textiles back in the mainstream
有关纺织的英文歌
有关纺织的英文歌Textile - An Exploration Through English SongsIntroductionMusic has always been an influential medium for expressing emotions, thoughts, and experiences. In this article, we will delve into the world of textile, an industry deeply woven into the fabric of our lives, through English songs. From celebrating the craftsmanship of textiles to reflecting on the social and cultural impacts, these songs offer a unique perspective on the power and significance of textiles in our society.1. Celebrating Textile CraftsmanshipTextiles are an intricate blend of art and science, reflecting the skill and dedication of craftsmen. Several English songs pay homage to the craftsmanship involved in creating beautiful textiles.One such song is "Fabric of My Life" by Sarah Barailles. Through soulful lyrics and evocative vocals, Barailles eloquently expresses the emotional connection she feels to the fabric of her life. The song captures the essence of textile craftsmanship, highlighting its importance in creating an individual's identity.2. Textiles as a Symbol of Culture and TraditionTextiles often symbolize cultural heritage and traditions, representing a community's identity. Many English songs celebrate the rich tapestry of cultures and the role textiles play in preserving these traditions.In "Silk and Leather" by Jake Bugg, the singer explores the juxtaposition of two distinct textiles to represent different cultures. The song beautifully illustrates the fusion of cultures through the metaphorical use of fabrics, emphasizing how textiles can bridge the gap between diverse communities.3. Textiles and Social ReflectionsBeyond craftsmanship and cultural significance, textiles have always mirrored societal changes and struggles. Many English songs reflect social issues through the lens of textiles, shedding light on the realities faced by textile workers and the larger implications for society."Factory" by Band of Horses captures the hardships faced by workers in textile factories. The song poignantly exposes the struggles of the labor force, highlighting the need for improved working conditions and fair treatment. Through its lyrics, it serves as a reminder of the consequences of neglecting the human side of textile production.4. Textiles and Environmental ConsciousnessIn recent years, the environmental impact of the textile industry has gained attention. Some English songs echo this growing concern and raise awareness about the need for sustainable practices in textile manufacturing."Runaway Fast" by Collibosher presents a cautionary tale of overconsumption and its impact on the environment. It serves as a reminder that our choices as consumers have a direct impact on textile production and the environment. The song encourages us to consider the consequences of our actions and make more sustainable choices.ConclusionThrough the medium of English songs, we have explored various aspects of the textile industry. From celebrating craftsmanship to reflecting on social and environmental impacts, these songs offer a unique perspective on the importance of textiles in our lives. They remind us of the artistry, cultural significance, and social responsibilities associated with the textile industry, shaping our understanding and appreciation for this vital aspect of our society. As we continue to listen and engage with these songs, let us recognize the profound influence textiles have on our lives and take steps towards a more sustainable and inclusive future.。
纺织专业英语试题
纺织专业英语试题1. What are the main processes involved in textile production?The main processes involved in textile production include spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing, printing, and finishing.2. Can you explain the difference between natural and synthetic fibers?Natural fibers are derived from plants or animals, such as cotton, wool, or silk. Synthetic fibers are man-made and are produced from chemical substances, such as polyester, nylon, or acrylic.3. What is the significance of yarn count in textile production?Yarn count refers to the thickness or fineness of a yarn and is a crucial factor in determining the quality and characteristics of the fabric. It is important for ensuring consistency in the production process and achieving the desired fabric properties.4. How does textile dyeing contribute to the overall quality of a fabric?Textile dyeing adds color to the fabric and enhances its aesthetic appeal. It also contributes to the fabric's durability and wash-fastness, ensuring that the color remains vibrant and does not fade easily.5. What are some common finishing processes in textile production?Common finishing processes in textile production include bleaching, mercerizing, calendering, and sanforizing. These processes are essential for improving the fabric's appearance, texture, and performance properties.6. 纺织品生产有哪些主要的流程？纺织品生产的主要流程包括纺纱、织造、针织、染色、印花和整理。
雅思入学测试试卷（真题版）
IELTS Entry Test Paper启德雅思部雅思入学测试试卷雅思入学测试考试日期： 6 考生姓名：6ListeningSECTION 1Questions1-10Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.NOTES - Christmas DinnerExample AnswerName to book for ...45...........................Date of dinner: 21 DecemberChoices for venue:·First choice 1........................... Tel. number: not known·Second choice 2........................... Tel. number: 777192·Third choice 3........................... Tel. number: 4........................Price per person: ￡12Restaurant must have vegetarian food and a 5...........................Menu: First course - French Onion Soup OR Fruit JuiceMain course - Roast Dinner OR 6...........................Dessert - Plum Pudding OR Apple Pie- CoffeeRestaurant requires from us:7........................... and letter of confirmationand we must 8........................... in advance.Must confirm in writing by: 9...........................Put notice in 10................................................SECTION2Questions11-20Questions 11-13Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.MEMBERSHIP OF SPORTS CENTRECost 11 £.........................per12......................Where? 13..........................When? 2 to 6 pm, Monday to ThursdayBring: Union cardPhotoFeeQuestions 14-16Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Always bring sports 14...............................when you come to 15...................or use the Centre'sfacilities.Opening hours 9 am to 10 pm on 16......................10 am to 6 pm on Saturdays50% 'morning discount' 9 am to 12 noon on weekdaysQuestions 17-20Look at the map of the Sports Complex below.Label the buildings on the map of the Sports Complex.Choose your answers from the box below and write them against Questions 17-20.Arts StudioFootball PitchTennis CourtsDance StudioFitness RoomReceptionSquash CourtsSECTION3Questions21-30Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer.YOUNG ELECTRONICENGINEER COMPETITION Name(s) of designer(s): John Brown21 ...........................Age: 22...........................Name of design: 23................................................................................Dimensions of equipment: 24Width Length Depth...........................cm ...........................cm ...........................cmPower: BatterySpecial features: 25...................................................................................26...................................................................................27...................................................................................Cost: parts $528....................... $9.50Other comments: need help to make 29...........................would like to develop range of sizesSend by: 30...........................SECTION4Questions31-40Questions 31-33Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer."NEW" MEAT CAN BE COMPARED TO PROBLEM kangaroo 31........................... 32...........................crocodile chicken fattyostrich 33...........................Questions 34-36Complete the cable belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Questions 37-40Choose the correct letters A-C.37 Ostrich meatA has more protein than beef.B tastes nearly as good as beef.C is very filling.38 One problem with ostrich farming in Britain isA the climate.B the cost of transporting birds.C the price of ostrich eggs.39 Ostrich chicks reared on farmsA must be kept in incubators until mature.B are very independent.C need looking after carefully.40 The speaker suggests ostrich farms are profitable becauseA little initial outlay is required.B farmed birds are very productive.C there is a good market for the meat.ReadingREADING PASSAGE1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-12 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.THE DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOGRARHYThe Department of Ethnography was created as a separate department within the British Museum in 1946, after 140 years of gradual development from the original Department of Antiquities. It is concerned with the people of Africa, the Americas, Asia, the pacific and parts of Europe. While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa, and ancient empires, such as those of the twentieth century focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies. Through its collections, the Department's specific interest is to document how objects are created and used, and to understand their importance and significance to those who produce them. Such objects can include both the extraordinary and the mundane, the beautiful and the banal.The collections of the Department of Ethnography include approximately 300,000 artefacts, of which about half are the product of the present century. The Department has a vital role to play in pro- viding information on non-Western cultures to visitors and scholars. To this end, the collecting emphasis has often been less on individual objects than on groups of mate- rang of a society's cultural expressions. Much of the more recent collecting was carried out in the field, sometimes by Museum staff working on general anthropological projects in collaboration with a wide variety of national governments and other institutions. The material collected includes great technical series-for instance, of textiles from Bolivia. Guatemala, Indonesia and areas of West Africa-or of artefact types such as boats. The latter include working examples of coracles from India, reed boats from lake Titicaca in the Andes, kayaks from the Arctic, and dug-out canoes from several countries. The field assemblages, such as those from the Sudan, Madagascar and Yemen, include a whole range of material culture representative of one people. The might cover the necessities of life of an African herdsman or on Arabian farmer, ritual objects, or even on occasion airport art, Again, a series of acquisitions might represent a decade's fieldwork documenting social experience as expressed in the varieties of clothing and jewellery styles, tents and camel trappings from various Middle Eastern countries, or in the developing preferences in personal adornment and dress from Papua New Guinea. Particularly interesting are a series of collections which continue to document the evolution of ceremony and of material forms for which the Department already possesses early (if not the earliest) collections formed after the first contact with Europeans.The importance of these acquisitions extends beyond the objects themselves. They come to the Museum with documentation of the social context, ideally inc luding photographic records. Such acquisitions have multiple purposes. Most significantly they document for future change. Most people think of the cultures represented in the collection in terms of the absence of advanced technology. in fact. traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth of technological ingenu iry Limited resources and ecological constraints are often overcome by personal skills that would be regarded as exceptional in the West. Of growing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as disposable is, elsewhere, recycled and reused.With the independence of much of Asia and Africa after 1945. it was assumed that economic progress would rapidly lead to the disappearance or assimilation of many small-scale societies. Therefore, it was felt that the Museum should acquire materials representing people whose art or material culture, ritual or political structures were on the point of irrevocable change. This attitude altered with the realisation that marginal communities can survive and adopt in spite of partial integration into a notoriously fickle world economy. Since the seventeenth century, with the advent of trading companies exporting manufactured textiles to North America and Asia, the importation of cheap goods has often contributed to the destruction of local skills and indigenous markets. On the one hand modem imported goods may be used in on everyday setting, while on the other hand. other traditional objects may still be required for ritually significant events. Within this context trade and exchange attitudes are inverted. What are utilitarian objects to a Westerner may be prizedobjects in other cultures- when trans- formed by local ingenuity-principally for aesthetic value. in the same way, the West imports goods form other peoples and in certain circumstances categorises the m as ‘art'.Collections act as an ever-expanding database, not merely for scholars and anthropologists, but for people involved in a whole range of educational and art is tic purposes. These include schools and universities as well as colleges of art and design. The provision of information about non-Western aesthetics and techniques, not just for designers and artists but for all visitors, is a growing responsibility for a Department whose own context is an increasingly multicultural European society.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passageExample AnswerThe Department of Ethnography FALSEreplaced the Department of Antiquitiesat the British Museum.1 The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and Europe.2 The Department of Ethnography focuses mainly on modern societies.3 The Department concentrates on collecting single unrelated objects of great value.4 The textile collection of the Department of Ethnography is the largest in the world.5 Traditional societies are highly inventive in terms of technology.6 Many small-scale societies have survived and adapted in spite of predictions to the contrary.Questions 7-12Some of the exhibits at the Department of Ethnography are listed below (Questions 7-12).The writer gives these exhibits as examples of different collection types.Match each exhibit with the collection type with which it is associated in Reading Passage 1.Write the appropriate letters in boxes 7-12 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any collection type more than once.Collection TypesAT A rtefact T ypesEC E volution of C eremonyFA F ield A ssemblagesSE S ocial E xperienceTS T echnical S eriesExample AnswerBoats AT7 Bolivian textiles8 Indian coracles9 airport art10 Arctic kayaks11 necessities of life of an Arabian farmer12 tents from the Middle EastREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 13-25 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 13-15Reading Passage 2 has six sections A-F.Choose the most suitable headings for sections A, B and D from the list of headings below.Write the appropriate numbers i-vii in boxes 13-15 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Amazonia as unable to sustain complexsocietiesii The role of recent technology in ecologicalresearch in Amazoniaiii The hostility of the indigenous populationto North American influencesiv Recent evidencev Early research among the Indian Amazonsvi The influence of prehistoric inhabitants onAmazonian natural historyvii The great difficulty of changing localattitudes and practices13 Section A14 Section BExample AnswerSection C iv15 Section DSecrets of the ForestA In 1942 Allan R Holmberg, a doctoral student in anthropology from Yale University, USA, ventured deep into the jungle of Bolivian Amazonia and searched out an isolated band of Siriono Indians. The Siriono, Holmberg later wrote, led a "strikingly backward" existence. Their villages were little more than clusters of thatched huts. Life itself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. When local resources became depleted, the tribe moved on. As for technology, Holmberg noted, the Siriono "may be classified among the most handicapped peoples of the world". Other than bows, arrows and crude digging sticks, the only tools the Siriono seemed to possess were "two machetes worn to the size of pocket-knives".B Although the lives of the Siriono have changed in the intervening decades, the image of them as Stone Age relics has endured. Indeed, in many respects the Siriono epitomize the popular conception of life in Amazonia. To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless, unconquerable,a habitat totally hostile to human civilization. The apparent simplicity of Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology, living proof that Amazonia could not - and cannot - sustain a more complex society. Archaeological traces of far more elaborate cultures have been dismissed as the ruins of invaders from outside the region, abandoned to decay in the uncompromising tropical environment.C The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously consequential if it were true. But the human history of Amazonia in the past 11,000 years betrays that view as myth. Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and archaeology indicates that the region has supported a series of indigenous cultures for eleven thousand years; an extensive network of complex societies - some with populations perhaps as large as 100,000 - thrived there for more than 1,000 years before the arrival of Europeans. (Indeed, some contemporary tribes, including the Siriono, still live among the earthworks of earlier cultures.) Far from being evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric Amazonian people developed technologies and cultures that were advanced for their time. If the lives of Indians today seem "primitive", the appearance is not the result of some environmental adaptation or ecological barrier; rather it is a comparatively recent adaptation to centuries of economic and political pressure. Investigators who argue otherwise have unwittingly projected the present onto the past.D The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologists have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approac h that leaves people out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.E The realization comes none too soon. In June 1992 political and environmental leaders from across the world met in Rio de Janeiro to discuss how developing countries can advance their economies without destroying their natural resources. The challenge is especially difficult in Amazonia. Because the tropical forest has been depicted as ecologically unfit forlarge-scale human occupation, some environmentalists have opposed development of any kind. Ironically, one major casualty of that extreme position has been the environment itself. While policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation, development of the most destructive kind has continued apace over vast areas.F The other major casualty of the "naturalism" of environmental scientists has been the indigenous Amazonians, whose habits of hunting, fishing, and slash-and-burn cultivation often have been represented as harmful to the habitat. In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence is in fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most. The new understanding of the pre-history of Amazonia, however, points toward a middle ground. Archaeology makes clear that with judicious management selected parts of the region could support more people than anyone thought before. The long-buried past, it seems, offers hope for the future.Questions 16-21Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 16-21 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about thisExample AnswerThe prehistoric inhaditants of NOAmazonia were relatively backward intechnological terms.16 The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonia has always been unable to support a more complex society.17 There is a crucial popular misconception about the human history of Amazonia.18 There are lessons to be learned from similar ecosystems in other parts of the world.19 Most ecologists were aware that the areas of Amazonia they were working in had been shaped by human settlement.20 The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest.21 It would be possible for certain parts of Amazonia to support a higher population.Questions 22-25Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet.22 In 1942 the US anthropology student concluded that the SirionoA were unusually aggressive and cruel.B had had their way of life destroyed by invaders.C were an extremely primitive society.D had only recently made permanent settlements.23 The author believes recent discoveries of the remains of complex societies in AmazoniaA are evidence of early indigenous communities.B are the remains of settlements by invaders.C are the ruins of communities established since the European invasions.D show the region has only relatively recently been covered by forest.24 The assumption that the tropical ecosystem of Amazonia has been created solely by natural forcesA has often been questioned by ecologists in the past.B has been shown to be incorrect by recent research.C was made by Peter Feinsinger and other ecologists.D has led to some fruitful discoveries.25 The application of our new insights into the Amazonian past wouldA warn us against allowing any development at all.B cause further suffering to the Indian communities.C change present policies on development in the region.D reduce the amount of hunting, fishing, and 'slash-and-burn'.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 26-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.HIGHS & LOWSHormone levels - and hence our moods - may be affected by the weather. Gloomy weather can cause depression, but sun- shine appears to raise the spirits. In Britain, for example, the dull weather of winter drastically cuts down the amount of sunlight that is experienced which strongly affects some people. They become so depressed and lacking in energy that their work and social life are affected. This condition has been given the name SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder), Sufferers can fight back by making the most of any sunlight in winter and by spending a few hours each day under special, full-spectrum lamps. These provide more ultraviolet and blue- green light than ordinary fluorescent and tungsten lights. Some Russian scientists claim that children learn better after being exposed to ultraviolet light. In warm countries, hours of work are of ten arranged so that workers can take a break, or even a siesta, during the hottest part of the day. Scientists are working to discover the links between the weather and human beings' moods and performance.It is generally believed that tempers grow shorter in hot, muggy weather. There is no doubt that 'crimes against the person' rise in the summer, when the weather is hotter and fall in the winter when the weather is colder. Research in the United States has shown a relation- ship between temperature and street riots. The frequency of riots rises dramatically as the weather gets warmer, hitting a peak around 27-30~C. But is this effect really due to a mood change caused by the heat? Some scientists argue that trouble starts more Often in hot weather merely because there are more people in the street when the weather is good.Psychologists have also studied how being cold affects performance. Re- searchers compared divers working in icy cold water at 5~C with others in water at 20~C (about swimming pool temperature). The colder water made the divers worse at simple arithmetic and other mental tasks. But significantly, their performance was impaired as soon as they were put into the cold water - before their bodies had time to cool down. This suggests that the low temperature did not slow down mental functioning directly, but the feeling of cold distracted the divers from their tasks.Psychologists have conducted studies showing that people become less secptical and more optimistic when the weather is sunny. However, this apparently does not just depend on the temperature. An American psychologist studied customers in a temperature- controlled restaurant. They gave bigger tips when the sun was shining and smaller tips when it wasn't, even though the temperature in the restaurant was the same. Alink between weather and mood is made believable by the evidence for a connection between behaviour and the length of the daylight hours. This in turn might involve the level of a hormone called melatonin, produced in the pineal gland in the brain. The amount of melatonin falls with greater exposure to daylight. Research shows that melatonin plays an important part in the seasonal behaviour of certain animals. For example, food consumption of stags increases during the winter, reaching a peak in February/ March. It falls again to a low point in May, then rises to a peak in September, before dropping to another minimum in November. These changes seem to be triggered by varying melatonin levels.In the laboratory, hamsters put on more weight when the nights are getting shorter and their melatonin levels are falling. On the other hand, if they are given injections of melatonin, they will stop eating altogether. It seems that time cues provided by the changing lengths of day and night trigger changes in animals' behaviour - changes that are needed to cope with the cycle of the seasons. People's moods too, have been shown to react to the length of the day- light hours. Sceptics might say that longer exposure to sunshine puts people in a better mood because they associate it with the happy feelings of holidays and freedom from responsibility, However, the belief that rain and murky weather make people more unhappy is borne out by a study in Belgium, which showed that a telephone counselling service gets more telephone calls from people with suicidal feelings when it rains.When there is a thunderstorm brewing, some people complain of the air being 'heavy' and of feeling irritable, moody and on edge. They may be reacting to the fact that the air can become slightly positively c harged when large thunderclouds are generating the intense electrical fields that cause lightning flashes. The positive charge increases the levels of serotonin (a chemical involved in sending signals in the nervous system). High levels of serotonin in certain areas of the nervous system make people more active and reactive and, possibly, more aggressive. When certain winds are blowing, such as the Mistral in southern France and the Fshn in southern Germany, mood can be affected - and the number of traffic accidents rises. It may be significant that the concentration of positively charged particles is greater than normal in these winds. In the United Kingdom, 400,000 ionizers are sold every year. These small machines raise the number of negative ions in the air in a room. Many people claim they feel better in negatively charged air.Questions 26-28Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 26-28 on your answer sheet.26 Why did the divers perform less well in colder conditions?A They were less able to concentrate.B Their body temperature fell too quickly.C Their mental functions were immediately affected by the cold.D They were used to swimming pool conditions.27 The number of daylight hoursA affects the performance of workers in restaurants.B influences animal feeding habits.C makes animals like hamsters more active.D prepares humans for having greater leisure time.28 Human irritability may be influenced byA how nervous and aggressive people are.B reaction to certain weather phenomena.C the number of ions being generated by machines.D the attitude of people to thunderstorms.Questions 29-34Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 29-34 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage29 Seasonal Affective Disorder is disrupting children's education in Russia.30 Serotonin is an essential cause of human aggression.31 Scientific evidence links 'happy associations with weather' to human mood.32 A link between depression and the time of year has been established.33 Melatonin levels increase at certain times of the year.34 Positively charged ions can influence eating habits.Questions 35-37According to the text which THREE of the following conditions have been scientifically proved to have a psychological effect on humans?Choose THREE letters A-G and write them in boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet,A lack of negative ionsB rainy weatherC food consumptionD high serotonin levelsE sunny weatherF freedom from worryG lack of counselling facilitiesQuestions 38-40Complete each of the following statements with the best ending from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.38 It has been established that social tension increases significantly in the United States I during ...39 Research has shown that a hamster's bodyweight increases according to its exposure to...40 Animals cope with changing weather and food availability because they are influenced by...A daylightB hot weatherC melatoninD moderate temperaturesE poor co-ordinationF time cuesG impaired performanceWritingWRITING TASK1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words._________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________。
纺织知识点英语总结
纺织知识点英语总结IntroductionTextiles are materials made from fibers, yarns, or fabrics which are used for various purposes such as clothing, home accessories, industrial products, and more. The textile industry is one of the oldest and most widespread industries in the world, with a rich history and diverse range of products. In this article, we will discuss some important knowledge points related to textiles, including the types of fibers, yarns, fabrics, and textile manufacturing processes.Types of FibersFibers are the basic raw materials used to make textiles. They can be natural or synthetic and are classified based on their source and properties.Natural Fibers:1. Cotton: Cotton is a soft, fluffy fiber that grows in a boll around the seeds of the cotton plant. It is the most widely used natural fiber and is known for its breathability and absorbency, making it ideal for clothing and home textiles.2. Wool: Wool is derived from the fleece of sheep and other animals such as goats and alpacas. It is known for its warmth, elasticity, and moisture-wicking properties, making it suitable for cold-weather clothing and cozy home textiles.3. Silk: Silk is a natural protein fiber produced by silkworms. It is lustrous, strong, and has a smooth texture, making it a luxury material for clothing and high-end fabrics.4. Linen: Linen is made from the fibers of the flax plant and is valued for its natural luster, strength, and coolness, making it popular for summer clothing and home linens. Synthetic Fibers:1. Polyester: Polyester is a synthetic fiber made from petroleum-based chemicals. It is known for its durability, wrinkle resistance, and quick-drying properties, making it suitable for a wide range of applications including clothing, home textiles, and industrial products.2. Nylon: Nylon is a synthetic polymer fiber that is strong, lightweight, and abrasion-resistant. It is commonly used in athletic wear, hosiery, and outerwear due to its stretch and moisture-wicking properties.3. Acrylic: Acrylic is a synthetic fiber that closely resembles wool in its softness and warmth. It is often used as a wool substitute in clothing and home textiles.4. Rayon: Rayon is a semi-synthetic fiber made from cellulose derived from wood pulp or bamboo. It has a smooth texture and is often used in clothing and home textiles for its draping and softness.YarnsYarns are made by twisting or spinning fibers together to form a continuous strand. There are different types of yarns based on their construction, twist, and thickness.Types of Yarns:1. Single Yarn: A single yarn is made by twisting a set of fibers together. It is the simplest form of yarn and is used in making lightweight, airy fabrics.2. Ply Yarn: Ply yarn is made by twisting two or more single yarns together. It is used to create thicker, stronger fabrics and is commonly used in knitting and weaving.3. Textured Yarn: Textured yarns are produced with added crimps, loops, or twists to create interesting textures and visual effects in fabrics.4. Filament Yarn: Filament yarn is made from long continuous strands of fibers. It is smooth, strong, and often used in making shiny, lustrous fabrics.FabricsFabrics are made by weaving, knitting, or felting yarns together to create a flexible, cohesive material. There are various types of fabrics based on their construction, properties, and uses.Types of Fabrics:1. Woven Fabrics: Woven fabrics are made by interlacing two sets of yarns at right angles. They are strong, durable, and have a distinct grain. Common types of woven fabrics include cotton, denim, twill, and satin.2. Knitted Fabrics: Knitted fabrics are made by interlocking loops of yarn. They are stretchy, flexible, and comfortable to wear. Common types of knitted fabrics include jersey, rib, and interlock.3. Nonwoven Fabrics: Nonwoven fabrics are made by bonding or felting fibers together without weaving or knitting. They are used in applications such as disposable products, geotextiles, and filtration materials.4. Felted Fabrics: Felted fabrics are made by matting and pressing fibers together. They are thick, dense, and often used in crafting, insulation, and padding materials.Textile Manufacturing ProcessesTextile manufacturing involves various processes including spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing, and finishing to produce a wide range of textiles.Spinning: Spinning is the process of converting fibers into yarns by twisting or spinning them together. It can be done using different spinning techniques such as ring spinning, open-end spinning, and friction spinning.Weaving: Weaving is the process of interlacing two sets of yarns to create a fabric. It can be done on different types of looms including hand looms, power looms, and jacquard looms.Knitting: Knitting is the process of creating fabrics by interlocking loops of yarn. It can be done by hand or on knitting machines using different knitting techniques such as warp knitting and weft knitting.Dyeing: Dyeing is the process of adding color to textiles using dyes. It can be done using different dyeing methods such as direct dyeing, vat dyeing, and piece dyeing to achieve a wide range of colors and effects.Finishing: Finishing is the final step in textile manufacturing where the fabrics are treated to improve their appearance, hand feel, and performance. It involves processes such as bleaching, mercerizing, and calendering.ConclusionTextiles are an essential part of our daily lives, providing us with clothing, shelter, and comfort. Understanding the various types of fibers, yarns, fabrics, and textile manufacturing processes is crucial for anyone involved in the textile industry or interested in textiles as a hobby. By having a good knowledge of textiles, we can appreciate the craftsmanship and innovation behind the diverse range of textile products available in the market.。
专题07(语法填空全国通用) 期终专辑原卷版 2022届高三英语百所名校好题分类快递(1月)
河北省保定市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
Nowadays, Chinesepeople____36____（impress）by the progress of our country, which is extremely exciting. We____37____（make）great progress in science and technology in the past decades, especially the progress in space exploration. We conquered the space, and the conquestrepresents a visible proof of our nation’s____38____（strong）.
