系统解剖 英文版 感觉系统 Sensory Organs
系统解剖 英文版 听觉 Vestibulocochlear Organ
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Tympanic Cavity 鼓室
An air-containing cavity in the petrous portion
脉壁 Lower part: bone forming wall of
carotid canal
Upper part: lies two openings
opening for tensor tympani muscle tympanic opening of auditory tube
咽鼓管鼓室口, which communicates with nasopharynx
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Walls of Tympanic Cavity
Medial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁 Promontory 岬 Fenestra vestibuli 前庭窗:covered by base of stapes Fenestra cochleae 蜗窗: closeted by secondary
Hollow bony space
In its lateral wall are the fenestra vestibuli and
fenestra cochleae Contains utricle 椭圆囊 and saccule 球囊
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Bony Labyrinth 骨迷路
Dept of Anatomy DZX
系统解剖学课件：感觉器sensory organ
二、膜迷路
位于骨迷路内的膜性管道，由椭圆囊，球囊，膜 半规管和耳蜗组成，通过结缔组织连于骨迷路壁
（一）椭圆囊和球囊 椭圆囊斑、球囊斑： 位觉感受器，感受头 部直线变速运动及静 止的刺激 （二）膜半规管 壶腹嵴：位觉感受器， 感受头部旋转变速运 动
（三）蜗管
在蜗螺旋管内，蜗管横 切面呈三角形
内侧壁 斜切面
颈动脉壁
4.后壁：乳突壁，
上部有乳突窦入口 →乳突小房
5.内侧壁：迷路 壁，中部隆凸 称鼓岬，岬后 上方有前庭窗， 后下方为蜗窗， 在前庭窗的上 有面神经管凸
6.外侧壁： 鼓膜壁
（二）鼓室内的结构 1.听小骨 （1）锤骨 （2）砧骨 （3）镫骨
紧张部
2. 运动听小骨的肌 （1）鼓膜张肌 （2）镫骨肌
二、咽鼓管 连接鼻咽部与鼓室（3.5~4cm），功能是平衡鼓膜内外气压 分部：骨部（后外1/3）、软骨部（前内2/3） 小儿咽鼓管特点：短、宽、平 三、乳突窦和乳突小房
内耳（迷路）
位于颞骨岩部内，鼓室 内侧壁与内耳道底之间
分部：骨迷路、膜迷路 内淋巴、外淋巴
一、骨迷路
颞骨岩部内的骨性隧道。自前内向后外沿颞骨岩 部长轴排列，依次分为耳蜗、前庭和骨半规管
（三）玻璃体：呈胶状
眼副器
包括眼睑、结膜、 泪器、眼球外肌、 眶内脂肪等。 一、眼睑 由浅入深： １、皮肤 ２、皮下组织 ３、肌层 ４、睑板（睑板腺） ５、睑结膜
睑缘腺 麦粒肿
睑板腺结膜： 1、睑结膜—被覆于眼
睑后面 2、球结膜—覆于眼球
前部巩膜的表面 3、结膜穹窿—球结膜
感觉器
Sensory organ
总论
感觉器包括眼、耳、鼻、舌、身（皮肤）。感 觉器(sensor organs)由感受器(receptor)及 其附属装置构成。感受器是神经末梢装置，它 能感受刺激，并将刺激转化为神经冲动传到神 经中枢。感受器分为： 1、外感受器:皮肤，视、听器等 2、内感受器: 内脏、心血管等 3、本体感受器：肌、肌腱、关节
解剖学英文名词
解剖学英文单词anatomy 解剖学locomotor system 运动系统osteology 骨学bone 骨cartilage 软骨bone marrow 骨髓vertebra 椎骨cervical vertebrae 颈椎thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum 骶骨coccyx 尾骨rib 肋costal bone 肋骨sternum 胸骨ster na l a ngle 胸骨角cranium, skull 颅orbit 眶paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦frontal sinus 额窦maxillary sinus 上颌窦sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦ethmoidal sinus 筛窦pterion 翼点cranial fontanelles 颅囟clavicle 锁骨humerus 肱骨scapula 肩胛骨radius 桡骨ulna 尺骨carpal bones 腕骨metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges 指骨/趾骨hip bone 髋骨ilium 髂骨ischium 坐骨pubis 耻骨acetabulum 髋臼femur 股骨patella 髌骨tibia 胫骨fibula 腓骨tarsal bones 跗骨metatarsal bones 跖骨arthrology 关节学fibrous joint 纤维连结cartilaginous joint 软骨连结synosteosis 骨性结合joint, articulation 关节vertebral column 脊柱intervertebral disc 椎间盘thoracic cage 胸廓temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint 肘关节radiocarpal joint/wrist joint桡腕关节pubic symphysis 耻骨联合pelvis 骨盆terminal line 界线sarotuberous ligament骶结节韧带sarospinous ligament骶棘韧带greater sciatic foramen坐骨大孔hip joint 髋关节knee joint 膝关节ankle joint 踝关节transverse tarsal joint跗横关节meniscus 半月板mycology 肌学muscle 肌肉tendon 肌腱aponeurosis 腱膜fascia 筋膜trapezius m. 斜方肌latissimus dorsi m. 背阔肌erector spinae m. 竖脊肌sternocleidomastoid m.胸锁乳突肌pectoralis major m. 胸大肌serratus anterior m. 前锯肌intercostal m. 肋间肌diaphragm 膈obliquus externus abdominis m.腹外斜肌inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘linea alba 腹白线inguinal canal 腹股沟管inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角deltoid m. 三角肌biceps brachii m. 肱二头肌triceps brachii m. 肱三头肌gluteus maximus m. 臀大肌sartorius m. 缝匠肌quadriceps femoris m.股四头肌adductor magnus m. 大收肌triceps surae m. 小腿三头肌splanchnology 内脏学alimentary system 消化系统digestive tube/digestive tract消化管oral cavity 口腔palate 腭tongue 舌cheek 颊tooth 牙tonsil 扁桃体salivary glands 唾液腺sublingual gland 舌下腺parotid gland 腮腺submandibular gland 下颌下腺pharynx 咽esophagus 食管stomach, gaster 胃cardia 贲门pylorus 幽门small intestine 小肠duodenum 十二指肠jejunum 空肠ileum 回肠caecum 盲肠vermiform appendix 阑尾colon 结肠sigmoid colon 乙状结肠rectum 直肠anal canal 肛管anus 肛门liver, hepar 肝porta hepatis 肝门gall bladder 胆囊pancreas 胰respiratory system 呼吸系统nose 鼻nasal cavity 鼻腔larynx 喉trachea 气管bronchus 支气管lung 肺pleura 胸膜pleural cavity 胸膜腔pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝costodiaphragmatic recess肋膈隐窝mediastinum 纵隔urinary system 泌尿系统kidney 肾renal hilum 肾门renal pedicle 肾蒂ureter 输尿管urinary bladder 膀胱urethra 尿道reproductive system生殖系统testis 睾丸epididymis 附睾ductus deferens 输精管ejaculatory duct 射精管spermatic cord 精索prostate/prostate gland前列腺seminal vesicle 精囊bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺scrotum 阴囊penis 阴茎ovary 卵巢uterine tube 输卵管uterus 子宫vagina 阴道mamma, breast 乳房perineum 会阴pelvic diaphragm 盆膈urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈peritoneum 腹膜greater omentum 大网膜omental burse 网膜囊mesentery 肠系膜subphrenic space 膈下间隙rectovesical ponch直肠膀胱陷凹rectouterine pouch直肠子宫陷凹angiology 脉管学cardiovascular system心血管系统lymphatic syatem 淋巴系统heart 心cardiac atrium 心房cardiac ventricle 心室tricuspid valve 三尖瓣mitral valve 二尖瓣conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥pulmonary orifice 肺动脉口aortic sinus 主动脉窦interatrial septum 房间隔interventricular septum 室间隔sinuatrial node 窦房结atrioventricular node 房室结atrioventricular bundle房室束coronary artery 冠状动脉pericardium 心包pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干arterial ligament 动脉韧带common carotid a.