Construction Strategy Exploration of College English Listening and Speaking Course Under
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01
Introduction
Background and significance
Education Reform Requirement: With the deepening of education reform, cultivating students' critical thinking ability has become an important goal of English writing teaching in high schools
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Analysis of the Current Situation
Analysis of the Current Situation
In order to develop effective questionnaire design, we need to focus on the following aspects
Development of Students' Core Competencies: Critical thinking ability is an essential core competency for students, which helps them analyze and solve problems independently, make judgments, and evaluate information objectively
中国语境下艺术乡建中的公共艺术设计策略探索
111学研探索摘要：近年来，我国乡村建设一直是以类城市化的模式在发展，导致乡村士绅化、价值趋利化的问题。
为了改善乡村公共空间环境、修复传统文化失语、打破原住民文化身份困境、解决社区关系淡漠等问题，提升人居环境品质，实现乡村地区人、产业和环境的可持续发展。
本文采用调研法、直接观察法和文献研究法相结合的方式展开，选取浙北地区艺术介入程度较高的乡村公共空间进行实地调研，找出国内艺术介入乡村公共空间普遍性的问题。
提出利用旧事物创造新价值、增加公共艺术设施的灵活性、创新应用传统材料和工艺、用产业特色打造主题景观、利用低技化的新技术的设计策略和方法，形成一般性研究成果。
该方法为今后公共艺术在乡村空间设计层面提供了参考。
关键词：中国语境 艺术乡建 公共空间 公共艺术 设计策略中图分类号：TU852 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-0069（2021）03-0111-03Abstract：In recent years ，China's rural construction has been developing in the mode of quasi-urbanization ，which leads to the problems of rural gentrification andvalue trend. In order to improve the environment of rural public space ，repair the aphasia of traditional culture ，break the dilemma of indigenous cultural identity ，solve the indifferent community relations and other problems ，improve the quality of living environment ，and realize the sustainable development of people ，industry and environment in rural areas.This paper adopts the method of investigation ，direct observation and literature research to conduct field research on rural public space with a high degree of artistic involvement in northern Zhejiang region ，and summarizes the universal problems of domestic artistic involvement in rural public space.The design strategies and methods of using old things to create new values ，increasing the flexibility of public art facilities ，innovating the application of traditional materials and techniques ，creating themed landscapes with industrial characteristics ，and using new low-tech technologies are proposed to form general research results.This method provides reference for the future public art design in rural space.Keywords：The strategy of public Art design for building Public space Chinese context Art town江南大学设计学院 高瑞鑫 张希晨引言近年来，我国乡村建设一直是以类城市化的模式在发展，导致乡村士绅化、价值趋利化的问题，乡村建设集中在生态治理、基础设施建设等，工业化、标准化的建设模式导致乡村风貌的丧失。
新视野大学英语第三版 book 2 翻译+填空
Unit 11．中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。
Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world2．中国书法艺术的形成，发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。
The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.3．汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。
In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. 4．书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有“字如其人”的说法。
Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person".5．中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。
Research_on_the_construction_of_the_technical_stan
宇航用商业现货元器件保证技术标准体系构建研究Research on the construction of the technical standards system on assurance of COTS components for space applicationBy Wang Yue, Zhu Hengjing, Zhang Haiming, Huang Jinying文/汪悦 朱恒静 张海明 黄金英(China Academy of Space Technology)Abstract: To meet more and more high-quality and low-cost needs in aerospace fields nowadays, the large-scale application of COTS components needs standards guidance. This paper discusses the construction of the technical standards system on assurance of COTS components for space application. Focusing on the core areas of aerospace technology, it gives the standards system framework and key standards such as selection criteria, quality assurance standards, storage and protection standards, and use guides.Keywords: COTS components, assurance, space application, large-scale application, standards system construction1. IntroductionFor excellent performance, high maturity, large batch and low procurement cost, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components are widely used in aerospace areas such as test satellites and load systems. In recent years, based on the rich experience in the use of commercial aerospace and the technical development of electronic industry, domestic and foreign aerospace institutions and enterprises are studying how to better apply COTS components in traditional aerospace projects. NASA [1], ESA [2] and JAXA [3] all take a positive attitude towards the application of COTS components, and widely adopt low-cost components with sectoral standard and mature technology. Many private venture companies such as Space X, which call themselves the New Space Industry [4], with limited resources, also heavily use COTS components. Using COTS components to improve the performance of spacecraft and reduce the mission cost is technically feasible, which is the general trend of aerospace development.As COTS components have some typical problems, such as non-radiation-resistant design, fast obsolescence and lack of reliability information, there are still risks in the use of aerospace missions, especially traditional aerospace projects. It is a consensus reached by domestic and foreign institutions that risk control must be carried out through assurance technology and large-scale application with standards system construction.2. Research on assurance technology of COTS components for space applicationThe specific requirements of COTS components for aerospace missions are mainly reflected in cost control, risk control, rapid application of advanced components and their long-term stable supply. The key points in the space application of COTS components are as follows: (1) Select components that meet the needs of aerospace missions; (2) Use quality assurance procedures and methods to achieve high cost effectiveness; (3) Use risk identification and control methods oriented to the characteristics of components precisely; (4) Adopt assurance strategy to adapt to component obsolescence risks.China has carried out research and exploration on quality assurance technology of COTS components for more than twenty years, which has formed a set of selection and quality assurance methods for COTS components for highly reliable spacecraft, established a technical system on quality assurance with structural analysis, screening, examination and test, and radiation evaluation as the main lines, and formed a risk control method including common failure mechanisms of COTS components such as moisture absorption, contamination and corrosion, gold-aluminum bond effect, popcorn effect, and tin whisker mitigation. The research results of differentiated quality assurance methods,TANDARDIZATION RESEARCHBETTER COMMUNICATION ｜ GREATER VALUEspace application risk matrix, potential fault acceleration technology and stress equivalence technology of COTS components have been obtained, and a large amount of data on quality assurance, radiation evaluation and on-orbit application has been accumulated.3. Standardization status and problems3.1 COTS component application strategy Relying on the national standards, China has established the top-level requirements and basic system framework of COTS component assurance, such as GB/T 41040-2021[5], which determined the requirements of COTS component quality assurance under different application conditions, basically met the urgent demand for COTS components in aerospace missions, and provided standards