外文翻译-自动浇花系统
自动浇水花盆 作文
自动浇水花盆作文英文回答：Self-watering planters are a type of container that allows plants to access water as needed, without the need for manual watering. They typically have a reservoir that holds water, and a wick or other absorbent material that draws water up to the plant's roots. This type of planteris particularly useful for people who are away from homefor extended periods of time, or who have difficulty watering their plants regularly.There are many different types of self-watering planters available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some planters have a built-in reservoir, while others require the use of a separate container. Some planters have a wick or other absorbent material that draws water up to the plant's roots, while others use a capillary action to draw water up through the soil.When choosing a self-watering planter, it is important to consider the size of the plant, the type of soil, and the amount of water the plant needs. It is also important to consider the environment in which the planter will be used, and the amount of maintenance that is required.Self-watering planters can be a great way to keep plants healthy and hydrated, even when you are away from home. They can also be a good way to save water, and to reduce the amount of time you spend watering your plants.中文回答：自动浇水花盆是一种允许植物在需要时获取水分的容器，无需手动浇水。
滴灌系统外文翻译
DRIP IRRIGATION AUTOMATION WITH AWATER LEVEL SENSING SYSTEM IN A GREENHOUSEAutomated control systems in irrigation have in recent years made considerable progress, offering a wide range of new options. In this experiment, drip irrigation system automatically governed irrigation in accordance with a water level sensing system in the mini-pan with the help o f evaporation. Data acquisition was performed by an electronic circuit, which processed data and then sent the data to the microcontroller (Pic16f877). In the system, a closed loop control system based on sensing water level in the mini-pan was used to activate irrigation, thereby the system started irrigation whenever water level in the mini-pan dropped to the set level. The performance of the automated system can be increased as the irrigation timing in the software is adjusted according to plant growth stages.Keywords: automated irrigation; drip irrigation; water level sensor; irrigation controller; mini-pan.INTRODUCTIONPressurized irrigation systems when combining by an automation systems have become more effective in irrigation practices. Nowadays, the current trend has been swithcing from a manual system to automatic operations in a pressurized system and also that automation and electronics in agriculture become more popular all around the world (Josi and Gokhale, 2006). Energy savings, reduced labor cost and control in fertilizer application are among some of the major advantages in adopting auotomated techniques in drip irrigation systems (Yildirim and Demirel, 2011). Automated irrigation systems provide high crop yield, save water usage(Mulas ,1986), facilitate high frequency and low volume irrigation (Abraham et al. 2000), and also reduce human errors (Castanon, 1992). Many methods have been described and sensors developed to manage irrigation systems objectively (Salas and Urrestarazu, 2001). Recent irrigation technologies have used sophisticated equipment to supply water to the root area of plants as they need it. However, the use of these sophisticated methods is not possible for all growers. A simple irrigation system, called the irrigation control tray, was developed by Caceres et al. (2007), which activated the irrigation system with the aid of a level-control relay. Gieling (1995) stated that automation systems should be used both to measure the environmental conditions and to use in irrigation. Irrigation can be performed according to the methods of solar radiation and Class-A pan. Class-A pan has been used succesfully in all over the world to estimate evapotranspiration. Hanan (1990) reported that Class-A pan used in an greenhouse to estimate evapotranspiration has achieved the similar results as musch as the methods of radiation (FAO) and Priestley- Taylor. Jain (1975) and Sharma et al. (1975) stated Class- A pan is not appropriate for farmers to be used in an open field, so that they used a mini-pan(10.5 cm in diameter and 13.5 cm in height) to irrigate wheat and maize in an open field and obtained the correlation coefficient of 0.82 between mini-pan and Class-A pan. Palacios and Quevedo (1996) used a mini-pan consisting of double ring (the inner ring was 27.5 cm in diameter and 7.5 cm in height, the outer ring 55 cm in diameter and 22 cm in height) to schedule the irrigation program in an open field and reported to be used for irrigation. Cemek et al.(2004) observed a strong relationship between mini-pan and Class-A pan.The objective of this study was to test a prototype of a mini-pan and a water level sensor and also to modify the irrigation controller, triggered by the water level sensor in the pan, and thereby develop a simple and economical automated irrigation system appropriate for greenhouse growing of high-value crops. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe experiment was conducted outdoor of a greenhouse from May to August, 2011 at Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. The geographical location of the experimental area is 40°06'32.64'' N latitude, 26°24'45.31'' E longtitude, and has a 5-m elevation (Figure 1).Temperature (o C) and relative humidity (%) at the site were measured 1.5 m above the canopy of the plants by using a HOBO U12 instrument (Figure 2), and measurement range was from -20 0C to 70 0C for temperature, 5% to 95% for humidity.The quality of the irrigation water is given in table 1. A standard soil must have a pH value between 6.5 and 7.2 and electrical conductivity (EC) of less than 4 mS cm-1 (Ayers and Westcot, 1994). According to these values, the salinity level of the substrate was in the normal range. The irrigation water, however, was in the moderately tolerable range; it had already been used for irrigation at the site. Each pot in the experiment was applied with the same amount of fertilizers: triple super phosphate (3 g per pot), potassium sulfate (3 g per pot) and urea (3 g per pot). Urea was applied again at 15 and 20 day intervals respectively after planting at the same dosage.Components of the automated irrigation system: Nurseries planted with peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) were transplanted into pots. The substrate was a mixture of peat (1:4, v/v) and soil (3:4, v/v).), each pot contained 4L of substrate and the layout of the experiment's components is given in figure 3. The irrigation system included the following components; water storage tank (50 L); one of it was to irrigate , another one was to fill the mini-pan, submersible pump operating at 12 vdc(volts direct current) in each storage tank and 2.05A, power supply (12 vdc), pots (250x210 mm, 9 L) having a pan under it to collect water that drains, Ø16 pipes with drippers (4 L/h) at a spacing of 33 cm, with one dripper serving each pot. Valves and connection apparatus were used to integrate all items of the irrigation system.Minipan was consisting of double rings, the height of both was 20 cm, the inner ring diameter of 27 cm and the outer of 32 cm, also there was a notch at the bottom of inner ring providing water movement between them. The sensor determining the amount of allowable water to evaporate was installed inside in the inner ring. The top tube was welded to the upper point of the mini-pan to fill it and water was pumped by the irrigation controller from storage tank, when the allowable amount of water was evaporated from mini-pan. The drainage pipe was removing excess water to fix the top water level in the mini-pan to 13.5 cm after each filling process as seen figure 4.The most important and basic component of the automated irrigation system was the sensor, which detected the water level in the mini-pan. It was made of two steel rods, one rod fixed and screw one was moving up and down to adjust the amount of water allowed to evaporate. The distance between the rods was 2.5 cm. They were placed in a plastic box (width 3x3 cm, height 1 cm), then filled with silicone. At the end of the rods, the cable was connected to provide an electrical communication between the rods and the MCU (Fig. 5).A signal coming from the water level sensor was sent to the Microcontroller unit (MCU-Pic16F877) and then irrigation started and stopped according to the logic embedded in MCU. The circuit included both a buzzer to give a warning voice and an LCD to show some messages such as "1.pump run" or "2.pump run" etc. The MCU unit is a device that has programmable capability, read sensor, and controls the devices such as relays connected to the pumps( fig 3). In this experiment, the MCU was actually a controller, upon receiving a signal from the water level sensor it runs the pumps and shuts down after the procedure. The MCU has a 20 Mhz pic processor with 40-pin Dual In-line package (DIP) and runs at a relatively low voltage value of 5 vdc (Altınbasak, 2004). One pin of the MCU was assigned as an input to monitor the water level in the mini-pan in each second for all day and throughout the entire experiment. Even though circuit has 4 relays, two pins of the MCU were assigned as output pins both to pump water to the root area of the plants and to pump water to fill the mini-pan.Controller software: The irrigation controller program was written using the PicBasic Pro software program and the general strategy for the automated irrigation defined in the logic was loaded into the memory of the MCU. Hence, the logic of the irrigation strategy was defined in the MCU, having a memory of 2K, which then took over and made detailed decisions on when to apply water and how much water to apply. The dosage of water to be applied was determined according to the pumping time of water to refill the root zone as water level in the mini-pan dropped the threshold level. In the system, the feedback and control were done constantly, depending on the feedback from the sensor. Whenever a signal was sent to the MCU, the irrigation actions were carried out during the whole experiment period. Data flow diagram in the software is given in figure 6. The top water level in the mini-pan was 13.5 cm, and a signal was produced whenever the level dropped to 12 cm, thenthe MCU started irrigation and first, ran the irrigation pump for 15 minutes and second, filled the mini-pan. After completing these processes, it checked whether the mini-pan full or not. if yes, it went to back to read the sensor. If not, it sent the message "the system is out of order, please check" on LCD (Fig. 6).Irrigation applications: The irrigation treatments were arranged as follows: the required time (15 minutes) for pumping water to the root area of the plant as 30% of available soil moisture was depleted was the time required to raise moisture content of the substrate up to field capacity (FC) in each irrigation. After each irrigation, all pots were weighed manually, then the water quantities were determined by weight of the pots intended to identify evapotranspiration. Daily evapotranspiration (ET) was estimated by using the water balance method between the two irrigations(Yıldırım and Demirel, 2011).ET= [((Wi-1 -- Wi) + I -- D) / A ] i =1,2,3,…n ( 1)Where: ET is the evapotranspiration (mm), Wi-1 and Wi mass (kg) of the pot at day i-1 and i, respectively, I is the amount of irrigation water (kg), D is the quantity of the drainage water if available (kg), and A is the pot surface area (m2).Plant and fruit development parameters were observed for each plant in the treatment. Weights in gram for stem, leaf, etc. were determined by using a sensitive weighing (0.01g).