颈总动脉carotid glomus 颈动脉小球internal carotid a. 颈内动脉facial a. 面动脉superficial temporal a.颞浅动脉subclavian a. 锁骨下动脉axillary a. 腋动脉brachial a. 肱动脉ulnar a. 尺动脉radial a. 桡动脉superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓thoracic aorta 胸主动脉abdominal aorta 腹主动脉coeliac trunk 腹腔干left gastric a. 胃左动脉common hepatic a. 肝总动脉splenic a. 脾动脉right gastroepiploic a.胃网膜右动脉superior mesenteric a.肠系膜上动脉common iliac a. 髂总动脉external iliac a. 髂外动脉femoral a. 股动脉popliteal a. 腘动脉posterior tibial a. 胫后动脉peroneal a. 腓动脉dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉uterine a. 子宫动脉superior vena cava 上腔静脉brachiocephalic vein头臂静脉internal jugular v. 颈内静脉cephalic v. 头静脉basilic v. 贵要静脉median cubital v. 肘正中静脉azygos v. 奇静脉great saphenous v. 大隐静脉portal v. 门静脉paraumbilical v. 附脐静脉thoracic duct 胸导管superficial inguinal lymph nodes腹股沟浅淋巴结spleen 脾thymus 胸腺sensory organs 感觉器visual organs 视器eye 眼cornea 角膜sclera 巩膜iris 虹膜pupil 瞳孔ciliary body 睫状体chor oid 脉络膜retina 视网膜optic disc 视神经盘macula lutea 黄斑aqueous humor 房水lens 晶状体vitreous body 玻璃体conju n ctiva结膜lacrimal apparatus 泪器ophthalmic a. 眼动脉ear 耳tympanic membrane 鼓膜tympanic cavity 鼓室auditory tube 咽鼓管vestibule 前庭cochlea 耳蜗semicircular canal 半规管peripheral nervous system周围神经系统spinal nerve 脊神经spinal ganglia 脊神经节cervical plexus 颈丛phrenic n. 膈神经brachial plexus 臂丛median n. 正中神经musculocutaneous n. 肌皮神经intercostal n. 肋间神经lumbar plexus 腰丛obturator n. 闭孔神经sacral plexus 骶丛sciatic n. 坐骨神经tibial n. 胫神经common peroneal n. 腓总神经cranial n. 脑神经olfactory n. 嗅神经optic n. 视神经oculomotor n. 动眼神经trochlear n. 滑车神经trigeminal n. 三叉神经ophthalmic n. 眼神经maxillary n. 上颌神经mandibular n. 下颌神经abducent n. 展神经facial n. 面神经vestibulocochlear n.前庭蜗神经glossopharyngeal n. 舌咽神经vagus n. 迷走神经accessory n. 副神经hypoglossal n. 舌下神经chorda tympani 鼓索autonomic nervous system自主神经系统sympathetic nerve交感神经parasympathetic nerve副交感神经central nervous system中枢神经系统spinal cord脊髓gray matter灰质cortex 皮质nucleus 神经核white matter 白质medulla 髓质fasciculus 纤维束ganglion 神经节reticular formation 网状结构spinal cord脊髓anterior horn前角posterior funiculus 后索anterior white commissure白质前连合fasciculus gracilis 薄束fasciculus cuneatus 楔束spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑束corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束corticonuclear tract 皮质核束brain, encephalon 脑brain stem脑干medulla oblongata延髓pyramid锥体pyramidal decussation锥体交叉pons脑桥midbrain, mesencephalon中脑red nucleus 红核substantia nigra 黑质cerebellum小脑diencephalon间脑thalamus丘脑hypothalamus 下丘脑optic chiasma 视交叉medial geniculate body内侧膝状体telencephalon端脑lateral ventricle侧脑室choroid plexus脉络丛internal capsule 内囊corpus callosum 胼胝体corpus striatum 纹状体cerebral cortex 大脑皮质hippocampal formation海马结构limbic system 边缘系统extrapyramidal system锥体外系cerebral dura mater 硬脑膜cavernous sinus海绵窦epidural space 硬膜外隙subarachnoid space蛛网膜下隙spinal pia mater 软脊膜cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液endocrine glands 内分泌腺thyroid gland 甲状腺parathyroid gland甲状旁腺suprarenal gland肾上腺hypophysis垂体pineal corpus松果体。
正常人体解剖学-第八章-感觉器
一、视器 二、前庭蜗器
黑龙江中医药大学
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解剖组胚教研室
一 感觉器的组成
感觉器是由感受器及其副器(辅助装置)
组成。
二 感觉器的功能
感觉器的功能是接受各种类型的刺激 并将相 应刺激转变为神经冲动 这些神经冲动经过特定的 神经传导通路传到大脑皮层的一定部位 产生特定 感觉从而建立机体与内外界环境间的联系。
(三) 泪器(lacrimal apparatus)
泪腺
成组
泪点
泪腺 泪小管
泪小管 泪道
泪囊
泪囊
鼻泪管
泪点
鼻泪管
黑龙江中医药大学
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解剖组胚教研室
眼泪的产生及排出途径
泪腺分泌泪液 结膜囊
上、下泪点 上、下泪小管
泪囊 鼻泪管 下鼻道
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黑龙江中医药37大学 解剖组胚教研室
(四) 眼球外肌：名称及作用
2. 本体感受器：分布在肌肉、肌腱、关节、 韧带、内耳平衡器。
3. 外感受器：分布在皮肤、鼻腔和口腔粘膜、 视器、听器。
黑龙江中医药大学
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5
解剖组胚教研室
第一节 视器
Visual organ
黑龙江中医药大学
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6
解剖组胚教研室
一 眼球（eyeball）
眼球的外形 球形
前、后极 赤道
眼轴
视轴（optic axis）
黑龙江中医药大学
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解剖组胚教研室
刺激
概述
黑龙江中医药大学 解剖组胚教研室
感受器 传入神经 中枢
(感受并换能)
(整合并产生感觉 )
《系统解剖学》教学课件：10感觉器sensory organ
systematic anatomy
温州医学院解剖教研室
感觉器
Sensory organ
总论
感觉器包括眼、耳、鼻、舌、身（皮肤）。感 觉器(sensor organs)由感受器(receptor)及 其附属装置构成。感受器是神经末梢装置，它 能感受刺激，并将刺激转化为神经冲动传到神 经中枢。感受器分为： 1、外感受器:皮肤，视、听器等 2、内感受器: 内脏、心血管等 3、本体感受器：肌、肌腱、关节
紧张部
一、中耳鼓室 （一）鼓室壁 1.上壁：鼓室盖 2.下壁：颈静脉壁 3.前壁：颈动脉壁
第二节 中耳
鼓室盖
颈静脉壁
（内侧）
矢状面
颈动脉壁
4.后壁：乳突壁， 上部有乳突窦入口 →乳突小房
5.内 侧 壁 ： 迷 路 壁 ， 中部隆凸称鼓岬，岬 后上方有前庭窗，后 下方为蜗窗，在前庭 窗的上有面神经管凸
从前向后分为: 1、虹膜部 ２、睫状体部 ３、脉络部 虹膜部和睫状 体因无感光作 用—盲部，脉 络部有感光作 用—视部
二、眼球内容物
（一）房水
房水 Er\ 睫状体
后房
眼静脉
瞳孔
巩膜Ｖ窦 前房
（二）晶状体： 位于虹膜与玻璃体之间， 呈双凸透镜状、无色透 明且富弹性，由晶体囊、 晶体纤维和晶体核构成。 晶状体借睫状小带与睫 状体相连，通过睫状肌 对其屈光度的调节，以 确保在视网膜上清晰成 像
6.外侧壁： 鼓膜壁
（二）鼓室内的结构 1.听小骨 （1）锤骨 （2）砧骨 （3）镫骨
紧张部
2.运动听小骨的肌 （1）鼓膜张肌 （2）镫骨肌
二、咽鼓管 连接鼻咽部与鼓室（3.5~4cm），功能是平衡鼓膜内外气压 分部：骨部（后外1/3）、软骨部（前内2/3） 小儿咽鼓管特点：短、宽、平 三、乳突窦和乳突小房
人体解剖学：感觉器官
sensory organs
感觉器官概述
感受器 receptor：能感受某种刺激而产生兴奋的结构。 感觉器官 sensory organs :是机体感受刺激的装置，
是感受器及其附属结构的总称。
视器、前庭蜗器、味器、嗅器
本章重点和难点
重点： 1.眼球壁的构造，眼球内容物构成与作用。 2.房水的产生及循环途经 3.泪器的组成、泪道的形态结构和泪液的排出途径 4.眼外肌的作用。 5.鼓膜的位置、分部和形态。 6.骨迷路三部分，膜迷路三个部分（椭圆囊、球囊、 膜半规管和蜗管）的结构及其功能 难点： 骨迷路与膜迷路
使眼球（前极）转向
内侧 外侧 内上方 内下方 外下方 外上方
内直肌 外直肌 上直肌 下直肌 上斜肌 下斜肌
复习思考题
1.眼球的组成 2.眼的屈光系统的组成 3.房水的产生及循环途径 4.泪液的产生和排出途径 5.结膜的分部 6.眼球外肌的作用 名词： 视神经盘、中央凹
前庭蜗器
