Evaluation of Soil Fertility Under Different Cupressus chengiana Forests Using Multivariate Appr
黄淮海平原农区农用地土壤肥力评价及时空变化特征——以山东省博兴县为例
Spatiotemporal characteristics of soil nutrients and fertility evaluation of agricultural land in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain agricultural area :A case study of Boxing County,Shandong ProvinceLI Yinghui 1,JIANG Xiaosan 1,2*(1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;2.Taizhou Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University,Taizhou 225311,China )Abstract :In modern agricultural production,with changes in land use patterns,fertilization patterns,and management measures,soil fertility has significantly changed.Affected by factors such as soil type,topography,climate,and organisms,soil fertility conditions are also quite different.Therefore,studying the changes in arable land soil fertility in recent years,as well as identifying the affecting factors of soilfertility could provide a basis for precise soil fertilization and fine soil management.In this study,we selected the soil fertility data ofBoxing County,Shandong Province in 2007and 2020,used geostatistics and index sum methods to comprehensively evaluate soil fertility,and explored the distribution characteristics of soil fertility in time and space.The results showed that,compared with 2007,the organic matter and the available potassium contents of the soil in Boxing County increased in 2020from 15.13g·kg -1to 17.48g·kg -1and from 164.73mg·kg -1to 242.80mg·kg -1,respectively.Moreover,the content of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased from 103.20mg·kg -1to 84.73mg·kg -1and from 39.07mg·kg -1to 24.99mg·kg -1,respectively.Finally,the soil pH value increased from7.79to 8.28.The soil fertility level in the area proportion of Grade Ⅰ,Grade Ⅲ,and Grade Ⅴlands decreased by 13.62,4.14,and 0.99percentage point respectively.The area proportion of Grade Ⅱland increased by 17.78percentage point,and the area of Grade Ⅳland remained basically unchanged.In conclusion,the changes of soil fertility in Boxing County from 2007to 2020have been affected bysoil types and human activity.In agricultural production,effective fertilization methods and management model should be adopted based on the reference soil background value to improve soil fertility.Keywords :soil fertility;spatiotemporal change;agricultural land;soil fertility evaluation黄淮海平原农区农用地土壤肥力评价及时空变化特征——以山东省博兴县为例李颖慧1,姜小三1,2*(1.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095;2.南京农业大学泰州研究院,江苏泰州225311)收稿日期:2021-02-17录用日期:2021-04-19作者简介:李颖慧(1994—),女,河南信阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究土壤质量评价。
碳基土壤调理剂对云南热区植烟土壤培肥及烤烟产质量效果研究
西"农业学&2021年34卷1期100Southwest China Journal of Ag/cuOuml Sciences Vol.34No.1文章编号:1001-4829(2021)1-0100-06DOI:10.16213/ki.scjas.2021.1.015碳基土壤调理剂对云南热区植烟土壤培肥及烤烟产质量效果研究闫辉1,宋鹏飞2,李枝武t倪明1,付斌1,王炽1,赵新梅1,陈拾华1,陈兴位1*,李志勇1(1•云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205;2-云南中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,云南昆明650231)摘要:【目的】有机培肥是改善土壤质量和提高作物养分利用效率的有效措施,本研究为筛选适合云南热区紫色土培肥的碳基调理剂。
【方法】设置田间试验研究不同生物质碳基调理剂对热区土壤养分特征,烤烟生物量、烤烟吸氮量、烤烟农艺性状及产质量的影响。
【结果】施用碳基土壤调理剂能有效补充土壤有机质,保持较高土壤氮素供应水平,促进烤烟对氮的吸收效率,增加生物量累积$T1调理剂比常规处理提高上等烟比例8.64%、烟叶产量6.24%$【结论】综合土壤肥力和烟叶产质量,配施低碳氮比的T1碳基土壤调理剂对热区紫色土的改良效果最佳$关键词:碳基土壤调理剂;热区;土壤培肥中图分类号:S572文献标识码:AEffects of Cadon-based Sod Conditioners Application on Sod Fertilityand Tobacco Yield and Quality id Tropical Area of Yunnan ProvinceYAN Hui1%SONG Peng庚i2%LI乙心二小%NI Ming1,/U Bin1%WANG Chi1%ZHAO Xin-mei1%CHEN Shi-hua1%CHEN Xing-wei1*%LI乙小甲-/(1.Ag/cultural Resources&Environment InstiOW,Yunnan Academy of Ag/culturai Sciences,Yunnan Kunming650205,China;2-Research and Development Center,China Tobacco Yunnan IndusOial Co.,Ltd-,Yunnan Kunming650231,China)Abstract:【Objective]Applying oryanic material to the soil is the principal way to increase soil fertility-Four kinds of carbon-based soil conditioners were chosen to study the eVects of purple soil feOilization in the Oopical area of Yunnan province.