for quality assurance. However, the concept is relatively conservative, and the quality assurance of COTS components according to the requirements of aerospace components cannot fully meet the needs of mass application in terms of cost, efficiency and supply assurance. It is necessary to study and establish a set of requirements and quality control methods to adapt to the mass application of COTS components in spacecraft. The application strategy of COTS components system should be clarified, the components base should be determined, and the supply mode should be optimized to improve the supply efficiency.3.2 Different understanding of COTS components makes the selection difficultChina began to use COTS components in early 21st century, which is mainly plastic packaging components, and successfully carried out the quality assurance of COTS components for dozens of spacecrafts.The open standards of COTS components that have been applied and planned include: international standards of ISO, Chinese national standards, and associations standards of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC), Automotive Electronics Council (AEC), etc. In the process of selecting and using COTS components, people in different fields have different understandings of COTS components, which makes the selection miscellaneous, scattered and chaotic, and is not conducive to quality control and supply chain assurance. In the supply chain, the different understandings of COTS components standards and qualit y among producers, suppliers, guarantors and users lead to difficulties in communication, and it is difficult to reach an agreement on whether the products are qualified in the application process, which leads to the inefficient application of some advanced components. It is urgent to strengthen the basic common standards such as product standards, selection standards and quality assurance standards, to help reach a consensus quickly on the understanding of COTS components.3.3 The implementation of key technologies for quality assurance of COTS components According to data, the failure rate of COTS components after up-screening is about 4 ppm, with zero failure in orbit, and the reliability is almost equivalent to that of aerospace components. However, the rejection rate of quality assurance is quite high, about 10%, which is more than the rate of aerospace components. The rate is not completely consistent with the objective law of mature COTS technology. There are also some disputes about the test criteria of COTS components such as appearance and acoustic scanning. Balancing quality, efficiency and cost has always been the key point of COTS component assurance. There are differences between COTS technology and traditional aerospace technology in design, materials, performance margin, packaging density, etc. At present, there is a lack of targeted quality assurance test method standards for COTS technology[6], and the implementation process refers to the criteria of aerospace components, especially in advanced packaging and high-precision indicators, which may lead to excessive redundancy. It is urgent to establish the fittest test method standards focusing on the key technologies of COTS component quality assurance.3.4 The large-scale application of COTS components When COTS components are applied in large scale, there are still the following problems to be solved: (1) In selection, it is necessary to evaluate the comprehensive benefits for the use of COTS components, such as environmental applicability and input-output ratio, so as to provide iterative optimization and decision-making basis for application. So, selection guidelines, functional requirements, technical requirements and other related standards are needed to be developed. (2) Once the aerospace mission decides to apply COTS components on a large scale, it is needed to determine approaches of assurance. The failure rate of use reasons is about 77%. The large-scale use of COTS components shows that the application assurance aspects such as storage, process protection, circuit board design and electrical assembly process are still relatively weak, which need to be standardized in combination with the current technical situation.4. Establishment of the technical standards system framework4.1 Design idea of the standards systemThe design idea of standards system is showed in Figure 1 and as follows:(1) From the demand side, we should focus on the research on the ecological environment construction of COTS components for aerospace use. Based on the existing quality assurance standards of COTS components, the standards system is established to specifically solve the engineeringproblems of what environment to use, what standards components for use, and how to use them, how to control the use risk and how long to use them. Combined with the life cycle of components, the framework of the standards system, the objectives and main contents of standards revision are designed.(2) From the supply side, we should study the strategies for adopting standards which are not for space components, to improve the understanding of the basic capabilities of the supply chain, and to answer questions such as: what products are available; whether the application environment is mature; whether mature applications can be transplanted; how much risk is tolerated; what plan is needed for sustainable application. Relevant standards are an important component of the standards system to achieve good compatibility with the commercial market.4.2 Design principle of the standards systemThe design principles of standards system are as follows:(1) Starting from the development needs of aerospace m i s s i o n s , w e n e e d t o s y s t e m a t i c a l l y s o r t o u t t h e standardization requirements of aerospace missions for large-scale application of COTS components, which pay attention to the overall coordination of national standards, sectoral standards and enterprise standards, domestic standards and international standards, technical standards and managementstandards, and build a standards system that is mutually connected and coordinated.(2) Focusing on the core areas of deep integration of aerospace technology in civil component manufacturing industry, we need to not only combine the achievements and experience accumulated in the process of quality assurance and use of COTS components in China, but also absorb the fittest standards of IEC, AEC and IPC, which conform to the latest trend of component technology development, and innovatively develop advanced standards in the frontier areas of COTS components for application to ensure the applicability and effectiveness of the standards system.(3) To address the urgent needs of aerospace missions, we should clarify the key areas that need to be standardized, coordinate standards resources, and optimize the standards structure. The key problems restricting the low-cost application of COTS components are as follows: a) Imperfect procurement and supply leads to high quality assurance cost; b) Over-assurance may be caused by insufficient technical understanding of components; c) Over-assurance may be caused by the limited understanding of the supply chain. It is necessary to give priority to the key standards that are urgently needed for the large-scale application.4.3 Standards system frameworkThe framework of the standards system is shown inFigure 1: Design idea of the standards systemTANDARDIZATION RESEARCHBETTER COMMUNICATION ｜ GREATER VALUEFigure 2, including five components: basic standards for component lines and products, selection standards, quality assurance standards, storage and protection standards and use standards.