vestibulocochlear organ
①屈光 作用： ②支撑视网膜
玻璃体
眼球的屈光系统
光线
角膜 房水 晶状体 玻璃体
光线 → 角膜 →眼前房房水 → 瞳孔 → 眼后房房水 → 晶状体 → 玻璃体 → 视网膜
三、眼的附属结构---眼副器
眼睑eyelids 结膜conjunctiva 泪器lacrimal apparatus 眼球外肌extraocular muscle 眶脂体 眶筋膜
（1）结构特点：为充满在眼房内的无色透明液体
瞳孔
（2）产生和循环：由睫状体产生 眼后房
眼前房
巩膜静脉窦 眼的静脉
巩膜静脉窦
眼前房
前房角
医学英语——常用解剖术语
1、总论[Introduction] superior[上] inferior[下] Cranial[头侧] Caudal[尾侧] anterior[前] posterior[后] ventral[腹侧] dorsal[背侧] medial[内侧] lateral[外侧] internal[内] external[外] superficial[浅] profundal[深] proximal[近侧] distal[远侧] ulnar[尺侧] radial[桡侧] tibial[胫侧] fibular[腓侧] 2、运动系统[locomotor （kinetic） system] vertebrae[椎⾻] cervical vevtebrae[颈椎] thoracic vertebrae[胸椎] lumbar vertebrae[腰椎] sacrum[骶⾻] sternum[胸⾻] rib[肋⾻] thoracic cage[胸廓] skull[颅] frontal bone[额⾻] parietal bone[顶⾻] sphenoid bone[蝶⾻] ethmoid bone[筛⾻] mandible （submaxilla）[下颌⾻] maxilla （supermaxilla）[上颌⾻] nasal bone[⿐⾻] coronal （sagital， lambdoid） suture [冠状（⽮状，⼈字）缝] orbit[眶] clavicle[锁⾻] scapula （shoulder blade）[肩胛⾻] sternum （breast bone）[胸⾻] manubrium sterni （presternum）[胸⾻柄] midsternum[胸⾻体] xiphoid[剑突] humerus[肱⾻] radius[桡⾻] ulna[尺⾻] carpal bone[腕⾻] metacarpal bone [掌⾻] phalanges[指（趾）⾻] hip bone[髋⾻] ilium[髂⾻] ischium [坐⾻] pubis[耻⾻] femur [股⾻] patella[髌⾻] tibia[胫⾻] fibula [腓⾻] articulation[关节] ligament[韧带] flexion[屈] extension[伸] adduction[收] abduction[展] pronation[旋前] supination[旋后] circumductoin[环转] vertebral column[脊柱] intervertebral disc[椎间盘] temporal-mandibular joint[颞下颌关节] shoulder joint[肩关节] elbow joint[肘关节] radiocarpal joint[肩关节] radiocarpal joint[桡腕关节] pelvis[⾻盆] hip joint[髋关节] knee joint[膝关节] ankle joint[踝关节] muscle [肌⾁] tendon[肌腱] fascia[筋膜] tendinous sheath[腱鞘] trapezius[斜⽅肌] latissimus dorsi[背阔肌] sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的] scalenus [斜⾓肌] pectoralis major[胸⼤肌] intercostales[肋间肌] diaphragm[膈肌] inguinal canal[腹股沟管] masseter[咬肌] temporalis[颞肌] deltoid[三⾓肌] biceps brachii[肱⼆头肌] triceps brachii[肱三头肌] axillary fossa [腑窝] gluteus maximus[臀⼤肌] quadriceps femoris[股四头肌] triceps surae[⼩腿三头肌] femoral triangle[股三⾓] 3、内脏[Viscera] viscera[内脏] oral cavity[⼝腔] lip[唇] cheek[颊] palate[腭] tooth[⽛] dentes[⽛] tongue[⾆] parotid gland[腮腺] pharynx[咽] esophagus[⾷管] stomach gaster[胃] duodenum[⼗⼆指肠] jejunum[空肠] ileum [回肠] large intestine[⼤肠] caecum[盲肠] vermiform （appendix）[阑尾] colon[结肠] rectum[直肠] anal canal[肛管] dentate line[齿状线] anus[肛门] liver （hepar）[肝] porta hepatis[肝门] gallblader[胆囊] pancreas[胰] nose[⿐] nasal cavity[⿐腔] laryngeal cavity[喉腔] vocal cord[声带] trachea[⽓管] bronchi[⽀⽓管] lung [肺] pulmonary[肺的] pleura[胸膜] mediastinum[纵隔] kidney[肾] renal pilvis[肾盂] ureter[输尿管] urinary bladder[膀胱] urethra[尿道] testis[睾丸] epididymis[附睾] ductus deferens[输精管] spermatic cord[精索] prostate[前列腺] scrotum[阴囊] penis[阴茎] ovary[卵巢] uterine tube[输卵管] uterus[⼦宫] vagina[阴道] clitoris[阴蒂] mamma （breast）[*] mammary papilla （nipple）[*] perineum[会阴] pelvic diaphragm[盆膈] peritoneum[腹膜] omentum[膜] 4、⼼⾎管系统[Cardiovascular system] heart[⼼] capillary[⽑细⾎管] atrium[⼼房] ventricle[⼼室] tricuspid valve[三尖瓣] bicuspid valve[⼆尖瓣] aortic valve[主动脉瓣] pulmonary valve[肺动脉瓣] sinuatrial node[窦房结] atrioventricular node[房室结] atrioventricular bundle[房室束] right/left bundle branch[右/左束⽀] coronary artery[冠状动脉] coronary sinus[冠状窦] pericardium[⼼包] aorta[主动脉] innominate artery[⽆名动脉（头臂⼲）] common carotid artery[颈总动脉] carotid sinus [颈动脉窦] internal（external） carotid artery[颈内（外）动脉] facial artery[⾯动脉] subclavian artery[锁⾻下动脉] mesenteric artery[肠系膜动脉] common iliac artery[髂总动脉] popliteal artery [腘动脉] vena cava [腔静脉] internal jugular vein[颈内静脉] cephalic vein[头静脉] basilic vein[贵要静脉] saphenous vein[隐静脉] lymphatic duct[淋巴导管] thoracic duct[胸导管] lymph node[淋巴结] spleen[脾] sensory organ[感觉器] receptor[感受器] visual organ[视器] eyeball [眼球] cornea[⾓膜] sclera[巩膜] choroid [脉络膜] ciliary body[睫状体] iris[虹膜] retina[视膜] optic disc[视神经盘] macula lutea[黄斑] aqueous humor[房⽔] lens[晶状体] vitreous body[玻璃体] eyelid [眼睑] conjunctiva[结膜] lacrimal gland[泪腺] vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蜗器] ear（ auris） [⽿] auricle[⽿廓] acoustic meatus[⽿道] tympanic cavity[⿎室] tympanic membrane[⿎膜] pharyngotympanic tube [咽⿎管] bony（membranous） labyrinth[⾻（膜）迷路] vestibule [前庭] semicircular canal[半规管] cochlea[⽿蜗] cochlear duct[蜗管] olfactory organ[嗅器] gustatory organ[味器] taste bud[味蕾] central nervous system[中枢神经系统] peripheral nervous system[周围神经系统] visceral nerve[内脏神经医学教.育搜集] afferent nerve[传⼊神经] efferent nerve[传出神经] neuron[神经元] axon [轴突] dendrite[树突] glia [神经胶质] gray matter [灰质] white matter[⽩质] cortex[⽪质] madulla[髓质] nucleus[神经质] ganglion[神经节] fasciculus[神经束] nerve[神经] spinal nerve[脊神经] cervical plexus[颈丛] brachial plexus[臂丛] lumbar plexus[腰丛] sacral plexus [骶丛] phrenic nerve[膈神经] median nerve[正中神经] ulnar nerve[尺神经] radial nerve[桡神经] femoral nerve[股神经] ischiatic nerve[坐⾻神经] common peroneal nerve[腓总神经] cranial nerve[颅（脑）神经] olfactory nerve[嗅神经] optic nerve[视神经] oculomotor nerve[动眼神经] abducent nerve[展神经] facial nerve[⾯神经] vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蜗神经] glossopharyngeal nerve[⾆咽神经] vagus nerve[迷⾛神经] accessary nerve[副神经] hypoglossal nerve[⾆下神经] autonomic nervous system[⾃主神经] vegetative nervous