【Method]The field experiments weeeca e i ed outtoineestigatethee e e ctsoesoienuteientchaeacteeisticsin teopicaeaeeaon ceopsbioma s,niteogen uptake,ageonomicchaeac-tea,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco-【Results] Carbon-based soil conditionea could supplement the content of soil oryanic matter, maintain ahigh eeeeeoesoieniteogen suppey,peomotetheniteogen absoeption e e i ciencyoeeeue-cueed tobaccoand inceeasebioma s paeed with coneentionaeteeatment,T1inceeased thepeopoetion oetopped tobacco by8.64%and theyieed o etobacco eea eby6.24 %-【Conclusion]Comprehensive soil feOility,tobacco yield and quality,combined with a low carbon-nitrogen ratio,T1carbon-based soil conditioneehad thebestimpeoeemente e e cton puepeesoiein hotaeeas.Key words:Carbon-based soil conditioner;Tropical area;Soi l feOilization【研究意义]云南省地处中国西南边陲,处于热带至亚热带的过渡带,热区零星分布于15个州/市,面积近8万km2,占全省总面积的20%[1]&受纬度地带性、海拔地带性和河谷非地带性的交互影响[2],云南热区分为干热河谷区和湿热雨林区。
区域土壤重金属空间分布驱动因子影响力比较案例分析
CHEN Yunweiꎬ WANG Wenjieꎬ SHI Huadingꎬ WANG Minghaoꎬ XU Chao∗
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100012ꎬ China
Abstract: The spatial distribution of soil heavy metals is influenced by natural and human driving factors. Identifying and evaluating the influence of these factors is of great significance for identifying the sourcesꎬ migration and spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals in soil. To research the effects of various driving factors on the spatial distribution of heavy metal in soil under different background of natural and human activitiesꎬ and to find the high ̄impact factors under heterogeneous backgroundsꎬ Anshun City and Huludao Cityꎬ which are respectively characterized with high background value of heavy metals and high intensity of human activityꎬ were chosen as the study area. The driving factors including pHꎬ annual ground temperatureꎬ annual ground precipitation (08:00) ꎬ elevationꎬ slopeꎬ night ̄time light index and GDP were taken into account. Methods including geodetector and random forests were adopted to analyze the individual and interactive effects of the driving factors on the spatial distribution of Asꎬ Cdꎬ Crꎬ Hg and Pb in the typical regions. Results showed that the mean concentration of each heavy metal in Anshun City was higher than Huludao Cityꎬ but the distinction of Pb concentration was not significant. In the average sampling density of 10 kmꎬ the influence of natural driving factors was stronger than human factors in the typical regions. Soil pHꎬ elevation and GDP were the strongest driving factors that greatly affected the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil among the referred 7 factors. Meanwhileꎬ they were relatively stable in the heterogeneous backgroundsꎬ and were suitable to be used as the general parameters in the multiple nonlinear regression model for calculating heavy metal concentrations in soils in the study area. The evaluation method which based on geodetector can be used to evaluate the influence of other factors on the spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in soil. Moreoverꎬ it is useful to select the independent variables in the regression equations to predict heavy metal concentrations. Keywords: soil contaminationꎻ heavy metalsꎻ driving factorꎻ geodetectorꎻ random forests model
土壤肥力评价方法探讨_刘洪鹄
二级分类
土壤结构 、水 、热 、 通气性和机械阻力
大量元素 中量元素 微量元素
三级分类 颗粒组成 、孔隙度、容重 、团聚体数量和稳定性 、机械强度 、土层厚 度 、渗透率 、田间持水量 、土壤持水特性 、土温变幅 、土壤氧扩散率 N , P, K Ca, Mg , S Mn , B, Cu , Zn , Fe, Mo
Warkentin 和 Fletcher(1977)建议定义土壤质量的 等 , 2006)。如果能反映出土壤肥力 , 选择的指标越
概念 。土壤质量(soil quality)是土壤支撑粮食生产所 少越好 。 最小数据库中的指标必须满足下列条件 :