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONFruit development and vegetative growth parameters were given in table 2. Even though mean fruit weight was similar to the literature, stem and leaf weight and leaf area of pepper were slightly lower than the values given for these by Yildirim (2010) and Yildirim and Demirel (2011). The action of root zone depletion and the timing of the irrigation events throughout the calendar days are shown in figure 7. The irrigation events were performed successfully between 165 and 184 days of the year as seen in fig 7, since the MCU activated the pumps whenever water level dropped to 12 cm in the mini-pan. The controller unit, however, couldn't activate the pumps on the 185th, 195th, 212nd calendar days, even water level was below 12 cm. The reason of that was an adhesion of a small piece of straw to the adjustable rod, providing a connection between water and rod. That's why, the sensor failed to produce a signal to be sent to the MCU. However, after removing the straw, the system has fulfilled its responsibilities successfully. Therefore, the average pot weights dropped up to 5146 g on the 185th day of the year.Water was applied according to the pre-set strategy by the automated system whenever water level in the mini-pan dropped to 12 cm, and the system met the water demand of plants till 185th day of the year. However, irrigation couldn't be initiated by the system on the 185th day, even though water level in the mini-panfell up to 11 cm and soil moisture level in the substrate dropped up to 5146 g also. By taking the straw away from the mini-pan, the MCU initiated irrigation and brought the pots to the weight of 6200 g and increased the water level to 13.5 cm in the mini-pan. Because of the high evaporation in July, the water in the mini-pan that allowed to evaporate was adjusted from 15 mm to 10 mm by the screw rod and irrigation started when evaporation occurs 10 mm after the calendar day of 188th . Evaporation amounts and days on when irrigation events were activated are given in figure 8. As seen in fig 8, the system performed irrigation activities successfully according to the identified strategy, since the water level in the mini pan was increased to 13.5 cm at regular intervals and this time irrigation was activated when the water level fell to 12.5 cm. The substrate moisture level in the substrate after and before irrigation is given in figure 8. Even though the system run successfully according to the identified strategy, the substrate moisture level in plant roots remained below 6000 g which was caused by the definitions of the fixed run time of the irrigation pump to the MCU, as 15 minutes. The moisture level after and before irrigation seems to parallel to each other in fig 9. It is obvious that the moisture level in the substrate started decreasing in a stepwise manner after the 185 days of the year. Stress development in pepper plants began at this time and reached to the top level on the 199 days of the year due to the lack of water of 200 g. if irrigation timing was increased in a step manner from 15 minutes to 21 minutes after 185 days of the year up to the 199 days of the year, the performance of the system would be very higher than the existing conditionThe relationships between the Class-A pan and mini-pan were given in figure 10. The amounts of evaporation in Class-A pan from June to August were 159.9, 294.1 and 61.5 mm, respectively, but those of that in the mini-pan reduced to 88.8, 127.6 and 27 mm for same months, respectively. Therefore, the correlation coefficient between Class-A pan and mini-pan were r2=0.50, which was lower than the values given in the literature. The main reason of less evaporation in the mini-pan was to place it next to the plants, which caused a reduction in the amount of evaporation by shading the mini-pan.Cemek et al. (2004) identified the correlation coefficient of evaporation occurring Class-A pan and mini-pan as 0.81. Palacios and Quevedo (1996) reported thatmini-pan can be used in irrigation scheduling. Jain (1975) and Sharma et al. (1975) found the correlation coefficient between Class-A pan and mini-pan as 0.82, and they used a mini-pan successfully in corn and wheat irrigation in open field.The prototype of the irrigation controller was tested to determine both the controller unit, sensor and software performances. In this experiment, once the general strategy was defined by the MCU, it took over and made decisions about when to apply water and how much water to apply. Yildirim and Demirel (2011) developed an irrigation controller and reported that the most important points in the automated drip irrigation system are sensor calibration and installation of the soil moisture sensor in the pot. In the experiment, depending on the feedback of thewater level sensor, the irrigation decision was made and actions were carried out throughout the entire experiment. However, plant development parameters were lower than the values given in the literature, since the irrigation timing in the software used in the experiment was simple. Therefore, irrigation timing should be defined into algorithm according to the plant growth period and the location of the mini-pan is so important, since evaporation is greatly affected when it has been under the shadow of pepper plants and doesn't reflect the evapotranspiration. When this system is used in a greenhouse, irrigation timing must be arranged according to the plant growth periods.Acknowledgements: The author is grateful for the financing of the study to Scientific Support Program of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University in Turkey, Research Project Reference No: BAP (2011-45). I also like to thank the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Agricultural Experiment Station for their assistance of this research and thanks to unknown reviewers for their valuable recommendations for this paper.Table 1. Quality of irrigation water used in the experimentp H Na%ECmScm-1SAR(meL-1)1/2RSCCationmeL-1AnionmeL-1N a K C a MgTotalHCO3CO3ClSO4Total7.320.140.98.67None1.37.173.74.69.843.8-2.83.249.84SAR = Sodium adsorption ratio, RSC = Residual sodium carbonate, me = miliequivalentsTable: 2. Plant development parametersSampling date 12 June201206 July201228 August2012Fresh Dry Fresh Dry Fresh DryMean Fruit weight(g)-- 2.57 0.19 7.370.5 Stem weight(g) 0.58 0.13 4.8 1.0 30 6 Leaf weight(g) 1.30 0.12 25.5 4.81 30 7 Leaf area (cm2) 32.3 1324 2161外文对应翻译：温室中应用水位监测传感系统的滴灌式自动化装置自动化控制系统在灌溉在最近几年中取得了相当大的进展并提供多种新的选项。
外文翻译-自动浇花系统
本科毕业设计（外文翻译）题目自动浇花系统的设计姓名刘富强专业自动化学号201042048 指导教师赵明冬郑州科技学院电气工程学院二○一四年五月New Environment Parameters Monitoring AndControl System For Greenhouse Based OnMaster-slave DistributedAbstractAccording to the actual need of monitoring and control of greenhouse environment parameters in rural areas,a master-slave distributed measurement and control system is designed,in which PC is taken as the host. The system consists of PC ,soil moisture measurement and control module,temperature and humidity, and CO2 monitoring and control module. In the system,PC has large amount of data storage which is easy to make use of fuzzy control expert system,configuration software-KingView is used to develop software for PC,by which the development cycle is shorten and a friendly human-computer interaction is provided.Each monitoring and control module consists of STC12 series of microcontrollers,sensors,relays etc.Different modules are select based on the need if system to achieve control greenhouse in partition and block.I INTRODUCTIONTo modern indoor agriculture, the automatic measurement and control of environment parameters is the key to achieve crop yield and quality of greenhouse.In recent years,facilities agriculture develops vigorously in our country,matched with it,the monitoring and control instrument of greenhouse have also made certain development.After nearly 10 years of unremitting hard work,our research team of measurement and control system of agriculture environment parameters,designed an intelligent measurement and control system of distribution combined of greenhouse which can be popularized in the vast rural areas.This system is mainly control of temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,soil moisture and illumination of greenhouse.OF SCM,as the data storage is small,display interface is single,amount of information is limited,but its capability price ratio is high,so it is used as a front unit of data acquisition and control;and of PC,it has a large amount of data storage,rich software,convenient human-computer interaction,and so on.If we use outdated and low-priced PC,taking the PC as the upper machine,taking the different function control modules composed of multiple microcomputers as the lower machines,then a master-slave distributed and intelligent control system bases on microcomputer is made up,by which both better monitoring and control,display and data collection or management are achieved,but also lower cost of system is get according to the actual need.II SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPLEThe most marked feature of the distribution combined and intelligent control system greenhouse is that of incorporating with data acquisition, control and