system[植物神经] sympathetic nerve[交感神经] parasympathetic nerve[副交感神经] spinal cord[脊髓] encephalon （brain）[脑] brain stem[脑⼲] medulla oblongata[延髓] pons [脑桥] mesencephalon[中脑] midbrain[中脑] cerebellum[⼩脑] diencephalon[间脑] thalamus[丘脑] hypothalamus[下丘脑] hypophysis[垂体] telencephalon[端脑] cerebrum[⼤脑] cerebral cortex[⼤脑⽪质] corpus striatum[纹状体] internal capsule[内囊] spinothalamic tract[⽪质脊髓束] medial lemniscus[内侧丘系] lateral lemniscus[外侧丘系] spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系] trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系] suprasternal fossa[胸⾻上窝] supraclavicular fossa[锁⾻上窝] infraclavicular fossa[锁⾻下窝] armpit （axillary fossa）[腋窝] midsternal （midian） line[胸⾻中线（正中线）] anterior midian line[前正中线] parasternal line[胸⾻旁线] midclavicular line[锁⾻中线] mammillary （nipple， milk） line[乳线] posterior （mid-， anterior） axillary line[腋后（中，前）线] scapular line[肩胛线] midspinal line[脊柱中线] dorsomedian line[后正中线] linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁线] the left （right） upper abdomen （quadrant）[左（右）上腹] epigastrium[上腹部] the middle abdomen[中腹部] the lower abdomen[下腹部] linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁线] anterior superior spine[髂前上棘] symphysis pubis （symphysion）[耻⾻联合] ischial tuberosity[坐⾻结节] groin （inguen）[腹股沟] popliteal fossa[腘窝] upper extremity（limb）[上肢] lower extremity（limb）[下肢] posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴] anterior （dorsal） part of chest（前（后）胸部） scapular region[肩胛区] anterior （posterior） fontanelle[前（后）囱]。
医学英语——常用解剖术语
医学英语——常用解剖术语1、总论[Introduction]superior[上]inferior[下]Cranial[头侧]Caudal[尾侧]anterior[前]posterior[后]ventral[腹侧]dorsal[背侧]medial[内侧]lateral[外侧]internal[内]external[外]superficial[浅]profundal[深]proximal[近侧]distal[远侧]ulnar[尺侧]radial[桡侧]tibial[胫侧]fibular[腓侧]2、运动系统[locomotor （kinetic）system]vertebrae[椎骨]cervical vevtebrae[颈椎]thoracic vertebrae[胸椎]lumbar vertebrae[腰椎]sacrum[骶骨]sternum[胸骨]rib[肋骨]thoracic cage[胸廓]skull[颅]frontal bone[额骨]parietal bone[顶骨]occipital bone[枕骨]temporal bone[颞骨]sphenoid bone[蝶骨]ethmoid bone[筛骨]mandible （submaxilla）[下颌骨]maxilla （supermaxilla）[上颌骨]nasal bone[鼻骨]coronal （sagital，lambdoid）suture [冠状（矢状，人字）缝]orbit[眶]clavicle[锁骨]scapula （shoulder blade）[肩胛骨]sternum （breast bone）[胸骨]manubrium sterni （presternum）[胸骨柄]midsternum[胸骨体]xiphoid[剑突]humerus[肱骨]radius[桡骨]ulna[尺骨]carpal bone[腕骨] metacarpal bone [掌骨] phalanges[指（趾）骨] hip bone[髋骨]ilium[髂骨]ischium [坐骨]pubis[耻骨]femur [股骨]patella[髌骨]tibia[胫骨]fibula [腓骨]articulation[关节]ligament[韧带]flexion[屈]extension[伸]adduction[收]abduction[展] medial rotation[旋内] lateral rotation[旋外]pronation[旋前]supination[旋后]circumductoin[环转]vertebral column[脊柱]intervertebral disc[椎间盘] temporal-mandibular joint[颞下颌关节] shoulder joint[肩关节]elbow joint[肘关节]radiocarpal joint[肩关节]radiocarpal joint[桡腕关节]pelvis[骨盆]hip joint[髋关节]knee joint[膝关节]ankle joint[踝关节]muscle [肌肉]tendon[肌腱]fascia[筋膜]tendinous sheath[腱鞘]trapezius[斜方肌]latissimus dorsi[背阔肌]sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的]scalenus [斜角肌]pectoralis major[胸大肌]intercostales[肋间肌]diaphragm[膈肌]inguinal canal[腹股沟管]masseter[咬肌]temporalis[颞肌]deltoid[三角肌]biceps brachii[肱二头肌]triceps brachii[肱三头肌] axillary fossa [腑窝] gluteus maximus[臀大肌]piriformis[梨状肌]sartorius[缝匠肌] quadriceps femoris[股四头肌] triceps surae[小腿三头肌]femoral triangle[股三角]3、内脏[Viscera]viscera[内脏]oral cavity[口腔]lip[唇]cheek[颊]palate[腭]tooth[牙]dentes[牙]tongue[舌]parotid gland[腮腺]pharynx[咽]esophagus[食管]stomach gaster[胃]duodenum[十二指肠]jejunum[空肠]ileum [回肠]large intestine[大肠]caecum[盲肠] vermiform （appendix）[阑尾]colon[结肠]rectum[直肠]anal canal[肛管]dentate line[齿状线]anus[肛门]liver （hepar）[肝]porta hepatis[肝门]gallblader[胆囊]pancreas[胰]nose[鼻]nasal cavity[鼻腔]paranasal sinus[鼻旁窦]larynx[喉]laryngeal cavity[喉腔]vocal cord[声带]trachea[气管]bronchi[支气管]lung [肺]pulmonary[肺的]pleura[胸膜]mediastinum[纵隔]kidney[肾]renal pilvis[肾盂]ureter[输尿管]urinary bladder[膀胱]urethra[尿道]testis[睾丸]epididymis[附睾] ductus deferens[输精管]spermatic cord[精索]prostate[前列腺]scrotum[阴囊]penis[阴茎]ovary[卵巢]uterine tube[输卵管]uterus[子宫]vagina[阴道]clitoris[阴蒂] mamma （breast）[乳房]mammary papilla （nipple）[乳头]perineum[会阴]pelvic diaphragm[盆膈]peritoneum[腹膜]omentum[网膜]4、心血管系统[Cardiovascular system]heart[心]artery[动脉]vein[静脉]capillary[毛细血管]atrium[心房]ventricle[心室]tricuspid valve[三尖瓣]bicuspid valve[二尖瓣]aortic valve[主动脉瓣]pulmonary valve[肺动脉瓣]sinuatrial node[窦房结]atrioventricular node[房室结]atrioventricular bundle[房室束] right/left bundle branch[右/左束支]coronary artery[冠状动脉]coronary sinus[冠状窦]pericardium[心包]aorta[主动脉]innominate artery[无名动脉（头臂干）]common carotid artery[颈总动脉]carotid sinus [颈动脉窦]internal（external）carotid artery[颈内（外）动脉]facial artery[面动脉]subclavian artery[锁骨下动脉]mesenteric artery[肠系膜动脉]common iliac artery[髂总动脉]popliteal artery [腘动脉]vena cava [腔静脉]internal jugular vein[颈内静脉]cephalic vein[头静脉]basilic vein[贵要静脉]saphenous vein[隐静脉]lymphatic duct[淋巴导管]thoracic duct[胸导管]lymph node[淋巴结]spleen[脾]thymus[胸腺]5、感觉器[sense organs]sensory organ[感觉器]receptor[感受器]visual organ[视器]eyeball [眼球]cornea[角膜]sclera[巩膜]choroid [脉络膜]ciliary body[睫状体]iris[虹膜]retina[视网膜]optic disc[视神经盘]macula lutea[黄斑]aqueous humor[房水]lens[晶状体]vitreous body[玻璃体]eyelid [眼睑]conjunctiva[结膜]lacrimal gland[泪腺]vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蜗器]ear（auris）[耳]auricle[耳廓]acoustic meatus[耳道]tympanic cavity[鼓室]tympanic membrane[鼓膜]pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管]bony（membranous）labyrinth[骨（膜）迷路]vestibule [前庭]semicircular canal[半规管]cochlea[耳蜗]cochlear duct[蜗管]olfactory organ[嗅器]gustatory organ[味器]taste bud[味蕾]skin[皮肤]6、神经系统[Nervous system] central nervous system[中枢神经系统] peripheral nervous system[周围神经系统] visceral nerve[内脏神经医学教.