需的肥力高低 ;也是容纳 、吸收 、降解和自净环境污染 物质能力的强弱 , 以及促进人与动植物健康能力大小
评价土壤肥力需要确定土壤指标与土壤功能的
物质来看 , 土壤主要供给作物氮 、磷 、钾 、硫 、铁 、镁等 11 种营养物质 。土壤环境的好坏会直接关系到作物 吸收养分 、水分的通量 。中国土壤种类众多 , 为了能 够正确反映各土类的肥力大小 , 须选择合适的土壤肥 力评价方法 。 本文总结国内外本方面的研究 , 提供评 价土壤肥力的流程与方法 , 可为其它研究者在研究土 壤肥力提供一定的帮助 。
关系 。Do ran 和 Parkin (1994)列出了土壤指标与土 壤功能之间的关系(表 1), 不同的土壤指标可反应 不同的土壤功能 。通过一系列的土壤指标体系 , 从 不同角度评价不同的土壤功能 。 影响土壤质量的因 素很多 , 除了土壤过程以外 , 还包括耕作措施 、种植 制度 、流域管理政策(如开垦荒地 、城镇化)和区域差 异等 。 土壤质量评价是当代研究的热点和难点问题 之一 。
①反映支持根系生长的能力 ;②反映向作物输送水 分和空气的能力 ;③反映向作物生长提供养分的能
我国耕地地力评价研究进展
我国耕地地力评价研究进展一、本文概述Overview of this article随着我国农业生产的快速发展和耕地资源的日益紧张,耕地地力评价研究逐渐成为农业科学研究的重要领域。
耕地地力评价是对耕地质量状况进行科学评估的过程,旨在明确耕地资源的优劣、生产潜力和可持续利用性,为农业生产和土地管理提供决策支持。
本文旨在综述我国耕地地力评价研究的进展,分析现有研究成果和存在的问题,以期为我国耕地资源的科学管理和可持续利用提供参考。
With the rapid development of agricultural production and the increasing scarcity of arable land resources in our country, the evaluation of arable land fertility has gradually become an important field of agricultural scientific research. The evaluation of cultivated land fertility is a scientific process of evaluating the quality of cultivated land, aiming to clarify the advantages and disadvantages, production potential, and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources, and provide decision-making support for agricultural productionand land management. This article aims to review the progress of research on land fertility evaluation in China, analyze existing research achievements and problems, and provide reference for the scientific management and sustainable utilization of arable land resources in China.文章将首先回顾我国耕地地力评价研究的发展历程,梳理国内外相关研究成果和进展。
稀土矿迹地周边农田土壤重金属生态风险评价
数法评价该区域重金背景值 2.12 倍、1.47 倍,Pb 的
土壤样品中有 64% 超过重金属风险筛选值。由单因子污染指数可知,Pb 属中等污染,Cd 属轻污染,Hg 属警戒线污染,
Cu、Cr、As 属安全等级 ;由内梅罗综合污染指数可知,土壤整体属于轻度污染水平。通过 Hakanson 潜在生态风险评价
冶炼是农田土壤重金属的一个重要来源,采矿过程中带来的 “三废”会通过多种途径进入农田造成土壤重金属污染 [4]。湛 天丽等 [5] 对贵州万山汞矿区某农田重金属的污染特征进行
研究,发现该区农田土壤重金属重度污染,生态风险强,Hg 是污染主要来源。
稀土矿在采集过程中因开采工艺及管理落后会产生更 多生态环境污染问题 [6]。比如原地浸矿后堆放的尾砂易通过 雨水冲刷和阳光曝晒等自然作用使重金属释放到周边土壤 中 [7]。
离子型稀土矿开采过程中会产生大量酸性工艺废水,这 些废水流入水体中也会严重影响水环境。张塞等 [8] 对赣南某 稀土矿区周边农田进行采样分析,可知 Cd、Pb 地累积程度 及生态风险水平较高,分别是江西省土壤背景值的 1.72 倍 和 2.14 倍。广东省英德市拥有丰富的稀土资源,近年来稀土 开采引发的环境问题引起了社会广泛关注。目前关于英德稀 土矿迹周边农田金属污染、人体暴露于土壤重金属的生态健 康风险等方面的相关研究尚未发现。本研究选取了稀土矿迹 地周边的英德白沙镇门洞村农田土壤为研究对象,通过野外 调查与实验,对农田土壤重金属污染状况进行评价,以期为
根据白沙镇稀土开采及农田分布的实际情况,于 2019 年 7 月围绕白沙镇稀土矿点附近的农田进行采样。本次采样 共 15 个样地,每个样地采样 3 层,最终 15 个样地共获取 45 个土样。
采样按《土壤环境检测技术规范》(HJ/T166-2004)使 用剖面、钻孔、探槽三种方式进行取样。每个样地的采样深 度为 0~30cm、30cm~60cm 和 60cm~100cm。送去实验室 时分别对三层土壤的重金属含量进行测算,但最终分析使用 三层土壤的重金属平均值进行分析。 1.3 评价方法 1.3.1 污染指数评价法
基于土壤重金属污染因素的耕地质量评价修正——以深圳市为例
生态系统、维护人体健康所制订的土壤中污染物在一 定的时间和空间范围内容许含量值,根据《土壤环境 质量标准》(GB 15618—1995),农用地土壤环境质 量评价标准值见表1[15]。
单项指标污染等级划分为清洁、轻度污染、中度 污染和重度污染四级,具体划分方法见表2。
的。因此把耕地土壤重金属污染状况加入到耕地质 1.1.2 内梅罗综合污染指数
收稿日期:2018-02-26;修回日期:2018-03-12 ▲ 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“新媒体语境下的地图范式设计与参与式制图方法”(41571438) ▲ 作者简介:林勇军(1985—),男,江西省永新县人,深圳市规划国土发展研究中心高级工程师,理学硕士,研究方向:土地资源管理和地理信 息系统。
LIN Yongjun, LUO Ganghui, QIAN Jing (Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Resource Research Center, Shenzhen Guangdong 518034, China)
Abstract: On the basis of the evaluation system of farmland classification regulations, we considered comprehensively soil heavy metal pollution factors to set the modification subsection model of cultivated land quality according to the degree of farmland soil pollution. So, the degree of pollution is different and the revision range is different. We revised the existing evaluation results of cultivated land quality through detection and analysis of soil heavy metal pollution of 16 cultivated land sampling points within Shenzhen. Our research has achieved a better expected effect. Key words: cultivated land quality; soil heavy metal pollution; quality evaluation; modification; Shenzhen
长期施用磷肥和污泥对土壤剖面重金属积累和小麦吸收重金属的影响