China’s factory outputs extend from textiles（纺织业）to railway, planes and computers. China is the largest producer of inexpensive cotton textiles in the world and exports large____40____（quantity）of textiles and clothes. Food processing is very important, and much farm produce is exported. Other industrial products___41___（include）television sets, bicycles, cars, trucks and washing machines are expanding in the world.
外贸英语服装行业面料专业术语纺织面料
外贸英语服装行业面料专业术语纺织面料靛蓝青年布：Indigo chambray人棉布植绒：Rayon cloth flocking PVC植绒：PVC flocking针织布植绒：Knitting cloth flocking珠粒绒：Claimond veins倒毛：Down pile making平绒：velveteen (velvet-plain) 仿麂皮：Micro suede牛仔皮植绒：Jeans flocking尼丝纺：Nylon taffeta (Nylon shioze)尼龙塔夫泡泡纱：Nylon seersucker taffeta素面植绒：plain flocking 印花植绒：flocking(flower)雕印植绒：Embossing flocking皮革沟底植绒：Leather imitation flocking牛仔植绒雕印：Embossing jeans flocking兔羊绒大衣呢：Angora cachmere overcoating双面呢：double-faced woolen goods 羊毛立绒呢：cut velvet顺毛呢：over coating粗花呢：costume tweed弹力呢：lycra woolen goods塔丝绒： Nylon taslon塔丝绒格子：N/Taslon ripstop桃皮绒：polyester peach skin涤塔夫：polyester taffeta春亚纺：polyester pongee超细麦克布：Micro fiber锦棉稠(平纹)：Nylon-cotton fabric (plain)重平锦棉稠：Nylon-cotton-cotton fabric(double weft)人字锦棉纺：Nylon-cotton fabric 斜纹锦棉纺：Nylon-cotton fabric (twill)素色天鹅绒：solid velvet抽条磨毛天鹅绒：Rib fleece velvet 雪花天鹅绒：melange velvet轧花天鹅绒：ginning velvet粒粒绒布：pellet fleece velvet麻棉混纺布：linen/cotton blended fabric 麻棉交织布：linen/cotton mixed fabric素色毛巾布：solid terry蚂蚁布：fleece in one side素色卫衣布：solid fleece鱼网布：fleece彩条汗布：color-stripes single jerseyT/R弹力布：T/R bengalineT/C色织格子布：T/C solid check fabric弹力仿麂皮：Micro suede with spandexT/R仿麂皮：T/R Micro suede仿麂皮瑶粒绒复合布：100%polyester micro suede bounding with polar fleece仿麂皮针织布复合：100% polyester bounding with knitting micro suede fabric仿麂皮羊羔绒复合布：100% polyester micro suede bounding with lamb fur 蜡光缎：cire satine全消光尼丝纺：Full dull nylon taffeta半消光尼丝纺：semi-dull nylon taffeta亮光尼龙：Trilobal nylon全消光塔丝隆：Full dull nylon taslan全消光牛津布：full dull nylon oxford尼龙格：Nylon rip-stop塔丝隆格：Taslan rip-stop 哑富迪：Full dull Micro polyester pongee全消光春亚纺：Full dull polyester pongee春亚纺格子：polyester pongee rip-stop全消光涤纶桃皮绒：Full dull polyester peach宽斜纹桃皮绒：Big twill polyester peach涤锦复合桃皮绒：poly/nylon peach 涤纶格子：polyester taffeta rip-stop涤纶蜂巢塔丝隆：polyester honey taslan全消光涤纶低弹牛津布：Full dull poly textured oxford涤锦交织桃皮绒：Nylon/polyester inter-woven peachREVERSE SIDE 反面RE-WASHING 返洗READY-TO-WEAR 成衣蒸化(aging)自动筛网印花(automatic screen printing)满地印花(blotch print)烂花印花(burn—out prints)涪烘(curing)直接印花(direct prints)拔染印花(discharge prints)干法印花(dry prints)双面印花(duplex prints)静电荷(electrostatic charge)静电植绒(electrostatic flocking)按特殊要求印花(engineered print)叠印 (fall on)平板(flatbed)植绒印花(flock printing)植绒(flocking)半色调或中间色调(halftone)手工筛网印花(hand screen printing)热转移印花(heat--transfer printing)喷射印花(jet printing)机械植绒(mechanical flocking)罩印(over print)印花色浆(print paste)印花对花准确／对花不准(print register／off register)对花(registration)防染印花(resist printing)滚筒印花(roller printing)圆形筛网印花或圆网印花(rotary screen printing)筛网印花(screen printing)打样(strike off)热转移印花(thermal transfer printing)经纱印花(warp prints)湿罩干印花(wet—On—dry)湿罩湿印花(wet—On—wet)湿法印花(wet prints)制作精巧 skillful manufacture 工艺精良 sophisticated technology最新工艺 latest technology加工精细 finely processed设计精巧 deft design造型新颖 modern design造型优美 beautiful design设计合理 professional design造型富丽华贵 luxuriant in design结构合理 rational construction款式新颖 attractive design款式齐全 various styles式样优雅 elegant shape花色入时 fashionable patterns任君选择 for your selection 五彩缤纷 colorful色彩艳丽 beautiful in colors色泽光润 color brilliancy色泽素雅 delicate colors瑰丽多彩 pretty and colorful洁白透明 pure white and translucence洁白纯正 pure whiteness品质优良 excellentquality(high quality)质量上乘 superior quality质量稳定 stable quality质量可靠 reliable quality品种繁多 wide varieties规格齐全 complete in specifications保质保量 quality and quantity assured性能可靠 dependable performance操作简便 easy and simple to handle使用方便 easy to use经久耐用 durable in use以质优而闻名 well-known for its fine quality数量之首 The king of quantity质量最佳 The queen of quality信誉可靠 reliable reputation闻名世界 world-wide renowm久负盛名 to have a long standing reputation誉满中外 to enjoy high reputation at home and abroad 历史悠久 to have a long history畅销全球 selling well all over the world深受欢迎 to win warm praise from customers增白： WHITE / SNOW WHITE特黑： BLACK / JET BLACK奶白： IVORY/ECRU/OFF WHITE/CREAM 大红： RED紫红： BORDEAUX/WINE紫色： BURGUNDY/PLUM/VIOLET/PURPLE 绿色： GREEN灰色： GREY玉色： OYSTER/PEACH黄色： YELLOW卡其： KAHKI雪青： LILAC 古铜色： BROWN梅红： FUSCHIA墨绿： CHARCOAL豆绿： OLIVE藏青： NAVY/BLUE天蓝： SKY BLUE粉红： PINK米色： BEIGE橘黄： ORANGE驼色： CAMEL[color=Orange][size=2]产品包装方面： [/size][/color]卷杆： RILLING/WINDING散装： LOOSE PACKING编织袋： WEAVING BAG纸箱： CARTON木箱： WODEN CASE中性包装： NEUTRAL PACKING单幅卷杆： ROLLED ON TUBES IN OPEN WIDTH双幅卷杆： DOUBLE FOLDED ON ROLLS 双幅折板： DOUBLE FOLDED ON BOARD 腰封： PAPER TAPES纸管： TUBE吊牌： LABLE / HANG TAG唛头： SHIPPING MARK船样： SHIPPING SAMPLE塑料袋： POLY BAG匹长： ROLL LENGTH拼匹： ROLL WITH SEWING / ROLL WITH JOIN拼箱： LCL 整箱： FCL出口包装： EXPORT PACKING涂银： SILVER烫金： GOLD PRINT磨毛： BRUSHED起皱： CRINKED/ CREPED硬挺： STIFFENING抗静电： ANTI-STATIC抗起球： ANTI-PILLING防羽绒： DOWN PROOF防霉： ANTI-FUNGUS免烫： WASH AND WEAR砂洗： STONE WASHED阻燃： FLAM RETARDANT环保染色： AZO FREE / NO AZO防水： W/P （ WATER SHRINKAGE ）里料： LINING面料：FABRIC平纹： TAFFETA斜纹： TWILL缎面： SATIN / CHARMEUSE 绡： LUSTRINE提花： JACQUARD烂花： BURNT-OUT春亚纺：PONGEE格子： CHECK条子： STRIPE双层： DOUBLE – LAYER双色： TWO – TONE花瑶： FAILLE弹力布：SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/LYCRA 牛仔布： JEANET牛津布： OXFORD帆布： CAMBRIC涤棉：P/C涤捻： T/R白条纺： WHITE STRIPE黑条纺： BLACK STRIPE空齿纺： EMPTY STRIPE人字锦棉纺：Nylon-cotton fabric 斜纹锦棉纺：Nylon-cotton fabric (twill)麻棉混纺布：linen/cotton blended fabric麻棉交织布：linen/cotton mixed fabric涤纶：PLOYESTER锦纶：NYLON/POLYAMIDE醋酸：ACETATE棉：COTTON人棉：RAYON人丝：VISCOSE仿真丝：IMITATED SILK FABRIC真丝：SILK氨纶：SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/LYCRA 长丝： FILAMENT短纤： SPUN黑丝：BLACK YARN原纱、本色纱：gray yarn坯布、本色布：gray fabric纺纱：spinning纱支：yarn count经纱：warp纬纱：weft 经密：ends per inch纬密：picks per inch织物结构：fabric construction布宽：fabric width单幅：single width双幅：double width天然纤维：natural fiber复合纤维：conjugated yarn长纤维：filament短纤维：cut staple,spun混纺纱：blended yarn交织：cross weave被子：Quilt; Duvet（充羽毛、绒制成的）被壳：Comforter Shell传统式枕套：Pillow Sham开口式枕套：Pillow Case靠垫：Cushion帷幔：Valance窗帘：Curtain闺枕：Boudoir Pillow圆抱枕：Neck Roll被单：Bed Sheet包被单：Sheet床单：Flat Sheet床罩：Fitted Sheet; Bed Skirt 枕巾：Pillow Towel桌布：Tablecloth盖毯：Throw毛毯：Woolen Blanket毛巾毯：Towel Blanket睡袋：Sleeping bag; Fleabag home textil家纺bedding 床上用品quilt 被子comforter胖被duvet cove被套quilt cover 被套comforter shell被壳sheet set床单套flat sheet床单套fitted sheet 床垫套pillowcase 西式枕（美）sham 中式枕（美）housewife pillowcase西式枕（英）oxford pillowcase中式枕（英）university 大学bed skirt床裙petti skirt床裙(加拿大) mattress床垫(toss) pillow 靠垫/抱枕cushion cover 靠垫壳breakfast cushion 早餐枕bumper床帷子table cloth台布placemat 盘垫runner长条doily杯垫oval椭圆的oblong长方的square正方的round圆的kitchen厨房oven mitt微波炉手套pot holder锅垫hotpot火锅window 窗window treatment 窗上用品panel大窗帘drapery大窗帘tieback绑带tier小窗帘valance帘头swag三角帘sca**窗幔*scot valance倒三角帘shade遮光帘blind遮光帘Accessory附件trimming饰边tassel 吊苏fringe排苏button扣子stud暗扣zipper拉链thread线rayon人丝线metallic thread金属线tape带子ribbon丝带，缎带lace蕾丝，花边cord线绳twist粗绳elastics松紧带sequin亮片bead 珠子label标签care label水洗标sewn-in label水洗标woven label织标printed label印刷标签***** sticker不干胶纸帖law label法律标barcode条形码carton label箱帖carton纸箱swing tag 吊牌hang tag吊牌master carton外箱inner carton内箱vinyl bag PVC袋handle 提手gusset加高folding board垫板insert 彩卡package包装case pack装箱数shipping mark唛头main mark主唛side mark 侧唛container集装箱seal number封号dimension尺寸measurement尺寸design 设计designer设计者style风格description描述ricrac水浪带association协会store 商店department store 百货公司speciality store专卖店discount store折扣店supermarket 超市chain store连锁店importer进口商exporter出口商vendor卖主，供应商agency代理商manufacturer制造商，厂商supplier供货方factory工厂mill工厂retailer零售商[/size][/color]纺织原料 textile raw materials天然纤维 natural fibre化学纤维 chemical fibre植物纤维 vegetable fibre纺织纤维 textile fibre人造纤维 man made fibre动物纤维 animal fibre罗纹针织物 rib knit fabric双反面针织物 purl fabric长毛绒针织物 high pile knitted fabric提花针织物 jacquard knitted fabric 多梳栉经编针织物 multi-ba* **bric 树脂衬 resin interlining麻布胸衬 breast canvas 树脂领衬 resin collar interlining 绒布胸衬 breast fleece热熔衬 fusible interlining粘合衬 adhesive-bonded interlining 双面粘合衬 double-faced adhesive interlining无纺布衬 non-woven interlining无纺粘合衬 non-woven adhesive interlining有纺粘合衬 adhesive woreninterlinging黑炭衬 hair interlining马尾衬 horsehair interlining化纤衬 chemical fibre interlining 针织衬 knitted interlining2.填料棉花 cotton人造棉 artificial cotton喷胶棉 polyester wadding丝棉 silk wadding腈纶棉 acrylic staple fibre 羽绒 down3.线、扣、拉链线 thread棉线 cotton thread丝线 silk thread尼龙线 nylon thread装饰线 ornamental thread钮 button四目扣 four-hole button装饰纽扣 decorative button 异形扣 special-shaped button 塑料扣 plastic button 玻璃扣 glass button子母扣，四合扣 snap button拉链 zipper尼龙拉链 nylon zipper涤纶拉链 polyester zipper双头拉链 zipper with doublesliders装饰带 fashion tape罗纹 rib家纺英语的专业术语（中英文对照）产品色彩风格/Color and style of the products产品结构分类/Product structure classification套件主题 / themes of each set 产品生产规格 / Production specification专卖店陈列 / stand alone displaying产品需求比例/Proportion of products demand产品风格 Style of the products 典雅 CLASSIC精致 FANCY舒适 ELEGANT春夏产品色彩 Main color of the products in Spring and summer秋冬产品色彩 Main color of the products in autumn and winter产品高贵色彩 COLORS FOR HIGH-END PRODUCTS9-儿童类9-children’s sets 10-夏凉产品 10-summer household products印花/ Print Programs 绣花 / Embroidered Programs 提花 / Jacquard Programs蕾丝 / Lace Programs婚庆 / Wedding Sets盖被绣花 Fully embroidered throws枕边绣花 Embroidered pillow cases被面绣花 Embroidered duvet covers被套：duvet cover有边枕套：pillow shame无边枕套：pillow case床单：sheet床裙：bed skirt盖被：throw被芯：duvet睡衣：pajamas抱枕：cushion小件产品：basic set 里料 lining面料fabric平纹 taffeta斜纹 twill牛仔布 jeanet牛津布 oxford帆布 cambric涤棉 P/C涤捻 T/R白条纺 white stripe 黑条纺 black stripe 涤纶polyester锦纶nylon/polyamide 醋酸acetate棉 cottonretailer零售商wholesale*批发商**bric面料cotton棉布polyester涤Linen亚麻ramie苎麻silk真丝mulberry silk桑蚕丝dupioni双宫绸linen/viscose麻粘布percale高纱支sateen缎纹布satin佳丽缎sheer透明面料voile薄纱organdy薄纱organza硬纱taffeta塔夫绸corduroy灯芯绒faux suede麂皮绒velvet天鹅绒sew缝cut 剪finish整理iron整烫ruffle 自由折box pleat对脸折seam 接缝seam allowance缝头hem卷边face/front 面back/reverse底filling/batting/wadding 填充物棉子needle针opening/closure开口button closure纽扣封口zipper closure 拉链封口hidden zipper暗拉链flange飞边scallop荷叶边layout布局scatter分散的horizontal水平的vertical垂直的cuff/.hem西式枕的复边programme项目project项目order订单purchase order(P.O.)订单negotiate谈判approve/confirm确认production生产bulk production 批量生产mass production大规模生产manager经理general manager总经理director董事，主管flight航班forwarder货代consolidator集运公司、人inspection检验audit审查，验厂list一览表，清单namelist名单cost成本price价格quote报价quotation报价quota配额duty税freight运费commission佣金distribution center配货中心review查看shipping出运delivery发货register注册cubic meter立方米square meter平方米foot英尺inch英寸centimeter厘米file文件attachment附件catalogue目录warehouse仓库standard标准quality质量quantity数量team/group组，队sample样品comment意见change/amend更改exclusive专门logo标志picture/photo图片finish后处理pre-treatment前处理content成分bleach漂白width 幅宽fabric weight面料克重construction组织结构screen网（平网/圆网印花）mercerize 丝光sanding 磨光soften 柔软seersucker 泡泡纱wash 水洗launder.(动词) 洗涤laundry.（名词）水洗woven 梭织的，机织的knit 针织的hand wash手洗dry clean 干洗machine wash 机洗flammability 阻燃性appearance retention 外观持久性dimension stability 尺寸稳定性[/size][/colorassociation协会store 商店department store 百货公司speciality store专卖店discount store折扣店supermarket 超市chain store连锁店importer进口商exporter出口商vendor卖主，供应商agency代理商manufacturer制造商，厂商supplie*供货方**ctory工厂mill工厂。
新一代大学英语发展篇视听说教程1答案