育网搜集] afferent nerve[传入神经]efferent nerve[传出神经]neuron[神经元]axon [轴突]dendrite[树突]glia [神经胶质]gray matter [灰质]white matter[白质]cortex[皮质]madulla[髓质]nucleus[神经质]ganglion[神经节]fasciculus[神经束]nerve[神经]spinal nerve[脊神经]cervical plexus[颈丛]brachial plexus[臂丛]lumbar plexus[腰丛]sacral plexus [骶丛]phrenic nerve[膈神经]median nerve[正中神经]ulnar nerve[尺神经]radial nerve[桡神经]femoral nerve[股神经]ischiatic nerve[坐骨神经] common peroneal nerve[腓总神经] cranial nerve[颅（脑）神经]olfactory nerve[嗅神经]optic nerve[视神经]oculomotor nerve[动眼神经]trochlear nerve[滑车神经]trigeminal verve[三叉神经]abducent nerve[展神经]facial nerve[面神经] vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蜗神经] glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神经] vagus nerve[迷走神经]accessary nerve[副神经]hypoglossal nerve[舌下神经] autonomic nervous system[自主神经] vegetative nervous system[植物神经] sympathetic nerve[交感神经] parasympathetic nerve[副交感神经]spinal cord[脊髓]encephalon （brain）[脑]brain stem[脑干]medulla oblongata[延髓]pons [脑桥]mesencephalon[中脑]midbrain[中脑]cerebellum[小脑]diencephalon[间脑]thalamus[丘脑]hypothalamus[下丘脑]hypophysis[垂体]telencephalon[端脑]cerebrum[大脑]cerebral cortex[大脑皮质]corpus striatum[纹状体]internal capsule[内囊]spinothalamic tract[皮质脊髓束]medial lemniscus[内侧丘系]lateral lemniscus[外侧丘系]spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系]trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]7、体表标记[Anatomic marks]naso-labial groove[鼻唇沟]suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窝]supraclavicular fossa[锁骨上窝]infraclavicular fossa[锁骨下窝]armpit （axillary fossa）[腋窝]midsternal （midian）line[胸骨中线（正中线）]anterior midian line[前正中线]parasternal line[胸骨旁线]midclavicular line[锁骨中线]mammillary （nipple，milk）line[乳线]posterior （mid-，anterior）axillary line[腋后（中，前）线]scapular line[肩胛线]midspinal line[脊柱中线]dorsomedian line[后正中线]linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁线]the left （right）upper abdomen （quadrant）[左（右）上腹]epigastrium[上腹部]the middle abdomen[中腹部]the lower abdomen[下腹部]linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁线]anterior superior spine[髂前上棘] symphysis pubis （symphysion）[耻骨联合]ischial tuberosity[坐骨结节]groin （inguen）[腹股沟]popliteal fossa[腘窝]upper extremity（limb）[上肢]lower extremity（limb）[下肢]posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴] anterior （dorsal）part of chest（前（后）胸部）scapular region[肩胛区]anterior （posterior）fontanelle[前（后）囱]。
人体解剖英语词汇大全了解人体器官骨骼和生理功能的英文英语词汇
人体解剖英语词汇大全了解人体器官骨骼和生理功能的英文英语词汇人体解剖英语词汇大全：了解人体器官、骨骼和生理功能的英文词汇在学习人体解剖学的过程中，掌握一些与人体器官、骨骼和生理功能相关的英语词汇是非常重要的。
以下是一个人体解剖英语词汇大全，帮助你更好地了解人体结构和功能。
本词汇表以字母顺序排列，人体系统和器官以及其相关词汇会逐个解释。
现在让我们来一起学习吧！A1. Abdomen（腹部）: The region of the body between the thorax andthe pelvis that contains the stomach, liver, intestines, and other digestive organs.2. Achilles tendon（跟腱）: A strong fibrous cord that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone.3. Adipose tissue（脂肪组织）: Connective tissue that stores fat cells.4. Alveoli（肺泡）: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.5. Aorta（主动脉）: The main artery that carries oxygenated bloodfrom the heart to the rest of the body.B1. Bladder（膀胱）: A muscular sac that stores urine produced by the kidneys.2. Bile（胆汁）: A bitter, greenish-yellow fluid produced by the liver that helps in the digestion and absorption of fats.3. Brain（大脑）: The control center of the nervous system, responsible for processing and coordinating sensory information and motor responses.4. Bronchi（支气管）: The two main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs.5. Bones（骨骼）: Rigid organs composed of calcium, phosphorus, and collagen fibers that provide support, protection, and movement.C1. Cartilage（软骨）: Flexible connective tissue found in the joints, nose, and ears that provides support and reduces friction between bones.2. Circulatory system（循环系统）: The system responsible for the transport of blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes throughout the body.3. Colon（结肠）: The longest portion of the large intestine, responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from undigested food.4. Cranial nerves（脑神经）: The 12 pairs of nerves that arise directly from the brain and are responsible for sensory and motor functions of the head and neck.5. Capillaries（毛细血管）: Tiny blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules and facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between cells and blood.D1. Diaphragm（膈肌）: A dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and plays a crucial role in breathing.2. Digestive system（消化系统）: The system responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas.3. Dorsal cavity（背腔）: The posterior cavity of the body that