单位代码:10019 学 号:S13020284
长
期
施
用
磷
肥 和
硕士学位论文
污
泥
对 土
长期施用磷肥和污泥对土壤剖面重金属积累
壤 剖
和小麦吸收重金属的影响
面
重
金
The effect of heavy metals accumulation in soil profiles and
属
积
2. The concentration of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb in 0~15cm soil profile increased significantly under four years sludge application, and the concentration of Cu and Zn in other soil profiles also increased significantly after high quantity of sludge application. In addition, the concentration of Cu and Zn in four soil profiles also increased gradually with the prolongation of time. The concentration of Zn in 0~15cm soil profile was higher than Standard of soil environment quanlity after high quantity sludge application.Though computing and analyzing, after four years sludge application the ratio of accumulation to input of Cu in 0~15cm, 15~30cm, and 30~60cm soil profiles are 61.9%~75.3%, 8.96%~22.0%, and 31.3%~41.6% respectively; the ratio of accumulation to input of Zn in 0~15cm, 15~30cm, and 30~60cm soil profiles are 77.3%~85.9%, 11.4%~22.8%, and -0.886%~12.1% respectively. The concentration of Cd in 0~15cm soil profile increased after four-year phosphate fertilizer, but there was no significantly change about concentration of Cu, Zn, Cr, As, and Pb in different soil profiles. 3. The concentration of DTPA-extractable Cu, Zn in 0~15cm soil profile and Cu in 15~30cm soil profile increased significantly under four years sludge application, and the concentration of DTPA-extractable Zn in 15~30cm and 30~60cm soil profiles also increasd after high quantity of sludge application. Though computing and analyzing, after four years sludge application the extraction rate of DTPA-extractable Cu in 0~15cm and 15~30cm soil profiles were 10.8%~15.4%, 7.60%~8.24% respectively , and the extraction rate of DTPA-extractable Zn in 0~15cm, 15~30cm, and 30~60cm soil
土壤中总磷测定的不确定度评定
土壤中总磷测定的不确定度评定作者:郭晶晶王岚云来源:《现代农业科技》2015年第20期摘要对土壤总磷测定的不确定度进行了研究,探讨了评定方法,建立了数学模型,明确了测量不确定度的来源(主要由绘制标准曲线系列、样品测定重复性、液体转移、仪器等方面引入),得出了土壤总磷含量的标准不确定度和扩展不确定度,应采取相应措施(如选择精度高的量器,提高仪器灵敏度,增加样品测定次数等),尽可能降低测量不确定度,保证数据的可靠性。
关键词土壤;总磷;不确定度评定中图分类号 S151.9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2015)20-0155-02Evaluation of Uncertainty in Soil-Determination of Total PhosphorusGUO Jing-jing WANG Lan-yun(Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Center,Tianjin 300191)Abstract This paper studied the evaluation of uncertainty in soil-determination of total phosphorus and assessment methods,established the mathematical model. The sources of measurement uncertainty(mainly includes drawing standard curve,the repeatability of determination,liquid transfer,instrument,etc.)were cleared.The standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty of soil total phosphorus content were concluded.corresponding measures should be taken(such as selecting high precision metering devicing,improving the sensitivity,increasing the number of determination,etc.),as far as possible to reduce the uncertainty and ensure the reliability of the data.Key words soil;total phosphorus;uncertainty evaluation测量不确定度是与测量结果关联的一个参数,用于表征合理赋予被测值的分散性[1]。
土壤肥力评价英语
土壤肥力评价英语Soil fertility is a critical component of agricultural productivity. It refers to the ability of soil to provide essential nutrients to plants in adequate amounts and proportions for their growth and development. The evaluation of soil fertility involves assessing various physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil that contribute to its overall health and productivity.Physical Properties:。
The physical properties of soil, such as texture, structure, and porosity, influence its fertility. Soil texture, determined by the proportion of sand, silt, and clay, affects water retention and air circulation. A well-structured soil with good porosity allows for proper root growth and microbial activity, which are vital for plant nutrition.Chemical Properties:。