management as a whole,module combination, simple structure,convenient human-computer interaction,and using technology of intelligent expert fuzzy control,which can adapt to a variety of crop management control in greenhouse.The basic structure of the system is shown in Fig.1.The structure of the distributed system is composed of two layers:the upper and lower.In the top-price PC is taken as the host to make system management and experts fuzzy operation in intelligent,and to provide a friendly human-computer interface,and to realize the united monitoring and management of greenhouse; the lower is composed of a series of modules of different function,and in each module,a single chip of AT89Cis adopted as the lower machine,RS485 is used to communicate PC with all AT89C,and then the collection,processing and control of the greenhouse parameters is achieved.Each function module is completely isolated in electrical,any failure on the nodule does not produce any effect on other modules.The system collects separately ways of environment information through each monitoring and control module,and sends it to host PC through the RS485 interface.And in the PC configuration control system,the acquired parameters are compared with the values of setting,then according to a variety of expert intelligent fuzzy control system of crops at different growth stages,the fuzzy control instructions on the environment temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,soil water content and the corresponding operation instructions or alarm are given.The system is applied in rural greenhouses in ually at 1/4 near East and West end in a greenhouse,and at the height of 1.5m from the ground in the middle in the northern half (near the wet curtain) and the southern half (near the fan ),a module of air temperature and humidity ,CO2 concentration and a module of soil moisture content are set;a module of soil moisture content will be added in the middle of the greenhouse according to the actual condition;at the height of 1.5m in the main entrance,a water tank is set,of which the solenoid of drip tube should be set based on the need and controlled by module of soil moisture content;and the PC is placed in the main entrance to thegreenhouse.III HARDWARE DESIGNA.The CP and communication systemIn the distributed system of data acquisition and control,as the micro control unit is limited in data storage and slow in calculating of complex functions,so PC is used and the master-slave module is adopted in the system,that is a system of,taking PC as the host and taking the SCM systems located in the scene as slave.In this distributed system,communication is the key to it.Generally,the serial port of PC is standard RS232,of which transmission distance is shorter.But in agriculture control system.its communication distance is of tens of meters or several kilometers, so RS232/RS485 converter is used to achieve communication between the PC and SCM.To reduce investment,both considering the user convenience and friendly human-computer interaction,low-price PC of above 486 and below PIV is adopted;and considering the operation of configuration software,it is required that memory is 64M or above and hard disk is 10Gb or above.B. The control modules of temperature and humidity,illuminance and CO2 concentrationEach control unit consists of SCM,sensors,signal processing circuit,RS485 interface and output circuit.The hardware structure ofmodule of temperature and humidity,CO2 concentration is shown in Fig.2.CO2 concentration is measured by sensor based on NDIR technology,measurement is of 0~2×103mol.Through the sensor,control system,by software of digital filter,linear interpolation and temperature compensation,the CO2 concentration is output as digital adhered to UART protocol,and then is input directly to the SCM.The new intelligent sensor of SHT11 based on CMOSens technology is chosen in the measurement of temperature and humidity.In SHT11,the temperature and humidity sensors,signal amplification,A/D,I2C bus are all integrated in a chip;it has full-scale calibration,second-line digital output,and humidity measuring range of 0~100% RH,temperature measurement range of -40℃~+123.8℃,humidity measurement accuracy of ±3.0% RH,temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.4℃,the response time of <4s.The illuminance sensor of JY1-TBQ-6 of silicon photovoltaicdetection is used Light measuring.Its measurement range is 0~200,000 Lux;spectral range is 400~700(nm) visible light;measurement error is less than 2%; output is 4~20mA or 0~20mV;output signal can be directly send to the A/D of the SCM after being amplified to 0~4V.Modules accept the instructions form the the Upper,and output via the output circuit .The output circuit consists of optical isolation,the signal driver and the output relays.C. The measurement and control modules of soil moistureWater is a polar medium, the dielectric constant of the soil containing water is mainly determined by the water,when water content is different,the wave impedance is different.The soil moisture is measured by standing wave radio method in this system.Based on the theory of Engineering Electromagnetic Field,for lossy medium,the electromagnetic wave impedance as follows:Z0=√μ/ε(1+jλ/(ωε))Where μ is medium permeability,and μ of soil is μ≈μ0 is the vacuum permeabil ity;ε is medium dielectric constant;λ is medium conductivity;ω is electromagnetic wave frequency.In the very low audio(<2000Hz),the loss tangent of dry soil dielectric is λ/ωε≈0.07,if you choose the frequency of the signal source at above 20MHz.then,ε≈ε∞,the imaginary part of the soil wave impedance is neglect,only the real part,which amounts to a pure resistance.Soil moisture sensor consists of 100MHz signal source,a coaxial transmission line and a 4-pin stainless probe.The electromagnetic waves of signal transmit to the probe along the lines.As the probe impedance and line impedance are different,the superimposition of incident waves and reflected waves forms a standing waves.Taking the coaxial transmission line as a lossless uniform line,wave impedance is Z0,Z l is the load impedance.Then the reflected coefficient of voltage wave at the probe is:Γ=（Z L-Z0）/(Z L+Z0)Choosing the length of transmission line is l=λ/4,the maximum and minimum of both ends of the line are U max and U min,Then the standing wave radio in the line can be expressed as:S=U max /U min =(1-|Γ|)/(1+|Γ|)In the way,the soil moisture radio can be measured by measuring the standing wave rate of transmission line.As shown in Fig.3.,soil moisture module consists of sensors and controllers,the sensors are subordinated to controllers,controllers can be omitted without the need of irrigation in greenhouse.To simplify the control,irrigation technology of node-type in partition is adopted in the control soil moisture in this system.To a certain extent,the parameters of upper and lower the ground can be decoupled by adopting this technology.IV CONTROL SYSTEM PROGRAMMINGThe software of PC is developed by KingView 6.51 of Beijing-controlled Asia.This configuration software has high reliability,shorter development cycle,perfect capability of graphical interface generation,and friendly human-computer interaction;and can create dynamic images and charts in accordance with the layout of equipment in the scene;can visually display the changes of parameters,control status,and can give an alarm when over-limited;and can achieve fuzzy control of greenhouse parameters by using the history curve of environment parameters stored in the specific database and adopting the agricultural expert system.The software of SCM of the slave is developed by Keil C51 to achieve real-time collecting,processing,uploading of the parameters and accept the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and complete local control of the device.A.Program design of the control moduleThe software of the sub-slave machine of soil moisture module,that include the main function,subroutines of data acquisition and processing,interrupt handling and communicating etc,read the value of standing wave voltage through the parallel data port and obtained the value of soil moisture content by function calculating.The software of the slave machine of monitoring and control of soil moisture mainly complete data communication with the sub-slave machine,uploading measurement data and current control state to the host computer,accepting the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and output the implementation instructions.The software of the slave machine of temperature and humidity,and CO2 mainly complete reading data of CO2 concentrations and temperature and humidity through the I2C concentration,uploading measurement data and current control state to the host computer,accepting the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and output the implementation instructions.The structure of the main program and interrupt subroutine of temperature and humidity module are shown in Fig.4.The serial interrupt mode 3 is adopted by all slaves to communicate with the host,transmit the digital collecting and receive instructions.B. Program design of PC and fuzzy control system1)The communication settings of KingView 6.51:In order to ensurethe correctness of communication,the upper and lower must follow the same communication protocol,set the communication ually in communication,master-slave mode is adopted in style and responder is adopted in the process.That is ,the master sent a command to the slave first,then et slave give an answer after receiving the command,thus once communication is completed.In KingView ,a scheduled polling method is adopted to do reading and writing between the lower machine by PC.In the project browser of KingView,first,click device →COM1;in the wizard of device configuration,select intelligent modules→SCM→current SCM of HEX→serial port,and then ser parameters for the host computer’s communication.2)The connection of KingView 6.51 and database:Database is the core of the software,that not only contains the definition of variables,real-time parameters and the historical parameters,but also is needed by parameters alarming,fuzzy calculating,reporting ,and displaying.Access2003 desktop database is used as records database of the system,and by using SQL,it is operated by KingView via ODBC.The procedure is :to create data variables in KingView to create a body of records to establish a data source of ODBC to create query screens and make the screen connection.To connected with Microsoft Access2003,the functions of SQLConnect(),SQLSelect(),SQLLast(),SQLNext(),SQLFist(),SQLPrew(),SQLInsrt(),and so on,should be implemented in the command language,and then real-time storage and inquiry of data are completed.3)Software design of PC :For the control system of greenhouse,data storage capacity of the PC is unlimited,so if the existing mature software modules are include into the system,it both be relaxed and can improve the system reliability.The software of software consists of control module and management module.V CONCLUSIONAccording to the economic bearing capacity of farmer in Qinhuangdao ,with the existing technology of monitoring and control of environment parameters of greenhouse,a master-slave distributed automatic control system of greenhouse environment in which PC is taken as the host computer is developed.The system has following characteristics:1)With the large amount of data storage of PC,fuzzy control expert system is easy of data storage,modification and system upgrading.2)By using KingView to develop software of PC,the system reliability is improved,and the development cycle is shorten,and a friendly human-computer interface is get.3)A distributed and modular structure is used in the system,it makes the system maintenance easier and adapts to production needs more. The monitoring and control modules of the slave are connectedto the host through the RS485 bus based on needs,then the control of greenhouse in partition or block can be achieved.基于新的温室环境参数监测和控制系统根据实际在农村地区的温室环境参数的监测和控制，主从分布式测量和控制系统的设计需要，以其中一台计算机作为主机，该系统由PC、土壤水分测量和控制模块，温度、湿度、CO2监测和控制模块组成。