(1) Basic standards. It is necessary to formulate guidelines for the adoption of civil standards, weak links and key points of assurance in various fields, which may adopt the existing standards for COTS components in other fields, such as component line certification requirements and product detailed specifications, and guide the selection, assurance and application standardization of COTS components. (2) Selection criteria. From the user’s point of view, it is necessary to clarify the elements and priorities of supplier selection, standards selection, and product selection. (3) Quality assurance standards. Key items that need to be standardized are: a) the basic working procedures and requirements, especially the safety bottom line; b) quality assurance test guide for optoelectronic components; c) the targeted tests and defect evaluation methods such as appearance, acoustic scanning, DPA and radiation. (4) Storage and protection standards. They are the standards for long-term storage of chips and batch storage of COTS components.(5) Use standards. The use design and process requirements according to the characteristics of COTS component parameter margin, lead-free solder and high-density packaging are necessary. And the risk control method of COTS components based on mission reliability is necessary too.5. Suggestions5.1 Collaborate to promote the development of large-scale application of COTS components based on the standards system frameworkWe will achieve the consensus of different aerospace missions on the large-scale application of COTS components in spacecraft, develop the framework of the general standards system for the large-scale application of COTS components in spacecraft according to the different needs of aerospace missions. At the same time, with standardization as the link, we will build a standardized working system in which most aerospace agencies actively participate, to ensure collaborative innovation, and to accelerate the transformation of new technolog ies, concept s and met hods of COTS components into key standards quickly.5.2 Promote the development of key standards in an orderly manner according to the content of the standards systemGuided by the framework of the standards system, we will focus on developing the key standards in urgent need step by[1] Majewicz P. NASA Efforts in Utilizing Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Electronics in Mission Systems [A]. Assessment of Commercial Components Enabling Disruptive Space Electronics (ACCEDE) 2022, Seville Spain: Oct 19-21, 2022[2] Tonicello F. ESA position and activities related to COTS Usage in Space [A]. Assessment of Commercial Components Enabling Disruptive Space Electronics (ACCEDE) 2022, Seville Spain: Oct 19-21, 2022[3] Kawara. The development of an evaluation method for using COTS in JAXA [A]. Assessment of Commercial Components Enabling Disruptive Space Electronics (ACCEDE) 2022, Seville Spain: Oct 19-21, 2022[4] Quintas C. L. COTS Electronic Parts for Next Space Challenges and Achievements [A]. Assessment of Commercial Components Enabling Disruptive Space Electronics (ACCEDE) 2022, Seville Spain: Oct 19-21, 2022[5] Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 41040-2021, COTS semiconductor parts for space application—Quality assurance requirements [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2021[6] Hodson R. F., Chen Y., and Pandolf J. E. Recommendations on Use of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for NASA Missions [R/OL]. [2022-06-15]. https:///citations/20205011579ReferencesWang Yue, Senior Engineer from China Academy of Space Technology, is mainly engaged in the research on components standardization technologies.About the author:step, speed up the development of the key standards of quality assurance for COTS components, balance the relationship between quality cost and risk acceptability, and solve the specific realization problems of differentiated assurance.5.3 Focus on the large-scale application of COTS components with key standardsWe w ill promote t he st andards development and independent innovation of each subsystem, support the exploration of technological innovations in intensive plastic packaging , lead-free solder, photoelectric component assurance and commercial module assurance, and focus on the breakthroughs of core technologies. We will research on and apply core technologies, gradually guide the establishment of an open and cooperative COTS component application support platform, and systematically select and promote the COTS component application examples.5.4 Speed up the application and popularization of standardsThrough publicity and training, pilot demonstration, case promotion and other ways, standardization will be accelerated in various aerospace missions with standards and specifications, and supporting system such as protection of the whole process of COTS component and chip reserve will be improved, so as to speed up the reconstruction of assurance mode and supply mode and effectively realize cost reduction,efficiency improvement and innovative development.6. ConclusionBy proposing the st andards system f ramework of assurance technolog y of COTS component s for space application, this paper provides reference for the development of technical standards for COTS components assurance, which can promote the competitiveness of Chinese space application.The follow-up work is to focus on the national space indust r y development st rateg y of COTS component s application, widely solicit opinions about the goals of COTS components assurance, and develop key technical standards as soon as possible. Then, the technical standards system of assurance of COTS components for space application will be established in line with Chinese independent intellectual property rights, which can guide the R&D and operation of assurance of COTS components with high quality and low cost, and actively connect with national competent departments and international standards organizations. As a result, China will strive to participate in the development of relevant international standards, thus promoting the internationalization of the technical standards on the assurance of COTS components for space application.TANDARDIZATION RESEARCHBETTER COMMUNICATION ｜ GREATER VALUE。
新工科背景下机械制图课程综合改革探索
AUTOMOBILE EDUCATION | 汽车教育1 引言当今世界正在经历新一轮的科技革命和产业变革，综合国力的竞争愈加激烈，为应对金融危机挑战、扩大实体经济、抢占未来全球创新生态的制高点，主要发达国家都将重振制造业作为优先发展的战略目标。
为应对新的国际形势，我国政府发布了《中国制造2025》，制定了制造强国建设的战略部署，促使从制造大国向制造强国转变[1]。
高等教育水平是一个国家发展水平和发展潜力的重要标志，工程教育与产业发展紧密联系、相互支撑。
新工科建设是为响应制造强国战略需求，支撑服务新经济蓬勃发展，突破核心关键技术所开展的高等工程教育改革。
2017年2月，教育部发布了《关于开展新工科研究与实践的通知》，指出发展建设新工科要围绕新理念、新结构、新模式、新质量、新体系开展[2]。
随后，《复旦共识》《天大行动》《北京指南》的新工科“三部曲”，标志着中国的新工科建设从思想到行动，已正式拉开帷幕。
新工科建设以互联网和工业智能为核心，创新性地优化工程技术人才培养体系，一方面是新建包括大数据、云计算、人工智能、区块链、虚拟现实、空天技术等领域的新工科专业，另一方面是以智能建造、智能制造、云计算、人工智能、机器人、智能医学等新技术驱动传统工科专业升级改造[3]。
前者指一个全新的领域，后者指传统工科专业的理念、内容、标准、方法技术都需要更新改造。
机械制图作为所有机械大类学生的专业核心基础课，它是工程教育的基础，必须开展理性自觉的教学改革，以适应新工科背景下对课程教学的新要求。
2 新工科对机械制图教学提出新要求新工科对机械制图教育提出了新要求，具体体现在以下四个方面：（1）对机械制图教学内容提出了新要求。
在工业4.0和互联网+的时代背景下，数字化、网联化、智能化等新趋势给工程设计方式带来革命性的变革，用人单位对毕业生的制图技能提出了更高要求，传统的机械制图教学内容已不能满足新工科建设的新要求。
（2）对制图知识与其他机械课程的交叉融合提出了更高要求。
EPC总包 “C”做什么？
Business Planning
Project Development
Project Execution
Startup
l l
Front End Engineering Early Procurement
l l
Detailed Engineering Procurement l Construction Turnover l l Commissioning & Startup l Final Documentation Final Report l HAZOP Review
是否可以形成以下纪要？
1. “C”过程是项目的重要过程，伴随项目全过程
2. “C”过程是项目团队的共同责任
3. “C”部门和“C”管理团队不仅要对施工现场的施工过程 负责，也要为项目其他过程，如项目获得过程、设计 过程、开车过程、项目启动、策划、实施、控制、结 尾过程输入施工过程的有关信息和知识，提供相关的
“C”过程百态寻根
但要使过程达到这样的状态并不容易，”C”过程中常有异象 百态，造成过程的进度落后、质量瑕疵、费用超出、安全 失控、环境恶化、氛围紧张、疑云丛生、流言散播、士气 低迷、效率低下，使项目陷入严重危机，甚者影响公司声
誉。
对于百态的说辞，各式各样：
百态说辞归纳
•客户要求太高 •合同条件苛刻 •资源获取困难 •项目干预太多
支持。
“C”过程百态寻根
你如何定义项目的成功?
