国际商务英语IB03
国际商务英语等级考试(中级)考试大纲
国际商务英语等级考试（中级）考试大纲第一部分说明一、本大纲依据国际贸易业务主管人员工作内容分析结果编制，是国际商务英语等级考试（中级）认证考试的依据。
二、通过本考试能对应试者掌握外贸各环节的英语的表达能力及其对国际贸易英语专用词句及篇章运用能力和翻译及撰写外贸函电的技能，考试范围包括：听、说、读、写、译等方面的知识及技能。
三、本大纲知识点按照考试科目的教材体例编排，以“了解”、“掌握”引领所属知识点并确定掌握等级。
第二部分考试内容一、国际贸易业务1、建立业务关系了解：建立业务关系掌握：建立业务关系方面信函2、询盘与报价了解：询盘、回复、报盘掌握：首次询盘信函的一般内容及结构3、订购与确认了解：订单及订单的主要内容掌握：正式定单及无正式订单的订购信函寄送订单及订购信的一般内容4、支付了解：外贸业务中的几种付款方式信用证在外贸业务中的意义及其种类掌握：信用证付款方式来往信函的基本内容及写作5、保险了解：外贸业务中的一般保险知识掌握：买卖双方就保险问题交换的信函内容及写作6、包装了解：包装的种类及作用掌握：买卖双方就包装问题交换的信函内容及写作7、装运了解：外贸业务的主要运输方式掌握：买卖双方就货物装运来往信函的内容及写作8、销售合同的谈判与签订了解：合同谈判的四大程序：询价、发盘、还盘及接受掌握：合同谈判往来信函及写作9、信用证的审核与修改了解：信用证的主要内容掌握：信用证的审核与修改10、索赔与仲裁了解：索赔及仲裁程序、方式等二、中级商务英语听力掌握：国际贸易各环节的听力训练三、中级商务英语会话掌握：能用英语进行日常商贸沟通能进行的商务英语谈判第三部分考试形式一、考试形式：笔试与听力，考题分主观题和客观题，客观题答案做在答题纸上，主观题答案做在试卷上。
其中听力内容读两遍。
二、考试时间：120分钟。
三、考试评分：笔试加听力满分100分，60分为及格标准，根据各部分的难易程度，评分的比例用%表示。
第四部分考试题型及考核目标一、听力：应试者根据所听的内容，完成试题中的填充、选择、判断或回答问题。
国际商务英语-翻译[1].doc___20
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翻译1)国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries , it involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business .2)随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国防商务之外而存在。
因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization , few people or companies can completely stay away from international business .Some knowledge in this respect is necessary for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement .3)其它参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同，承包生产和交钥匙工程。
Other forms for participating in international business are management contract , contract manufacturing , and turnkey project .4)国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售International business first took the form of commodity trade , i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another .5)除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时是进入国外市场的一种方式Besides trade and investment , international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a mean of entering a foreign market .6)国展生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两处重要概念，区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。
国际商务英语课程教学大纲(完整版)
国际商务英语课程教学大纲（完整版）(文档可以直接使用，也可根据实际需要修改使用,可编辑欢迎下载）《国际商务英语》课程教学大纲（Foreign Trade English）课程类型：专业必修课课程编号：N063226适用专业：国际贸易实务专业先修课程：大学英语后续课程：剑桥商务英语，商务英语写作学分：3.5分总学时：56学时其中理论学时:40学时, 实验或上机学时:16学时教学目的与要求：本课程的教学目的：本课程的教学目的是使学生打好学习国际商务英语的专业基础。
通过掌握商务英语的基本词汇，融合大学英语的功底，能熟练阅读商务英语文章。
通过本课程的学习达到以下教学要求：1、知识：结合专业英语学习，扩充有关的外贸业务知识。
熟练掌握一种专业外语，就要熟悉该专业的业务知识。
因此学生在学习本课程时，要注意掌握课文内容和有关的业务知识。
学生应通过本课程的学习，获得大量的有关国际贸易领域的知识。
2、技能：外贸英语虽然是专业课程，但英语综合技能是学好本课程的基础。
因此，在学习本课程的过程中要进一步加强基础英语训练。
没有扎实的英语基本功，“国际商务英语”也很难学好。
3、能力：通过本课程学习，加强商务英语的阅读能力。
本课程为考查课程。
考核方式为闭卷笔试，考试题型一般设有名词解释题、阅读理解题、选择题、翻译题、问答题、案例分析题等。
考核成绩采用百分制评定，平时成绩占30%，期末成绩占70%。
Lesson One The Changing World and DevelopmentText: Changing World and DevelopmentNew WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: trade, export & import, and advantages.Additional Reading: E-Life ComprehensionNew words and ExpressionsLesson Two International TradeText: International TradeNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study：Produce, Offer, Quote, Order.Additional Reading: Unique Problems in International Trade New Words and ExpressionsLesson Three Import and ExportText: Import and ExportNew WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Negotiate, Contract, Pay, ShipAdditional Reading: Shipping, Insurance and Customs News Words and ExpressionsLesson Four Letters of CreditText: Letters of CreditNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Credit, Stipulate, Confirm, DealLesson Five Trade InformationText：Trade InformationNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Market, Involve, Price, ServiceLesson Six Keeping the Customer Satisfied Text：Keeping the Customer SatisfiedNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Inform, Value, Commit, CoverLesson Seven Fortune 500Text: Fortune 500News WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Supply, Demand, Firm, StockLesson Eight The Spread of CHINA INCText: The Spread of CHINA INCNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Business, Interest, Manage, CostLesson Nine The European UnionText: The European UnionNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Average, Bid, Transact, Increase, CompeteAdditional Reading: The EuroNews Words and ExpressionsLesson Ten Transnational CorporationText: Transnational CorporationNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Charge, Share, Contribute, IssueAdditional Reading: Third World PowerhousesNews Words and ExpressionsLesson Eleven The Balance of International PaymentsText: The Balance of International PaymentsNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Balance, Account, Engage, ConsiderAdditional Reading: The Securities ExchangeNews Words and ExpressionsLesson Twelve Foreign Exchange TradingText: Foreign Exchange TradingNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Exchange, Convert, Worth, RateAdditional Reading: Quarterly Market Report— Global Market Perspective News Words and ExpressionsLesson Thirteen The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund Text: The World Bank and the International Monetary FundNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Spread, Concern, Proceed, PremiumAdditional Reading: The Joint International VentureNews Words and ExpressionsLesson Fourteen Japan’s Stumbling GiantsText: Japan’s Stumbling GiantsNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Economy, Benefit, Apply, PayAdditional Reading: US Needs New Thinking on Global Trade News Words and ExpressionsLesson Fifteen WTO Agrees on New Round to Open MarketsText: WTO Agrees on New Round to Open MarketsNews WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Vary, Insure, Clear, AcceptAdditional Reading: WTO and Its IroniesNews Words and ExpressionsLesson Sixteen The Leadership Primer (I)Text: The Leadership Primer (I)News WordsSpecial TermsIdioms and ExpressionsWord Study: Agree, Limit, Favor, ClaimAdditional Reading: The Leadership Primer (II)News Words and Expressions实践教学商务英语强化实训（1周）实训技能和要求：1、英语语言技能：具备以英语为工作语言的能力。
全国国际商务英语一级考试大纲
全国国际商务英语一级考试大纲全国国际商务英语考试（一级）大纲为建立与我国国际商务发展相适应的商务英语水平评价标准，满足相关企事业单位对员工和应聘人员英语能力测评的需要，为相关院校和培训机构提供教学参考，特制定本大纲。
一、考试目的本考试是对国际商务英语交际能力的测试。
考试结果可作为相关企事业单位人员招聘的参考和国际商务从业人员英语能力的评价依据。
本考试旨在统一测试标准和操作规范，促进相关的教育和培训工作，提高国际商务从业人员的职业英语水平。
二、考试对象国际商务从业人员以及有意从事国际商务工作的各类院校学生和其他社会人员。
三、考试性质本考试是职业英语水平考试，是一种尺度参照性标准化考试，评价被测试者在国际商务环境中的英语应用能力。
四、考试范围本考试涵盖语言和商务两方面的内容。
语言方面测试国际商务环境中英语听、说、读、写、译能力；商务方面涉及国际商务中的常见业务，突出国际贸易实务。