会自动浇花的花盆450字作文
会自动浇花的花盆450字作文英文回答：There is a smart flowerpot that can automatically water the flowers. It is equipped with sensors that can detectthe moisture level of the soil. When the soil becomes dry, the flowerpot will automatically release water to hydrate the plants.The smart flowerpot is connected to a water source,such as a water tank or a tap. It has a small pump that can draw water from the source and deliver it to the plants.The pump is controlled by a microcontroller, which receives signals from the sensors and activates the pump when necessary.In addition to watering the plants, the smart flowerpot also has other features. It can be programmed to water the plants at specific times of the day or at regular intervals. This is particularly useful for people who have busyschedules and may forget to water their plants regularly.The smart flowerpot can also be connected to a smartphone app, allowing users to monitor the moisture level of the soil and control the watering schedule remotely. This is convenient for those who travel frequently or are away from home for extended periods of time.中文回答：有一种智能花盆可以自动给花浇水。
关于花草自动浇水系统研究-外文文献
1 introduction
With the social modernization step speeding up, automation has become a development topics in today's world. Flower's growth needs to have certain environmental conditions, these conditions are mainly temperature, moisture, illumination, air composition, composition, physical and mechanical properties of soil and nutrient solution temperature and composition, etc. Flowers can be a good growth is most important of which is the suitability for soil moisture. How to control soil moisture effectively and timely problem has already become the flowers AiHuaZhe most issue of concern. Flower proverbs said: "don't live in the water, long is fat". Potted flowers and plants due to the volume small, poor water retention performance, large evaporation nor groundwater supply limited by certain conditions, such as the reason, not to drought, water is particularly important. If potted flower water, plant physiological activities will damage in the body, the absorption of potassium, boron, calcium phosphate is weak, and the lack of these elements can lead to poor growing point nearby growth. Potted flower water shortage will cause soil nutrient concentrations are relatively high, also appear the most easily hurt "fat" [. Flowers grow, most come from the soil absorption, keep soil moisture content, appropriate is the normal development of flowers and necessary conditions to obtain higher GuanShangPin qualitative. Common flowers according to the water requirement of habits and the different water environment adaptability, can be divided into aquatic flowers and plants, wet flowers, flowers and xerophytic flowers in four. The amount of water in different we need to water the flowers are not the same as [3]. Different flower water demand is different, the same flower in different growth stage required quantity is also different. Flowers requirement for soil water varies in each growth stage. We according to the growing season and growth period of flower arrange . To sum up, the reasonable water potted flower is
自动浇花器作文
自动浇花器作文The automatic watering system is a technological innovation that has revolutionized the way we care for our plants. 这种自动浇水系统是一种技术创新，已经彻底改变了我们照顾植物的方式。
One of the key advantages of an automatic watering system is the convenience it offers. 通过自动浇水系统，我们可以轻松地对植物进行定时浇水。
Imagine not having to worry about remembering to water your plants every day – the automatic watering system takes care of that for you. 想象一下不用担心每天记得给植物浇水——自动浇水系统为你打理这些。
This can be especially helpful for individuals who may have busy schedules or are forgetful when it comes to plant care. 这对于那些可能有忙碌日程或在植物护理方面健忘的人来说尤其有帮助。
Another benefit of an automatic watering system is the ability to provide consistent and precise watering for your plants. 自动浇水系统的另一个好处是能够为植物提供一致和精确的浇水。
This can help prevent both over-watering and under-watering, which are common problems that can lead to damaged or unhealthy plants. 这可以帮助防止过度浇水和欠水，这是可能导致植物受损或不健康的常见问题。
文献翻译-关于花草自动浇水系统研究
英文翻译系别专业班级学生姓名学号指导教师Research automatic watering system1 introductionWith the social modernization step speeding up, automation has become a development topics in today's world. Flower's growth needs to have certain environmental conditions, these conditions are mainly temperature, moisture, illumination, air composition, composition, physical and mechanical properties of soil and nutrient solution temperature and composition, etc. Flowers can be a good growth is most important of which is the suitability for soil moisture. How to control soil moisture effectively and timely problem has already become the flowers AiHuaZhe most issue of concern. Flower proverbs said: "don't live in the water, long is fat". Potted flowers and plants due to the volume small, poor water retention performance, large evaporation nor groundwater supply limited by certain conditions, such as the reason, not to drought, water is particularly important. If potted flower water, plant physiological activities will damage in the body, the absorption of potassium, boron, calcium phosphate is weak, and the lack of these elements can lead to poor growing point nearby growth. Potted flower water shortage will cause soil nutrient concentrations are relatively high, also appear the most easily hurt "fat" [. Flowers grow, most come from the soil absorption, keep soil moisture content, appropriate is the normal development of flowers and necessary conditions to obtain higher GuanShangPin qualitative. Common flowers according to the water requirement of habits and the different water environment adaptability, can be divided into aquatic flowers and plants, wet flowers, flowers and xerophytic flowers in four. The amount of water in different we need to water the flowers are not the same as [3]. Different flower water demand is different, the same flower in different growth stage required quantity is also different. Flowers requirement for soil water varies in each growth stage. We according to the growing season and growth periodof flower arrange . To sum up, the reasonable water potted flower is particularly important. With the constant improvement of automation equipment, all kinds of automatic watering the flowers device also from time to time into the society. According to soil moisture sensor design of automatic watering flowers system can according to crops and different growth stages to the specific needs of environmental conditions, adjust to control soil moisture flowers, let the flower can grow well.2 automatic watering technique3.1 based on PC technology research with the development of computer technology with each passing day, the PC can not only used in scientific computing, data processing, etc., are widely used in industrial production of automatic control, automatic watering flowers requires real-time detection of soil moisture. "Real time" refers to the timely response to a random request of external events, and fast enough to complete the processing of external events, real-time control of all equipment and real-time tasks coordinated operation . The main characteristics of the real-time system is real-time and reliability. With the constant improvement of the PC performance and reliability, PC machine widely used in real-time systems, and the current general operating system based on PC (such as WINDOW S systems) do not have good real-time performance, can not satisfy most timing indicator of real-time systems. In order to be able to realize the main control PC and the task of data exchange between PC, WINDOWS and real-time operating systems must be developed to the communication protocol of data exchange platform, it can be based on a serial port, parallel port, network adapter and USB I/O devices, etc. 3.2 based on the PIC microcontroller technology research of PIC series single chip microcomputer is produced by Microchip companies in the United States, is one of the most widely used PIC16C57 MCU series, there is a lot of about the application of the single-chip microcomputer. The microcontroller using concise RISC structure, two stage instruction pipeline, structure can be completed in a period at the same time the execution of an instruction and the next instruction to take; Using harvard storagestructure of double bus, the data and instructions completely separated from the transfer bus, avoid the occurrence of the bottleneck problems; Itself with 8-bit A/D conversion parts, with the synchronous serial port module. Solved the sensor detection by scaling, display shows garbled, due to interference of electromagnetic valve actuators are some problems such as wrong operation, such as automatic watering system able to better use and flowers, but traditional programming and 51 MCU has certain difference, can't quickly grasp. 