新一代大学英语发展篇视听说教程1答案Unit 1 Human relations and interpersonal skillsListening and Speaking1-1 How to apologizeListening and understandingListening and understanding-11) F2) C3) A4) G5) B6) E7) DListening and understanding-21) eating humble pie2) make amends3) have a word4) looking for an argument5) holding something back6) make it up to7) clear the air8) face the music9) move on10) old wounds to resurface1-2 Making new friendsListening and understandingListening and understanding-11.B2.A3.A4.B5.D6.CListening and understanding-21) She felt anonymous and it was a devastating feeling.2) She joined a gym and a community garden, took yoga classes and visited a teahouse.3) She complimented her hair.4) They both liked to work with textiles and to write.5) She invited the woman to her house for coffee.6) To find out whether it is possible to forge an intimate friendship quickly.7.I..slo.an.reciproca.way.I.w.disclos.to.muc.to.fast.w.pu.someon.off.8.Ms.Hanove.hinte.abou..sa.tim.i.he.ow.lif.an.Ms.Madriga.share..stor.abou.th.en.o .he.firs.marriag.an.ho.sh.ha.t.rebuil.he.lif.afterward.1-3 Family relationshipListening and understanding1) ran into2) reply3) watching for4) still5) barked at6) little heart broken7) harshly8) calm9) spoil10) knelt11) picked12) napkin13) whispered14) huggedViewing and Speaking1-4 My long-distance relationship storyViewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) C2) B3) C4) A5) B6) B7) D1-5 Should we trust our first impression ?Viewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) A2) B3) A4) B5) B6) AViewing and understanding-21) lasting impressions2) stable character traits3) consistent patterns4) very positive, highly moral5) true character6) abilities and competencies, competencies and abilities7) miss the net8) less frequent9) weigh more heavily10) inconsistent with11) out of the ordinary12) bad behaviors, bad behaviours13) basically good14) more plentifulProject1-6 Unit projectUnit projectImproving interpersonal relationship u2013 Knowing myself and knowing others参考:.a.doin.ver.well,i.e.ver.satisfactorily.i.m.relationshi.wit.al.th.peopl.i.th. tabl.excep.wit.stranger.sometimes..ten.t.kee..distanc.fro.them.becaus..don'.kno. them.Fo.thos..trust..a.considere..friendl.an.helpfu.guy..nee.t.improv.m.relationshi.wit.m.teachers..neve.cha.wit.them,especiall.th.profes sor.i.college..don'.mea..don'.wan.t.b.friend.wit.them..d.respec.them.Bu..jus.rega r.the.a.authoritie.i.class,an.no.ou.equals.An..a.no.sur.whethe.the.wan.t.sta.clos .参考:work.Firstly.ba.relation.lik.mi sunderstandin.an.distrus.brin..lo.o.conflic.an.confusio.t.one'.lif.an.work.Secon .W.als.nee.feedbac.o.ou.mistake.s. tha.w.ca.improv.ourselves.Whe.w.mee.wit.difficulties.w.nee.others'hel.an.encoura gement.I.w.d.no.hav..health.relationship.w.can'.expec.other.t.d.these.Thirdly.te amwor.i.essentia.i..lo.o.situations.Whil.student.a.schoo.ca.ofte.finis.thei.scho olwor.alone.i.i.rlyimpossibl.a.th.workplace.no.eve.a.home.Therefore.health.relationship.pla..critic a.rol.i.ou.dail.life.Fo.health.relationship.t.develop.ther.ar.som.qualitie.tha.ar.essential:respec.fo. others.self-municatio.skills. bein.considerat.o.others.no.bein.to.critical.treatin.othe.peopl.a.equals.fairness .tolerance,cooperation.etc.I.w.ca.lear.t.develo.thes.importan.qualities,.a.sur.th a.ou.interpersona.relationship.wil.improv.greatly.A.youn.men.w.easil.fin.faul.wit.others.Bu.w.shoul.realiz.tha.w.ourselve.hav..lo.o .shortcomings.Fo.example.w.ofte.wan.thing.ou.ow.way.W.ar.ofte.inconsiderat.o.othe plai.abou.other.to.quickly.W.shoul.realiz.tha.relation ship.ar.two-wa.rathe.tha.one-way.I.i.abou.bot.sides.S.firstl.w.shoul.respec.othe.people.Fin.ou.wh.peopl.d.wha. the.do.Liste.more.Lear.t.appreciat.people.Whe.w.star.appreciatin.th.goo.thing.i..person.i.build.u..platfor.t.develo.health.relationships.W.shoul.lear.t.tolerat.idea.an.behavio.whic.ar.differen.fro.ours.D.no.simpl.dismi s..perso.becaus.the.di.nothin.o.sai.somethin.w.d.no.like.Eve.i.w.ar.righ.fro.ou.s tandpoint.w.shouldn'.impos.ou.idea.o.others.An.i.w.ar.wrong.w.shoul.admi.i.an.tak .responsibilit.fo.it.W.ma.als.tr.t.pu.ourselve.i.others'shoes.Tr.t.imagin.ho.the.woul.fee.i.thi.situat ion.Sharin.i.ver.important.W.ma.shar.ou.happines.an.sorrow.wit.th.othe.person.o.tal.o .u.i.ou.relationships.Trustin.eac.othe.build.u.stron.bonds.I.w.mak.other.believ.tha.the.wil.liv.u.t.ou. mitte.t.th.relationship.Further Listening1-7 PassagesPassage 11.A2.B3.CPassage 21) complained2) obedience3) Actually4) critics5) fabric6) traditional7) expected8) approve of9) different from10) are valued forUnit 2 Food and healthListening and Speaking2-1 Genetically modified foodListening and understandingListening and understanding-11) A2) B3) B4) B5) A6) BListening and understanding-21) safer2) tighter controls3) vegetables4) extinct5) decreasing in numbers6) poor countries7) whole ecosystem2-2 Truth about organic food labelsListening and understanding1) organic2) less than3) at least4) 95%,95 percent, ninety five percent5) 100%,100 percent, one hundred percent6) the outdoors7) natural diet8) being kept in small cages9) being raised2-3 Meat or not u2013 Four types of vegetariansListening and understandingListening and understanding-11) A,C,E2) A,C3) A,E4) AListening and understanding-21) milk, cheese, yoghurt, milk, cheese, yogurt, milk, cheese and yoghurt,milk,cheese and yogurt2) marine algae3) fish oil supplements4) eat meatViewing and Speaking2-4 How to avoid processed foods in a healthy dietViewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) their natural state2) man-made ingredients3) shelf life4) hydrogen5) up to a half gram6) the same as7) look oldViewing and understanding-21) bad2) good3) plastic4) cells5) communicate or talk, talk or communicate6) cancer7) packaged foods8) baked9) fat10) desire more11) high blood pressure2-5 What's wrong with our food Viewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) chemical fertilizers2) kill weeds and bugs3) the supermarkets4) local farmers5) more expensive6) it really comes fromViewing and understanding-21) grow the same crop2) rains3) our waterways4) an organic farmer5) genetically modified seeds6) make a differenceFurther Listening2-7 PassagesPassage 11.B2.C3.CPassage 21) debated2) nutritious3) typical4) inadequate5) evidence6) fiction7) publicized8) numerous9) and the like10) in commonUnit 3 Sport and its developmentsListening and Speaking3-1 Technology at the Winter OlympicsListening and understandingListening and understanding-11) 32 billion, thirty two billion,32,000,000,000,320000000002) subtropical climate3) the design of sportswear4) equipment5) snowListening and understanding-21) computer modeling2) techniques3) beat their personal best4) stability and speed5) cross-country skiing6) tackle sharp turns7) Snow guns8) local water resources3-2 Epidemic of cheating in sportsListening and understandingListening and understanding-11) A,C,EListening and understanding-21) improve their performance2) losing a game3) meet NFL rules4) changing places5) entering the event6) a banned substance7) his hand8) a fear of losing9) very competitive3-3 Sports that haven't made it into the Olympics Listening and understandingListening and understanding-11) manageable size2) the history3) drug testing procedures4) wide international followingListening and understanding-21) ancient Egypt2〕100 million, one hundred million,100,000,000,1000000003) demonstration sport4) little media coverage5) the 1920s, the nineteen-twenties6) professional players7) drug testing8) 18309) 186410) 185, one hundred and eighty five11) healthiest sport12) 199213) two-thirds majority, two thirds majority,2/3 majorityViewing and Speaking3-4 Free solo climbing u2013 An extreme sportViewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) A,B,EViewing and understanding-21) slow and controlled2) push himself3) alive4) the love for it5) give out6) slip and fall7) the awesome view3-5 How video games became a spectator sportViewing and understanding1) video game competitions2) spectator sports3) 27 million, twenty seven million,27,000,000,270000004) annual revenue5) a billion dollars,$ 1,000,000,000,$1000000000,1,000,000,000dollars,1000000000dollars6) two million,2 million,2,000,000,20000007) 100,000,100000,a hundred thousand8) 16 to 24, sixteen to twenty four,16-249) all-around10) professional11) a million,1,000,000,100000012) contract13) practice14) competitive15) scholarships16) athlete visas17) get biggerFurther Listening3-7 PassagesPassage 11.B2.D3.APassage 21) Compared with2) physically3) Frightened4) artificial5) nightmare6) advanced7) circumstances8) lies in9) apply10) keep one point in mindUnit 4 Social media and online safety Listening and Speaking4-1 What is mass media?Listening and understandingListening and understanding-11) B2) A3) C4) D5) A6) CListening and understanding-21) a large audience2) mainstream media3) broadcast media4) digital media5) ready availability6) population and area7) regional news8) national and international9) entertainment10) key11) how people think4-2 Social media users are happier and more engagedListening and understanding1) making people less sociable, self-centered, get wrapped up in texting or spilling their innermost secrets online without ever relating to others'concerns;hurting users'relationships and pushing them away from participating in the world2) making people have "higher measures of social well-being", more trusting,have more close friends, get more support from those friends and more politically engaged;improving communication between people;bringing group members'attention to an issue;putting users in touch with old friends;reviving other long-dormant relationships;making people have more close relationships and more likely to be involved in civic and political activities,feel a sense of pride and accomplishment about their contributions.3)1) more than 2,200 American adults/more than 2200 American adults/more than two thousand and two hundred American adults4)2) Internet American Life Project5)3) communications6)4) 85 pages/eighty five pages4-3 The era ofListening and understandingListening and understanding-11) B2) A3) D4) C5) BListening and understanaing-21) A2) B3) A4) B5) AViewing and Speaking4-4 CyberbullyingViewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) The rise of social networking sites.2) The use of online communications to harass, threaten or embarrass another.3) Forwarding cruel, private messages, pictures or videos;assuming false identities on social networking sites.4) The ease with which people can spread them on the Internet.5) Withdrawal from family and friends, depression and even thoughts of suicide.6) To start spreading positivity online.Viewing and understanding-21) online accounts2) authority and security3) one-time solution4) offline environment5) hatred6) monster7) put an end8) celebrate our differences9) closer together10) bullied into silence4-5 Dangers of oversharing Viewing and understanding Viewing and understanding-11) D2) A3) D4) C5) BViewing and understanding-21) go viral2) invaluable3) schoolchildren4) a world of pain5) high-risk category6) online privacy7) what you do8) a strong password9) security settings10) ask your permissionFurther Listening4-7 PassagesPassage 11.A2.D3.CPassage 21) objections2) promoting3) ridiculed4) claimed5) humorous6) advert7) attracted8) hangover9) 16 percent,16%, sixteen percent10) came fromUnit 5 Traveling and travelers Listening and Speaking5-1 The benefits of travelingListening and understandingListening and understanding-11) our regular life2) relaxation3) our knowledge4) our perspective5) our resourcefulness6) memories for a lifetimeListening and understanding-21) our minds2) problems3) distance4) to its fullest5) stress-free time6) create new ones7) change8) overcoming problems9) experience the trips10) what life has to offer5-2 Traveling:Travel agent or not ?Listening and understandingListening and understanding-11.C2.B3.D4.A5.D6.DListening and understanding-21) seat availability2) last-minute schedule changes3) complex4) time5) the best fares6) the fare class7) seat and meal8) the Internet9) twice10) leads the region11) outliers5-3 Barcelona,a traveler's delight Listening and understanding Listening and understanding-11.D2.B3.E4.A5.CListening and understanding-21) the second largest2〕Spanish3) euro4) August5) seafood6) nightlife7) shots8) culture9) festivals10) Sundays11) old cityViewing and Speaking5-4 CouchsurfingViewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) A2) B3) B4) A5) B6) B7) B8) A9) BViewing and understanding-21) in our wallets2) remains high3) pretty resourceful4) a faraway place5) for free6) Rising7) collapse of airlines8) have a look at9) free of charge10) return the favor11) somewhat surprised12) any travelers, any travellers13) pretty unlimited14) really unique opportunity15) local taste of the culture16) better feel17) positive reference18) most expensive cities19) straw mat20) an excellent experience21) real insight22) explore some more5-5 Attracting the world to ChinaViewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) A2) D3) B4) BViewing and understanding-21) It does not fit China and it's very bland.2) They are working with Google to act as a digital consultant to improve its advertising reach.3) Because it's very tourist-friendly and the ethnic groups there are very welcoming. Further Listening5-7 PassagesPassage 11) D2) A3) B4) D5) BPassage 21) have a visa2) Ireland and the UK3) protect yourself from theft4) spoil your visit5) short stay apartments6) someone's spare room7) above the streets8) take a bike rideUnit 6 Business and business strategyListening and Speaking6-1 College entrepreneurs u2013 Do you have what it takes?Listening and understandingListening and understanding-11) College