contains the cranial and vertebral cavities.4. Dendrite（树突）: Branch-like extensions of a nerve cell that receive incoming signals and transmit them to the cell body.5. Dermis（真皮）: The middle layer of the skin that contains blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.E1. Esophagus（食道）: A muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach and transports food from the mouth to the stomach.2. Endocrine system（内分泌系统）: The system responsible for producing and releasing hormones to regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.3. Epidermis（表皮）: The outermost layer of the skin that provides protection against pathogens, water loss, and UV radiation.4. Epithelial tissue（上皮组织）: Tissue that covers the external and internal surfaces of the body, including the skin and mucous membranes.5. Excretory system（排泄系统）: The system responsible for eliminating metabolic waste products from the body, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.F1. Femur（股骨）: The longest and strongest bone in the body, located in the thigh region.2. Frontal lobe（额叶）: The anterior part of the cerebral cortex responsible for higher cognitive functions, including decision-making, problem-solving, and emotion regulation.3. Flexor（屈肌）: A muscle that bends or flexes a joint.4. Fallopian tubes（输卵管）: Tubes that extend from the ovaries to the uterus and serve as the site for fertilization of the egg by sperm.G1. Gallbladder（胆囊）: A pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.2. Glomerulus（肾小球）: A network of tiny blood vessels in the kidney where blood filtration occurs.3. Gonads（性腺）: The reproductive organs that produce gametes –ovaries in females and testes in males.4. Glands（腺体）: Organs that secrete hormones or other substances, such as sweat glands and salivary glands.H1. Heart（心脏）: A muscular organ that pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs.2. Hypothalamus（下丘脑）: A small region of the brain that acts as a control center for regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormone production.3. Humerus（肱骨）: The bone in the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow.4. Homeostasis（动态平衡）: The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.I1. Integumentary system（皮肤系统）: The system composed of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands, responsible for protection, temperature regulation, and sensory reception.2. Incisor（切牙）: The sharp-edged front teeth used for cutting and biting food.3. Inferior vena cava（下腔静脉）: The largest vein in the body that returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.4. Iris（虹膜）: The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye.J1. Joint（关节）: The point of connection or articulation between two or more bones, allowing for movement and flexibility.2. Jejunum（空肠）: The middle portion of the small intestine responsible for further digestion and absorption of nutrients.K1. Kidneys（肾脏）: The paired organs responsible for filtering waste products, excess nutrients, and water from the blood to form urine.2. Keratin（角蛋白）: A tough protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails that provides strength and protection.L1. Lungs（肺）: The paired respiratory organs responsible for gas exchange, supplying oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide.2. Liver（肝脏）: The largest gland in the body that produces bile, detoxifies harmful substances, stores nutrients, and performs other vital metabolic functions.3. Lymphatic system（淋巴系统）: The network of vessels, lymph nodes, and organs responsible for defending the body against pathogens and maintaining fluid balance.4. Ligaments（韧带）: Strong bands of connective tissue that connect bones and provide stability to joints.M1. Muscles（肌肉）: Contractile tissues responsible for movement, support, and heat production in the body.2. Medulla oblongata（延髓）: The lower part of the brainstem responsible for controlling vital functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.3. Molars（磨牙）: The back teeth used for grinding and chewing food.4. Metabolism（新陈代谢）: The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain life and energy balance.N1. Nervous system（神经系统）: The complex network of nerves and cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body, enabling communication and coordination.2. Nephron（肾单位）: The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.3. Neurons（神经元）: Nerve cells that transmit electrical signals throughout the body.4. Nasal cavity（鼻腔）: The hollow space inside the nose that filters, warms, and moistens inhaled air.O1. Ovaries（卵巢）: The female reproductive organs that produce eggs and release hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone.2. Osteoporosis（骨质疏松）: A condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, often associated with aging or hormonal changes.3. Optic nerve（视神经）: The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.P1. Pancreas（胰腺）: An organ that produces insulin and other digestive enzymes to regulate blood sugar levels and aid in digestion.2. Pituitary