五、语言能力要求本考试语言方面具体能力要求如下表：六、商务内容要求本考试所要求的主要商务内容如下表：七、词汇要求本考试要求词汇量达到4,500词，其中商务专业词汇1,500词左右。
八、考试项目本考试分为听力、阅读、翻译与写作、口语四大模块。
各个项目、题数、记分和考试时间等如下表：九、考试组织机构由常设的“全国国际商务英语考试中心”负责组织考务培训、命题、考试、阅卷和认证工作。
由来自相关行业和高校的专家组成专家委员会，指导考试和认证工作。
通过考试中心资质认证的各地高校和培训机构可以申请设立考点。
考试中心对各地考点实行年审和动态管理。
十、考试时间每年四月第二个星期六组织一次考试。
十一、考试成绩和认证考试分为笔试和口试两部分。
笔试总分为100分，成绩60分以上（含60分）为通过；口试总分为50分，成绩30分以上（含30分）为通过。
被测试者须同时报考笔试和口试部分，笔试和口试均通过的被测试者可获得由商务部中国国际贸易学会颁发的证书。
国际商务英语教程(第三版)翻译
商务英语课文翻译资料Lesson 1Modes of International Business国际商业模式When pursuing international business, private enterprises and governments have to decide how to carry out their business, such as what mode of operation to use. The following shows that a company has a number of modes from which to choose.在进行国际商务时，民营企业和政府必须决定如何展开他们的业务，比如使用什么操作方式。
下面展示了一个公司的一种选择模式。
MERCHANDISE EXPORTS and IMPORTS商品出口和进口Companies may export or import either goods or services. More companies are involved in exporting and importing than in any other international mode.公司可以出口和进口任何商品或服务。
与其他任何国际模式相比，越来越多的公司参与出口和进口业务。
This is especially true of smaller companies, even though they are less likely than large companies to engage in exporting. ( large companies are also more apt to engage in other forms of foreign operations in addition to exporting and importing. ) merchandise exports are tangible products – goods – sent out of a country ; merchandise imports are goods brought in.这种情况特别适合于较小的公司，尽管他们不太可能像大公司那样从事出口。
国际商务英语综合教程(全)
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国际商务英语等级考试(中级)
国际商务英语等级考试(中级)国际商务英语（International Business English，简称IBE）等级考试是由英国剑桥大学考试委员会（Cambridge Assessment English）推出的一项商务英语考试，旨在衡量考生在商务场景中的英语沟通能力。
考试分为初级（Preliminary）、中级（Vantage）和高级（Higher）三个级别。
以下是国际商务英语等级考试中级（Vantage）的一般考试概述：考试结构：1.阅读与使用英语（Reading and Using English）：包括阅读理解、文法、词汇等。
2.写作（Writing）：需要完成一篇书面作文，通常涉及商务信函、报告等。
3.听力（Listening）：听取录音材料，回答相关问题。
4.口语（Speaking）：进行口头交流，包括与考官的对话和小组讨论。
考试形式：•阅读与使用英语：1小时30分钟，包括50个选择题。
•写作：1小时30分钟，包括2个任务。
•听力：大约40分钟，包括4个部分。
•口语：大约16分钟，包括3个部分。
考试内容：•商务场景：考试内容涉及商务交流、商务会议、商务信函、报告等。
•语言能力：侧重测试考生的语法、词汇、听力理解、口语表达和书面表达等能力。
考试成绩：•考试成绩通常以等级的形式出现，例如：Pass with Merit、Pass、或不及格。
•各个部分的得分综合计算。
准备方式：•考生可以参加培训班、使用考试指南和模拟试题进行复习。
•可以参加模拟考试，熟悉考试形式和要求。
报名方式：•通过官方考试机构或合作伙伴报名，通常提供在线报名服务。
以上是一般而言，具体的考试信息和要求可能根据时间和地点的不同而有所变化。
建议有兴趣的考生直接访问剑桥大学考试委员会官方网站或相关机构获取最新的考试信息。
国际商务英语课文电子版
Lesson 1 International Business（国际商务）★International business refers to transaction between parties（当事人、参与者）from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas （关税区）of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The followings(下列各项) are some major differences between the two:★ 1. The countries involved often have different legal systems（不同的法律体系）, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with（遵照、遵从） the foreign law.2. Different countries usually use different currencies（不同的货币） and the parties will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards（关于） conversion （兑换） etc. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.3.including language, customs,traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business. 4. Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.With the development ofeconomic globalization（经济全球化）,few people or companies can completely stay away from（置身于外）international business. Some knowledge in this respect（方面） is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement（个人进步）.International business first took the form of commodity trade（商品贸易）,.（即）exporting andimporting goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale(消费或转售) in another. This form of trade is also referred to as（被称为）visible trade（有形贸易）. Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting（咨询）, information（信息业） etc. gradually became more andmore important. This type of trade is called invisible trade（无形贸易）. Today, the contribution of service industries(服务业) of the developed countries constitutes over 60% of their gross domestic products（国内生产总值）and account for(占…) an increasing proportion of world trade. ★Another important form of international business is supplying capital byresidents of one country to another, known ascan be classified into two categories. The first kind of investments, foreign direct investments（外国直接投资）or FDI for short is made for returns（回报）through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country(东道国).The host country is a foreigncountry where the investor operates, while the country where the headquarters of investor is located is called the home country（投资国）. The second kind of investment, portfolio investment（证券投资）, refers to purchases of foreign financial assets（金融资产） for a purpose other than controlling.Such financial assets may be stocks（股票）, bonds（债券）or certificate of deposit（大额存单）. Stocks are also called capital stocks or bonds（股本或股份）.★Bonds are papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. The maturity period（到期时间）of a bond is at least one year, often longer, for example five, or even ten years. Certificates of deposit generally involve large amounts, say 25thousand US dollars.★Besides trade and investment, international licensing（国际许可）and franchising（特许经营） are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. In licensing, a firm leases（出租）the right to use its intellectual property（知识产权） to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks （商标）, brand names（品牌）,patents（专利）, copyrights （版权） or technology（技术）. Firms choose licensing is because they don’t have to make cash payment to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty（知识产权/专利使用费）. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation(当地经营优势) without any obligation in ownership or management. Theuse of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty（关税） and non-tariff barriers（非关税壁垒） on the part of the host country. However it is not advisable to use licensing agreement in countries with weak intellectual property protection（知识产权保护）since the licensor（许可方）may have difficulty in enforcing licensing agreement（执行许可协议）.Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee （特许使用方）, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser（特许授予方） who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos（公司标志）, and operating techniques（经营技巧） for royalty（特许使用费）. In comparison with therelation between the licenser（许可授予方） and the licensee（许可使用方）, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.