3.3 research based on the technology of MCS - 51 single chip microcomputer MCS - 51 series microcontroller is the more familiar with the single chip microcomputer, in the literature is the use of AT89C51, the microcontroller is integrated in a chip CPU, RAM, ROM, timer/counter and multifunction I/O needed by a computer, such as the basic features, programming is simple. Based on this series single chip microcomputer intelligent control system through the rational allocation of hardware, software design, design a set of low cost, high degree of automation of flowers automatic watering system, convenient operation, high performance/price ratio, and control of flexible controller, easy to use, market supply adequate, have greater prospects for development.3 the flowers, the main application of automatic watering systemFlower automatic watering system application is very extensive. It not only can be used in domestic potted flower, after transformation can also be used in farmland, etc. We usually common drip irrigation is disguised usage of flower automatic watering system. In recent 10 years, the drip irrigation technology in our country development speed has been ranked among the top of the world, drip irrigation is mainly used in the field (cotton, corn, grape, pepper, etc.) greenhouses orchards and green belts in recent years, drip irrigation application field appeared some new changes, by greenhouses indoor small unit drip drip irrigation extension to the outdoor large outdoor unit; By the ground accumulates drip XiangShanOu steep development; The vegetables drip drip irrigation extends to a variety of cash crops; By farm centralized area small area scattered to the rural development; With dripirrigation of high value-added crops spread to the general economic crops. In addition, the highway along the railway and also begin using drip irrigation in desert control sand greening also further application in non-agricultural sectors such as urban green space roof garden trees, although less dosage, but for the future promotion of drip irrigation provides a wider market, believe that along with the advancement of socialist new rural construction and build a conservation-minded society's development request, the application of drip irrigation technology has become more popular. Automatic drip irrigation system is the world's advanced countries important measures for the development of efficient agricultural water saving, Israel, Japan, the United States and some other countries have adopted advanced water-saving irrigation system. By traditional irrigation to non full irrigation development fully, by means of remote sensing, sensors for monitoring soil moisture and crop growth, monitoring and prediction of irrigated water, realize automatic remote control of water management in irrigated area of dynamic management, realize the automation of irrigation water management in agriculture. In the automatic control system for popularizing agricultural irrigation area reasonably, especially in arid and semiarid region, not only can improve the utilization of water resources, alleviate the problem of the growing scarcity of water resources, also can increase crop yield, reduce the cost of agricultural products. Efficient agriculture and precision agriculture requires us to improve the utilization rate of water resources and will be developed, ShuPeiShui water, irrigation, water resources reasonable use and rainfall, evaporation, soil moisture and crop water requirement law aspects into consideration, reasonable deployment of water resources comprehensive many factors. Therefore, development and promotion of agricultural water-saving irrigation control the urgent needs of the new technology is to realize the agricultural modernization.4 the flowers, the development prospects of automatic watering systemWith the continuous development of society automation equipment is more and more common, flowers, of course, automatic water system will be widely used. Because people always busy forget to his beloved potted flower, or because to take care of considerate enough so that the flowers wither away, automatic watering system is solved the problem very well. Flowers can according to need to adjust the humidity range automatic watering system, which is designed according to the water requirement of different plant habit. In later life, it will no longer be confined to the application of flowers, can also be used for farmland crops5 conclusionFlower automatic watering system with convenient, cost-effective and can meet the needs of some urban busy crowd and some AiHuaZhe and more and more get the welcome of people. Now in the market sales of some automatic watering device mainly use time function for automatic watering flowers, although can be automated but not real-time detection of soil moisture resulting in floral water control is not strict, eventually flowers can't grow very well. In this paper, some new design methods, improve the degree of automation, intelligent automatic watering flowers, believe this system will get the favour of broad AiHuaZhe. This paper to solve the detection problem of an equipment of automatic watering the flowers on the market, according to the requirements of the flowers to water strictly feasible design scheme is proposed. Using single chip microcomputer AT89C52, soil temperature and humidity sensor, electromagnetic valve, and some peripheral components, set up a soil humidity real-time detection and control system. This control system has simple structure, high reliability, low cost and easy to extend function advantage, I believe once the promotion market will bring considerable economic benefit and social benefit.关于花草自动浇水系统研究1引言随着当今社会现代化脚步的加快，自动化已成为当今世界的发展主题。
毕业论文设计盆花自动浇水系统
题目盆花自动浇水系统的设计与实现学生某某 ***** 学号 1013014014 所在学院物理与电信工程学院专业班级电子***指导教师******** __ _完成地点某某理工学院2014年 6月16日盆花自动浇水系统的设计与实现*****〔某某理工学院物理与电信工程学院电子信息工程专业，20**级*班，某某某某 723003〕指导教师：******［摘要］本次设计的盆花自动浇水系统用STC89C52RC单片机为主控芯片，用DHT11温湿度传感器进展土壤温湿度的检测，用时钟芯片DS1302进展定时控制，并通过雨水检测器进展雨水检测，再将温湿度采集结果与当前时间在LCD1602显示屏上进展显示。
如遇雨天自动停止浇水，否如此假如湿度低于设定的下限值时，单片机输出一个控制信号，蓝灯亮，继电器工作，开始浇水；假如湿度高于上限值时，单片机输出一个控制信号，蓝灯灭，继电器关闭，停止浇水。
[关键词]STC89C52RC ；温湿度传感器DHT11 ；时钟芯片DS1302 ；液晶显示器LCD ；继电器The design and implementation of the potted flowerautomatic watering system******(Class*,20**, School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering,Electronics and Information Engineering Dept, Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723003,Shaanxi)Tutor:******Abstract:The design of the potted flower automatic watering system with STC89C52RC microcontroller as main control chip, using DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors for the detection of soil temperature and humidity, applying a time clock chip DS1302 for timing control, and through the rain detector testform rain, and temperature and humidity collection results and the current time on the LCD1602 screen for display.In case of rain automatically stop watering, otherwise if the humidity is below the lower limit set by the microcontroller outputs a control signal, blue lights, relays, start watering; If the humidity is higher than the upper limit, the microcontroller outputs a control signal, the blue light off, relay closed and stop watering.Keyword:STC89C52RC;DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor;DS1302 clock chip;liquid crystal display LCD;relay目录引言11 设计方案选择3342 主要元器件介绍52.1STC89C52单片机 (5)682.4DS1302时钟芯片103 硬件电路设计13晶振电路13复位电路133.3DHT11温湿度传感器模块133.4LCD显示模块14定时器模块14按键模块15雨水检测器模块15继电器电路154 软件设计174.1土壤温湿度的检测与浇水控制系统 (17)4.2定时器的设置与浇水控制系统 (17)5 安装与调试19195.2定时器的设置与浇水控制系统 (20)总结22致谢23参考文献24附录A 外文翻译25附录B 整理电路图33附录C 实物图34附录D元器件清单35附录E 程序36引言“有喜有忧，有笑有泪，有花有果，有香有色〞这是老舍先生对养花的乐趣和对生活热爱的朴实表述。
自动浇水花盆 作文
自动浇水花盆作文英文回答：Automatic watering flower pots are a great invention that has made gardening much easier and more convenient. With the help of technology, these pots are able to provide the right amount of water to the plants, ensuring their proper growth and health.One of the main advantages of automatic watering flower pots is that they save a lot of time and effort. As a busy person, I often find it difficult to remember to water my plants regularly. However, with these pots, I don't have to worry about forgetting to water them. The pots are equipped with sensors that detect the moisture level of the soil and automatically release water when needed. This means that even if I am away for a few days, my plants will still receive the necessary hydration.Another benefit of automatic watering flower pots isthat they prevent overwatering. Overwatering is a common mistake that many gardeners make, which can lead to rootrot and other plant diseases. These pots have a built-in system that ensures the plants receive just the right amount of water, preventing any excess water from accumulating in the soil. This not only keeps the plants healthy, but also saves water in the long run.In addition, automatic watering flower pots are environmentally friendly. They use water efficiently and only provide water when it is needed. This reduces water wastage and helps conserve this precious resource. Moreover, these pots are often made from recycled materials, further reducing their environmental impact.Furthermore, these pots are also aesthetically pleasing. They come in various designs and colors, allowing me to choose the ones that complement my garden or indoor space. Some pots even have LED lights that create a beautiful ambiance at night. This adds a touch of elegance and sophistication to my garden or home.Overall, automatic watering flower pots have revolutionized the way we take care of our plants. They save time and effort, prevent overwatering, are environmentally friendly, and add beauty to our surroundings. With these pots, gardening has become much more enjoyable and stress-free.中文回答：自动浇水花盆是一项伟大的发明，使园艺工作变得更加轻松和便利。
盆花自动浇水系统的设计与实现
盆花自动浇水系统的设计与实现THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AUTOMATIC FLOWERWATERING SYSTEM专业：电气工程及其自动化姓名：指导教师姓名：申请学位级别：学士论文提交日期：2012年6月10日学位授予单位：天津科技大学摘要随着社会经济的发展，人们生活水平的提高，花卉逐渐收到人们的青睐，可以说绿色植物正逐渐成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
很多家庭都种植有花卉植物，这些植物不仅美化了人们的生活，工作环境，还能净化空气，陶冶情操，人们看见往往会赏心悦目。
众所周知，花没有了水就会枯萎，当主人外出旅游或出差时，这些花卉植物就会处于无人浇水的境地，所以设计一种可以自动对花卉按时浇水，且浇水量可根据土壤的实际湿度而按时调整的盆花自动浇水系统是十分必要的。
而单片机作为能实现这一功能的元器件当然当仁不让的成为了主角。
利用单片机设计一款家庭智能浇花器，小者来说实现自动浇花，节省人力，当人们外出的时候，不至于影响花卉的生长，如果在家也可以关断浇花器，手动浇花。
往大的方面，盆花自动浇水系统还可以拓展到农业的庄稼自动浇水，果树自动浇水和园林的草地自动喷灌等好多方面。