students starting their own businesses.2) To give us some examples of starting businesses in college.3) College students are prone to take risks because they are usually unencumbered by family and financial obligations.4)A place which provides all sorts of favorable conditions for entrepreneurship./A great incubator for student businesses.5) To show the necessity of getting credit in entrepreneurial courses.Listening and understanding-21) the hip thing to do2) earning a big payoff3) mainstream college subject4) real-time consulting work5) take risks6) family and financial7) tech-based businesses8) intellectual atmosphere9) young consumers10) hungry to work11) online databases12) possible investors13) launch your business14) Be a problem-solver15) Gain exposure to others16) inspire and motivate17) Be innovative18) Network and get a mentor19) helpful contact20) present your idea6-2 Why develop a strategy ?Listening and understandingListening and understanding-11) foundation of a business plan2) long-term success3) business plan4) midterm5) key functional areas6) steering wheel7) difficult times8) trying times9) full-service dinner menu10) floor spaceListening and understanding-21) B2) A3) A4) B5) B6-3 Supermarket tricks Listening and understanding1) the right environment2) bright lights3) louder music4) poor decisions5) slow, pleasant music6) colors, colours7) red8) trust9) smell10) bake cookies11) specials12) cheaper price13) impulse buying14) at eye level15) eye level16) either up or down17) the layout18) aisle by aisle19) a budget20) a deal21) need the item22) cool off23) hungryViewing and Speaking6-4 Jack Ma's interview Viewing and understanding Viewing and understanding-11) previously unreachable2) went public3) valuable4) unconventional5) global celebrity status6) business news channels7) a year ago8) business philosophy9) shareholders almost no sayViewing and understanding-21) Customer number one, employee number two, shareholder number three.2) Most of the company's money comes from advertising and small transaction fees.3) $1./1 dollar/one dollar4.Th.Worl.Wid.We.barel.reache.al.th.wa.t.China.Ther.wa.n.suc.thin.a.packag.delive r.o.credi.cards.Th.onl.wa.t.bu.anythin.wa.face-to-fac.an.i.cash.5.Becaus.peopl.believe.in"guan-xi".face-to-wor.i.traditiona.ways.There'.n.trus.syste.i.China.6) By creating his own payment system, an escrow account where Alibaba holds the buyers'money until the goods are delivered.6-5 JCPenney's pricing strategy comes under fireViewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) B2) D3) A4) A5) A6) BViewing and understanding-21) fired their new CEO2) not so great3) marking up prices4) mark them down5) lure back6) shopping there7) low-price strategy8) covering up lower prices9) a great deal10) $10,10 dollars, ten dollars11) $25,25 dollars, twenty five dollars12) $38,38 dollars, thirty eight dollars13) customers14) pricing modelFurther Listening6-7 PassagesPassage 11) B2) A3) B4) A5) CPassage 21) fill it up2) near the entrance3) all over the store4) resist temptation5) bored with waiting6) feel hungry7) getting a bargain8) higher up9) the latest films10) shop onlineUnit 7 Behavior and etiquette Listening and Speaking7-1 Public display of affection in Chennai Listening and understanding1) cheek2) criminal activity3) strength4) visual5) dangerous6) sin7) draw a line8) the environment safer9) on beaches10) conservative11) sensitive12) location13) temples14) elders and children7-2 Stand up for elders or lose free travel Listening and understandingListening and understanding-11) A2) B3) B4) A5) AListening and understanding-21) pregnant, disabled2) disabled, pregnant3) threatening4) passengers5) staff6) expectations7) atmosphere8) free travel pass9) unpaid community work10) commit a second serious breach7-3 The audience say it all, and yet nothing Listening and understandingListening and understanding-11.B2.C3.A4.C5.AListening and understanding-21) late2) any phones3) wrappers4) minimal5) videos, photographs6) photographs, videos7) shocked8) latecomers, loud chewers9) loud chewers, latecomersViewing and Speaking7-4 Look up!Viewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) A2) B3) A4) A5) BViewing and understanding-21) in the presence of2) snubbing3) ignoring4) addictive5) digital diet6) phone behavior7) problem gambling8) do it again9) diagnostic10) stress11) obligations12) knowing something13) pat on the back14) digital identity15) match up with16) connection17) potential7-5 What your body says about youViewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) gets the upper hand2) betray us3) beyond the words4) the body, the face and the voiceViewing and understanding-21) Because the faster you stride, the more strong, powerful and fit you are.2.H.walk.b.havin.hi.shoulder.bouncin.bac.an.fort.an.make.gestures.I.show.hi.ver.a nima.power/hi.stron.ma.power/hi.sex.power.3.Ther.i.ver.littl.movemen.abov.hi.shoulder.an.h.ha..mor.traditional.America.powe r.He'.tryin.t.loo.lik.he'.controlled.Ther.i.n.extr.waste.energy.4) It is regarded as a sign that they were getting on well.5) Because in the Middle East, the last man through the door is the winner. Further Listening7-7 PassagesPassage 11) D2) A3) A4) C5) DPassage 21) all equal2) familiar form3) complicated and subtle4) trouble5) more familiar than6) did remember7) get it right8) work out the rulesUnit 8 Culture and identity Listening and Speaking8-1 What is culture?Listening and understandingListening and understanding-11) C2) C3) C4) AListening and understanding-21) ideals2) values3) shared4) specific behavior5) If it is the will of God, If it's the will of God6) external factors7) products8) behavior9) ideas10) diverse11) complex12) oral tradition13) Silence14) respect15) older16) raise your voice8-2 Are we really that different ?Listening and understandingListening and understanding-11.B2.B3.D4.A5.CListening and understanding-21) A2) B3) B4) B5) B6) A7) A8) B8-3 Cultural stereotypes or national character ? Listening and understandingListening and understanding-11) B2) A3) B4) B5) B6) B7) A8) BListening and understanding-21) politeness2) violence3) white men4) aggressive5) dominant6) polite7) Honor8) cultural values9) historiesListening and understanding-31) populated2) law enforcement3) families4) property5) reputation6) honor7) seriousness8) life and death situations9) visible and clear signals10) situation11) valuesViewing and Speaking8-4 Fish and chip franchises in the UKViewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) B2) C3) A4) C5) AViewing and understanding-21) national dish2) franchised it out3) former Chinese takeaway4) eight months5) electrical contracting background6) very pleased7) the supply of fish is guaranteed8) with proper trainingViewing and understanding-31) finest fish2) best potatoes3) excel in4) an explosion in fast-food shops5) returns6) role7) quality-based products8) empty shops9) rental agreement10) marketing strategy11) grows12) income13) 60,000,60000, sixty thousand14) 100,000,100000, one hundred thousand15) follow the system16) make a lot more8-5 Culture shockViewing and understandingViewing and understanding-11) get everybody together2) more on your own3) seventy,704) little block of student housing5) dormitories6) fried and greasy7) Indian food8) Mexican food9) courageous10) approach you11) drunk12) hide behind their beer13) expensive14) friendlier15) choices16) stuckViewing and understanding-21) B2) A3) A4) B5) B6) A7) A8) B9) B10) A11) A12) AFurther Listening8-7 PassagesPassage 11) B2) A3) B4) D5) APassage 21) exams2) our family3) a famous person4) studied medicine5) shake hands with6) two or three hundred,2 or 3 hundred,200 or 3007) five or seven,5 or 78) the 25th and the 50th, the twenty fifth and the fiftieth9) give more money。
英文函电-课后习题答案
Unit two1 你方1994年9月2日来函收到。
我们很高兴告诉你，你所要的商品属于我公司的经营范围。
Your letter of September 2, 1994 has been received. We are glad to inform you that thearticles required by you fall within the scope of our business activities.•textile n. 纺织品adj.纺织的specialize in 擅长于，专攻enter into 开始2 你地中国银行函告，你们是纺织品的进口商。
我们专营纺织品出口业务，愿与贵公司建立业务关系。
The Bank of China in your city has informed us that you are importers of textiles. Wespecialize in the export of textiles and are willing to enter into business relations with you.•in compliance with 顺从，遵照piece goods 匹头, 布匹•be found to someone’s satisfaction 满某人的意3 遵照你方要求，我们正寄上一套布匹剪样。
希望这些样品能及时到达，并使你满意In compliance with your request, we are sending you a range of cut samples of our cottonpiece goods. We hope they will arrive in time and be found to your satisfaction.•place an order 下订单4 你方9月4号来函收到。
为家乡带货的英语作文
Promoting Hometown ProductsMy hometown, nestled in the heart of a lush green valley, is a place rich in culture and tradition. It is also renowned for its unique and delicious products that have been passed down through generations. As a proud native, I am always eager to share the essence of my hometown with the world and promote its treasures.One of the most prized possessions of my hometown is its handcrafted textiles. The intricate patterns and vibrant colors of these textiles are a testament to the skill and dedication of our artisans. They are not just fabrics; they are a representation of our rich cultural heritage and history. Wearing a piece of our hometown textile is a way of carrying a piece of our story with you.In addition to textiles, our hometown is also famous for its delectable cuisine. From the spicy curries to the sweet desserts, every dish is a blend of flavors that tantalize the taste buds. The secret lies in the freshness of our ingredients and the traditional cooking techniques that have been handed down from one generation to another. Eating our cuisine is not just about satisfying hunger; it is an experience that evokes a sense of nostalgia and belonging.However, in today's fast-paced world, it is becoming increasingly difficult for these hometown products to find their way to the shelves of mainstream stores. This is why I am committed to promoting our products and making them accessible to a wider audience.One of the ways I do this is by utilizing the power of social media. I share photos and stories about our textiles, cuisine, and other products on my social media platforms. I also collaborate with influencers and bloggers who have a large following to spread awareness about our products. This helps to create a buzz and generate interest among potential buyers.Moreover, I actively participate in local fairs and exhibitions where I showcase our products to a captive audience. These events provide a platform for people to interact with our artisans and learn about the craftsmanship behind our products. It also gives them an opportunity to taste our cuisine and experience the flavors of our hometown.In conclusion, promoting hometown products is not just about making a profit; it is about preserving our culture and tradition. It is about sharing the essence of our hometown with the world and making it accessible to everyone. As a proud native, I am committed to this mission and will continue to work towards making our products known and loved by all.。
介绍保亭的英语作文