★The franchiser can develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a businesswith established（已获认可的）products or services. Franchising is fairly popular especially in hotel and restaurant business. Other forms for participating in international business are management contract（管理合同）, contract manufacturing （生产合同）, and turnkey project（“交钥匙”工程）. Under a management contract, one company offersmanagerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment（固定费用） or a percentage of the relevant business volume(相关业务总价值). ★Sometimes bonuses（分红）based on profitability or sales growth are also specialized (注明) in management contracts. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certainindustries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical （切实可行的）choices enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets. By contract manufacturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain（价值链）, e. g. marketing, while contractingwith foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Such firms can reduce the amount of their resources devoted to manufacture and benefit from location advantages(当地优势) from production in host counties. ★However, loss of control over the producing process may give rise to（产生） problems in respect of quality and time of delivery （交货期）.For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.Such projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete. Payment for a turnkey project may be made at a fixed total price or on a cost plus basis（在实际成本之外收取一定费用）. The latter way of payment shifts the burden of possible additional cost over the original budget onto the purchaser.★BOT（建设、经营、移交）is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after buildingit up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Needless to say, the contractor has to bear the financial and other risks that may occur in the period of operation.。
InternationalBusinessEnglish国际商务英语（英文版）
InternationalBusinessEnglish国际商务英语（英文版）International Business English国际商务英语Lesson 1 International Business第一课国际商务*International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.*International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The following are some major differences between the two.1). The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law.2). Different counties usually use different currencies and the parties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards conversion etc. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.3).Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behaviour etc. often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.4). Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.*With the development of economic globalisation, fewpeople or companies can completely stay away from international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.*International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. This form of trade is also referred to as visible trade. Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade. Today, the contribution of service industries of the developed countries constitutes over 60% of their gross domestic products and account for an increasing proportion of world trade. *Another important form of international business is supplying capital by residents of one country to another, known as international investments.Such investments can be classified into two categories. The first kind of investments, foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.*The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates, while the country where the headquarters of the investor is located is called the home country. The second kind of investment, portfolio investment, refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.Stocks are also called capital stocks or bonds. Bonds are papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. Thematurity period of a bond is at least one year, often longer, for example five, or even ten years. Certificates of deposit generally involve large amounts, say 25 thousand US dollars *Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks, brand names, patents, copyrights or technology. Firms choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royaltyBesides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country. However it is not advisable to use licensing in countries with weak intellectual property protection since the licensor may have difficulty in enforcing licensing agreement.*Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.*The franchiser can develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business with established products or services. Franchising is fairly popular especially in hotel and restaurant business.*Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.*Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flatpayment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Sometimes bonuses based on profitability or sales growth are also specified in management contracts.Government policies often have a lot to do with management contracts. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets *By contract manufacturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain, e.g. marketing, while contracting with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Such firms can reduce the amount of their resources devoted to manufacture and benefit from location advantages from production in host countries. However, loss of control over the production process may give rise to problems in respect of quality and time of delivery.*For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Such projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete. Payment for a turnkey project may be made at fixed total price or on a cost plus basis. The latter way of payment shifts the burden of possibleadditional cost over the original budget onto the purchaser *BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for Build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Needless to say, the contractor has to bear the financial and other risks that may occur in the period of operation.*Some Words and Expressionscustoms area 关税区in compliance with 遵从，遵照conversion n.货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale n.转售invisible trade 无形贸易gross domestic product 国内生产总值for short 缩写为account for 占……比例headquarters n.总部trap n.陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资stocks n.股票bonds n.债券maturity n.（票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单other than 而不是licensing n.许可经营franchising n.特许经营n.商标advisable adj.可行的，适当的patent n.专利royalty n.专利使用费，许可使用费，版税copyright n.版权licensor n.给予许可的人licensee n.