暑假英语补习专题之五

寒假英语补习专题之五十一、状语从句（一）时间状语从句：由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until 引导的从句1）when 与while⎩⎨⎧++“长命”动词“短命”动词while wheneg.1)I’ll tell her the good news _____he comes back.2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV⎩⎨⎧⋯⋯+⋯⋯+为止到“长命”动词的肯定式才直到“短命”动词的否定式::)2until until3)since:自从……以来(since 从句常用一般过去时)注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表示一种状态，用一般现在时eg.1)He has lived there since he came to China2)It is two years since her mother died.（二）条件状语从句：由if (如果)引导的从句eg.I will go to the park if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow.注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换1）祈使句，and (then , or)+简单句= If you … , you …eg.1)Use your head, then you’ll find a way.=If you use your head, you’ll find a way2)Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.2)without 与条件句的转化eg. Man can’t live without water.=Man can’t live if there is no water.注意以上两种状语从句的时态但since 从句例外，应与现在完成时连用。

eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.2)He won’t go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.3)I’ll hel p you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow4)I ___________ (live) here since I came to China.（三）原因状语从句：由because, since , for , as 引导的从句eg. He didn’t go to school because he was ill.注意：1)对because 引导的从句提问用why2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didn’t (C) go to school (D) yesterday. ________（四）结果状语从句：由so… that引导的从句（so后接形、副原级）eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldn’t catch up with (C) him. ________注意：1) ―so… that +否定句‖与―too… to‖的替换eg.1)He is so young that he can’t go to school.= He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同)2)He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him.= He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同)3)The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)2）―so… that +从句‖与―enough to‖的替换eg.1)He’s so strong that he can carry the box.= He’s strong enough to carry the box.2)The question is so easy that I can answer it=The question is easy enough for me to answer练习( )1.We bought gra nny a present, ___ she didn’t like it.A. butB. andC. when( )2.Be quick, ___ you’ll be late for the football match.A. soB. andC. or( )3.You’ve done badly, ___ I can see you did your best. A. or B. but C. so ( )4.That was our first lesson, ___ she didn’t know all our names.A. forB. butC. so( )5.They didn’t pass the ball often enough, ___ they didn’t play together very well.A. andB. yetC. when( )6.It was raining at that time, ___ they couldn’t go out for walk.A. becauseB. orC. so( )7.Mary couldn’t go to school, ___ she was very ill. A. for B. before C. though ( )8.Go straight along the road, ___ you’ll find the hospital at the end of it.A. sinceB. andC. when( )9.Take this medicine , ___ you will yet well soon. A. and B. but C. so( )10.Either she or I ___ him at the airport.A. is to meetB. am to meetC. are to meet( )11.The train hasn’t arrived ____.A. tooB. alsoC. yet( )12.You won’t go there, ___ will I.A. SoB. NeitherC. Also( )13.You can take ___ this book ___ that book, but you can’t take ___ of them.A. either, or ; allB. either , or ; bothC. not only , but also ; both( )14.The students had no water___ food thenA. orB. andC. also( )15.They were ___ weak ___ carry the heavy box.A. neither , norB. both , andC. too , to( )16.The books aren’t yours ___ ours.A. norB. andC. but( )17.Tom saves his money, ___ John spends all he gets.A. whileB. orC. so( )18.Excuse me, ___ can you tell me how to get to the park?A. andB. pleaseC. but( )19.He needs to have a rest, ___ he has worked for a long time .A. andB. butC. for( )20.The policeman was ___ busy ___ holidays with his family.A. very , to spendB. too , to spendC. so , that( )21.Neither Jack nor I ___ to the park.A. is goingB. are goingC. am going( )22.His grandfather has never been to school so he could ___ read ___ write.A. neither , norB. either , orC. both , and( )23.Johm ___ until Mike ___ sorry to him.A. let him in , saidB. didn’t let him in , saidC. didn’t let him in , says( )24.I’m sure Li Ping is ___ in the cla ssroom ___ in the library.A. either , orB. both , andC. neither , or( )25.Don’t open the door ___ the bus ___.A. until , stopsB. and , stopsC. until , stop( )26.Both his father and his mother ___ to Beijing.A. has beenB. have beenC. has gone( )27.We’ll have a sports meeting if it ____ rain tomorrow.A. won’tB. isn’tC. don’tD. doesn’t( )28.I’ll let you know as soon as he ____.A. comes backB. will come backC. is coming backD. come back( )29.I’m ___ busy getting rea dy for Christmas ____ I have no time to write to you.A. not, untilB. too, toC. so, thatD. neither, nor( )30.This TV set is too dear, ____ it gives you a better picture.A. orB. ifC. thoughD. and( )31.Could you ask Tom to ring me up if you ____ him tomorrow.A. metB. meetC. will meetD. have met( )32.While she ___ TV in the sitting room, the bell ____.A. watches, ringsB. is watching, rangC. was watchingD. watched, was ringing( )33.Mary will go ____ after she ____ her homework.A. shops, finishB. shopping, finishesC. to shop, finishingD. shopping, finish( )34.He is listening to the music ____ he is washing clothes.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. while( )35.Tell Mr. Wang to go to Mr. Li’s office, when you ____ him.A. sawB. will seeC. are seeingD. see( )36.They ____ until the meeting was over.A. leftB. not leaveC. don’t leaveD. didn’t leave( )37.The children sat at the table until the guests ____.A. leaveB. are leavingC. leftD. had left( )38.The film ____ for half an hour when I got to the cinema.A. has begunB. had been onC. begunD. begins( )39.She ____ until late into the night.A. waitedB. cameC. wentD. started( )40.He began to do his homework _____ he turned on the light.A. beforeB. sinceC. tillD. after( )41.He didn’t go to swim yesterday___ he was ill.A. whenB. ifC. becauseD. and because( )42.Li Ping gives me more help than Wang Lin ____ .A. isB. hasC. doesD. gives( )43.Please keep the box for me ____ I come back tonight.A. whenB. asC. toD. until( )44.I bought an umbrella ____ the weather was fine.A. ifB. althoughC. becauseD. as( )45.We got to the cinema ___ late ___ there were no seats left.A. too, toB. much, toC. very, thatD. so, that( )46.It ___ five years ___ I left the army.A. is , sinceB. was , sinceC. has been, whenD. is , when( )47.Though it was raining hard, ___ was still waiting for her son in the rain.A. but sheB. and sheC. sheD. so she( )48.I have known him ___ I was a child.A. becauseB. sinceC. whenD. before( )49.Jim had finished his homework ____ his mother came back.A. afterB. beforeC. whileD. then十二、宾语从句：充当宾语的句子对宾语从句应注意以下三要素：1. 引导词2. 语序3. 时态1. 引导词1)that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省)eg. He says (that) the boy is a lilltle weak in Chinese.2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从eg. ①.Do you know who will give us a talk?②.I don’t know whose book that is.③.Could you please tell which gate we have to go to?④.I wonder when he will come back.注意：此类宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同时，可替换为―疑问词 + to do‖ eg. ①.I haven’t decided where I will go=I haven’t decided where to go②.He asked me what I bought= He asked me what to buy.类似短语：how to do _____what to say_____what to do _____where to go____3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从eg. ①.―Do you like this book?‖ she asked me.=She asked me ___ I liked this book.②.―Have you visited the Great Wall?‖ Could you tell me?=Could you tell me _____ you have visited the Great Wall?注意以下几点：ⅰ.区别if 当作―是否‖，还是―如果‖eg. I don’t know if he ______ (come)if it ______(rain) tomorrow.ⅱ.用whether 不用if 的几种情况1)后接不定式eg. I can’t decide whether to go to Beijing.2)与or / or not 连用eg. I want to know whether you will go to the park or not.3)在句首时eg. Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.4)whether 还可以引导让步状语从句，意为―不管，无论‖eg. Whether it rains or not, we are going to the park tomorrow.2.语序：宾从用陈述句语序eg. 1)I don’t (A) know whether (B) will he (C) come (D) tomorrow. _____________2)He asks (A) me when (B) will you (C) come back (D). _____________3)Could you tell (A) how many players (B) are there (C) in (D) a football team? ________⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧...)()1.tomorrow come will she days five for ill been has she day every school to goes she that says She eg ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧...)()2day next the come would she days five for ill been had she day every school to went she that said She 但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。