Chemical analysis of soil includes measuring pH levels, electrical conductivity, and the concentration of macro and micronutrients. The pH level of soil affects nutrient availability, with most nutrients being readily available in slightly acidic to neutral soils. Electrical conductivity provides an estimate of the soil's salinity, which can impact plant growth. Essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with micronutrients such as iron, manganese, and zinc, must be present in optimal quantities for plants to thrive.Biological Properties:。
不同容重梯度下不同改良材料对土壤结构特性的影响
Hans Journal of Soil Science 土壤科学, 2023, 11(4), 211-215Published Online October 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/hjsshttps:///10.12677/hjss.2023.114025不同容重梯度下不同改良材料对土壤结构特性的影响张静1,2,3,4*,孙增慧1,2,3,41陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,陕西西安2陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司,陕西西安3自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室,陕西西安4陕西省土地整治工程技术研究中心,陕西西安收稿日期:2023年9月16日;录用日期:2023年10月17日;发布日期:2023年10月24日摘要针对关中地区土壤过于紧实、犁底层增厚上移、土壤团聚体数量减少、结构稳定性变差等生态环境问题,采用野外实地监测、室内模拟实验相结合的方法,分析1.0、1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5六个不同容重水平下草木灰、有机肥、生物炭添加对土壤结构改良情况。
结果表明:随容重逐渐增加,土壤紧实度、压实密度呈增加趋势,土壤孔隙度呈降低趋势,土壤含水量在土壤容重为1.1时变为下降趋势,到容重1.4时转为上升趋势,土壤容重为1.2和1.3时,作物株高较高;在容重不同梯度下,草木灰对作物株高影响最大,生物炭对土壤压实密度、含水量影响最大,有机肥对土壤孔隙度影响最大。
在关中地区土壤紧实化治理中,若该区水分供应充足则添加草木灰的土壤环境对植物生长发育更有利,若该区水分为主要限制因子,则添加生物炭是土壤结构改良的最佳措施。
关键词改良材料,容重,土壤结构Effects of Different Improved Materials onSoil Structural Characteristics underDifferent Unit Weight GradientsJing Zhang1,2,3,4*, Zenghui Sun1,2,3,41Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an Shaanxi2Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an Shaanxi*通讯作者。
基于GIS_的宜章县耕地质量等级评价
引用格式:文 雯,罗林涛,杜金花,等. 基于GIS的宜章县耕地质量等级评价[J]. 湖南农业科学,2023(8):76-83. DOI:DOI:10.16498/ki.hnnykx.2023.008.016耕地是人类赖以生存的基本要素,在人类的生产生活中扮演着不可缺少的角色[1-2]。
耕地的质量直接影响农作物的产质量,也关系着国家粮食安全问题[3]。
我国人口众多,人均土地少,人均耕地更少,且耕地后备资源严重不足,这是我国土地资源的基本国情[4]。
耕地质量等级调查与评价是国土调查的重要组成部分,是农业农村部统一部署耕地的必然要求[5-6]。
近年来,众多学者对耕地质量评价标准进行了积极有益的探索。
奉婷等[7]在耕地自然质量、利用条件、空间形态与生态安全4个方面选取相关指标,根据最大相似性原理划分地块,分析了北京平谷区耕地质量状况;卫新东等[8]利用分区组合法和分层抽样法布设监控点,从省域上建立了陕西省耕地质量监测样点体系;何新莹等[9]应用指标权重确定(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria基于GIS的宜章县耕地质量等级评价文 雯1,罗林涛1,2,杜金花1,谢大声3,凌宏辉3,刘云华1(1. 长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安 710054;2. 陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,陕西西安 710082;3. 桃源县自然资源局,湖南常德 415700)摘 要:以宜章县为研究区域,从立地条件、理化性状、养分状况、农田管理、生态环境这5个方面中选取15个评价指标,基于GIS建立合适的耕地质量评价模型和评价体系,运用层次分析法和特尔斐法确定评价区域耕地质量等级。
结果表明:宜章县的29 528.11 hm2耕地可分为3大类共10个等级,高、中、低产耕地占比分别为31.16%、43.58%和25.26%;15个耕地评价因子中,隶属度均值小于0.7的是有效磷和灌溉能力2个因子,隶属度均值在0.7~0.8之间的有速效钾和地形部位2个因子,清洁程度、有机质、障碍因素、有效土层厚度、土壤容重、农田林网化程度6个因子的隶属度均值在0.9以上,生物多样性、排水能力、质地构型、耕层质地和pH值5个因子隶属度均值在0.8~0.9之间。
施肥处理对稀土尾矿王草农艺性状、产量及品质的影响
第31卷 第10期V o l .31 No .10草 地 学 报A C T A A G R E S T I A S I N I C A2023年 10月O c t . 2023d o i :10.11733/j.i s s n .1007-0435.2023.10.031引用格式:欧 翔,雷小文,陈荣强,等.施肥处理对稀土尾矿王草农艺性状㊁产量及品质的影响[J ].草地学报,2023,31(10):3185-3193O U X i a n g ,L E IX i a o -w e n ,C H E N R o n g -q i a n g ,e t a l .E f f e c t s o fF e r t i l i z a t i o nT r e a t m e n t s o nA gr o n o m i cT r a i t s ,Y i e l d a n dQ u a l i t y o fK i n g G r a s s i nR a r eE a r t hT a i l i n g s [J ].A c t aA gr e s t i aS i n i c a ,2023,31(10):3185-3193施肥处理对稀土尾矿王草农艺性状㊁产量及品质的影响欧 翔1,雷小文1*,陈荣强1,邱静芸1,张 强1,欧阳克蕙2,刘 峥1,徐树明3,李建明4(1.赣州市畜牧水产研究所,江西赣州341401;2.江西农业大学动物科学技术学院,江西南昌330045;3.定南县农业农村局,江西定南341900;4.