接受许可的人franchiser n.给予特许的人franchisee n.接受特许的人logo n.标识，标记management contract 管理合同expertise n.专门知识bonus n.红利，奖金，津贴flat adj.一律的，无变动的contract manufacturing 承包生产value chain 价值链turnkey project 交钥匙工程BOT(Build, Operate, Transfer）建设，经营，移交Stand for 表示，代表variant n.变形，变体Lesson twoIncome Level and the World Market第二课收入水平和世界市场This lesson discusses the relation between the income level and the market potential, and the features of high income, middle income and low income markets.Special analyses are made on Triad, i.e. the markets of North America, European Union and Japan, as well as other markets that are closely related with China.The first two paragraphs mainly deal with GNP and GDP, two important concepts usedto indicate the total size of an economy. GDP, Gross Domestic Product, stresses the place of production while GNP, Gross National Product, on the ownership of production factors.GDP is used by most countries now where as GNP was morepopular before the 1990s. The actual figures of a country’s GNP and GDP are, however, quite similar in most cases and we can use whichever figure that is available.TEXT:In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents. The concepts national income and national product have roughly the same value and can be used interchangeably if our interest is in their sum total which is measured as the market value of the total output of goods and services of an economy in a given period, usually a year. The differenceis only in their emphasis. The former stresses the income generated by turning out the products while the latter, the value of the product s themselves. Gross National Product, GNP, and Gross Domestic Product, GDP, are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s total income. GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. This term was used by most governments before the 1990s国民生产总值(GNP)是最重要的宏观经济指标,它是指一个国家地区的国民经济在一定时期（一般1年）内以货币表现的全部最终产品（含货物和服务）价值的总和。
国际商务英语
transaction 交易customs area 关税区in compliance with 遵从，遵照conversion 货币兑换invisible trade 无形贸易Gross domestic product 国内生产总值for short 缩写为account for 占...比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱,全套portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票bonds 债券maturity (票据等)到期,到期日certificate of deposit大额存单other than而不是licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营trademark 商标advisable 可行的，适当的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费，许可使用费，版税copyright 版权licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人franchiser给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志，标记management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识bonus n. 奖金；红利；津贴flat 一律的，无变动的value Chain 价值链contract manufacturing 承包生产turnkey project ‘交钥匙’工程BOT 建设，经营，移交（build，operate，transfer）stand for 表示，代表variant 变形，变体potential 潜力nclue 线索National income 国民收入GNP（Gross National product）国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入bulk 大量的，大宗的PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布organization of economic 经济合作与发展组织cooperation and development infra structure 基础设施commonwealth of independent States 独立国家联合体（独联体）states goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球involve 开发票haven 避风港，安全之地spur 促进，刺激creditor county 债券国proximity 临近ASEAN东南亚国家联盟observation（经观察而得到的）看法sum total 总值，总量，总额given period 特定时期witness 亲历，见证economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barrier 设置障碍fall under 分成几个部分free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率north American free trade agreement（NAFTA）北美自由贸易协定customs union 关说同盟detour 迂回，绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀，损害autonomy 自治，自主sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage for 为...做准备;促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标，里程碑signatory 签字国，签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币，钞票circulation 货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构European commision 欧盟委员会commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of minister部长理事会empower 授予权力veto 否决multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则，宗旨dual-ministerial meeting 双部长会议sub-committee 分委员会cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率interactive 相互作用的element 要素，组成部分，元素value 价值观acclaim 欢呼，欢迎，喝彩adverse 不利的，反对的controversial 引起争议的instrumental 有作用的，有帮助的facilities 设备，设施，工具label 把称为，把归类employ 用，使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收，合并purport 声称，自称headquarters 总部pre-dominance 优势international economic environment 国际经济环境double digit 两位数字的survival 继续生存embark（on）开始，从事gigantic 庞大的，巨大的intervene 干预，干涉inputs 投入n technical improvements 技术进步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理decentralize 分散，下放（权利）wield 操纵，控制jurisdiction 权利，管理范围vehicle（用来达到某种目的的）工具，手段delegate power to 对...授权affiliate 分支机构,附属机构mover 原动力,推动力services 劳务distribution 分布natural resources 自然资源abundant 丰富的scarce 缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品incentive 刺激n specialization 专业化constitute 构成remainder 剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在...方面illustrate 说明table 图表,表格with respect to 关于exploit 利用,开发vt static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予up-to-dat 现代的，新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的absolute advantage 绝对利益comparative advantage 比较利益degenerate 变坏，衰退deal 交易n draw up 制定，拟就respective 各自的，分别的subsequent 随后的，后来的interpretation 解释，说明trade terms 贸易术语，交易条件tradingpractices 贸易惯例litigation 诉讼entail 使人承担，使成为必要amendment 修正案，修正条款addition 增加的部分revise 修改，修正vunitization 使成为一个单位，使成整体maritime 海上的consolidate 统一，合并render 使得，使成为negotiable（票据，证劵等）可转让的，可流通的vital 必不可少的whereby 凭借那个，借以premises（企业，机构等使用）生产场所，经营地址dispatch 发送，发运n disposal 处理，解决n quay 码头substantive 实质性的set forth 陈述，阐明binding 有约束力的enforceable 可实施的Sue 起诉vt trade fairs 商品交易会trunk call 长途电话voluntarily 主动地，自愿地indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期offeree 收盘人counter offer 还盘unbinding 无约束力的invalid 无效的sales contract 销售合同sales（purchase）confirmation 售货（购货）确认书setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售，托运的货物contracting parties 缔约方force majeure 不可抗力arbitration 仲裁cotton piece goods 棉布cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此，特此hereunder 于下article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面bleached 漂白的hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀literally 照字地，逐字地reichsbank 德国国家银行disarray 混乱nconceptually 概念上地vertically 竖式地，涉及生产销售全过程European payment union 欧洲支付联盟competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值pre-specify 预先说明in essence 实质上intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于photocopying machine 复印机intriguing 引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时发生地 a fraction of 一点儿，一部分verify 证实，核实v sophisticated 经验丰富的，复杂的，高级的bypass 避开，置...