gland（垂体）: The master gland of the endocrine system that controls the release of hormones from other glands and regulates growth and development.3. Pharynx（咽部）: The muscular tube at the back of the throat that serves as a passageway for food and air.4. Patella（髌骨）: The kneecap, a small bone located in front of the knee joint.5. Pupil（瞳孔）: The opening in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye.Q1. Quadriceps（四头肌）: A group of four muscles at the front of the thigh that help extend the leg and stabilize the knee joint.2. Quiescent（静止的）: Inactive or dormant, often used to describe cells or tissues with reduced metabolic activity.R1. Retina（视网膜）: The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells responsible for detecting and processing visual stimuli.2. Radius（桡骨）: One of the two bones in the forearm, located on the thumb side.3. Rib（肋骨）: Curved bones that form the rib cage, protecting the organs in the thoracic cavity.4. Renal artery（肾动脉）: The blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys.S1. Spinal cord（脊髓）: The long, thin bundle of nerves that extends from the brainstem to the lower back, transmitting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body.2. Stomach（胃）: A muscular organ that receives and breaks down food through mechanical and chemical digestion.3. Small intestine（小肠）: The part of the digestive tract where most of the nutrient absorption takes place.4. Spleen（脾脏）: An organ located behind the stomach that filters the blood, stores red blood cells, and helps in the immune response.5. Sweat glands（汗腺）: Glands in the skin that produce sweat to regulate body temperature.T1. Trachea（气管）: The windpipe, a tube that carries air from the throat to the bronchi.2. Thyroid gland（甲状腺）: A gland in the neck that produces hormones important for metabolism, growth, and development.3. Testes（睾丸）: Male reproductive organs that produce sperm and release testosterone.4. Tendon（肌腱）: A flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone.5. Temporal lobe（颞叶）: The lobe of the cerebral cortex responsible for auditory processing and memory.U1. Urethra（尿道）: The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.2. Uterus（子宫）: A hollow, muscular organ in females where the fetus develops during pregnancy.V1. Vein（静脉）: Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.2. Ventricle（心室）: One of the two lower chambers of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart and into the circulatory system.W1. White blood cells（白细胞）: Cells of the immune system that defend the body against pathogens and foreign substances.2. Wrist（腕关节）: The joint that connects the hand to the forearm.X1. Xiphoid process（剑突）: The small, cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum.Y1. Yolk sac（卵黄囊）: A membranous sac that provides nourishment to the developing embryo in the early stages of pregnancy.Z1. Zygote（受精卵）: The cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm during fertilization.希望这个人体解剖英语词汇大全对你有所帮助！通过学习与人体结构和功能相关的英语词汇，你将更好地理解人体解剖学的知识。
人体解剖学：感觉器官Sensory Organs
晶状体混浊，称白内障
睫状体以睫状小带与睫状体相连. 虹膜
睫状体
睫状小带
晶状体
（2）房水
由睫状体血管内血液渗透及非色素上皮细胞分泌
产生的透明液体。
房水循环： 房水
眼后房
瞳孔
眼前房
虹膜角ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้角
巩膜静脉窦
眼静脉
虹膜角膜角
巩膜静脉窦
眼前房
眼后房
( 3 ) 玻璃体 vitreous body 为无色透明的胶状物，
一、概述
感觉器（Sensory Organs）是机体刺激的装置，由 感受器及其附属结构组成。
感受器（receptor）是机体感受内外环境各种剌 激的结构。
感受器种类繁多，根据其所在部位和所接受剌激 的来源可分为三类：
1. 外感受器(exteroceptor); 2. 内感受器(interoceptor); 3. 本体感受器(proprioceptor)。 根据特化的程度，感受器又可分为： 1. 一般感受器，分布于全身各部； 2. 特殊感受器(感觉器官), 只分布在头部，包括： 嗅器、味器、视器、听器和位觉（平衡）器
脉络膜
（3） 视网膜 retina
盲部
视部
盲部
视部
视神经盘 optic disc 黄斑 macular lutea 中央凹 fovea centralis
视神经盘
黄斑 中央凹
视神经盘
中央 凹
2. 眼球内容物
(1) 晶状体 lens
内无血管和神经，
无色透明，具有 虹膜
弹性，为屈光装
置。
晶状体
玻璃体
眼神经
三叉神经
视神经
鼻睫神经
鼻睫神经
人体解剖学Humananatomy-46页PPT资料
第五篇 感觉器 概述： 一、感觉器（sensory organs）：机体感觉刺激的
装置，是感觉器和附属结构的总称。 感受器：是机体接受内外环境各种刺激的结构。 二、据部位和接受刺激的来源： （一）外感受器：分布于皮肤、鼻腔和口腔粘
膜、视器、听器。 （二）内感受器：分布于内脏和心血管等处。 （三）本体感受器：分布在肌肉、肌腱、关节、
1）眼房：是位于角膜、晶状体、睫状小带和睫 状体之间的空隙，被虹膜分为眼前房和眼后房， 两房借瞳孔相通。
2）房水的产生和循环途径：
睫状体产生 眼后房 瞳孔 眼前房 虹 膜角膜角 虹膜角膜角隙 巩膜静脉窦 睫前静脉 眼静脉
房水功能：折光、营养角膜和晶状体、维持眼内 压。
临床：房水过多或循环受阻，眼内压增高，引起 青光眼。
2、晶状体：双凸透镜状，无色透明。 视近物时：睫状肌收缩 睫状小带松弛 晶状
体变厚 视远物时：睫状肌舒张 睫状小带紧张 晶状
体变薄 晶状体异常：近视眼、老花眼、白内障。 3、玻璃体：无色透明胶状物质，有折光和对视网
膜支撑作用。
第二节 眼副器
一、眼睑：ຫໍສະໝຸດ 1、主要结构：上睑、下睑、睑裂、内眦、外眦
2、皮肤、皮下组织、肌层、睑板、结膜。
韧带和内耳平衡器等处。
第一章 视器 组成 眼球
眼副器：眼睑、结膜、泪器、眼球外肌、 眶筋膜及眶脂体。 第一节 眼球 前极：前面的正中点 后极：后面的正中点
一、眼球的外形 赤道（中纬线）：两极间中点 沿眼球表面所做的环行线
眼轴：前极至后极的矢状轴 视轴：瞳孔中央至视网膜中央 凹
二、眼球的构造： （一）、眼球壁：
（二）膜迷路： 1、椭圆囊：椭圆囊斑 感受静止和直线变速运 动时位置变化的刺激。 球 囊：球囊斑 2、膜半规管：壶腹嵴，感受旋转变速运动时位 置变化的刺激。 上壁：前庭襞
人体解剖学sensory organs 2
三.鼓膜Tympanic membrane(鼓室内详叙)
第二节 中耳middle ear
中耳包括鼓室、咽鼓管、乳突窦和乳 突小房。
一、鼓室tympanic cavity （一）鼓室壁
1.外侧壁 大部分 是鼓膜壁
上壁
外侧壁
后壁 下壁
内侧壁
前壁
鼓膜tympanic membrane
鼓膜脐:其中心向内凹陷 松驰部:鼓膜上1/4的三角形区 紧张部:鼓膜的下3/4,其前下方
前庭阶
鼓阶
二、膜迷路membranous labyrinth
(1) 椭圆囊和球囊 斑是 位觉感受器. (2)膜半规管
membranous semicircular ducts 位于
骨半规管内.在膜壶腹 壁上有隆起的壶腹嵴, 也是位觉感受器,能感 受旋转运动的刺激。
(3)蜗管cochlear duct 基底膜其上 有螺旋器又称 Corti器，是听觉 感受器。
三、乳突窦和乳突小房 乳突窦 mastoid antrum 乳突小房 mastoid cells
第三节 内耳internal ear
内耳由骨迷路和 膜迷路组成。骨迷路 是颞骨岩部骨质中的 曲折遂道。膜迷路套 在骨迷路内，二者之 间的间隙充满外淋巴。 膜迷路为一封闭的管 道系统，管内充满内 淋巴。