定南县鼎瑞牧业有限公司,江西定南341909)收稿日期:2023-04-03;修回日期:2023-06-14基金项目:中央引导地方科技发展项目(20221Z D F 03017);江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(J X A R S -13-赣中南片);赣州市重点研发计划(2022B -S F 9700)资助作者简介:欧翔(1993-),男,汉族,江西赣州人,硕士,助理畜牧师,主要从事饲草生产与利用研究,E -m a i l :o u x i a n g9393@126.c o m ;*通信作者A u t h o r f o r c o r r e s p o n d e n c e ,E -m a i l :343224896@q q.c o m 摘要:为探究稀土尾矿种植王草的最佳施肥处理,设置C K (化肥)㊁Z (沼液)㊁N (腐熟牛粪)㊁N+Z (腐熟牛粪+沼液)㊁Q (蚯蚓粪)㊁Q+Z (蚯蚓粪+沼液)6种施肥处理进行田间等氮量施肥试验,分析连续三年各处理对王草农艺性状㊁产量及品质的影响,并用模糊数学隶属函数法进行饲用价值综合评价㊂结果表明:Q+Z 处理组株高㊁分蘖数㊁茎粗㊁叶片数㊁单株重㊁产量㊁粗蛋白㊁粗脂肪均最高并呈逐年上升趋势,第三年分别较C K 组提升了97.52%,545.81%,43.79%,654.95%,421.13%,741.00%,226.28%,39.51%,粗纤维㊁粗灰分含量最低,第三年较C K 组降低了23.32%,54.81%,同时Q +Z 组王草中重金属镉㊁砷㊁铅㊁铬含量均最低,第三年较C K 组分别降低了82.93%,88.10%,59.44%,59.27%,饲用价值综合评价表现为蚯蚓粪组优于腐熟牛粪组,沼液配施组优于单一施肥组,排序依次为Q+Z >Q>N+Z >N>C K>Z ㊂综上所述,稀土尾矿区种植王草较优施肥处理为蚯蚓粪+沼液㊂关键词:王草;稀土尾矿;施肥;产量;品质中图分类号:S 543+.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1007-0435(2023)10-3185-09E f f e c t s o fF e r t i l i z a t i o nT r e a t m e n t s o nA gr o n o m i cT r a i t s ,Y i e l da n d Q u a l i t y o fK i n g G r a s s i nR a r eE a r t hT a i l i n gs O U X i a n g 1,L E IX i a o -w e n 1*,C H E N R o n g -q i a n g 1,Q I UJ i n g -y u n 1,Z H A N G Q i a n g 1,O U Y A N G K e -h u i 2,L I Uz h e n g 1,X US h u -m i n g 3,L I J i a n -m i n g4(1.G a n z h o uA n i m a lH u s b a n d r y a n dF i s h e r i e sR e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e ,G a n z h o u ,J i a n g x i P r o v i n c e 341401,C h i n a ;2.C o l l e ge o fA n i m a l S c i e n c e a n dT e c h n o l o g y ,J i a n g x iA g r i c u l t u r a lU n i v e r s i t y ,N a n c h a n g ,J i a n g x i P r o v i n c e 330045,C h i n a ;3.B u r e a uo fA gr i c u l t u r a l a n d R u r a lA f f a i r s o fD i n g n a nC o u n t y ,D i n g n a n ,J i a n g x i P r o v i n c e 341900,C h i n a ;4.D i n g n a nD i n g r u i a n i m a l h u s b a n d r y C o .,L t d ,D i n gn a n ,J i a n gx i P r o v i n c e 341909,C h i n a )A b s t r a c t :I no r d e r t o e x p l o r e t h eb e s t f e r t i l i z a t i o n t r e a t m e n t f o r p l a n t i n g k i n ggr a s s (P e n n i s e t u ms i n e s e )i n r a r e e a r t h t a i l i n g s ,s i xf e r t i l i z a t i o nt r e a t m e n t so fC K (c h e m i c a l f e r t i l i z e r ),Z (b i o g a ss l u r r y ),N (d e c o m -p o s e d c o wd u n g ),N+Z (d e c o m p o s e dc o wd u n g +b i o g a ss l u r r y ),Q (e a r t h w o r mc a s t )a n dQ+Z (e a r t h -w o r mc a s t +b i o g a s s l u r r y )w e r e s e t u p t o a p p l y a n e q u a l n i t r o ge nf e r t i l i z a t i o n t e s t i n t h e f i e l d .T h e e f f e c t s o f e a c h t r e a t m e n t o n t h eag r o n o m i c t r a i t s ,y i e l da n d q u a l i t y o fk i n ggr a s s i nt h r e ec o n s e c u t i v e y e a r sw e r e a n a l y z e d ,a n d t h e f e e d i n g v a l u ew a s c o m p r e h e n s i v e l y e v a l u a t e db y f u z z y m a t h e m a t i c sm e m b e r s h i p fu n c t i o n m e t h o d .T h er e s u l t ss h o w e dt h a tt h e p l a n th e i g h t ,t i l l e rn u m b e r ,s t e m t h i c k ,n u m b e ro fl e a v e s ,pl a n t w e i g h t ,y i e l d ,c r u d e p r o t e i na n d c r u d e f a t o fQ+Z t r e a t m e n t g r o u p w e r e t h eh i g h e s t a n d i n c r e a s e d y e a rb yy e a r .I n t h e t h i r d y e a r ,t h e y we r e97.52%,545.81%,43.79%,654.95%,421.13%,741.00%,226.28%a n d 39.51%h i g h e r t h a n t h o s e o fC K g r o u p ,r e s p e c t i v e l y.T h e c o n t e n t s o f c r u d e f i b e r a n dc r u d e a s hw e r e t h e l o w e s t ,w h i c hw e r e 23.32%a n d54.81%l o w e r t h a nt h o s eo fC K g r o u p int h a t y e a r .M e a n w h i l e ,t h e Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.