于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆作用tap 开发，开辟，着手利用conceal 掩盖，隐藏perpetuate 使永久存在processing trade 加工贸易leasing 租赁release 放开gain control over 得到对...的控制impeccable 无缺点的,完全符合要求的bilateral 双边的credit-worthiness 资信unique 独特的security 安全,保障presentation 呈交,提示undertaking 承担applicant=opener=principal 开证申请人opening bank 开证行correspondent bank 往来行,关系行advising bank 通知行amendment 修改discrepancy 不符n confirming bank 保兑行reimburse 付款v nominate 指定v stipulation 规定expire 满期，到期v unit price单价partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转船seal 印章n underlying 作为基础的obligation 责任，义务ultimately 最终insufficient 不足的category 种类fall under 归为..类mechanism 机制clean credit 光票信用证non-trade settlement 非贸易结算certainty 确定程度alter 改变commitment 承担的责任consult..with 与..协商revoke 撤消consent 同意extensively 广泛地indication 指明，表明confirmed credit 保兑信用证leading bank 最要银行double assurance 双重保障involve 牵涉，涉及v sigh credit 即期信用证usance credit 远期信用证impeccable 正确无误的capital turnover 资金周转maturity 到期，期满n discount 贴现face value 面值transferable credit 可转让信用证middleman 中间人deferred payment 推迟付款revolving credit 循环信用证renew恢复reinstate 使恢复contracting parties 合同各方sustain 遭受v insolvent 无支付能力的bankrupt 破产的documents 单据take delivery of 提（货）discrepancy n不符conformity n相符，一致description 描述seal 印章，图章signature n签字comply with 符合in general terms 用概括性的词语，用一般性词语表达carrier 承运人shipper 货主，托运人consignor 托运人consignee 收货人carrige n运输notify party 被通知人payable 应支付的，可支付的devoid of 没有，缺少liability 责任，义务airway bill 空运提单cargo receipt 铁路运单，货运收据insurance policy 保险单function 功能，作用the insured 被保险人currency 货币settle 清算，结算fundamental 极其重要的efficiency 效率primitive 原始的in a broad sense 从广义上讲grocery 食品，杂货distinct 与其他明显不同的，独特natural product provinces 产品自然领域urgency 紧迫n perform v执行，完成common carrier 公共承运人contract carrier 契约承运人private carrier 自由承运人administer v掌管，料理...的事discrimination 区别对待,歧视location 地点tendency 趋势,趋向peculiarities 独特性，特色stringent 严格的entrepreneur 企业家，业主intermediate product 中间产品finished products 制成品introduction 引进，传入per-unit 每一单位offset v抵消community 社区self-sufficient a自给自足intercourse n交流eliminate 排除，根除dynamic 有力的，能动的，不断增长（或扩大）的deregulation 撤销管制规定，解除控制shackle n 束缚inventory n存货，库货just-in-time inventory 零库存thrust v猛力推动mature 成熟的，（票据）到期impact n影响，作用logistics 物流insured 被保险人transfer v 转移insure 承包人enterprise 企业，公司uncertainty n难以预料，不稳定gut v损毁...的内部pool n统筹的资金，共同款项predict v预料，预计accuracy n准确性，精确性margin 保证金draw 提取，支取stimulus n刺激，激励物，促进因素jeopardy n危险，风险viability n生存proportion 部分，份儿multi-modal 多种方式的share n一份，一部分hinterland 内地handmaiden v起服务（或辅助）作用的事物scoop n挖空cover v给..保险，弥补，抵偿（损失等）conform v 一致符合subsidiary 附带的，次要的doctrine 信条utmost good faith 最大诚信a be tempted to 受诱惑做...事crucial 决定性的，关键性的Port of origin货物原产地港口brand-new 崭新的voidable 可使无效的，可以取消的unintrntional 非故意的，不是存心的tie up 占用，冻结contribution 分摊pro rata 按比例breach n违反，不履行percentage n百分比，（全部中的）所占比例，部分subrogation n代位，取代negligent a疏忽的diminish v减少，降低forwarding charges 交货费用proximate cause of the loss 导致损失的直接原因gold standard 金本位制pledge v保证peg v钉住，挂钩par value 平价degeneration n 退化，衰退offset v抵消contract v收缩，缩小vehicle n工具，媒介fluctuation 波动reserve currency 储备金币interaction 交互作用clean float 清洁浮动dirty float 肮脏浮动discount n贴现vice versa 反之亦然raise 筹集curb v控制，抑制vulnerable 脆弱的drain n/v 流失，消耗idle founds 游资direct quote 直接标价indirect quote 间接标价buying rate 买入价selling rate卖出价medial rate 中间价financial resources 资金finance v提供资金retain v保留，保存earnings n收益，盈利grace n宽限spell out 详细说明，明确规定eligible 有条件被选中的，合格的criterion 标准，准则subscription 捐助，认捐replenishments 补充或增加的资金maturity n到期mobilize v调动，动员prerequisite for 必备条件，先决条件mandate n使命mitigation n减轻implementation n实施sponsor v发起，举办facilities n设施well-being n幸福，福利，生活integrate v使成一体，使结合population-planning 人口计划nutrition n营养cornerstone 基石stringent 严格的tranche n一份，一部分cyclical 周期性的standby 备用的random 胡乱的，随机的，无一定之规的reserve 储备金，准备金permanent 长期不变的，固定的whereby 以..方式instinctive 直觉的returns 收益；利润plaulible 貌似有理的far-fetched 牵强的beverage 饮料integrated 综合的next to 几乎customer mobility 客户流动inventory n存货be at work 起作用get around 绕开，避开tax holiday 免税期rebate v减少incentive 刺激n illustrating 能很好说明问题的outmoded 过时的recruit v招聘人员acquisition 并购Start from scratch 白手起家，从零开始joint venture 合资企业parent 母公司，总公司entrench 根深蒂固的synergy 协同作用，增效作用pitfall 陷阱，意想不到的困难或危险investor 投资者securities 有价证劵channel 途径，门径n finance 资金支援，资金statute 法令，法规，成文律equities （股息不定的）普通股，股票raise v筹集indices（index的复数形式）指数gilt 金边债券abiding 持久不变的，永久的broker 经纪人，中介人jobber 股票买卖经纪人uphold 维护，支持well-established 已确立的，完善的enforcement 实施，执行rigorous 严格的qualifications 资格govern 管理v standing committee 常务委员会oversee v监督discipline v执行纪律in breach of 违反criteria （criterion的复数形式）标准V A T 增值税shortfall 亏空，不足n hedge 保护，防御underlying 基本的，根本的co-opt 将...选为（或指定为）新成员practitioner 开业着expertise 专门知识sophisticated 先进的，尖端的accession to 加入be traced back to 追溯到controversy争议，争论stillborn 流产的，夭折的conduit 管道，渠道framework 框架，机构generalized system of preferences 普惠制non-discriminate 不加区别的，非歧视的auspices n赞助，支持，主办protracted 长期曲折的predecessor n前任，原来的事物cumulative 积累的dimension 方面，部分optimal 最优的entity n实体trade-related 与贸易有关的full-fledged 完全合格的biennial 两年一次的clout 影响n verdict n裁决，判决mandate n职权tariff concession关税减让reciprocate v 回报round 回合akin to 类似的，相同的institutional strength 制度力量，行政力量contracting party 缔约方threshold 门栏、开端protracted 漫长的，曲折的prennial 反复的，一再的proclaim V宣告，宣布convene v召集（会议）ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会forum 论坛formulate v规划（制度等）；构想出（计划，方法等）deteriorate v恶化，变化decline n下降，减少terms of trade 贸易条件invoke v 求助于（法律等）；行使（发全等）escape v使逃避约束（或规则等）的escape clauses 免责条款，例外条款inadequate 不充分的prosperity 兴旺，繁荣n territory 领土，领地step up 增加，逐步提高exploitation 剥削，榨取，利用colony 殖民地draft v起草，草拟action programme 行动纲领at their disposal 供他们使用，供他们支配procedural 程序的organ 机构，机关preference n优先权，（对某国进口关税或某顾客货价的）优惠，特惠。
全国国际商务英语考试大纲说明
1.5 语言能力要求 1.6 商务内容要求
1.17 词汇要求
本考试要求词汇量达到4,500词，其中 商务专业词汇1,500词左右。
1.8 考试项目
本考试分为听力、阅读、翻译与写作、 口语四大模块。各个项目、题数、记分和 考试时间等如下表：
序 模块 形 分值 时间
号
式
（分钟）
项目
题 计分 数
商务信息捕捉
合计
2 30
前三个模块合计 100 120
62 100
序号 模块 形式 分值 时间 （分钟）
项目
题数 计分
口头作文
1 20
商务句子口译 （汉译英） 4 口语 口试 50 12
商务会话
2 10 1 20
合计
4 50
1.9 考试组织机
由常设的“全国国际商务英语培训认 证考试中心”负责组织考务培训、命题、 考试、阅卷和认证工作。由来自相关行业 和高校的专家组成专家委员会，指导考试 和认证工作。
险别
质量和数量的表达方法 主要结算票据
包装与运输标志
主要结算方式
主要贸易术语具体内容 检验、索赔、
不可抗力、仲裁
折扣与佣金
服务贸易与知识产权
2.2 商务内容要求
编号
商务模块
国际商务内容要点
５
其它 外汇汇率
外汇风险
合同的成立、履行、让与、违约救济
汇票、本票和支票
网上批发、在线零售、在线拍卖
第三部分
全国国际商务英语培训认证考试 （一级）
大纲说明及题型介绍
主要内容 一、大纲总体介绍 二、语言能力要求与商务内容要求详解 三、题型介绍
第一部分
大纲总体介绍
《全国国际商务英语培训认证考试（一级）
国际商务英语的认识与实践应用