•原则：真正成功的项目是交付了预定标的、得到想要的结果，并符合 干系人期望的项目 •实现了项目的预定目标:交付物、质量、时间、费用； •完成了项目合同定义范围的全部工作；
•按计划有效进行了项目的控制；
•识别并按计划控制了项目风险； •按计划控制并获得了预计的利润； •妥善处理了各方的利益和矛盾； •为市场创造了品牌； •为公司集聚了知识、技术、人才。
《基于哈佛分析框架的房地产公司财务研究国内外文献综述5100字》
基于哈佛分析框架的房地产公司财务研究国内外文献综述1 国外研究现状（1）关于房地产公司经营发展的研究国外关于房地产公司经营发展的研究较早，尤其是21世纪以后，相关的研究很多，Michael Ramorio（2017）研究发达国家和发展国家的不同，发达国家的房地产公司更注重建立良好的品牌形象、提升产品质量和防范资金风险，而发展中国家则更注重房地产销售这个环节，因此对影响房地产行业价格波动的政策更关注[1]。
Yontz,William L（2020）在对印度尼西亚的房地产公司发展战略的研究中，得到了发展战略需要根据外界环境的变化、企业内业务的调整和财务状况这三者共同来确定[2]。
Peter MK ,Kraft C（2020）对澳大利亚国内排名前10的房地产公司进行研究，发现实力强的房地产公司更应该积极地采用全球化战略去开拓国外市场，才是最有利于企业发展的[3]。
Ngoc N M , Tien N H（2021）根据成本模型建立了一体化战略模型同样得出了房地产公司的发展战略制定需要优先考虑其业务活动的调整[4]。
（2）关于财务分析的研究Khoja L, Chipulu M, Jayasekera R(2019）认为，在分析企业财务状况时，必须结合宏观环境和行业发展前景等非财务信息，才能全面、准确了解企业经营状况，降低经营风险[5]。
Michael H.David L和John D(2020）认为财务分析是一项非常丰富的工具，但目前缺乏适用于所有企业的分析指标。
因此提出用距离度量指标来解释股权收益、企业债券评级和企业困境的总体风险和系统性风险，并说明了大数据应用在财务分析中可以发挥的优势[6]。
Martin Fridson(2010）重点研究了股票价值分析以及并购估值的财务分析框架，指出企业的经营环境受国内外政经济环境的影响。
在财务分析框架有对外部环境信息的详细分析，可以有效地增强财务预测的准确性[7]。
指南针的发明英语作文
指南针的发明英语作文The Invention of the CompassThe compass, a simple yet ingenious device, has played a pivotal role in the exploration and navigation of the world. Its invention has been a topic of fascination for centuries, with many scholars and historians tracing its origins to various ancient civilizations. In this essay, we will delve into the fascinating history of the compass and explore how this remarkable invention has shaped the course of human exploration and discovery.The earliest known use of a compass-like device can be traced back to ancient China, where the first magnetic compasses were used for divination and feng shui practices as early as the 4th century BC. These early compasses were made of lodestone, a naturally magnetized iron ore, and were used to determine the cardinal directions. The Chinese recognized the value of these devices in navigation and gradually refined their design and functionality over the centuries.As trade and exploration expanded across the globe, the compass became an indispensable tool for seafarers and explorers. TheEuropean Age of Exploration, which began in the 15th century, was greatly facilitated by the use of the compass. Navigators and captains relied on this instrument to chart their courses across vast oceans, guiding their ships to distant lands and opening up new trade routes.One of the most significant developments in the history of the compass was the introduction of the dry compass, which replaced the earlier liquid-filled compasses. The dry compass, which used a magnetized needle suspended on a pivot, was more reliable and less prone to errors caused by the sloshing of the liquid. This innovation, attributed to the European explorer and navigator Flavio Gioia in the early 14th century, greatly improved the accuracy and usability of the compass, making it an indispensable tool for maritime exploration.As the compass became more widely adopted, its influence extended beyond the realms of navigation and exploration. It found applications in surveying, cartography, and even military strategy. The ability to accurately determine direction and orientation proved invaluable in the construction of roads, railways, and other infrastructure projects. Cartographers used the compass to create increasingly accurate maps, which in turn facilitated further exploration and trade.The compass also played a crucial role in the development ofscientific knowledge and the understanding of the Earth's magnetic field. Pioneering scientists, such as William Gilbert, studied the compass and its behavior, leading to the discovery of the Earth's magnetic properties and the principles of magnetism. These discoveries paved the way for advancements in fields like geology, meteorology, and even the development of modern navigation and communication technologies.Today, the compass continues to be an essential tool in various industries and applications. From the handheld compasses used by hikers and outdoor enthusiasts to the sophisticated navigation systems found in modern aircraft and ships, the compass remains a vital instrument for orientation and direction-finding. Its impact on human history and the advancement of knowledge is undeniable, and it continues to be a symbol of our innate human desire to explore, navigate, and understand the world around us.In conclusion, the invention of the compass is a remarkable testament to the ingenuity and curiosity of the human mind. From its humble beginnings in ancient China to its integral role in global exploration and scientific discovery, the compass has left an indelible mark on the course of human history. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology and exploration, the compass remains a humble yet indispensable tool, guiding us on our journey of discovery and understanding.。
中国近四十年的发展成就英语作文
中国近四十年的发展成就英语作文The past four decades have witnessed China's extraordinary transformation from an agrarian society into a global economic powerhouse. This remarkable journey has been characterized by unprecedented economic growth, technological advancements, and improvements in the standard of living for millions of its citizens. Analyzing this multifaceted progress requires a comprehensive approach, encompassing various perspectives that highlight the depth and breadth of China's achievements. One cannot discuss China's progress without acknowledging the staggering economic growth it has experienced. From embracing market-oriented reforms to attracting foreign investment, China's pragmatic policies have propelled it to become the world's second-largest economy. This economic boom has not only lifted millionsout of poverty but has also fostered a burgeoning middle class with increasing purchasing power and aspirations. The bustling metropolises, modernized infrastructure, and thriving industries stand as testaments to the nation's economic prowess. Technological innovation has been a cornerstone of China's development strategy. The nation has made significant strides in various fields, including space exploration, artificial intelligence, and renewable energy.China's advancements in space technology, exemplified by its successful lunar missions and the construction of its own space station, have placed it among the leading spacefaring nations. Moreover, the country has emerged as a global leaderin artificial intelligence research and application, with its tech giantsinvesting heavily in -powered solutions across various sectors. This commitment to technological advancement has not only enhanced China's economic competitiveness but has also improved the lives of its citizens through innovative applications in healthcare, education, and transportation. The improvement in the livingstandards of the Chinese people is another crucial aspect of the nation's progress. Over the past four decades, China has made significant strides in poverty alleviation, healthcare, and education. Millions have been lifted out of poverty, and access to basic necessities such as food, shelter, and clothing hassignificantly improved. The healthcare system has undergone substantial reforms, expanding access to medical services and improving health outcomes for the population. Additionally, education has been prioritized, with increasedinvestment in schools, universities, and vocational training programs. This focus on human development has empowered individuals, enhanced social mobility, and contributed to a more equitable society. China's rise has also had a profound impact on the global stage. As a major player in international trade and diplomacy, China has actively engaged with the world, promoting cooperation and partnerships. The Belt and Road Initiative, a massive infrastructure development project connecting Asia, Europe, and Africa, exemplifies China's commitment to fostering global connectivity and economic integration. Moreover, China has played an increasingly important role in addressing global challenges such as climate change and pandemics, advocating for multilateralism and international cooperation. However, China's rapid development has also presented challenges. Environmental concerns, income inequality, and demographic shifts are among the issues that the nation needs to address to ensure sustainable and inclusive growth. China has acknowledged these challenges and has implemented various policies to mitigatetheir impact. For instance, the government has introduced measures to combat pollution, promote green technologies, and transition towards a more sustainable economic model. Efforts are also underway to address income disparities through social welfare programs and regional development initiatives. In conclusion, China's journey over the past four decades has been one of remarkable progress and transformation. The nation's economic achievements, technological advancements,and improvements in living standards have positioned it as a global leader. While challenges remain, China's commitment to innovation, sustainable development, and international cooperation suggests a promising future for the nation and its continued contribution to the world.。