草地学报第31卷c o n t e n t s o fh e a v y m e t a l so fc ad m i u m,a r se n i c,l e a da n dc h r o m i u mi n Q+Z g r o u p w e r et h el o w e s t,b y82.93%,88.10%,59.44%a n d59.27%r e s p e c t i v e l y l e s s t h a n t h o s e i nC K g r o u p.T h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e e v a l-u a t i o no f f e e d i n g v a l u es h o w e dt h a t t h ea p p l i c a t i o no f e a r t h w o r mc a s t g r o u p w a sb e t t e r t h a nt h ed e c o m-p o s e d c o wd u n gg r o u p,a n d t h eb i o g a s s l u r r y c o m b i n e d a p p l i c a t i o n g r o u p sw a s b e t t e r t h a n t h e s i n g l e a p p l i c a t i o n o f b i o g a s s l u r r y g r o u p.T h e o r d e rw a sQ+Z>Q>N+Z>N>C K>Z.I n s u m m a r y,t h e o p t i m a l f e r t i l i z a t i o n t r e a t-m e n t f o r p l a n t i n g k i n g g r a s s i n r a r e e a r t h t a i l i n g s a r e aw a s t h e e a r t h w o r mc a s t+b i o g a s s l u r r y.K e y w o r d s:K i n gg r a s s;R a r e e a r t h t a i l i n g s;F e r t i l i z a t i o n;Y i e l d;Q u a l i t y赣南地区离子型稀土矿是我国最重要的重稀土来源之一,产量居世界第一[1]㊂特殊的浸矿开采工艺㊁长年累月的乱采滥挖及滞后的环境保护,使该区生态环境遭受了严重破坏[2]㊂植物修复具有投资少㊁易管理㊁无二次污染等优点[3],是当前稀土尾矿修复的主要技术之一㊂但稀土尾矿因土壤酸化沙化,营养物质和有机质缺乏,土壤微生物多样性及功能减弱等问题抑制了地表植被的建立,成为植物修复最主要的障碍之一[4-5]㊂王草(P e n n i s e t u m s i n e s e)是禾本科狼尾草属多年生草本植物,其根系发达,须根繁茂交织成网状,在不同环境下都具有极强的适应性,被广泛应用于荒山荒坡生态环境治理中[6]㊂同时,王草茎叶柔嫩多汁㊁适口性好㊁营养丰富的特性深受牛羊喜食,是南方地区极具潜力的优质青饲料[7]㊂因此,在稀土尾矿区种植王草,既能改良土壤,修复稀土尾矿,又可建立种草养牛-牛粪还田种草的循环模式,具有良好的经济效益和生态效益㊂本团队前期研究发现,王草能够适应稀土尾矿的生长环境,但野生环境下,稀土尾矿种植的王草存在生长速度慢㊁产量低㊁品质差的问题㊂土地复垦可显著改善离子型稀土尾矿土壤浸矿剂残留和土壤酸化问题,但不能有效提升土壤肥力[8]㊂植物修复需施肥处理,但施用化肥不能有效改善稀土尾矿土壤有机质缺失㊁土壤菌群失调的现状[9],并且,长期施用化肥易导致矿区土壤p H下降㊁土壤结构和生物多样性退化等问题[10]㊂有机肥对提升作物产量和品质㊁改良土壤的作用优于化肥[11],适宜用作尾矿修复㊂牛粪是我国南方重要的有机肥来源,因其重金属含量低,提高土壤微生物量碳氮效果好而优于猪粪[12],并可直接由王草养殖肉牛获取㊂牛粪发酵产生的腐熟牛粪㊁沼液可有效提升土壤肥力和有机质含量,改善土壤微生物系统,满足作物营养需求[13-14]㊂而牛粪养殖蚯蚓产生的蚯蚓粪同样可以有效提升作物生物量[15],其对提升土壤有机质和阳离子交换量,改善土壤理化性质的效果均优于腐熟牛粪[16]㊂蚯蚓粪是一种高效的土壤修复剂,可显著增强土壤微生物和酶的活性,调节土壤容重,改善持水率,有效减少矿区养分流失[17-18]㊂目前关于蚯蚓粪的研究主要集中于盐碱地㊁重金属污染耕地等土壤改良[19-20],以及在促进蔬菜㊁水稻等植物生长上的应用[21-22],而将其应用于改良稀土尾矿土壤,对种植王草的生长发育㊁产量㊁营养品质的效果尚需进一步探索㊂因此,本研究设置沼液㊁腐熟牛粪㊁蚯蚓粪作为施肥处理,并以化肥处理为对照,跟踪研究了不同施肥处理对离子型稀土尾矿种植王草连续三年的农艺性状㊁产量和品质影响,并用模糊数学隶属函数法对各施肥处理的饲用价值进行综合评价,寻找稀土尾矿王草种植的最佳施肥组合,为稀土尾矿生态修复和南方草牧业发展提供理论支撑㊂1材料与方法1.1试验地概况试验地位于江西省赣州市定南县岭北镇蔡阳村鼎瑞牧业有限公司㊂定南县(24ʎ78'N,115ʎ02'E)稀土资源丰富,是首批11个国家稀土规划矿区之一,属中亚热带季风湿润气候区,境内气候温和,多年最高气温38ħ,年平均气温19ħ,无霜期293d,年均日照时数为1777.1h,年均降雨量1520.4m m㊂试验矿区地表裸露,几乎无植被覆盖,土壤质地为沙质壤土, p H4.33,容重1.3g㊃k g-1,有机质2.3g㊃k g-1,全氮0.06g㊃k g-1,全磷0.24g㊃k g-1,速效钾56.68 m g㊃k g-1,土壤主要重金属分别为砷16.61 m g㊃k g-1,铅72.07m g㊃k g-1,铬6.17m g㊃k g-1,镉0.04m g㊃k g-1㊂1.2试验材料试验种植品种为 热研4号 王草(P e n n i s r t u m p u r p u r e u m x p t y p h o i d e v m R e y a n N o.4 ),沼液㊁腐熟牛粪㊁蚯蚓粪由定南县鼎瑞牧业有限公司提供,其养分含量见表1㊂6813Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.第10期欧翔等:施肥处理对稀土尾矿王草农艺性状㊁产量及品质的影响表1沼液㊁腐熟牛粪㊁蚯蚓粪养分含量T a b l e1 N u t r i e n t c o n t e n t o f b i o g a s s l u r r y,d e c o m p o s e d c o wd u n g a n de a r t h w o r mc a s t单位:%项目I t e m沼液B i o g a s s l u r r y腐熟牛粪D e c o m p o s e d c o wd u n g蚯蚓粪E a r t h w o r mc a s t 水分W a t e r c o n t e n t-30.93ʃ2.1750.81ʃ2.11有机质O r g a n i cm a t t e r0.79ʃ0.0447.80ʃ4.1342.34ʃ1.10全氮T o t a l n i t r o g e n0.62ʃ0.041.81ʃ0.121.87ʃ0.06全磷T o t a l p h o s p h o r u s0.09ʃ0.011.54ʃ0.303.15ʃ0.07全钾T o t a l p o t a s s i u m0.08ʃ0.002.21ʃ0.272.26ʃ0.22注:沼液养分含量以湿重计,腐熟牛粪㊁蚯蚓粪养分含量以干基计N o t e:T h e n u t r i e n t c o n t e n t o f b i o g a s s l u r r y w a s c a l c u l a t e d b y w e tw e i g h t,a n d t h e n u t r i e n t c o n t e n t o f d e c o m p o s e d c o wd u n g a n d e a r t h w o r m m a n u r e i s c a l c u l a t e do nd r y m a t t e r1.3试验设计采用田间随机区组试验设计,设置6种施肥处理:C K(化肥)㊁Z(沼液)㊁N(腐熟牛粪)㊁N+Z(腐熟牛粪+沼液)㊁Q(蚯蚓粪)㊁Q+Z(蚯蚓粪+沼液),组间缓冲带1m,每组5个小区共计30个小区,每个小区30m2(5mˑ6m)㊂各施肥处理施氮量均在1000k g㊃h m-2左右,根据N总量计算各有机肥施用量,C K组施用喷浆硫酸钾复合肥(N-P2O5-K2O 比例为14ʒ16ʒ15,总养分ȡ45%),其余组沼液㊁腐熟牛粪㊁蚯蚓粪施用量见表2㊂2020年5月11日翻耕土地,按行株距1.0mˑ1.0m种植王草,所有施肥处理在种植前及每年出芽前条施基肥1次,第一年刈割3茬,第二㊁三年刈割4茬,除每年最后一茬外,每茬刈割后均撒施追肥1次㊂表2各处理施肥用量T a b l e2 F e r t i l i z a t i o na m o u n t o f e a c h t r e a t m e n t施肥用量F