国际商务英语的认识与实践应用In the dynamic realm of international business, English has emerged as the lingua franca, bridging cultural and linguistic gaps. It is the key to effective communication and negotiation, facilitating deals that span continents.Understanding the nuances of Business English is crucial for success in the global marketplace. It involves not onlythe mastery of vocabulary and grammar but also the ability to interpret and convey complex ideas with clarity and precision.Practical application of International Business English goes beyond the classroom. It's about engaging in real-world scenarios, such as drafting contracts, presenting proposals, and liaising with international partners. Each interaction requires a deep understanding of both the language and the underlying business etiquette.To excel, one must be adept at adapting language to different business contexts, from formal correspondence to informal meetings. The ability to switch between theseregisters is as important as the language skills themselves.Continuous learning and practice are essential. Keepingup with the latest business trends and jargon is a must for staying relevant in the fast-paced world of international commerce.Cultural awareness is another critical aspect of International Business English. Being sensitive to the cultural implications of language use can prevent misunderstandings and foster stronger business relationships.In conclusion, the mastery of International Business English is a multifaceted endeavor that encompasseslinguistic proficiency, cultural competence, and practical application. It is the cornerstone for professionals navigating the complexities of global trade.。
国际商务英语综合教程(全)
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国际商务英语考试大纲
国际商务英语考试大纲Introduction:国际商务英语考试（International Business English Examination，简称IBE）是一个国际性的商务英语考试，旨在评估学生在商务环境中的英语交流能力和商务知识。
本文将介绍IBE的考试大纲，包括考试内容、考试形式和考试要求等方面。
Section 1: 考试内容1.1 商务词汇与术语：IBE考试注重考察学生对商务领域常用词汇和术语的理解和运用能力。
考试内容涵盖商务英语词汇、商务惯用语、商务交际用语等方面。
1.2 商务写作与沟通：考试要求学生具备良好的商务写作能力，包括合同起草、邮件写作、报告撰写等。
学生需要掌握商务写作的格式、语法和逻辑，以实现清晰、准确、有效的沟通。
1.3 商务阅读与听力：IBE考试涉及商务材料的阅读和听力理解。
学生需要能够准确把握商务文本的信息，包括信函、报告、新闻报道等。
同时，学生需要具备听懂商务对话和演讲的能力。
Section 2: 考试形式2.1 听力测试：IBE考试包括听力测试，学生需要听取商务对话和演讲，并回答相关问题。
这一部分旨在评估学生对商务英语的听力理解能力。
2.2 阅读测试：考试中的阅读测试要求学生阅读商务文本，并回答相关问题。
题型可能包括填空、选择或简答题，考察学生对商务文本的理解和分析能力。
2.3 写作与翻译测试：IBE考试还设置了写作与翻译测试环节。
学生需要根据题目要求完成商务写作任务或翻译商务文本，以展示其商务英语写作和翻译的能力。
Section 3: 考试要求3.1 语法与词汇：IBE考试要求学生掌握商务英语的基本语法和词汇。
学生需要正确运用语法规则，灵活运用商务词汇，以确保语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
3.2 表达能力：考试还注重学生的商务表达能力。
学生需要能够清晰、有逻辑地组织语言，有效传达意思，避免模糊和歧义的表达。
3.3 要求加强的技能：IBE考试强调学生的听力理解和口头表达能力。
【优质】国际商务英语校内考试范围
【优质】国际商务英语校内考试范围《国际商务英语》校内考试范围名词解释：1. Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.2. GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.3. Quota配额: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.4. Barter易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.5. Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.6. Common carrier公共承运人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.7. Indemnity赔偿原则: It holds that a contract of insurance is one, which restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was before the loss occurred.8. Direct quote / quotation（汇率）直接标价: A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency.9. Greenfield strategy绿地战略: The firm builds new facilities on land bought or leased in a foreign country before starting its new operation.10. Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.11. GSP普惠制: Generalized system of preferences12. FOB装运港船上交货: Free On Board13. IMF国际货币基金组织: International Monetary Fund词组英汉互译：1. Customs area关税区2. Contract manufacturing承包生产3. Per capita income人均收入4. Tariff rates关税税率5. Subsidiary company子公司6. Economies of scale规模经济7. Specific duty从量税8. Non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒9.Customs clearance清关、结关10. Contraction parties缔约方11. Counter trade对销贸易、反向贸易12. Clean draft光票13. Confirming bank保兑行14. Insurance policy保险单15. Certificate of origin产地证书16. Dirty float肮脏浮动、管理浮动17. Par value平价118. Customer mobility客户流动19. Joint venture合资企业20. Gilt-edged stocks / securities金边债券21. Tariff concession关税减让22. Counter offer还盘词义配对：1. return the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or asprofit on the sale of the investment.2. export earnings money earned on the sales of goods to other countries3. akin to similar, related to4. gilts stocks issued by government5. intellectual property certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areasof patent protection, registered trademarks and designs, and copy-right6. affiliate a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part byanother concern7. exchange rate the price at which one currency can be exchanged for anothercurrency8. consumption the using up of goods and services having an exchangeablevalue9. intermediate products semi-manufactures10. liability what one is responsible for according to law11. maturity becoming due12. reimburse pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent13. fluctuation irregular movement of (prices, exchange rate etc.)14. inflation rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansionof money supply, credit etc.15. carriage the price or cost of transportation16. drawback duties paid on imported goods that are refunded whenreexported17. specialization to restrict one's economic activities to certain particular fields18. revenue the total annual income of a state19. purchasing power of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods andservices20. decentralize distribute the administrative powers over a less concentratedarea简答题：1. What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.Some major differences between international business and domestic business is2following:(1) Differences in legal systems(2) Differences in currencies(3) Differences in cultural background(4) Different in natural and economic conditions2. Explain briefly the five layer organizational structure of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.（1）the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders（2）Dual-Ministerial Meeting（3）Ministers Responsible for Trade（4）The Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)（5）Subordinate committees under SOM: Committee of Trade and Investment, Economic Committee, Economic and Technical Cooperation Sub-committee of SOM and Budget Management Committee.3. Describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.