Unit7 问题

Questions about the background knowledge:1.What is genetics? What do you know about genetics？Genetics is the study of heredity. Heredity is a biological process where a parent passes certain genes onto their children or offspring. Every child inherits genes from both of their biological parents and these genes in turn express specific traits. Some of these traits may be physical for example hair and eye color and skin color etc. On the other hand some genes may also carry the risk of certain diseases and disorders that may pass on from parents to their offspring.2.What is gene? How much do you know about genes?A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes, which are made up of DNA, act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total) are slightly different between people. Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences contribute to each person’s unique physical features.3.What is DNA? What do you know about DNA?DNA is Deoxyribonucleic acid. This contains all the genetic instructions for development. RNA is Ribonucleic acid. RNA is single strand where as DNA is double strand. You can find more information here4.What is the Value of Research into Human Genetics?Find out the riddle of our livesFigure out how many genes we haveFind out the cause of many inherited diseasesFigure out a way to fix defective genesUnderstand how DNA and proteins workHave a clearer idea of how we are related to the other life forms with which we share our planetQuestions about the passage of Section A:Fast Reading Questions1.What is The History and Geography of Human Genes?The History and Geography of Human Genes is a remarkable collection of more than 50 years of research in population genetics.2.What kind of book is The History and Geography of Human Genes? While not exactly a top selling book, The History and Geography of Human Genes is a remarkable collection of more than 50 years of research in population genetics.3What is the book’s firm conclusion?Once the genes for surface features such as skin color and height are discounted, the "races" are remarkably alike under the skin.4What is the main contribution of the book?It stands as the most extensive survey to date on how humans vary at the level of their genes.The book, however, is much more than an argument against the latest racially biased theory.5Is it easy or difficult to conduct the research?It is very difficult .Collecting blood, particularly from ancient populations in remote areas, was not always easy; potential donors wereoften afraid to cooperate, or raised religious concerns.Detailed Reading Questions:1.Why is the book not exactly a top-selling book?Because it is advanced, the average person can not understand2.What is special and unusual about the book?It stands as the most extensive survey to date on how humans vary at the level of their genes. The book, however, is much more than an argument against the latest racially biased theory. The book features more than 500 maps that show areas of genetic similarity —much as places of equal altitude are shown by the same color on other maps.3.In the first paragraph, the writer says, “The variation among individalsis much greater than the differences among groups.”What does this sentence mean?It means that the single variation is more obvious than the complex.4.At the beginning of Para.2, the writer mentions “The book, however,is much more than an argument against the latest racially biased theory” . Then what is “the latest racially biased theory”?Ethnic prejudice is due to various reasons or because of the war, in the history of the conflict of interests, religion, culture and other factors caused by the rejection or enmity between nation and nation of an attitude. Main show is a nation of another nation, there is something bitter, alert and neurotic tendencies.White prejudice against people of color is human social life of a social psychological phenomenon.5.Who is the prime mover (or the leading scientist) behind the project ?The prime mover behind the project, Luca Cavalli-Sforza, a Stanford professor6.Where did the scientists find the information needed to draw thefamily tree?The information needed to draw that tree is found in human blood7.What are the markers that can tell us a person’s genetic structure?a. Book's cover: a color map of the world's genetic variation has Africa atone end of the range and Australia at the other.b.The same map, in combination with ancient human bones, confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original human movements.c.The most distinctive members of the European branch of the human tree are the Basques of France and Spain.8.Is it easy to collect blood? Why or why not?NO,because collecting blood, particularly from ancient populations in remote areas, was not always easy; potential donors were often afraid to cooperate, or raised religious concerns.9.What remarkable discoveries did the scientists make? Please list them.A color map of the world's genetic variation has Africa at one end of the range and Australia at the other.The split from the African branch is the oldest on the human family tree. The Khoisan may be a very ancient mix of west Asians and black Africans.10.W hy did people assume that Australia’s native people were closelyrelated to black Africans?Australia's native people and black Africans share such superficial characteristics as skin color and body shape, they were widely assumed to be closely related.11.W hat does the genetic map of the world show us about Africa? Indicate that the split from the African branch is the oldest on the human family tree. Genetic trail visible on the maps shows that the breeding ground for this mixed population probably lies in Ethiopia or the Middle East.12Why do Europeans and Africans have different skin colors?Between Europeans and Africans,— are mainly a way to adapt to climate as humans move from one continent to another.13What does the genetic map show about the Khoisan people?They show that the Khoisan may be a very ancient mix of west Asiansand black Africans. A genetic trail visible on the maps shows that the breeding ground for this mixed population probably lies in Ethiopia or the Middle East.14According to the genetic information , are Europeans pure or mixed? Yes ,all Europeans are thought to be a mixed population, with 65% Asian and 35% African genes.15What is the ultimate goal of the study conducted by the scientists?To "weaken conventional notions of race" that cause racial prejudice.II Structure Analysis(How many parts can the passage be divided into? What is the main idea of each part?)Part 1(paras1-2)Introduction to the development of the human genome and geographical distribution of the main content of this bookPart 2(3-49) Write the book difficulty and important discoveriesPart4.(10)The ultimate purpose of research is to "weaken" cause "traditional" racial ideology of racial prejudice.。