盆花自动浇水系统虽然有局限性，但是弄懂其精髓，会有举一反三的效果关键词:数码管；单片机；湿度传感器；按键； DS1302；继电器；定时；切换；湿度检测ABSTRACTPulse information in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine is very important significance, as this information has always been the clinical diagnosis and treatment of medical attention. This thesis is based on microprocessor-type pulse detector means, the main research work are as follows: pulse with infrared photoelectric sensor that detects the body's pulse signal, after two second-order, low pass filter circuit effectively removes frequency noise. Get the analog signal and then through the A / D converted into digital signals, input microcontroller. Single chip pick digital signal pulse of real-time acquisition and analysis of the data processing. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the effective pickup pulse signals, to reduce unnecessary interference power, specially designed for the entire system of linear DC power supply. System can display real time measured by the pulse beats, per minute and the pulse will be measured by comparing the situation with the normal. If the results are quite different, the system will automatically set sound and light alarm. After debugging, the system can more accurately read the pulse of the pulse sensors pick up information, and can display and alarm, so as to achieve the desired design goals. The whole system has a simple structure, small size, high reliability, low cost and easy to use and so on, with higher versatility and value in applications. Keywords:LCD1602; SCM; Pulse transducer; Low amplifier circuit目录第一章绪论 (1)第一节本课题的研究背景和意义 (1)第二节盆花自动浇水系统的研究状况 (2)第二章盆花自动浇水系统的结构设计 (4)第一节盆花自动浇水系统简介 (4)第二节系统的总体结构 (7)第三章系统硬件设计 (9)第一节温湿度传感器模块 (9)第二节DS1302模块 (10)第三节数码管模块 (18)第四章系统软件设计 (26)第一节软件主程序 (26)第二节各模块驱动程序 (29)第五章结论 (35)参考文献致谢附录 1附录 2附录 3第一章绪论第一节本课题的研究背景和意义随着社会的进步经济的发展，人们生活质量的逐渐提高，花卉受到了人们的青睐。
自动浇花器作文500字
自动浇花器作文500字英文回答：Automatic Flower Watering System.An automatic flower watering system is a device designed to automatically water plants without the need for manual intervention. It is a convenient and efficient solution for those who have a busy schedule or may forget to water their plants regularly.The system consists of several components, including a water reservoir, a pump, a timer, and a network of pipes or hoses. The water reservoir holds a large amount of water, ensuring that the plants have a constant supply. The pump is responsible for drawing water from the reservoir and distributing it to the plants. The timer controls the frequency and duration of watering, allowing for customization based on the specific needs of different plants.The system can be programmed to water the plants at specific times of the day or at regular intervals. This ensures that the plants receive the right amount of water without over or under-watering. Some advanced systems even have sensors that detect the moisture levels in the soil and adjust the watering accordingly.The benefits of using an automatic flower watering system are numerous. Firstly, it saves time and effort, as there is no need to manually water the plants every day. Secondly, it helps to prevent over-watering, which can lead to root rot and other plant diseases. Thirdly, it ensures consistent watering, even when the owner is away on vacation or business trips.中文回答：自动浇花器。
自动浇花系统
目录摘要 (I)关键词 (I)一、绪论 (1)1。
1 课题背景 (1)1。
2 研究目的及意义 (1)二、系统功能与特色 (1)2.1系统功能特色简介 (1)2。
2系统硬件电路整体框架图 (2)三、自动浇花控制系统硬件系统设计与选型 (2)3。
1 单片机的选择 (2)3。
2 土壤湿度传感器的选型及简介 (3)3。
2。
1 土壤湿度传感器的选型 (3)3。
2.2 土壤湿度传感器的简介 (4)3.3显示屏的选择及简介 (4)3。
3.1显示屏的选择 (4)3.3.2 LCD12864基本介绍 (5)3.3。
3 LCD12864基本特性及接口说明 (5)3。
3.4 LCD12864显示屏电路图 (5)3。
4时钟芯片的介绍 (6)3。
5 复位电路 (6)3。
6 键盘电路的设计 (7)3.7 报警电路的设计 (8)3.8 浇花系统的简介 (8)四、自动浇花控制软件系统设计 (9)4.1 软件设计整体结构图 (10)4。
2 按键处理子程序的设计 (11)4.3 土壤湿度传感器A/D转换设计 (11)五、综合调试 (12)5.1 硬件调试 (12)5。
2 软件调试 (13)5。
3 系统整体调试 (13)六、成品效果展示 (13)结论 (15)致谢语 (16)参考文献 (16)附录Ⅰ (16)基于单片机的自动浇花系统王文伟（重庆市三峡学院机械工程学院系机械设计专业2010级重庆万州 404000）摘要随着现代化脚步的加快,自动化已成为当今社会的发展主题，当然花卉自动浇水系统也越来越受到养花者的青睐,有些人喜欢养花或是盆景类的观赏性植物，可是他们又经常出差或较长时间外出而不能给它们浇水、照顾它们，因而放弃了这一爱好。
所以如何更加方便，合理的进行植物养殖成为了智能家居设计的一个焦点。
本系统为基于STC12C5A60S2单片机的智能浇花系统.主要由土壤湿度传感器采集、时间显示、浇水设置、浇水六大模块组成。
实现全天性的对植物湿度信息采集。
改善浇水系统英语作文
改善浇水系统英语作文Improving the Watering System。
Watering plants is an essential part of gardening, but it can be a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. To improve efficiency and effectiveness, many gardeners have turned to advanced watering systems. In this essay, we will explore the various ways to improve the watering system and the benefits it brings to gardening.One of the most popular ways to improve the watering system is by installing a drip irrigation system. This system delivers water directly to the roots of the plants, reducing water waste and minimizing evaporation. It also allows for precise control over the amount of water each plant receives, ensuring that they get just the right amount of moisture they need. Additionally, drip irrigation systems can be automated, saving gardeners time and effort.Another way to improve the watering system is by usinga soaker hose. Similar to drip irrigation, a soaker hose delivers water directly to the base of the plants. It is a cost-effective and efficient way to water plants, as it reduces water runoff and evaporation. Soaker hoses are also easy to install and can be used in various garden settings, from vegetable gardens to flower beds.In addition to these advanced watering systems, there are also simple yet effective ways to improve thetraditional watering methods. For example, using a watering can with a narrow spout allows for precise watering, ensuring that the water reaches the roots of the plants without splashing onto the leaves. This helps to prevent diseases and fungal growth, which can occur when thefoliage remains wet for extended periods.Furthermore, mulching the soil is another effective way to improve the watering system. Mulch helps to retain moisture in the soil, reducing the frequency of watering and preventing water loss through evaporation. It also helps to regulate soil temperature, suppress weeds, and improve the overall health of the plants.By improving the watering system, gardeners can enjoy a range of benefits. Firstly, it saves time and effort, as advanced watering systems can be automated and require less manual labor. This allows gardeners to focus on other aspects of gardening, such as planting, pruning, and harvesting. Secondly, it conserves water, as advanced watering systems are designed to minimize water waste and evaporation. This is not only beneficial for the environment but also helps to reduce water bills for gardeners. Lastly, it promotes healthier plants, as precise watering and soil moisture control contribute to theoverall well-being of the plants.In conclusion, improving the watering system is essential for efficient and effective gardening. Whether it is through the installation of advanced watering systems like drip irrigation and soaker hoses, or through simple yet effective methods like using a watering can with a narrow spout and mulching the soil, there are various ways to enhance the way we water our plants. By doing so, gardeners can save time and effort, conserve water, andpromote healthier plants, ultimately leading to a more successful and enjoyable gardening experience.。
毕业设计(论文)-基于AT89C52单片机的自动浇花系统
毕业设计（论文）-基于A T89C52单片机的自动浇花系统. 课题：自动浇花系统摘要本系统以方便人们花卉的浇水，实现智能浇花，让人们从繁琐的浇花工作中解放出来，自动浇花系统的设计和应用应运而生。
本系统采用AT89C52单片机，配以相应的外围电路完成土壤含水量的检测和自动浇花的控制过程。
由土壤湿度传感器采集土壤信息，再经过信息处理模块处理后由ADC0832 A/D转换芯片转换成数字信号，AT89C52单片机作为控制中心。
配以DS1302 时钟芯片、LCD1602液晶显示模块等组成数据处理控制模块，实现智能浇花，显示时钟功能。
通过一系列的设计实现，简单的电路及低价的成本实现自动浇花系统是可行的，进一步可以推广到蔬菜大棚，园林，草地等的自动浇灌管理。
对于实现科技服务生活具有重要意义。
关键词：浇花，AT89C52单片机，ADC0832，DS1302，土壤湿度传感器，时钟AbstractThis system for people convenience and intelligent water flowers and plants， let people work from trival watering the flowers liberate，automatic watering the flowers system design and application arises at the historic moment. The system uses the AT89C52 single chip computer，match with corresponding buffer circuit for the soil moisture content detection and finish the control process of automatic watering the flowers. From the soil humidity sensors to collect soil information， and then after the information processing module processing by ADC0832 after A/D conversion chip converted into digital signals， AT89C52 single chip computer as the control center. Match with DS1302 clock chip， LCD1602 LCD module data processing control module， realize intelligent water flowers，display clock function. Through a series of design and implementation， simple circuit and low cost to implement the automatic watering the flowers system is feasible， further can be extended to vegetable shed， garden， the automatic watering system. For technology service life is Important significance.Keywords: water flowers， AT89C52， ADC0832， DS1302， soil moisture sensor， clock目录1 前言......................................................... １1.1论文设计的意义.......................................................................................................... １1.2湿度测量方法及湿度测量方案.................................................................................. １1.3论文的主要内容.......................................................................................................... ３2 自动浇花系统的基本理论....................................... ４2.1土壤湿度传感器.......................................................................................................... ４2.2土壤湿度信号转换...................................................................................................... ４2.3土壤湿度信号调理...................................................................................................... ５3 系统硬件设计................................................. ６3.1系统技术指标.............................................................................................................. ６3.2系统框图...................................................................................................................... ６3.3芯片选择...................................................................................................................... ６3.4系统传感电路设计...................................................................................................... ８3.4.1 土壤湿度传感器的设计................................................................................... ８3.4.2 土壤湿度信号调理电路................................................................................. ９3.4.3 A/D转换处理模块..................................................................................... １２3.5系统显示电路设计.................................................................................................. １３3.5.1 显示模块的选择........................................................................................... １３3.5.2 