（1）MNEs are generally enormous in size（2）Wide geographical spread（3）Longevity and rapid growth4. What do you know about the Group77?The less-developed countries of UNCTED are known as the “Group of 77” which was created on 15th June 1964 and at present includes more than 130 members.5. In what way is a customs union different from a free trade area?The Customs Union goes a step further by adopting the same trade policy for all the members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing trade barriers among themselves. Imports from other countries are subject to the same tariff.6. What are the major modes of the modern freight transportation system?A: The five major modes of the modern freight transportation system are water, rail, truck, pipeline, and air.7. 4. W hat are the major factors that may influence the exchange rate? Explain briefly. (1) International balance of payment. The value of one’s ow n currency will go up withfavorable balance of payment and drop with BOP deficit.(2) Inflation. When inflation intensifies, the value of the currency will drop relative to foreign currencies and vice versa.(3) Interest rate. Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short term international fund, increasing the exchange rate of one’s own currency and vice versa.8. What are the 3 major functions of the bill of lading?(1) B/L serves as a cargo receipt signed by the carrier and issued to the shipper or consignor.3(2) B/L constitutes a contract of carriage between the carrier and the consignor.(3) B/L is a document of title to the goods, and the legal holder of it is the owner of the goods it covers.9. What is the objective of the International Monetary Fund? What is the relation between the IMF and the United Nations?The major function of the IMF is in the area of providing temporary financing for countries suffering cyclical, seasonal or random shocks that would weaken its currency.Both IBRD and IMF are institutions under the United Nations.10. What are the functions of insurance?A: Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism, whereby the individual or the business enterprise can shift some of the uncertainty of life onto the shoulders of others.英译汉：1. Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common forms of non-tariff barriers. A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. The limits may be in quantity or value terms，and quotas may be on a country basis or global，without reference to countries. They may be imposedunilaterally and can also be negotiated on a so-called voluntary basis.配额或数量限制是非关税壁垒最常见的一种形式。
国际商务英语学习计划模板
国际商务英语学习计划模板International Business English Learning Plan1. IntroductionThe global economy is becoming increasingly interconnected, and English has emerged as the predominant language of international business. As a result, proficiency in International Business English (IBE) is essential for professionals who work in multinational companies or aspire to work in a global business environment. This learning plan is designed to help individuals develop their IBE skills and improve their ability to communicate effectively in an international business context.2. ObjectivesThe primary objective of this learning plan is to enhance the participant's proficiency in International Business English. Specifically, the plan aims to:- Improve the participant's speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills in English.- Enhance the participant's ability to communicate effectively in a business setting.- Expand the participant's business vocabulary and knowledge of business practices.- Develop the participant's cross-cultural communication skills. 3. Target AudienceThis learning plan is suitable for professionals who work in multinational companies or aspire to work in a global businessenvironment. It is also appropriate for university students who are studying business or related fields and wish to improve their English communication skills.4. Learning MethodsThe learning plan will utilize a variety of methods to help participants develop their IBE skills, including:- Classroom instruction: Participants will attend classes to learn and practice English language skills, business vocabulary, and cross-cultural communication strategies.- Language practice: Participants will engage in speaking and writing practice exercises to improve their fluency and accuracy in English.- Business case studies: Participants will analyze and discuss real-world business cases to improve their business communication skills and decision-making abilities.- Cultural immersion: Participants will engage in activities that promote cross-cultural understanding and awareness.- Self-study: Participants will be encouraged to engage in self-study activities, such as reading business articles, listening to business podcasts, and practicing English language skills outside of the classroom.5. Learning ContentThe learning plan will cover a range of topics related to International Business English, including:- Business communication: Participants will learn how to write professional emails, reports, and presentations, as well as honetheir speaking and listening skills for business meetings and negotiations.- Business vocabulary: Participants will expand their vocabulary related to finance, marketing, operations, and other areas of business, as well as learn idiomatic expressions commonly used in business settings.- Cross-cultural communication: Participants will learn about different cultural communication styles, business etiquette, and how to navigate cross-cultural challenges in a global business environment.- Business writing: Participants will improve their ability to write clear, concise, and persuasive business documents, including emails, reports, and proposals.- Business speaking: Participants will practice speaking in a business context, such as making presentations, participating in meetings, and negotiating with clients or colleagues.6. AssessmentParticipants' progress will be assessed through a combination of quizzes, exams, presentations, and written assignments. The assessments will be designed to evaluate participants' language skills, business knowledge, and ability to communicate effectively in a business setting. Feedback will be provided to participants to help them identify areas for improvement and track their progress over time.7. DurationThe learning plan will be conducted over a period of 6 months, with classes held twice a week for 2 hours each session. In addition to classroom instruction, participants will be expected to engage in self-study activities outside of class hours to reinforce their learning.8. ResourcesParticipants will have access to a variety of resources to support their learning, including:- Textbooks and study materials: Participants will be provided with textbooks and study materials to help them develop their IBE skills and business knowledge.