介绍保亭的英语作文Baotin a Hidden Gem in the Heart of HainanNestled in the southern reaches of Hainan Island, Baotin is a captivating destination that often flies under the radar of mainstream tourism. This idyllic county, tucked away in the lush mountains, boasts a rich cultural heritage, breathtaking natural landscapes, and a tranquil way of life that sets it apart from the bustling beach resorts that draw crowds to the island.As you venture into Baotin, you'll be immediately struck by the serene beauty that permeates the region. The rolling hills are blanketed in a tapestry of verdant forests, punctuated by the occasional glimmering stream or waterfall that cascades down the slopes. The air is crisp and clean, infused with the earthy scents of the surrounding vegetation and the salty tang of the nearby South China Sea.One of the most captivating aspects of Baotin is its rich cultural heritage, which is woven into the very fabric of the community. Theregion is home to the Li and Miao ethnic minority groups, whose traditions and customs have been carefully preserved over generations. Visitors can immerse themselves in this vibrant cultural tapestry by exploring the traditional villages, where wooden stilt houses and intricate handicrafts provide a glimpse into the daily lives of the local people.The Li people, in particular, are renowned for their intricate textile work, which is showcased in the vibrant patterns and designs of their clothing and weavings. Visitors can witness the skilled artisans at work, meticulously crafting these stunning textiles using traditional techniques that have been passed down for centuries. The Miao people, on the other hand, are known for their ornate silver jewelry, which is often adorned with intricate carvings and motifs that reflect their unique cultural heritage.Beyond the cultural attractions, Baotin is also a haven for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. The county is home to a number of stunning natural wonders, including the Wuzhi Mountain range, which rises majestically above the surrounding landscape. Adventurous travelers can embark on challenging hikes through the lush forests, where they may catch glimpses of the elusive Hainan Gibbon, one of the rarest primate species in the world.For those seeking a more relaxed experience, the Nanshan BuddhistCultural Zone offers a serene respite from the hustle and bustle of daily life. This expansive complex, which features towering statues, ornate temples, and tranquil gardens, is a testament to the deep-rooted Buddhist traditions that have shaped the region's spiritual landscape.One of the most captivating features of Baotin is the Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve, a sprawling protected area that is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna. Visitors can explore the network of hiking trails that wind through the reserve, taking in the stunning vistas of lush forests, cascading waterfalls, and crystal-clear streams. Along the way, they may catch sight of the region's unique wildlife, including the Hainan Peacock-Pheasant, a vibrant and elusive bird that is endemic to the island.For those seeking a more leisurely experience, the Nanshan Buddhist Cultural Zone offers a serene respite from the hustle and bustle of daily life. This expansive complex, which features towering statues, ornate temples, and tranquil gardens, is a testament to the deep-rooted Buddhist traditions that have shaped the region's spiritual landscape. Visitors can wander through the serene grounds, taking in the sights and sounds of this sacred space, and perhaps even participate in a meditation session or traditional tea ceremony.Another highlight of Baotin is the region's rich culinary traditions,which draw on the bounty of the surrounding land and sea. Visitors can sample a wide variety of local dishes, from the fragrant and flavorful seafood dishes that make use of the region's abundant marine resources, to the hearty and comforting vegetarian fare that reflects the strong Buddhist influence in the area.One of the most unique culinary experiences in Baotin is the traditional Li and Miao cuisine, which features a variety of traditional ingredients and preparation methods that have been honed over generations. Visitors can savor the complex flavors of dishes like the Li people's signature glutinous rice cakes, or the Miao people's delicate steamed dumplings, each of which offers a tantalizing glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of the region.Beyond the culinary delights, Baotin also offers a range of unique shopping opportunities, with local artisans and craftspeople showcasing their wares in vibrant markets and boutiques. Visitors can browse the stalls, haggling with the friendly vendors and discovering one-of-a-kind souvenirs and keepsakes that capture the essence of the region.Overall, Baotin is a hidden gem that offers a truly immersive and authentic experience for those seeking to explore the rich cultural and natural heritage of Hainan Island. Whether you're drawn to the region's captivating history, its breathtaking natural landscapes, or itsvibrant culinary traditions, there is something to captivate and delight every traveler who ventures into this enchanting corner of China.。
衣服近年的变化英文作文
衣服近年的变化英文作文Title: The Evolution of Fashion in Recent Years。
Fashion is an ever-evolving reflection of society, culture, and individual expression. Over the past few years, the world of clothing has undergone significant transformations, influenced by various factors ranging from technological advancements to societal shifts. In this essay, we will explore the key changes that have shaped the landscape of fashion in recent times.One of the most notable developments in the realm of clothing is the rise of sustainable fashion. With growing awareness of environmental issues and ethical concernswithin the fashion industry, consumers are increasingly seeking out eco-friendly and ethically produced garments. This shift has led to the emergence of sustainable fashion brands, offering clothing made from organic materials, recycled fabrics, and employing fair labor practices. Additionally, there has been a surge in the popularity ofvintage and second-hand clothing, as people embrace the concept of reusing and repurposing garments to reduce waste.Technological innovation has also had a profound impact on the way we dress. The advent of smart textiles and wearable technology has revolutionized the functionality of clothing, blurring the lines between fashion and tech. From garments embedded with sensors to track fitness metrics to clothing that can regulate body temperature, technology has enabled clothing to become more than just a form of expression but also a tool for enhancing performance and comfort.Moreover, the democratization of fashion through social media and e-commerce platforms has transformed the way trends are disseminated and consumed. Influencers and celebrities now have unprecedented reach and influence, shaping consumer preferences and driving demand for certain styles and brands. The rise of fast fashion, characterized by its quick turnover of trendy and affordable clothing,has made fashion more accessible to a wider audience buthas also raised concerns about its environmental and socialimpact.Another significant trend in recent years is the blurring of gender boundaries in fashion. Traditional notions of masculine and feminine clothing have given way to more fluid and inclusive interpretations of style. Gender-neutral fashion lines and unisex clothing have gained popularity, reflecting a growing acceptance of diverse gender identities and expressions. This shift towards gender-inclusive fashion not only promotes greater freedom of self-expression but also challenges traditional norms and stereotypes.Furthermore, cultural diversity has become increasingly celebrated and incorporated into mainstream fashion. Designers are drawing inspiration from a wide range of cultural influences, resulting in a rich tapestry of styles and aesthetics. Ethnic prints, traditional craftsmanship, and cultural motifs are being reinterpreted and integrated into contemporary designs, fostering a greater appreciation for global heritage and diversity.In conclusion, the landscape of fashion has undergone profound changes in recent years, driven by a combination of technological advancements, societal shifts, and changing consumer preferences. From the rise of sustainable and tech-infused clothing to the blurring of gender boundaries and celebration of cultural diversity, these developments reflect a dynamic and evolving industry that continues to push boundaries and redefine the way we dress. As we look towards the future, it will be fascinating to see how these trends continue to evolve and shape the fashion landscape in the years to come.。
少数民族服饰特点英语作文
少数民族服饰特点英语作文Ethnic minority attire is a vibrant tapestry that reflects the rich cultural heritage and diverse traditions of various communities around the world. Each ethnic group has its own unique style of clothing, which is often a visual representation of their history, beliefs, and way of life. In this essay, we will explore the distinctive features of ethnic minority attire, focusing on the elements that set them apart from mainstream fashion.Firstly, the use of traditional fabrics is a key characteristic of ethnic clothing. These fabrics are often handwoven and may include silk, cotton, or wool, depending on the region's resources. For instance, the Tibetan people are known for their yak wool textiles, which are not only warm but also symbolize the harsh yet beautiful environment they inhabit.Secondly, the colors and patterns found in ethnic attire are deeply symbolic. Bright, bold colors are common, as they are believed to bring good luck and ward off evil spirits. Patterns can range from geometric shapes to intricate floral designs, each with a specific meaning within the culture. The Native American Navajo tribe, for example, is renowned for their blankets and rugs with complex patterns that tell stories of their ancestors.Embroidery and beading are also prominent features in manyethnic costumes. These meticulous details are not just decorative; they often hold significant cultural or spiritual importance. The Berber women of North Africa, for example, embroider their traditional kaftans with symbols thatrepresent fertility and prosperity.Another distinguishing feature is the use of accessories. Headpieces, jewelry, and other adornments are often anintegral part of the attire, denoting social status, marital status, or tribal affiliation. The Maasai people of EastAfrica are easily recognizable by their beaded necklaces and colorful beaded jewelry, which are not only decorative butalso serve as a form of communication about the wearer's life events.The cut and silhouette of ethnic clothing are often designed for functionality as well as aesthetics. The Inuit people's parkas, made from animal skins, are a perfect example of this, providing warmth and protection in the harsh Arctic climate. Similarly, the wide, flowing garments of the Middle Eastern region are not only comfortable in the desert heat but also offer a sense of modesty.Lastly, the sustainability and cultural significance of the materials used in ethnic attire are noteworthy. Many of these garments are made from natural, locally sourced materials,and the production process is often sustainable and eco-friendly. Moreover, the clothing is often handed down through generations, carrying with it the stories and experiences of the family.In conclusion, the distinctive features of ethnic minority attire are a testament to the diversity and creativity of human expression. From the use of traditional fabrics to the intricate embroidery and the meaningful accessories, these costumes are more than just clothing; they are a celebration of culture and identity. As we continue to appreciate and learn from these unique styles, we enrich our understanding of the world's many cultures and the people who call them home.。
纺织品中甲醛含量不合格的原因及控制
纺织品中甲醛含量不合格的原因及控制作者：徐爱平来源：《纺织报告》 2018年第10期摘要服装是人们生活中重要的必须品，被人们称为“人的第二层皮肤”。
随着科学技术的进步、生活水平的提高及环境保护意识的不断增强，人们对生活中的必需品——纺织品的质量有了越来越全面的认识。
传统意义上的实用性、耐用性、美观性已经不能完全满足广大消费者的要求，而卫生性、安全性则越来越受到人们的关注，无污染、无毒害的环保产品，已经成为当今纺织品开发、生产和消费的主流。
关键词纺织品；甲醛；原因；控制中图分类号：TS107.5文献标识码：BAbstract Clothing is an important necessity in people’s life. It is called “people’s second skin”. With the progress ofscience and technology, the improvement of living standards and the increasing awareness of environmental protection,people have a more and more comprehensive understanding of the quality of life’s necessities, such as textiles. The traditionalsense of practicality, durability and aesthetics cannot fully meet the requirements of consumers. Health and safetyare more and more concerned by people, and the pursuit of pollution-free and non-toxic environment-friendly textiles hasbecome the mainstream of textile development, production and consumption.Key words Textile; Formaldehyde; Reason; Control纺织品在生产过程中要经过前处理、印染、后整理等多道加工工序，导致纺织品中残留甲醛。
纺织专业英语部分课文英汉对照翻译