显示电路....................................................................................................... １４3.6系统控制电路设计.................................................................................................. １５3.6.1 按键电路....................................................................................................... １５3.6.2 电磁阀控制电路........................................................................................... １６3.7电路原理图.............................................................................................................. １６4 系统软件设计............................................... １８4.1总设计框图.............................................................................................................. １８4.2传感转换流程图...................................................................................................... １８4.3控制模块流程图...................................................................................................... １９5 系统调试................................................... ２１5.1 系统硬件测试......................................................................................................... ２１5.2 系统的软件测试..................................................................................................... ２１5.3系统整体调试.......................................................................................................... ２１5.4系统测量与误差分析.............................................................................................. ２２6 总结...................................................... ２３附录......................................................... ２４附录A 原理图................................................ ２４附录B PCB图................................................ ２５附录C 程序 ................................................ ２６参考文献..................................................... ４１致谢......................................................... ４３1 前言1.1论文设计的意义在电子技术日新月异的今天，生活中到处都可以看到嵌入式单片机的应用实例。
智能浇花系统系统的毕业设计
智能浇花系统系统的毕业设计英文回答：Abstract.This graduation project aims to develop a smart watering system utilizing advanced sensors and IoT connectivity to optimize plant irrigation and water conservation. The system comprises several automated components, including soil moisture sensors, water valves, and a central controller. The sensors monitor soil moisture levels in real-time, triggering the water valves to dispense precise amounts of water when necessary. The controller manages the irrigation schedule based on pre-defined parameters, ensuring efficient water usage and healthy plant growth.System Architecture.The smart watering system is designed with a modulararchitecture, consisting of the following components:Soil Moisture Sensors: Capacitive sensors continuously monitor soil moisture content, providing real-time data to the controller.Water Valves: Solenoid valves are connected to the water supply and are controlled by the controller to dispense water as needed.Central Controller: A microcontroller serves as the brain of the system, collecting data from the sensors, managing the watering schedule, and actuating the water valves.IoT Connectivity: The controller is connected to a cloud platform via Wi-Fi or cellular connectivity, enabling remote access and data analysis.Features.The smart watering system offers several key features:Automated Irrigation: The system automatically irrigates plants based on soil moisture levels, eliminating the need for manual watering.Precise Water Control: The water valves dispense precise amounts of water, ensuring plants receive the optimal amount of moisture.Water Conservation: The system optimizes water usage by only watering when necessary, preventing overwatering and water waste.Plant Health Monitoring: The soil moisture data can be analyzed to monitor plant health and identify potential issues early on.Remote Access: The IoT connectivity allows users to remotely monitor the system, adjust watering schedules, and receive alerts from anywhere with an internet connection.Implementation and Testing.The smart watering system was implemented using a microcontroller, soil moisture sensors, water valves, and an IoT module. The system was tested in a controlled greenhouse environment using various plant species and soil conditions. The results demonstrated that the system effectively maintained optimal soil moisture levels, resulting in healthy plant growth and significant water savings.Conclusion.In conclusion, the smart watering system developed in this graduation project offers a comprehensive solution for optimizing plant irrigation and water conservation. Its automated operation, precise water control, and remote monitoring capabilities make it an ideal tool for both indoor and outdoor gardening applications, ensuring healthy plants and sustainable water usage.中文回答：摘要。
智慧滴灌解决方案
什么是智慧灌溉WHAT IS SMART IRRIGATION智能灌溉系统，运用物联网、大数据、云计算与传感器技术相结合的方式对农业生产中的环境温度、湿度光照强度、土壤墒情等参数进行实时监控，系统通过分析处理传感器数据信息，达到所设伐值或人为干预操作，作为灌溉设备运行的控制条件，实现智能化灌溉。
智慧灌溉系统根据作物的需求规律。
土壤水分、土壤性质等条件提供最合适的水肥灌溉方案，水肥一体化系统安装该方案进行定时定量灌溉。
系统配置SYSTEM CONFIGURATION水肥一体化•通过可控管道系统供水、供肥使喷枪或喷头进行喷灌。
农业环境监测平台通过传感器采集终端，全面真实地反映被监测区的环境变化。
•系统特点/优势CHARACTERISTIC实时监测监测数据一目了然，实时查看灌溉情况。
数据分析物联网水肥机数据处理功能：能够对采集的数据进行记录、查询、跟踪、分析、判断、决策等数据处理功能。
智能感知智慧灌溉系统可以调控水量和调节地温使用滴灌可以避免浇水量过大引起的作物汉根黄叶等问题控温测温。
灌溉分区化管理用户可根据现场管道水压情况对电磁阀控制器进行分区设置，实现轮灌区配置，方便分区灌溉管理。
土壤监测感知土壤温度，肥力智能调节，调节土壤干湿平衡。
远程控制具有智能自动灌溉、定时自动灌溉、手动灌溉、定量自动灌溉、循环灌溉等多种模式，用户可根据需要灵活选用。
农业环境监测ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING1.土壤温湿度监测:传感器采集土壤温湿度情况，系统根据监测数据自动判定是否开始灌溉；系统判定土壤温湿度达到阀值，电子阀自动打开，开始自动灌溉，当温湿度达到标准值电磁阀自动关闭，灌溉停止。
2.土壤墒情监测:土壤电导率、土壤PH值、土壤温湿度、等消息全面、真实地反映被监测区的土壤变化，可及时准确地提供各监测点的土壤墒情状况。
通过平台按照作物的需求对农田灌溉实时远程监控。
3.用水量监测：针对各灌溉、监测区域安装LORA水表，自动抄表，显示用水量，可根据不同作物，不同区域，不同时间对灌溉的水量进行记录和统计。
[每日一酷]Blossom?智能灌溉控制器
![[每日一酷]Blossom?智能灌溉控制器](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/faf1c3320640be1e650e52ea551810a6f424c870.png)
[每日一酷]Blossom 智能灌溉控制器
bossom 是一个简单、智能且经济实用的灌溉控制器，它可以根据你花园的植物类型并结合天气情况为你定制精准的灌溉计划。
并通过你的智能设备将信息呈现给您，与传统靠感觉为植物浇水相比，bossom灌溉系统即科学合理而且还可以让你避免浪费水资源。
bossom灌溉系统包括三部分组成，控制器是整个系统的中枢系统，直觉与云端相连通过数据和智能算法为你优化灌溉计划。
桥接器可以将你的控制器通过wifi或者网线介入家里的路由让控制器接入互联网。
app应用，通过应用你可以随时随地查看灌溉系统的浇水状态。
bossom综合来看主要为我们解决了植物的合理灌溉，即为你简化了灌溉的繁琐工作，又节约了水资源，是不是非常实用呢？目前该产品在kickstarter上众筹，如果你家里有一片小花园你不妨一试。
[每日一酷] 用最简洁的文字、精美的图片每天为您推荐一款新奇特智能产品。
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本科毕业设计（外文翻译）题目自动浇花系统的设计姓名刘富强专业自动化学号*********指导教师赵明冬郑州科技学院电气工程学院二○一四年五月New Environment Parameters Monitoring AndControl System For Greenhouse Based OnMaster-slave DistributedAbstractAccording to the actual need of monitoring and control of greenhouse environment parameters in rural areas,a master-slave distributed measurement and control system is designed,in which PC is taken as the host. The system consists of PC ,soil moisture measurement and control module,temperature and humidity, and CO2 monitoring and control module. In the system,PC has large amount of data storage which is easy to make use of fuzzy control expert system,configuration software-KingView is used to develop software for PC,by which the development cycle is shorten and a friendly human-computer interaction is provided.Each monitoring and control module consists of STC12 series of microcontrollers,sensors,relays etc.Different modules are select based on the need if system to achieve control greenhouse in partition and block.I INTRODUCTIONTo modern indoor agriculture, the automatic measurement and control of environment parameters is the key to achieve crop yield and quality of greenhouse.In recent years,facilities agriculture develops vigorously in our country,matched with it,the monitoring and control instrument of greenhouse have also made certain development.After nearly 10 years of unremitting hard work,our research team of measurement and control system of agriculture environment parameters,designed an intelligent measurement and control system of distribution combined of greenhouse which can be popularized in the vast rural areas.This system is mainly control of temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,soil moisture and illumination of greenhouse.OF SCM,as the data storage is small,display interface is single,amount of information is limited,but its capability price ratio is high,so it is used as a front unit of data acquisition and control;and of PC,it has a large amount of data storage,rich software,convenient human-computer interaction,and so on.If we use outdated and low-priced PC,taking the PC as the upper machine,taking the different function control modules composed of multiple microcomputers as the lower machines,then a master-slave distributed and intelligent control system bases on microcomputer is made up,by which both better monitoring and control,display and data collection or management are achieved,but also lower cost of system is get according to the actual need.II SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPLEThe most marked feature of the distribution combined and intelligent control system greenhouse is that of incorporating with data acquisition, control and management as a whole,module combination, simple structure,convenient human-computer interaction,and using technology of intelligent expert fuzzy control,which can adapt to a variety of crop management control in greenhouse.The basic structure of the system is shown in Fig.1.The structure of the distributed system is composed of two layers:the upper and lower.In the top-price PC is taken as the host to make system management and experts fuzzy operation in intelligent,and to provide a friendly human-computer interface,and torealize the united monitoring and management of greenhouse; the lower is composed of a series of modules of different function,and in each module,a single chip of AT89C is adopted as the lower machine,RS485 is used to communicate PC with all AT89C,and then the collection,processing and control of the greenhouse parameters is achieved.Each function module is completely isolated in electrical,any failure on the nodule does not produce any effect on other modules.The system collects separately ways of environment information through each monitoring and control module,and sends it to host PC through the RS485 interface.And in the PC configuration control system,the acquired parameters are compared with the values of setting,then according to a variety of expert intelligent fuzzy control system of crops at different growth stages,the fuzzy control instructions on the environment temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,soil water content and the corresponding operation instructions or alarm are given.The system is