- Online resources: Participants will have access to online resources, such as language learning platforms, business articles, and case studies, to supplement their learning.- Language practice materials: Participants will have access to speaking and writing practice materials, such as conversation prompts, role-plays, and business writing exercises, to improve their language skills.- Business simulations: Participants will have the opportunity to engage in business simulations to apply their language and business skills in a realistic business setting.9. ConclusionThis learning plan is designed to help participants develop their International Business English skills and become more effective communicators in a global business environment. By improving their language proficiency, business knowledge, and cross-culturalcommunication skills, participants will be better prepared to succeed in international business and advance their careers.。
国际商务英语教程第三版教学设计
国际商务英语教程第三版教学设计一、课程背景国际商务英语是一门重要的商务英语课程，对学生提高英语语言能力，增加商务知识、拓展国际视野有着重要的作用。
《国际商务英语教程》作为经典的商务英语教材，已经出版多年，经历了多次修订和更新，第三版于近期出版，内容涵盖了商务英语的各个方面。
本教学设计以《国际商务英语教程》第三版为教材，旨在通过生动的课堂讲解、案例分析、模拟商务谈判等多种教学方式，帮助学生掌握商务英语，提高学生的专业技能，培养学生的国际竞争能力。
二、课程目标1.提高学生的商务英语阅读能力和听说能力；2.增加学生的商务知识，了解国际贸易规则、商务合同、信用证等内容；3.增强学生的跨文化交际能力，了解不同文化背景下的商业惯例和礼仪；4.培养学生的团队协作能力和谈判技巧，应对商务谈判的多种情景。
三、教学内容及方法1. 教学内容1.商务礼仪；2.商务文书写作；3.国际贸易规则；4.商业伦理和商业道德；5.商业谈判技巧；6.其他商务英语相关知识。
2. 教学方法1.讲解法：通过教师讲解来讲解商务英语的语法、词汇等方面的知识；2.案例分析法：通过商务案例分析，让学生了解商务谈判的规则和实际操作；3.仿真实践法：通过角色扮演和模拟商务谈判，培养学生的谈判能力；4.翻译练习法：通过阅读和翻译商务文书，让学生掌握商务英语的书写技巧。
四、教学评估1.课堂表现：平时的课堂表现将作为评估的一个因素；2.作业和考试：学生需要完成相应的作业和考试，以测试学生的英语语言能力和商务技能；3.实践性任务：学生需要在实际情况下应用所学内容，以加强学生的实际操作技能。
五、教学进度安排Week 1•课程介绍及商务英语概述；•商务英语词汇学习及练习。
Week 2•商务书信及邮件英文写作技巧；•商务礼仪介绍及模拟练习。
Week 3•进出口贸易基础知识；•商业信用证使用及操作。
Week 4•商务合同的基本要素及写法；•贸易保险的种类及操作。
Week 5•商业伦理与商业道德；•国际商务争端解决及谈判技巧。
国际商务英语综合教程 全套课件
国际商务英语综合教程
Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to International Business 国际商务简介
Ⅰ. Explanatory Notes on Technical Terms
Which引导的定语从句为修饰主句的定语从句，which 代表主句意义，注意译文。在科技英语与商务英语中， 经常有由代表整个主句意义的关系代词which引出一个 定语，翻译时和主句译成排比句。
E.g. The sun gives us light and heat, which makes us live on the earth possibly. 太阳给了我们光和热，这就使得我们有可能生活在地球 上。
由卖方开具汇票并随附单据，把它交给当地银行（托 收银行或受托银行）并提出托收申请，委托该银行通 过它在进口地的代理行（代收银行），代向进口人收 款。
18. Because the remitting bank instructs the collecting bank not to part the documents with the latter until the draft is accepted or paid, many of the difficulties mentioned in “Shipment at first and Settlement later” are removed by this method.
因此，世界商人完全不像国内商人，必须重视复杂的 和各种法律约束。
has to take into account (consideration)… 必须考虑
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Chapter 3
Organization & ways of business
—— Theory, language & Practice
Copyright@: prentice hall
English for International Business
Cooking Entertainment
Weddings
Crafts Gardening Home Holidays Children
English for International Business
An International Organization
CEO
Retail Division A
English for International Business
Ways of business
Wholesaling Retailing Franchising Agency Electronic commerce
English for International Business
Phrase Translation
独资商
一般合股商 优先股 董事会 合资 股息
Sole proprietorship
General partnership Preferred stock Board of directors Joint venture Dividends
Assessment: group cooperation; analysis; pronunciation; Power point
English for International Business
Organizational Structure
Specification of the jobs to be done within an organization and how those jobs relate to one another
English for International Business
Centralized and Decentralized Organizations
Centralized
Top managers hold most decision-making authority
Decentralized
usually involve in buying, physically handling, reselling nowadays public warehouse, field warehouse, trade shows and trade marts
English for International Business
Wholesaling
Nature of wholesaling
directly sell the products to industrial, reseller and institutional users
Major wholesaling activities
page 24
New types of wholesalers
Customer Geographic
Product
Functional
Process
English for International Business
The Decision-Making Hierarchy
Assigning Tasks Performing Tasks Distributing Authority
Retail Division B
International Division
Latin America
Europe
Asia
English for International Business
“Anyone can do any amount of work provided it isn't the work he's supposed to be doing at the moment.”
English for International Business
Issues With Delegating
Small Business Owners:
Employees can’t do anything as well as you can Something will go wrong if someone else takes over a job Lack of time for long range planning Sense of being in the dark about industry trends and competition
Franchising
Definition
page 27
Types
a. product franchise b. manufacturing franchise c. business-format franchise
Advantages and disadvantages
English for International Business
The Building Blocks of Organizational Structure
SPECIALIZATION
What needs to be done, and who will do it?
DEPARTMENTALIZATION
English for International Business
assignment
Topic: Business environment analysis Choose one of the top 500 companies. And the following elements might be included in your presentation. 1) Competitors analysis 2) Way of entrance to Chinese market 3) Strategies 4) SWOT analysis
A Matrix Organization
MARTHA STEWART
Area Specialists
Magazines Books
Media Group
Internet Radio/ Newspaper Network/ Cable TV
Merchandising Group
Kmart line Catalog line Sears Paint Specialty retailing
~ Robert Benchley
English for International Business
The Future of Organizational Structure
Boundaryless Organizations Team Organizations Virtual Organizations Learning Organizations
Basic Forms of Organizational Structure
Functional Organization Divisional Organization MatOrganization
English for International Business
Relatively wide span of control
English for International Business
Forms of Authority
Line Authority
– Line Departments
Committee and Team Authority
English for International Business
English for International Business
Issues With Delegating
Big Business Managers:
Fear that subordinates don’t really know how to do the job Fear that a subordinate might “show up” the manager by doing well Desire for control Lack of delegating ability
Lower level managers hold significant decision-making authority
English for International Business
Organizational Structure and Span of Control
Relatively narrow span of control