第三章 前庭蜗器 Vestibulocochlear organ
主讲人 季 艳 梅
前庭蜗器vestibulocochlear organ
前庭蜗器 （位听器）包括 前庭器和听器两 部。 位听器包括 外耳、中耳和内 耳三部
第一节 外耳External ear
一、耳廓auricle 耳垂
二、外耳道
成人作外耳道检 查时,向后上方牵拉 耳廓,检查婴儿鼓膜 时,须将耳廓向后下 方牵拉。
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★ Walls of eyeball 眼球壁
Fibrous tunic of eyeball(outer layer) Cornea角膜 角膜 Sclera 巩膜 Vascular tunic of eyeball(middle layer) Iris 虹膜 Ciliary body 睫状体 Choroid 脉络膜 Internal tunic of eyeball(retina-inner layer) Pars iridica retinae 视网膜虹膜部 Pars ciliaris retinae 视网膜睫状体部 Pars optica retinae 视网膜视部
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Visual Organ 视器
900
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Shape of Eyeball
Anterior pole Posterior pole Equator 赤道 an 赤道: imaginary line encircling the eyeball, midway between anterior and posterior poles Optic axis 眼轴 a line 眼轴: joining the two poles Visual axis 视轴 a line 视轴: joining the center of the pupil to the fovea centralis
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Retina 视网膜
★Optic disc 视神经盘 Located medial to posterior pole of eye Consists of optic nerve fibers and central artery of retina Blind spot ★Macula lutea 黄斑 Lies lateral about 3.5 mm to optic disc, a shallow depression, it is completely free of blood vessels and is yellowish in color ★Fovea centralis 中央凹 At Macula lutea’s center Aera of greatest visual acuity (concentration of cones)
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Vascular tunic of eyeball (middle)
★Choroid 脉络膜 Thin, highly vascular in posterior 2/3 of eye Contains brown pigmented cells and dense capillary plexus
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Hale Waihona Puke Retina 视网膜★ Pars caeca retinae 视网膜盲部 Pars iridica retinae 视网膜虹膜部 Pars ciliaris retinae 视网膜睫状体部 ★ Pars optica retinae 视网膜视 部 An outer pigment cell layer Inner neural layer (four layers)
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FOVEA CENTRALIS
Fovea
Region of the retina where light passes almost directly to photoreceptor cells. Region of maximum visual acuity.
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Fibrous tunic of eyeball (outer)
What is Corneal transplantation? In this operation, diseased and opaque cornea is replaced by healthy transparent cornea taken from a donor. The success rate in corneal grafting under optimal conditions is about 90%.
LAYERS OF THE RETINA
Cell bodies of ganglion cells
Cell bodies of bipolar cells
Cell bodies of rods & cones Pigment cells
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Color Blindness
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Fibrous tunic of eyeball (outer)
CORNEAL ULCER 角膜溃疡 角膜溃疡: Cornea is the bright transparent bulging watch glass like cover situated in the front most part in the eye. Cornea becomes hazy and opaque mostly due to ulcers and injury. Corneal injuries are usually due to injuries with a sharp objects, dust, sand or vegetable matter like thorns, leaves etc., What happens to the Ulcer: Only a small scar is formed if the ulcer is treated in the early stage. If treatment is delayed, the ulcer leaves a dense scar, which leads to poor visual prognosis.
A thin, contractile, pigmented sheet with a central opening, the pupil 瞳孔 Sphincter pupillae 瞳孔括约肌 (circular fibers) Dilator pupillae 瞳孔开大肌 (radial fibers) Iridocorneal angle 虹膜角膜角
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Sinus venosus sclerae Ciliary Muscle Iridocorneal angle Dilator Pupillae Sphincter Pupillae
Lens Ciliary zonule Ciliary Processes Ciliary ring
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Dept of Anatomy DZX
Vascular tunic of eyeball (middle)
★Ciliary body 睫状体
Body a ring-shaped thickening anterior to equator, containing smooth muscle fibers called ciliary muscle 睫状肌 Ciliary processes 睫状突 睫状突: are radially arranged folds that are connected to the Ciliary zonule 睫状小带 Ciliary ring 睫状环 is the posterior part of the body
temperature, pain, light and sound from the external environment
The interoceptors 内感受器: pick up information about internal
environment
The proprioceptors 本体感受器: receive stimuli from muscles,
tendons, joints and ligaments
Dept of Anatomy DZX
The Visual Organ 视器
Seeing is believing
?
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Visual Organ 视器
Composition: eyeball accessory organs of eye
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Walls of eyeball 眼球壁
Dept of Anatomy DZX
★Walls of eyeball 眼球壁
Cornea 角膜 Fibrous tunic of eyeball 纤维膜 Sclera 巩膜
Iris 虹膜 Vascular tunic of eyeball 血管膜 Cilliary body 睫状体 Choroid 脉络膜
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Fibrous tunic of eyeball (outer)
★
Cornea 角膜 Anterior 1/6 Nonvascular, transparent portion Richly supplied by nerves Because it is curved, the cornea helps focus light
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Fibrous tunic of eyeball (outer)
★Sclera 巩膜
Posterior 5/6, white of eye, opaque portion Consisting of fibrous connective tissue that forms a tough protective covering for eyeball Sinus venosus sclerae 巩膜静脉窦 which lies beneath the junction of cornea and sclera