applied in rural greenhouses in ually at 1/4 near East and West end in a greenhouse,and at the height of 1.5m from the ground in the middle in the northern half (near the wet curtain) and the southern half (near the fan ),a module of air temperature and humidity ,CO2 concentration and a module of soil moisture content are set;a module of soil moisture content will be added in the middle of the greenhouse according to the actual condition;at the height of 1.5m inthe main entrance,a water tank is set,of which the solenoid of drip tube should be set based on the need and controlled by module of soil moisture content;and the PC is placed in the main entrance to the greenhouse.III HARDWARE DESIGNA.The CP and communication systemIn the distributed system of data acquisition and control,as the micro control unit is limited in data storage and slow in calculating of complex functions,so PC is used and the master-slave module is adopted in the system,that is a system of,taking PC as the host and taking the SCM systems located in the scene as slave.In this distributed system,communication is the key to it.Generally,the serial port of PC is standard RS232,of which transmission distance is shorter.But in agriculture control system.its communication distance is of tens of meters or several kilometers, so RS232/RS485 converter is used to achieve communication between the PC and SCM.To reduce investment,both considering the user convenience and friendly human-computer interaction,low-price PC of above 486 and below PIV is adopted;and considering the operation of configuration software,it is required that memory is 64M or above and hard disk is 10Gb or above.B. The control modules of temperature and humidity,illuminanceand CO2 concentrationEach control unit consists ofSCM,sensors,signal processing circuit,RS485 interface and output circuit.The hardware structure of module of temperature and humidity,CO2 concentration is shown in Fig.2.CO2 concentration is measured by sensor based on NDIR technology,measurement is of 0~2×103mol.Through the sensor,controlsystem,by software of digital filter,linear interpolation and temperature compensation,the CO2 concentration is output as digital adhered to UART protocol,and then is input directly to the SCM.The new intelligent sensor of SHT11 based on CMOSens technology is chosen in the measurement of temperature and humidity.In SHT11,the temperature and humidity sensors,signal amplification,A/D,I2C bus are all integrated in a chip;it has full-scale calibration,second-line digital output,and humidity measuring range of 0~100% RH,temperature measurement range of -40℃~+123.8℃,humidity measurement accuracy of ±3.0% RH,temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.4℃,the response time of <4s.The illuminance sensor of JY1-TBQ-6 of silicon photovoltaic detection is used Light measuring.Its measurement range is 0~200,000 Lux;spectral range is 400~700(nm) visible light;measurement error is less than 2%; output is 4~20mA or 0~20mV;output signal can be directly send to the A/D of the SCM after being amplified to 0~4V.Modules accept the instructions form the the Upper,and output via the output circuit .The output circuit consists of optical isolation,the signal driver and the output relays.C. The measurement and control modules of soil moistureWater is a polar medium, the dielectric constant of the soil containing water is mainly determined by the water,when water contentis different,the wave impedance is different.The soil moisture is measured by standing wave radio method in this system.Based on the theory of Engineering Electromagnetic Field,for lossy medium,the electromagnetic wave impedance as follows:Z0=√μ/ε(1+jλ/(ωε))Where μ is medium permeability,and μ of soil is μ≈μ0 is the vacuum permeability;ε is medium dielectric constant;λ is medium conductivity;ωis electromagnetic wave frequency.In the very low audio(<2000Hz),the loss tangent of dry soil dielectric is λ/ωε≈0.07,if you choose the frequency of the signal source at above 20MHz.then,ε≈ε∞,the imaginary part of the soil wave impedance is neglect,only the real part,which amounts to a pure resistance.Soil moisture sensor consists of 100MHz signal source,a coaxial transmission line and a 4-pin stainless probe.The electromagnetic waves of signal transmit to the probe along the lines.As the probe impedance and line impedance are different,the superimposition of incident waves and reflected waves forms a standing waves.Taking the coaxial transmission line as a lossless uniform line,wave impedance is Z0,Z l is the load impedance.Then the reflected coefficient of voltage wave at the probe is:Γ= （Z L-Z0）/(Z L+Z0)Choosing the length of transmission line is l=λ/4,the maximum and minimum of both ends of the line are U max and U min,Then the standingwave radio in the line can be expressed as:S=U max /U min =(1-|Γ|)/(1+|Γ|)In the way,the soil moisture radio can be measured by measuring the standing wave rate of transmission line.As shown in Fig.3.,soil moisture module consists of sensors and controllers,the sensors are subordinated to controllers,controllers can be omitted without the need of irrigation in greenhouse.To simplify the control,irrigation technology of node-type in partition is adopted in the control soil moisture in this system.To a certain extent,the parameters of upper and lower the ground can be decoupled by adopting this technology.IV CONTROL SYSTEM PROGRAMMINGThe software of PC is developed by KingView 6.51 of Beijing-controlled Asia.This configuration software has high reliability,shorter development cycle,perfect capability of graphicalinterface generation,and friendly human-computer interaction;and can create dynamic images and charts in accordance with the layout of equipment in the scene;can visually display the changes of parameters,control status,and can give an alarm when over-limited;and can achieve fuzzy control of greenhouse parameters by using the history curve of environment parameters stored in the specific database and adopting the agricultural expert system.The software of SCM of the slave is developed by Keil C51 to achieve real-time collecting,processing,uploading of the parameters and accept the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and complete local control of the device.A.Program design of the control moduleThe software of the sub-slave machine of soil moisture module,that include the main function,subroutines of data acquisition and processing,interrupt handling and communicating etc,read the value of standing wave voltage through the parallel data port and obtained the value of soil moisture content by function calculating.The software of the slave machine of monitoring and control of soil moisture mainly complete data communication with the sub-slave machine,uploading measurement data and current control state to the host computer,accepting the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and output the implementation instructions.The software of the slave machine of temperature and humidity,andCO2 mainly complete reading data of CO2 concentrations and temperature and humidity through the I2C concentration,uploading measurement data and current control state to the host computer,accepting the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and output the implementation instructions.The structure of the main program and interrupt subroutine of temperature and humidity module are shown in Fig.4.The serial interrupt mode 3 is adopted by all slaves to communicate with the host,transmit the digital collecting and receive instructions.B. Program design of PC and fuzzy control system1)The communication settings of KingView 6.51:In order to ensure the correctness of communication,the upper and lower must follow the same communication protocol,set the communication ually in communication,master-slave mode is adopted in style and responder is adopted in the process.That is ,the master sent a command to the slave first,then et slave give an answer after receiving the command,thus once communication is completed.In KingView ,a scheduled polling method is adopted to do reading and writing between the lower machine by PC.In the project browser of KingView,first,click device →COM1;in the wizard of device configuration,select intelligent modules→SCM→current SCM of HEX→serial port,and then ser parameters for the host computer’s communication.2)The connection of KingView 6.51 and database:Database is the core of the software,that not only contains the definition of variables,real-time parameters and the historical parameters,but also is needed by parameters alarming,fuzzy calculating,reporting ,and displaying.Access2003 desktop database is used as records database of the system,and by using SQL,it is operated by KingView via ODBC.The procedure is :to create data variables in KingView to create a body of records to establish a data source of ODBC to create query screens and make the screen connection.To connected with Microsoft Access2003,the functions of SQLConnect(),SQLSelect(),SQLLast(),SQLNext(),SQLFist(),SQLPrew(),SQLI nsrt(),and so on,should be implemented in the command language,and then real-time storage and inquiry of data are completed.3)Software design of PC :For the control system of greenhouse,data storage capacity of the PC is unlimited,so if the existing mature software modules are include into the system,it both be relaxed and can improve the system reliability.The software of software consists of control module and management module.V CONCLUSIONAccording to the economic bearing capacity of farmer in Qinhuangdao ,with the existing technology of monitoring and control of environment parameters of greenhouse,a master-slave distributedautomatic control system of greenhouse environment in which PC is taken as the host computer is developed.The system has following characteristics:1)With the large amount of data storage of PC,fuzzy control expert system is easy of data storage,modification and system upgrading.2)By using KingView to develop software of PC,the system reliability is improved,and the development cycle is shorten,and a friendly human-computer interface is get.3)A distributed and modular structure is used in the system,it makes the system maintenance easier and adapts to production needs more. The monitoring and control modules of the slave are connected to the host through the RS485 bus based on needs,then the control of greenhouse in partition or block can be achieved.基于新的温室环境参数监测和控制系统根据实际在农村地区的温室环境参数的监测和控制，主从分布式测量和控制系统的设计需要，以其中一台计算机作为主机，该系统由PC、土壤水分测量和控制模块，温度、湿度、CO2监测和控制模块组成。