中国石油集团公司对外名称系列英文翻译
一、公司领导职务英文翻译集团公司：China National PetroleumCorporation总经理：President副总经理：Vice President总会计师：Chief Financial Officer纪检组长：Chief of Discipline&Inspection Group、Vice President总经理助理：Assistant President总法律顾问：General Counsel副总会计师：Deputy Chief Financial Officer副总经济师：Deputy Chief Economist副总工程师：Deputy Chief Engineer股份公司：PetroChina Company Limited董事长：Chairman,Board of Directors副董事长：Vice Chairman,Board of Directors董事：Director,Board of Directors监事会主席：Chairman,Board of Supervisors总裁：President副总裁：Vice President财务总监：Chief Financial Officer总工程师：Chief Engineer总地质师：Chief Geologist董事会秘书：Secretary,Board of Directors二、机关部门及处室职务英文翻译机关部门职务：1办公厅、直属党委、××办公室、××部、××局：主任（总经理）：Director-General副主任（副总经理）：Deputy Director-General副总工程师：Deputy Chief Engineer副总经济师：Deputy Chief Economist副总会计师：Deputy Chief Accountant副总审计师：Deputy Chief Auditor2、专业公司：总经理：President副总经理：Vice President总工程师：Chief Engineer总经济师：Chief Economist总地质师：Chief Geologist总会计师：Chief Financial Officer3、董事会助理秘书：Assistant Secretary,Board of Directors纪委书记Secretary,Disciplinary Inspection工会主席Chairman,Worker’s Union4、处室主任、处长：Director副主任、副处长：Deputy Director二、下属子公司、分公司职务：总经理：President副总经理：Vice President（副）总工程师：(Deputy)Chief Engineer（副）总经济师：(Deputy)Chief Economist（副）总地质师：(Deputy)Chief Geologist（副）总会计师：(Deputy)Chief Accountant处室、处级办公室：Department处室主任、处长：Director副主任、副处长：Deputy Director科室：Division；科长：Chief；副科长：Deputy Chief三、机关部门及处室名称英文翻译。
初中英语学习社区建设计划
Personalized learning support services
Establish a student information database to record each student's learning progress, disciplines, and needs
Provide personalized learning plans and recommendations based on students' actual situations
Goal and Vision Planning
Goal
To create a vibrant and include English learning community that fosters student engagement, collaboration, and autonomy
Vision
Technical implementation and operational support
Technology selection and architecture planning
Selection of appropriate technologies
Choose technologies that are suitable for middle school English learning, such as language learning platforms, intelligent tutoring systems, and multimedia teaching resources
Lake of authentic materials
Access to authentic English language materials, such as novels, newspapers, and films, is limited in many middle schools
熟虑定策略的英语作文
In the realm of strategic planning,the process of careful consideration is paramount. The ability to think through various scenarios and outcomes is what separates a wellcrafted strategy from one that is hastily put together.Heres a detailed English essay on the importance of deliberation in formulating strategies.The Art of Strategic DeliberationIn the complex world of decisionmaking,the process of formulating a strategy is akin to a master chess player contemplating their next move.It requires foresight,an understanding of the situation at hand,and the ability to anticipate the reactions of others. The essence of a successful strategy lies in its careful and deliberate construction,a process that cannot be rushed or taken lightly.Understanding the LandscapeThe first step in the strategic deliberation process is to understand the landscape in which the strategy will be implemented.This involves a thorough analysis of the current situation,including the strengths and weaknesses of the organization,the opportunities and threats in the environment,and the capabilities and intentions of competitors.Only with a comprehensive understanding of these factors can a strategist begin to craft a plan that is both realistic and effective.Setting Clear ObjectivesOnce the landscape has been assessed,the next step is to establish clear and achievable objectives.These objectives should be specific,measurable,attainable,relevant,and timebound SMART.They serve as the guiding light for the strategy,providing a clear direction and purpose.Without welldefined objectives,a strategy can easily lose its way, becoming a rudderless ship adrift in a sea of uncertainty.Developing Alternative StrategiesWith objectives in place,the strategist must then consider various alternative strategies that could achieve these goals.This involves brainstorming,creative thinking,and the exploration of different approaches.Each alternative should be evaluated based on its feasibility,potential impact,and alignment with the organizations values and resources. The process of considering multiple options promotes a more robust and flexible strategy.Evaluating and Selecting the Best StrategyAfter developing a range of alternatives,the next phase is to evaluate each one against a set of criteria.This might include the strategys potential for success,its alignment with the organizations longterm vision,and the risks associated with its implementation. Through a process of comparison and elimination,the strategist can identify the most promising strategy or a combination of strategies that best meet the organizations needs. Testing and Refining the StrategyBefore finalizing the strategy,it is crucial to test its viability.This might involve running simulations,seeking feedback from stakeholders,or piloting the strategy in a controlled environment.The insights gained from this testing phase can reveal potential pitfalls and areas for improvement,allowing the strategist to refine the strategy before fullscale implementation.Implementing with FlexibilityOnce the strategy has been carefully considered,evaluated,and refined,it is time for implementation.However,this is not the end of the strategic process.A good strategist must be prepared to adapt and adjust the strategy as new information becomes available or as circumstances change.Flexibility and agility are key to ensuring that the strategy remains effective and relevant.ConclusionIn conclusion,the art of strategic deliberation is a multifaceted process that requires patience,insight,and a willingness to explore multiple perspectives.It is through this careful and thoughtful approach that organizations can develop strategies that are not only effective in achieving their objectives but also resilient in the face of an everchanging landscape.The strategic deliberation process is,therefore,a vital component of organizational success in todays dynamic and competitive world.。
合理控制装饰工程项目造价管理的有益
合理控制装饰工程项目造价管理的有益探索The Beneficial Exploration to Reasonably Control in the Cost Management of Decoration Project■ 颜 瑜1潘丽霞2■Yan Yu1Pan Lixia2[摘 要] 随着社会的发展，基础设施建设项目的不断增多，装饰工程项目也随之增多，使得建筑装饰施工企业面临着新的挑战与机遇，对工程造价管理的要求也越来越高。
因此，这就要求建筑装饰施工企业必须重新认识有关工程造价管理问题的重要性，不断探讨装饰工程项目造价管理模式，使其更好地满足我国社会主义市场经济的发展要求。
本文主要就装饰工程项目造价管理进行相关阐述，并提出了自己的相应观点。
[关键字] 装饰工程项目 造价管理 有益探索 策略[Abstract] With the development of society, the infrastructure construction project growing, decoration project has increased, making the architectural decoration construction enterprises are facing new challenges and opportunities, and the requirements to project cost management are increasingly high. Therefore, this requires building decoration construction enterprises must recognize the importance of the problem of project cost management, we explore the cost management mode of decoration project to meet the development of our socialist market economy requirements better. This paper mainly discusses decoration project cost management, and puts forward their own points of view.[Keywords]decoration project, cost management, the beneficial exploration, strategy随着社会的发展，人们生活水平日益提高，他们对住宅建筑空间环境提出了更高的要求，在很大程度上促进了建筑装饰水准越来越高。
建设现代化产业体系英语