目录01课Cotton Growing棉花种植................................................................................................. 02课Cotton Properties and Uses棉纤维的特性和用途.................................................................. 04课Wool羊毛 ........................................................................................................................... 05课Structure and Properties of Wool羊毛纤维的结构和性能................................................... 06课Silk丝绸........................................................................................................................... 07课Flax亚麻........................................................................................................................ 09课Rayon人造丝 ................................................................................................................... 12课YARNS .............................................................................................................................. 13课? ?纱线结构和织物外观的关系 ........................................................................................ 21课精纺和粗纺....................................................................................................................... 25课络纱................................................................................................................................... 27课整经...................................................................................................................................33 课织机.................................................................................................................................. 40课蓬勃发展的非织造布..................................................................................................... 49课染色.................................................................................................................................第一课Cotton Growing棉花种植Cotton is the world's most widely used fiber. Its popularity stems from both its relative ease of production and its applicability to a wide variety of textile products. The price of cotton yarn, however, is strongly dependent upon the cost of labor, so that in the industrialized nations, where labor is expensive, cotton yarns may be relatively high priced.棉花是世界上使用最广泛的纤维。
纺织知识点英语总结高中
纺织知识点英语总结高中IntroductionTextile, as an essential part of our daily life, plays a significant role in our lives. It is not only limited to clothing, but also encompass other applications such as interior design, medical, and industrial uses. In this summary, we will discuss the key knowledge points of textiles, including the history, fibers, spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing, printing, and finishing.History of TextilesThe history of textiles dates back to ancient times, with evidence of textile production found in various ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China. The invention of the spinning wheel and loom revolutionized textile production, leading to the development of the modern textile industry.FibersFibers are the basic building blocks of textiles and can be categorized into two main types: natural fibers and synthetic fibers. Natural fibers, such as cotton, wool, silk, and hemp, are derived from plant or animal sources. They are known for their breathability, comfort, and biodegradability. Synthetic fibers, including polyester, nylon, and acrylic, are man-made fibers produced through chemical processes. They are valued for their durability, strength, and resistance to wrinkles and stains.SpinningSpinning is the process of converting raw fibers into yarn or thread. There are various spinning methods, including ring spinning, open-end spinning, and air-jet spinning. Each method has its unique features and is suitable for different types of fibers and yarns. WeavingWeaving is the process of interlacing two sets of yarns, the warp and the weft, to create a fabric. The key components of the weaving process are the loom, warp beam, heddles, shuttle, and reed. Different weaving patterns and fabric structures can be achieved by manipulating the interlacing of warp and weft yarns.KnittingKnitting is another method of fabric construction, involving the interlocking of loops of yarn to create a fabric. Knitting machines and hand knitting tools are used to produce a wide range of knitted fabrics, such as jerseys, rib knits, and interlocks. Knitted fabrics are known for their stretchiness, drape, and comfort.DyeingDyeing is the process of imparting color to textile materials using dyes or pigments. Various dyeing methods, such as vat dyeing, direct dyeing, and disperse dyeing, are used to achieve different effects and colorfastness. It is important to consider the fiber type, dye type, and dyeing conditions to achieve the desired color and performance.PrintingTextile printing involves applying a design or pattern onto fabric using dyes, pigments, or other printing agents. Different printing techniques, such as screen printing, rotary printing, and digital printing, are used to create various effects and designs on fabric.FinishingTextile finishing encompasses a range of processes to improve the appearance, hand, and performance of the fabric. Finishing processes include pre-treatment, dye fixation, washing, and coating. Various finishes, such as water repellent, flame retardant, and wrinkle-free finishes, can be applied to meet specific functional requirements.ConclusionIn conclusion, textile knowledge is a broad and diverse field that encompasses various aspects such as fibers, spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing, printing, and finishing. Understanding the fundamentals of textile production and processing is crucial for professionals in the textile industry and for consumers who want to make informed decisions about textiles. By learning about the history, properties, and processes of textiles, we gain a deeper appreciation for the fabrics that enrich our lives every day.。
国际贸易实务黄金例句280例——学而思姜威老师
国际贸易实务黄金例句280例1. 询盘: (1)2. 报盘&还盘 (1)3. 合同 (2)4. 品质 (2)5. 数量: (3)6. 价格: (3)7. 包装: (4)8. 保险 (4)9. 检验 (5)10. 装运 (5)11. 运输: (6)12. 付款 (6)13. 代理 (7)14. 索赔 (7)1询盘:1. Heavy enquiries witness the quality of our products. 大量询盘证明我们产品质量过硬。
2. As soon as the price picks up, enquiries will revive. 一旦价格回升，询盘将恢复活跃。
3. Enquiries are so large that we can only than allot you 200 cases. 询盘如此之多，我们只能分给你们200箱货。
4. Enquiries for carpets are getting more numerous. 对地毯的询盘日益增加。
5. Enquiries are dwindling. 询盘正在减少。
6. Generally speaking, inquiries are made by the buyers. 询盘一般由买方发出。
7. We regret that the goods you inquire about are not available. 很遗憾，你们所询的货物现在无货。
8. To make an inquiry about our oranges, a representative of the Japanese company paid us a visit. 为了对我们的橙子询价，那家日本公司的一名代表访问了我们。
9. We cannot take care of your enquiry at present. 我们现在无力顾及你方的询盘。
外贸函电带答案李再亮正确率都超过30%3
外贸函电带答案李再亮正确率都超过30%3外贸函电模拟题一、单项选择题在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. We ask you to compare our prices _____ of other companies. bA. to thoseB. with thoseC. to thatD. with that2. ________ we would like to supply you with the product, we are unable to fill your order owing to the heavy backlog of commitments. CA. As much asB. Much likeC. Much asD. Like much3. We will do our best to _______ shipment to meet your requirements in time. bA. expectB. expediteC. exerciseD. examine4. In reply, we have the pleasure of informing you that an L/C has been opened amounting ______＄2,000. bA. atB. toC. upD. for5. As your prompt attention to shipment is most desirable to all parties ________, we hope you will let us have your telegraphic shipping advice without further delay. dA. concernB. concerningC. to concernD. concerned6. Please arrange shipment of the goods booked by us with the ______ possible delay. bA. mostB. leastC. latestD. worst7. Our illustrated catalogue ___________ shows various types of bathroom fittings and their available sizes. aA. enclosedB. that enclosedC. is enclosedD. which enclosed8. ________ your terms and conditions be accepted by our clients, we will place a large order with you. aA. ShouldB. IfC. UnlessD. That9. We regret the need for you to write to us and hope the steps we are taking ________ the safe arrival of all your orders in future. aA. ensureB. assureC. insureD. sure10. _________ support your sales, we are sending you some samples of our new makes. aA. In order toB. With a view toC. With regard toD. Owing to11. May we call your attention to our outstanding account for $3,640, _______ is now considerably overdue. dA. by which settlementB. of which settlementC. settlement by whichD. settlement of which.12．We hope to receive your quotation with details _______ the earliest date of shipment. a A. including B. to be included C. being included D. include13. We also wish to advise you that the prices we quoted are our ___________ prices. cA. newB. cheapC. rock bottomD. easiest14.The insurance shall be ___________ from the time of the engineer’s departure from China up to the time of his arrival in China on return. dA. effectiveB. effectingC. effectD. effected15. We require the goods be delivered in two equal ______ by direct steamer. dA. weightsB. sizesC. colorsD. lots16. Our best quality products will find a ready ______ in your area. aA. marketB. orderC. customerD. consignment17. The L/C should be issued through a third country bank in America ______ the seller. bA. available byB. available toC. acceptable byD. acceptable to18. The offer _______ goods being unsold. cA. remains goodB. are validC. is subject toD. subject to19. Please make serious efforts to get the goods ______ promptly. bA. dispatchB. dispatchedC. dispatchingD. to dispatch20. In our letter of May 10, we make ______ clear that shipment be effected in June. dA. youB. themC. usD. it二、填空题21. We are very glad to __enter into___ business relations with your firm.22. In reply, we wish to inform you that we well connected __with___ major dealers __in___ the line of textiles.23. We shall be very grateful ___to__ you, if you will advise us to the specification of those which can be shipped __in___ stock.24. __In___ compliance with the request, we are sending you herewith the required Proforma Invoice_in____ triplicate.25. We will pass __on___ your decision __to___ the buyers for their consideration.26. Your price is rather __on___ high side.27. We refer you __to___our bank for our financial standing.28. Should this trial order prove satisfactory __to___ our customer, we can assure you __of___ repeat orders in increased quantities.29. Up to now, you haven't sent the goods we are __in___ urgent need of.30. We lodge a claim __with___ you for breakage, since the goods are not packed __in___ strong wooden cases.31. We are already represented ___by__ Messrs Freemen& Brothers Co.Ltd, __for___ the sale of this commodity in your district.32. We are __in___ the receipt of your letter of May 2.33. We hope you will accommodate us __in___ this respect and continue supplying us __with___ Enamelware and Basketware on the same basis.34. With regard to Contract No.1236, we are agreeable __to___ D/P terms of payment __for__ these contracts.35. Will you direct your efforts __to___ the promotion of this new product in your market__of___ our mutual benefit?三、英汉翻译36.We trust the above information will serve your purpose and await your further news.我们确信上述信息会符合你方需要，并静候贵方进一步的消息。
唐朝生活方式英文作文