The construction of a modern industrial system is a significantstrategic deployment made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from the height of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. This article aims to delve into the profound significance of this strategic deployment, discuss the core tasks and important pathways, and explore the implications for China's economic development.I. The Significance of Building a Modern Industrial System1.1 Strategic PositionBuilding a modern industrial system is a major strategic task forChina's economic development in the new era. It is a strategic decision made by the Party Central Committee to comprehensively implement the strategy of modernization, and it is of great significance for achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.1.2 Economic FoundationA modern industrial system is the foundation of a modern economy. The construction of a modern industrial system can drive the development of the real economy, promote the upgrading of industrial structure, and enhance the core competitiveness of the national economy.1.3 Social DevelopmentThe construction of a modern industrial system is conducive to promoting social development, improving people's living standards, and realizing the comprehensive well-being of the people.II. Core Tasks of Building a Modern Industrial System2.1 Strengthening the Real EconomyThe real economy is the foundation of the national economy. It is necessary to enhance the quality and efficiency of the real economy, promote the development of high-quality manufacturing, and foster new growth drivers such as the Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence.2.2 Promoting Industrial InnovationInnovation is the primary driving force for industrial development. Itis necessary to deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system, promote the integration of innovation, education, and production, and cultivate a strong innovative culture.2.3 Optimizing Industrial StructureThe optimization of the industrial structure is an important aspect of building a modern industrial system. It is necessary to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, developstrategic emerging industries, and promote the coordination and development of various industries.2.4 Enhancing Industrial CooperationIndustrial cooperation is an essential factor in building a modern industrial system. It is necessary to strengthen the cooperation between enterprises, promote the development of industrial clusters, and create an advantageous environment for the growth of the industrial system.III. Important Pathways for Building a Modern Industrial System3.1 Implementing Innovation-Driven DevelopmentInnovation-driven development is the core of building a modernindustrial system. It is necessary to deepen the reform of thescientific and technological system, promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and foster new industries.3.2 Promoting Green DevelopmentGreen development is an essential requirement for building a modern industrial system. It is necessary to adhere to the concept of green development, optimize the industrial layout, and promote theconstruction of a green and low-carbon industrial system.3.3 Improving the Level of Opening-upOpening-up is an important strategy for building a modern industrial system. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the foreign economic and trade system, promote the construction of a free trade port, and enhance the international competitiveness of the industrial system.3.4 Strengthening the Training of TalentsTalent is the first resource for building a modern industrial system. It is necessary to strengthen the training of high-quality talents, promote the integration of education, industry, and research, and create a favorable environment for the development of talents.IV. ConclusionBuilding a modern industrial system is a long-term, arduous, and complex task. It requires the joint efforts of the entire society and the continuous exploration and innovation of the development path. Only by adhering to the strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee, focusing on the core tasks, and following the important pathways, can we build a modern industrial system that is highly competitive, sustainable, and adaptable, and lay a solid foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.。
四大发明是一个大发明写英语作文
四大发明是一个大发明写英语作文The Four Great Inventions: A Legacy of Chinese Ingenuity.Throughout human history, technological advancements have played a pivotal role in shaping civilizations and transforming the world. Among the most remarkable innovations, the Four Great Inventions stand as a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of ancient China. These inventions, namely the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing, have had an immeasurable impact on global development and continue to influence society today.The Compass: Guiding Navigation and Exploration.The compass, invented during the Han dynasty (206 BCE 220 CE), revolutionized navigation and exploration. By utilizing the principles of magnetism, this simple yet ingenious device provided sailors and travelers with an accurate and reliable means of determining direction. Itsimpact on global exploration was profound. Arab traders and explorers embraced the compass, facilitating the expansion of trade routes and the discovery of new lands. European explorers, notably Christopher Columbus, relied heavily on the compass during their voyages to the Americas, ushering in an era of exploration and colonization.Gunpowder: Revolutionizing Warfare and Technology.Dating back to the 9th century, gunpowder emerged as a transformative invention in warfare and technological development. Initially used as a propellant for fireworks, its explosive potential was soon recognized. The invention of firearms, such as cannons and guns, revolutionized military strategy and siege warfare. Gunpowder also found applications in mining, construction, and other industries. Its use in rockets laid the foundation for modern space exploration. The discovery of gunpowder in China and its subsequent introduction to Europe had a profound impact on global history, shaping the course of warfare and technological advancement.Papermaking: Preserving Knowledge and Communication.Paper, invented during the Han dynasty around 105 CE, marked a major milestone in the dissemination of knowledge and communication. Prior to its invention, written records were primarily recorded on cumbersome and expensive materials such as bamboo slips and animal skins. The production of paper from plant fibers provided a cost-effective and versatile medium for writing and preserving information. The invention of the printing press in the11th century further enhanced the accessibility and distribution of written works, facilitating the spread of ideas and literacy. Papermaking remains essential in various industries, from printing and writing to packaging and construction.Printing: Mass Communication and the Dissemination of Knowledge.The invention of movable-type printing in the 11th century by Bi Sheng was a transformative development in communication and knowledge dissemination. Prior toprinting, books and other written materials werelaboriously hand-copied, making them scarce and expensive. Gutenberg's development of the printing press in Europe in the 15th century further refined printing technology and paved the way for mass production of printed works. The availability of printed books facilitated the spread of information, contributing to the rise of literacy and the Protestant Reformation. Printing remains a critical technology in modern society, enabling the dissemination of information, education, and entertainment across diverse platforms.Conclusion.The Four Great Inventions of China, the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing, stand as enduring symbols of human ingenuity and technological advancement. These inventions have had a profound and lasting impact on global civilization, shaping navigation, warfare, communication, and knowledge dissemination. Their influence continues to resonate in modern society, inspiring further innovation and progress. As we reflect on the legacy ofthese remarkable achievements, we are reminded of the transformative power of human creativity and the enduring impact of technological advancements on the course of history.。