唐朝生活方式英文作文The tang Dynasty had a strong national power, and people's clothes showed a diversified development. With the introduction of Hu clothing, the Tang people had a great variety of fashion items, which also led to the development of the textile industry. Different from the silk in the South of the Yangtze River in our later generations, the north of the Tang Dynasty was the main silk producing area: the square grain satin of Henan Daoxian and Suzhou, the mirror flower satin of Yanzhou, and the Silk text satin of Qingzhou; Hebei road hengzhou peacock luo, spring luo, Dingzhou two nest damask; The Handing Soo Of Jingzhou, Also known as Langzhou, is also known as Lotus Damask. Dansiluo from The prefectures of Yi and Shu in Jiannan Province, Gaozhu Zhansatin from Yizhou, and Chupuling from Suizhou are all silks used by exquisite nobles.The famous textiles of Tang Dynasty also include carpet, which was called "lichen" by Tang people. The interior of Tang Dynasty was still dominated by MATS, and the mainstream sitting position ofpeople was still sitting on the floor. Sitting on the floor is not necessarily kneeling (sitting), but also cross-legged, the ancients said hu sit. Ordinary people have straw MATS on the ground, but noble people can put carpets.Qin Tao-yu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once described the life scenes of the rich families in the Tang Dynasty: the lichen town horn incense lion, the curtain of the front of the hook embroidery to ward off evil spirits. According to clear song day not dawn, drink back to the deep hospital leakage still credit. At that time, to enjoy songs and dances, one must first lay a carpet on the ground, with fragrant lions in the shape of the four corners, and then maiko performed dances on the carpet. Today, There are woolen carpets given to the Japanese imperial family by the Emperor of The Tang Dynasty in Neihara and Japan.After the popularity of silks and satins, cloth clothing became popular among some Tang people, the most famous of which was guimu (guimu), produced in the far southern part of the empire. "Guibu" it is linen actually, those who like guibu most belong to Bai Juyi, in "new make cloth qiu" in a poem, Bai Juyiexclaims the dress of his new work: "guibu is white like snow, Wu mian soft yu yun. The cloth is heavy and thick, and it is warm for the fur." Moreover, the clothes made by Guibu have become his favorite in life. In the poem "Made on Pillow", Bai Juyi "advanced songhua wine in his belly and redressed guibu fur in cold knees".Ordinary Tang people, of course, could not afford to wear silk, while the tang people of lower classes wore "coarse brown" woven with hemp and wool. As for the poor, they may wear a scarf and a brown shirt, but for the nicer ones, 幞头, a sweatshirt, a robe, and a pair of leather boots.However, we can hardly see the dwellings, buildings, palaces, terraces and city walls of the Tang people today. What the Tang people have left to the later generations is only a collection of ancient books and books, in addition to the peerless poems and legends of the Tang Dynasty. The empire was at the peak of its power, with its magnificent capitals, bustling markets and manors, but all that remained of it, apart from the funerary objects buried with it, were paper scrolls and paintings.In the nineteenth year of Zhenyuan, Bai Juyi was the schoolsecretary. He rented a house with "four or five rooms in a thatched hut, one horse and two servants". "There was bamboo to play in front of the window, and wine to sell outside the door. Living conditions are relatively simple, hall divided. Most of the houses in the north are rammed earth wall, wooden frame covered with thatch, tile houses, are the rich rich. The gate of tang dynasty noble house adopts the form of bird head door, and the courtyard is composed of cloisters inside the house. As for the country houses, they are surrounded by houses without cloisters, forming a long and narrow quadrangle courtyard. In addition, there is a simple triad of wooden hedge thatched houses, with a compact layout. There are three thatched houses. The front eaves in the middle are open, with two columns, and the two sides are separated as rooms.As for food, in the Tang Dynasty, the northern people took chestnut and rice as the main food, while the southern people took rice as the main food. In later China, wheat dominated the north and became an extremely important food, but in the Tang Dynasty, millet was still the world. Millet is millet, tang people are familiar with the name and Huang Liang.The Southern people are keen on eating green rice. They use the azaleas' shrubs and leaves to soak rice in juice. After steaming and drying in the sun, rice becomes green. The Taoist priests said that this kind of rice was nourishing and nourishing, so that everyone rushed for food, making qingjing rice a common food at that time.In summer, there were crystal rice (glutinous rice), longqing powder, borneol, and qingfeng rice, which was mixed with cow milk and cooled in an ice pool. In daily life, there were "Royal Mother rice", which was poured with mixed soup such as shredded meat and eggs on the yellow rice. The dishes are divided into three classes. The upper classes are dishes served at royal and imperial fete, while the middle classes are dishes like fish chowder, 咄嗟, and obituarysheep passed down from the Sui dynasty, as well as white saloon, stir-fried, fried preserved meat, raw sheep and fly oil, soup balls, calabash chicken, golden chicken, ethnic flavor, fish stir-fried by salamander, rice with fresh wind, and stir-fried by heart. Low grade dishes are some popular food, including qianjin Yuan, Black female chicken soup, astragalus mutton, century-old soup, duck'sfoot soup, you soup, apricot cheese, sheep cheese, parvenia porridge, immortal porridge, wheat rice, pine cake, changsheng noodles, noodles cocoon, five blessings cake, disaster cake, gulouzi, etc.After dinner, Tang people liked to drink tea. "Tea flourished in Tang dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty". Different from the tea we drink today, Tang people drank tea cakes. Then use a tea mill to crush the tea cake into powder, then sieve it into fine powder, put it into boiling water to cook. When boiling, the water just boiled, the surface of the water appears small droplets like fish eyes, and "micro sound", known as a boiling. At this point add some salt to the water to taste. When the edge of the pot such as yongquan lianzhu, for two boiling, then to use a ladle scoop out a ladle of boiling water reserve, with bamboo clamp in the center of the pot stirring, and then pour the tea from the center into. Later in the pot of tea "teng wave drum wave", known as three boiling, at this time to just scoop out the ladle of water and then poured into the pot, a pot of tea even if cooked.Tang people still need to send tea with a variety of deliciousrefreshments, such as rice dumplings, wontons, pastries and other common snacks, and some we are not common today, such as steamed bamboo shoots, put in a small pot, steamed with rice; Xiao Tian Su is a kind of chicken or venison chopped into small pieces, and then mixed with rice noodles fried food.The strong national power and peaceful society made the Tang people like traveling, especially the literati of the Tang Dynasty, traveling became a trend. They traveled north, south, east and west of the empire. At that time, the land transportation was centered on Chang 'an, and the important trunk lines could reach Shandong Peninsula in the east, western Regions in the northwest, Nanzhao in the southwest, from Taiyuan to the northeast through Youzhou, guilin to Guangzhou in the south.As for the means of travel, there are strict regulations, the emperor, empress, prince can ride, the rest are riding instead of the car. Ordinary officials, the wife of the old merchant must ride a reed ð car, is a reed mat as the cover of the vehicle, businessmen, common people, monks, Taoist not At the same time, relying on canals such as the Grand Canal, The Ling Canal, the GuangtongCanal and the Xincao Canal, the empire formed a huge water transport network, and boats became an important means of transportation in the empire.Thanks to the imperial horse policy, horseback riding became the most important way for nobles or rich people to travel, but in the Tang Dynasty, the common people rode donkeys. In the vast empire, there were numerous post stations, in which there were not only post horses but also a large number of post donkeys. Therefore, the car rental industry of the Tang Dynasty -- "lease donkey" was very common.Since there are post stations, there will be post houses, and the tang dynasty big post houses no less than today's star hotels. At that time, the most famous post house in the world several baocheng post. The post house, hall hall porch is extremely magnificent, hall outside the pool, you can go boating, but also fishing, leisure can also rely on the railing to enjoy the moon, charming scenery.。
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TRADING INTO THE FUTURE: THE INTRODUCTION TO THE WTOTextiles: back in the mainstreamTextiles, like agriculture, is one of the hardest-fought issues in the WTO, as it was in the former GATT system. It is now going through fundamental change under a 10-year schedule agreed in the Uruguay Round. The system of import quotas that has dominated the trade since the early 1960s is being phased out.From 1974 until the end of the Uruguay Round, the trade was governed by the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA) a framework for bilateral agreements or unilateral actions that established quotas limiting imports into countries whose domestic industries were facing serious damage from rapidly increasing imports.The quotas were the most visible feature. They conflicted with GATT's general preference for customs tariffs instead of measures that restrict quantities. They were also exceptions to the GATT principle of treating all trading partners equally because they specified how much the importing country was going to accept from individual exporting countries.Since 1995, the WTO's Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) has taken over from the Mulltifibre Arrangement. By 2005, the sector is to be fully integrated into normal GATT rules. In particular, the quotas will come to an end, and importing countries will no longer be able to discriminate between exporters. The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing will itself no longer exist: it is the only WTO agreement that has self-destruction built in.Integration: returning products gradually to GATT rules back to topTextiles and clothing products are being returned to GATT rules over the 10-year period. This is happening gradually, in four steps, to allow time for both importers and exporters to adjust to the new situation. Some of these products were previously under quotas. Any quotas that were in place on 31 December 1994 were carried over into the new agreement. For products which had quotas, the result of integration into GATT will be the removal of these quotas.The agreement states the percentage of products that have to be brought under GATT rules at each step. If any of these products came under quotas, then the quotas must be removed at the same time. The percentages are applied to the importing country's textiles and clothing trade levels in 1990. The agreement also says the quantities of imports permitted under the quotas should grow annually, and that the rate of expansion should increase at each stage. How fast that expansion should be is set out in a formula based on the growthrate that existed under the old Multifibre Arrangement. (See table.)Products brought under GATT rules at each of the first three stages must cover the four main types of textiles and clothing: tops and yarns; fabrics; made-up textile products; and clothing. Any other restrictions that did not come under the Multifibre Arrangement and did not conform with regular WTO agreements by 1996 have to be made to conform or phased out by 2005.If further cases of damage to the industry arise during the transition, the agreement allows additional restrictions to be imposed temporarily under strict conditions. These "transitional safeguards" are not the same as the safeguard measures normally allowed under GATT because they can be applied on imports from specific exporting countries. But the importing country has to show that its domestic industry is suffering serious damage or is threatened with serious damage. And it has to show that the damage is the result of two things: increased imports of the product in question from all sources, and a sharp and substantial increase from the specific exporting country. The safeguard restriction can be implemented either by mutual agreement following consultations, or unilaterally. It is subject to review by the Textiles Monitoring Body .In any system where quotas are set for individual exporting countries, exporters might try to get around the quotas by shipping products through third countries or making false declarations about the products' country of origin. The agreement includes provisions to cope these cases.The agreement envisages special treatment for certain categories of countries _ for example, new market entrants, small suppliers, and least-developed countries.A Textiles Monitoring Body (TMB) supervises the agreement's implementation. It consists of a chairman and ten members acting in their personal capacity. It monitors actions taken under the agreement to ensure that they are consistent, and it reports to the Council on Trade in Goods which reviews the operation of the agreement before each new step of the integration process. The Textiles Monitoring Body also deals with disputes under the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. If they remain unresolved, the disputes can be brought to the WTO's regular Dispute Settlement Body. Two dispute cases where the core arguments were based on the Textiles and Clothing Agreement have been taken to the Dispute Settlement Body for examination by a panel. They have subsequently been appealed.。