表演课本剧草船借箭英文作文100字
表演课本剧草船借箭英文作文100字回答例子1:Title: "The Grass Boat Borrowing Arrows: A Performance-Based English Composition"Introduction:In the realm of performance-based learning, staging theatrical adaptations of classic tales offers a unique opportunity for students to immerse themselves in both language and culture. One such renowned tale is "The Grass Boat Borrowing Arrows," a legendary episode from the Chinese historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms." This English composition delves into the creative process, challenges, and educational benefits of adapting this ancient story into a classroom play.The Creative Process:Adapting "The Grass Boat Borrowing Arrows" into a classroom play requires careful consideration of various elements, including plot, character development, dialogue, and stage direction. Collaborative brainstorming sessionsinvolving both students and teachers are essential to ensure a cohesive narrative that stays true to the original story while catering to the capabilities and interests of the performers.Plot Adaptation:The plot revolves around the strategic maneuver of borrowing arrows from the enemy by using straw boats as decoys. This narrative is not only action-packed but also rich in themes of cunning, bravery, and resourcefulness. In the adaptation process, simplifying complex plot points and emphasizing key scenes can help maintain the audience's engagement while ensuring clarity for the performers.Character Development:Characterization plays a pivotal role in bringing the story to life on stage. Each character, from the brilliant strategist Zhuge Liang to the fearless warriors of the Shu army, must be portrayed with depth and authenticity. Through character analysis and rehearsal exercises, students can explore the motivations, relationships, and emotional arcs of their respective roles, enhancing their understanding of both the characters and the language.Dialogue and Language Acquisition:The dialogue in the play serves as a primary vehicle for language acquisition. By incorporating a mix of everyday language and historical vocabulary, students not only improve their English proficiency but also gain insights into the cultural context of the story. Rehearsing lines, practicing pronunciation, and receiving feedback from peers and instructors are integral components of the language learning process within the context of performance.Stage Direction and Production Design:Effective stage direction and production design are essential for creating a visually compelling and cohesive theatrical experience. From blocking movements to designing props and costumes, attention to detail enhances the overall authenticity and immersion of the performance. Encouraging students to contribute their ideas and talents to the production fosters a sense of ownership and pride in the final outcome.Educational Benefits:Beyond linguistic proficiency, staging "The Grass Boat Borrowing Arrows" offers numerous educational benefits for students. Through hands-on participation in all aspects of production, students develop critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. Moreover, by engaging with historical and cultural content in a dynamic and interactive format, students gain a deeper appreciation for literature and world history.Conclusion:In conclusion, adapting "The Grass Boat Borrowing Arrows" into a classroom play provides a multifaceted learning experience that transcends language acquisition. Through creative expression, collaborative teamwork, and cultural immersion, students not only enhance their English language skills but also cultivate a broader understanding of storytelling, history, and the human experience. By harnessing the power of performance, educators can inspire curiosity, creativity, and lifelong learning in their students.回答例子2:Title: Performance of "Borrowing Arrows with Straw Boats" from Chinese Classic LiteratureIn the realm of performing arts, the adaptation of classical literature into theatrical productions holds a unique allure. One such classic tale that has captured the imagination of audiences for centuries is the story of "Borrowing Arrows with Straw Boats" from the Chinese historical text "Romance of the Three Kingdoms." This narrative recounts a strategic maneuver employed by the brilliant military tactician Zhuge Liang during the turbulent era of the Three Kingdoms.Introduction:The performance of "Borrowing Arrows with Straw Boats" combines elements of drama, strategy, and historical context to create a captivating theatrical experience. As a key episode in the larger narrative of the Three Kingdoms, this story offers insights into leadership, cunning tactics, and the dynamics of power struggles.Synopsis:The plot revolves around a critical moment in the conflict between the kingdoms of Shu and Wei. Zhuge Liang, the mastermind behind the Shu forces, faces a formidableopponent in the form of the Wei general Cao Cao. In a daring move to replenish his dwindling arrow supply, Zhuge Liang devises a clever ruse. He orders his men to construct straw boats and sail them towards the enemy camp, pretending to surrender. Unbeknownst to Cao Cao, these seemingly harmless vessels conceal a hidden arsenal of arrows. When the Wei forces attempt to seize the boats, Zhuge Liang's troops unleash a volley of arrows, catching their adversaries off guard and securing a crucial victory.Themes:1. Strategic Brilliance: The performance highlights Zhuge Liang's ingenuity and strategic prowess in devising a plan that outwits his opponents.2. Resourcefulness: By making use of unconventional materials like straw boats, the story underscores the importance of adaptability and creative problem-solving in times of adversity.3. Deception and Perception: The art of deception plays a central role, illustrating how appearances can be deceivingand the significance of understanding one's enemy.Character Portrayal:1. Zhuge Liang: As the central figure, Zhuge Liang is depicted as a wise and resourceful leader whose cunning strategies ultimately lead to victory.2. Cao Cao: The portrayal of Cao Cao emphasizes his arrogance and underestimation of his opponent, which ultimately contributes to his downfall.Dramatic Elements:1. Tension and Suspense: The buildup to the pivotal moment of the straw boat ambush is marked by tension and anticipation, keeping the audience on the edge of their seats.2. Action Sequences: The performance incorporates dynamic action sequences as the soldiers engage in battle, adding excitement and visual spectacle to the production.Cultural Significance:The adaptation of "Borrowing Arrows with Straw Boats"not only entertains but also serves as a cultural touchstone, preserving and celebrating a beloved tale from Chinese literature. Through this performance, audiences gain a deeper appreciation for the rich tapestry of stories that have shaped Chinese history and culture.Conclusion:In conclusion, the performance of "Borrowing Arrows with Straw Boats" offers a compelling exploration of leadership, strategy, and the art of deception. By bringing this timeless tale to life on stage, it invites audiences to reflect on timeless themes while experiencing the thrill of ancient battles and the triumph of the human spirit.。
商务英语常见词汇大汇总——“C”
商务英语常见词汇大汇总——“C”下面是给大家汇总的商务英语常见词汇“C”开头的局部。
categorization 分门别类Caterpillar Tractor 卡特皮勒公司Cathay Airlines 国泰航空公司CBS Records 唱片公司CBS 哥伦比亚播送公司centralization 集中化chameleons/followers 变色龙/跟随者channel alternatives 可选择的营销渠道channel conflicts 渠道冲突channel decisions 渠道决策channel functions 渠道功能channel institutions 渠道组织构造channel management 渠道管理channel objectives 渠道目标cable TV 有线电视Cadillac 凯迪拉克Campbell's Soup 金宝汤业公司capital gains 资本收益capital invested in product 产品投入资本Carnival 嘉年华cash cows 现金牛类cash discounts 现金折扣catalogue sales 目录销售categorization of perception 感知分类channel of distribution 分销渠道channel power 渠道权力channel-control strategies 渠道控制战略channel-design decisions 渠道设计决策channel-management decisions 渠道管理决策channels of munication 传播渠道Charles Snow 查尔斯·斯诺Cherokee 切诺基chevrolet 雪佛莱choice criteria 选择标准Christian Dior 克里斯汀·迪奥(世界著名时装品牌) Chrysler 克莱斯勒Citi Corp 花旗银行closing a sale 完毕销售clothing retailers 服装零售商N 美国有线新闻网co-branding 联合品牌code of ethics (职业)道德标准coercive power 强制权cognitive dissonance 认识的不协调Colgate-Palmolive 高露洁collection of data 数据收集collection 收款co-marketing alliances 联合营销联盟bination pensation plan 结合式薪酬方案Comdex 计算机展销会mercialization 商业化mitment 承诺munication channels 传播渠道munication process 传播过程munication 信息交流/沟通munications media 传播媒体pany personnel 公司员工petitive parity promotion budgeting 竞争均势促销预算法petitive strategy 竞争战略petitive strength 竞争优势/能力petitor analysis 竞争者分析plaint handling 投诉处理ponent materials and parts markets 组成材料和零部件市场puterized ordering 计算机化的订购conclusive research 确定性研究conditions of demand 需求情况conflict and resolution strategies 冲突和解决战略conformance to specifications 与规格一致conformance 一致性confrontation strategy 对抗战略conjoint measurement 联合测度法conjunctive model 联合模型consumer decision-making 消费者(购置)决策consumer goods channels 消费品分销渠道Consumer Goods Pricing Act, USA 美国消费品定价法案consumer goods 消费品consumer markets 消费品市场consumer needs 消费者需求consumer packaged-goods firms 消费者包装食品公司consumer promotion 消费者促销consumer tests 消费者测试consumer/household market 消费者/家庭市场consumers' perceptions 消费者感知consumption 消费contests 竞赛contingency planning 权变方案contract construction 契约建筑业contract manufacturing 契约制造业contraction/strategic withdrawal strategy 收缩/战略性撤退战略contractual entry modes 契约式进入模式corollary-data method 推定数据法corporate HQ 公司总部corporate scope 公司(经营)范围corporate strategy 公司战略corporate vertical marketing systems 公司式垂直营销系统corporate/institutional advertising 团体/社会公共机构广告corrective action 矫正行动cost analysis 本钱分析cost effectiveness 本钱有效性contractual vertical marketing systems 合约式垂直营销系统contribution margin analysis 边际奉献(奉献毛利)分析contributrion margin 边际奉献control strategies 控制战略convenience food stores 便利食品商店convenience goods 便利品convenience 效劳的便利性Cool Whip 清凉维普co-operative advertising 合作性广告co-ordination and conflict resolution 协调与冲突解决co-production 合作生产core benefit proposition (CBP) 核心利益方案/提议cost leadership strategy 本钱领先战略cost of capital 资本本钱cost of goods sold (COGS) 产品销售本钱cost reductions 降低本钱产品cost-and-volume relationship 本钱-数量关系Compaq 康柏parative advertisements 比拟广告parison of brands 品牌比拟pensation deals 补偿处理pensation plan 酬金方案pensation/rewards 酬金/奖励pensatory 补偿性的petition and industry evolution 竞争和行业演变petition-orientated pricing 竞争导向定价法petitive advantage 竞争优势petitive (supply-side) evolution 竞争(供方)演变petitive factors 竞争因素petitive intelligence 竞争情报/信息cost-oriented pricing 本钱导向定价法cost-plus/mark-up pricing 本钱加成/溢价定价法costs and benefits of marketing functions 营销职能的本钱和效益costs of petitors 竞争者本钱costs of distribution 分销本钱countertrade 对等贸易customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度customer need 顾客需要customer organization of sales force 按客户组织销售队伍customer retention 顾客维系/保存customer satisfaction 顾客满意度customer segment pricing 顾客细分市场定价customer service 顾客效劳customer-oriented pricing 顾客导向定价法customers' perception 顾客感知customers' preferences 顾客偏好customers' price sensitivity 顾客的价格敏感度customizing 定制coupons 优惠券courtesy 礼貌coverage of geographic market 地域性市场的范围coverage of relevant retailers 相关零售商的销售范围credibility 信誉credit terms 信贷条款critical assumptions 关键假设cross-elasticity 穿插弹性customary pricing 习惯性定价法customer analysis 顾客分析customer contact 顾客接触customer demand 顾客需求customer intimacy 顾客亲密度。
“双高计划”背景下高职技术技能创新服务平台建设的探索与实践
质”三位一体素质教育体系，促进协同育人平台
与教育教学深度融合。建设车辆电工技能大师工
作室，开展学赛研培一体育人。
2.2.2 共建智能制造与智能检测协同育人平台
Abstract: The construction of technical skills innovation service platform is one of the core tasks of "Double High
Program" construction in higher vocational colleges. It must provide the 5 aspects of services in the aspects of innovation driven development strategy、 the development needs of industry and enterprises、 the "one belt, one road"
技术研发服务，解决企业生产中的实际问题，为轨
道交通安全运维、便捷维护提供支撑。在轨道交通
装备制造技术领域，开展轨道交通减磨耐磨技术、
装备加工制造技术、高铁中央厨房装备技术等领域
的技术创新与成果孵化，为轨道交通装备制造、关
键设备与部件研制提供支持。在轨道交通工程监测
技术领域，对接轨道交通工程监测技术，联合中铁
平台建设是高职提升科技服务能力和促进技术技能
积累、提升教育教学水平的重要手段，《教育部财
政部关于实施中国特色高水平高职学校和专业建设
计划的意见》（教职成 〔2019〕 5 号） 将打造技术
技能创新服务平台作为中国特色高水平高职学校和
施工方案 英文
Construction Plan - Introduction Goals and ObjectivesThe construction plan ms to outline the strategy and approach for effectively and efficiently carrying out the construction project. The key objectives of this plan include:1.Clearly defining the scope, timeline, and budget of the project.2.Ensuring workers’ safety and compliance with relevant regulations and standards.3.Streamlining the construction process to minimize risks and delays.4.Maximizing resource utilization and minimizing waste.5.Achieving high-quality construction outcomes that meet the specified requirements.Project ScopeThe construction project involves [provide a brief description of the project]. The project’s scope includes the following:1.[List the major construction activities and tasks involved]2.[Identify any relevant permits or approvals required]3.[Specify any external dependencies or constrnts, such as weather conditions or avlability of materials]Construction TimelineThe construction timeline is as follows:1.[Provide the start and end dates of each major construction phase]2.[Indicate any milestones or critical paths in the project]3.[Outline any key events or activities, such as inspections or reviews]BudgetThe budget for the construction project is as follows:1.[Break down the budget by major expense categories, such as labor, materials, equipment, and overhead costs]2.[Specify any cost-saving measures or strategies]3.[Include provisions for potential cost contingencies or unforeseen expenses]Safety MeasuresEnsuring workers’ safety is a top priority on the construction site. The following safety measures will be implemented:1.[Describe the safety trning and protocols for workers]2.[Identify the protective equipment required]3.[Detl the safety inspections and audits that will be conducted]4.[Highlight the emergency response plan in case of accidents or incidents]Quality AssuranceMntning high construction quality is paramount to the success of the project. The following quality assurance measures will be implemented:1.[Outline the quality standards and specifications that will be followed]2.[Describe the inspections and tests that will be conducted to ensure compliance]3.[Expln the process for resolving any quality-related issues or deficiencies]Resource ManagementEfficient resource management is critical to optimize costs and ensure smooth project execution. The following resource management strategies will be applied:1.[Expln how manpower will be allocated and coordinated]2.[Describe the procurement and inventory management processes for materials and equipment]3.[Discuss any strategies for minimizing waste and maximizing resource utilization]Communication and Stakeholder ManagementEffective communication and stakeholder management are essential for the success of the construction project. The following strategies will be implemented:1.[Identify the communication channels and tools that will be used]2.[Specify the frequency and format of project updates and progress reports]3.[Outline the strategy for engaging and managing stakeholders, including the client, contractors, and local authorities]ConclusionThis construction plan provides a comprehensive overview of the strategy and approach for executing the construction project. By following this plan, we m to ensure the successful completion of the project within the defined scope, timeline, and budget while prioritizing safety, quality, and efficient resource management.Regular monitoring and evaluation will be conducted to identify and address any deviations from the plan.。
2023新高考一卷专题知识点课件-2024届高三英语二轮复习
位置出现在句首 1.___L_o_o_k_i_n_g___(look) back on the photos,they are some of my best shots even though they could have been much better. 解析：are是主句的谓语动词；look back on做非谓语,look back on 与they为 主动的关系，因此用现在分词 2.__O__ff_e_r_in_g___(offer) Thai fine dining,Nahm provideds the best of Bangkok culinary exeriences. 解析：provides是主句的谓语动词；offer做非谓语offer与Nahm为主动的关系，因 此用现在分词
2023新课标1卷
一.词汇拓展 1.rent (n/v出租，租借/租金)————— rental (adj) 出租的，租借的 2.economy (n)经济，节约—————— economical (adj)经济的，节约的
3.sustain （v）维持，保持——————sustainable (adj) 可持续发展的 4.explore (v) 探索，探险—————— exploration (n)探索，探险 5.strategy (n) 方法，策略,战略———— strategic (adj)战略性的 6.depart (v) 启程，出发，离开———— departure (n)启程，出发，离开 7.wood (n) 木头，木材———————— wooden (adj)木制的 8.nature (n)自然，本性————————natural (adj) 自然的 9.dirt (n)泥土，灰尘——————————dirty (adj)肮脏的