e r t i l i z a t i o na m o u n t C K Z N N+Z Q Q+Z 基肥用量沼液B i o g a s s l u r r y/t㊃h m-20161.40080.70080.00 g r o u n d f e r t i l i z e r a m o u n t s腐熟牛粪D e c o m p o s e dc o wd u n g/t㊃h m-20080.0040.0000蚯蚓粪E a r t h w o r mc a s t/t㊃h m-20000108.8055.00N总量T o t a l n i t r o g e n/k g㊃h m-21000.001000.681000.131000.141000.801001.92单次追肥用量沼液B i o g a s s l u r r y/t㊃h m-2080.70040.30040.00 S i n g l e a d d i t i o n a l f e r t i l i z e r a m o u n t s腐熟牛粪D e c o m p o s e dc o wd u n g/t㊃h m-20040.0020.0000蚯蚓粪E a r t h w o r mc a s t/t㊃h m-2000054.4027.50N总量T o t a l n i t r o g e n/k g㊃h m-2500.00500.34500.07499.89500.40500.96注:各处理组有机肥用量以湿重计N o t e:T h e a m o u n t o f o r g a n i c f e r t i l i z e r i ne a c h t r e a t m e n t g r o u p w a sm e a s u r e db y w e tw e i g h t1.4农艺性状与产量测定根据王草长势情况,2020年分别于7月31日㊁9月16日㊁11月3日共进行3次刈割测量, 2021年分别于5月12日㊁6月24日㊁8月26日㊁10月21日共进行了4次刈割测量,2022年分别于5月30日㊁7月16日㊁9月17日㊁11月5日共进行了4次刈割测量㊂随机抽取3个小区,每个小区去边行后随机选取6株留茬10c m刈割,分别测量株高㊁分蘖数㊁茎粗(所有分蘖茎粗平均值)㊁叶片数㊁单株鲜重,去边行后刈割小区内全部王草推算鲜草产量㊂1.5营养品质与重金属含量测定采用2020年第3次㊁2021年第4次㊁2022年第4次刈割的各组王草作为分析对象,样品带回实验室后于烘箱中105ħ杀青2h后65ħ烘干至恒重,粉碎保存,分别测定粗蛋白㊁粗脂肪㊁粗纤维㊁粗灰分㊁砷㊁铅㊁铬㊁镉含量㊂其中粗蛋白的测定采用凯氏定氮法,粗脂肪的测定参照G B/T6433-2006,粗纤维的测定采用过滤法,参照G B/T6434-2006执行,粗灰分的测定参照G B/T6438-2007,砷含量测定参照G B/T13079-2006,铅含量测定参照G B/T 13080-2018,铬含量测定参照G B/T13088-2006,镉含量测定参照G B/T13082-2021㊂1.6数据分析及综合评价利用M i c r o s o f t E x c e l2013进行数据统计分析, S p s s24.0进行方差和显著性分析,结果以平均值ʃ标准差(M e a nʃS D)表示㊂采用模糊数学隶属函数法对各施肥处理的饲用价值进行综合评价㊂其中株高㊁分蘖数茎粗㊁叶片数㊁产量㊁粗蛋白㊁粗脂肪为王草饲用价值的优良指7813Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.草地学报第31卷标,数值最大为最优,则可用以公式(1)表示㊂粗纤维㊁粗灰分为王草饲用价值的劣性指标,数值最小为优,则用公式(2)表示㊂X1=(X i j-X j m i n)/(X j m a x-X j m i n)(1)X2=(X j m a x-X i j)/(X j m a x-X j m i n)(2)式中i=1,2,3, ,m;j=1,2,3, ,n;m为评价对象数,n为评价指标数㊂X i j表示第i评价对象第j性状值;X j m a x㊁X j m i n分别表示m个评价对象第j 性状集合的最大值和最小值㊂2结果与分析2.1不同施肥处理对王草农艺性状的影响由表3和图1可知,腐熟牛粪㊁蚯蚓粪处理组王草株高较C K组三年均有显著提升㊂Q+Z组最高, 2022年株高达229.46c m,较C K组提升了97.52%,较2020年提升了14.76%㊂各处理组各茬株高2020年第二茬均最低,后两年蚯蚓粪处理组除Q组2021年外,其余均在第三茬达到峰值,其中Q+Z组2022年二三茬间增幅达5.85%,其余处理组均在第二茬达到峰值后逐茬下降㊂各施肥处理2020年分蘖数组间差异不显著,后两年蚯蚓粪组最高,其中Q+Z组2022年分蘖数达29.32,显著高于腐熟牛粪组,较C K组提升了545.81%,较2020年提升了233.94%㊂各处理组各茬分蘖数2020年趋势基本一致,2021年开始腐熟牛粪组均于前两茬升高后快速下降,蚯蚓粪处理组2021年二三茬间持平或略有上升,在第四茬达到峰值,2022年持续上升,在第三茬达到峰值后下降㊂各施肥处理2020年茎粗仅N+Z组有显著提升,后两年蚯蚓粪处理组均显著提升,其中2022年Q㊁Q+Z组茎粗达15.58m m,15.86m m,显著高于其他处理组,分别较C K组提升了41.25%, 43.79%㊂蚯蚓粪处理组各茬间连续三年均于第二茬达到峰值后下降,其余组趋势基本一致并在2020年㊁2022年第一茬峰值后迅速下降㊂腐熟牛粪㊁蚯蚓粪处理组王草叶片数较C K组三年均显著提升,2022年蚯蚓粪组显著高于腐熟牛粪组,Q㊁Q+Z组分别达205.93,246.49,较C K组提升了530.72%,654.95%,较2020年提升了23.13%, 51.32%㊂腐熟牛粪组各茬间波动较大,后两年N㊁N +Z组第二茬后下降幅度分别达46.10%,52.44%和50.45%,41.23%,蚯蚓粪组后两年各茬均维持较高水平,降幅较小㊂表3不同施肥处理下各年度王草农艺性状均值T a b l e3 A v e r a g e a g r o n o m i c t r a i t s o f k i n gg r a s su n d e r d i f f e r e n t f e r t i l i z a t i o n t r e a t m e n t s i ne a c h y e a r项目I t e m年份Y e a r/年C K Z N N+Z Q Q+Z 株高2020141.03ʃ22.08a136.53ʃ31.09a189.45ʃ31.63b192.61ʃ32.95b200.22ʃ15.28b199.94ʃ10.62b P l a n t h e i g h t/c m2021104.09ʃ21.07a125.79ʃ24.14a b189.23ʃ52.18b c181.09ʃ46.97b c206.24ʃ46.99c213.24ʃ55.66c 2022116.17ʃ18.49a124.94ʃ12.77a177.98ʃ34.41b187.31ʃ27.45b c214.07ʃ28.67b c229.46ʃ23.96c 分蘖数20208.45ʃ3.896.83ʃ1.8410.17ʃ2.8411.77ʃ3.5610.13ʃ4.108.78ʃ2.62 T i l l e r n u m b e r20213.07ʃ0.60a3.70ʃ1.56a13.69ʃ2.25b14.49ʃ2.51b14.92ʃ2.42b15.72ʃ3.42b 20224.54ʃ1.24a7.73ʃ3.14a20.12ʃ2.92b21.00ʃ3.43b c25.13ʃ2.44c d29.32ʃ3.98d 茎粗202011.31ʃ2.14a10.25ʃ2.39a13.55ʃ1.91a14.16ʃ2.51b13.62ʃ0.91a13.58ʃ1.71a S t e md i a m e t e r/m m20217.80ʃ0.72a9.97ʃ2.15a b13.61ʃ3.38c11.91ʃ2.70b c13.45ʃ2.71b c13.54ʃ2.23b c 202211.03ʃ3.52a10.93ʃ2.69a12.11ʃ2.84a b11.64ʃ2.73a15.58ʃ2.54b15.86ʃ2.04b 叶片数202021.77ʃ1.62a38.45ʃ3.80b153.23ʃ5.97c157.80ʃ10.26c167.25ʃ10.06c162.89ʃ2.88c N u m b e r o f l e a v e s202126.39ʃ9.38a39.56ʃ8.00a116.02ʃ33.34b125.52ʃ41.75b120.15ʃ24.33b152.24ʃ37.38b 202232.65ʃ10.01a46.96ʃ18.07a139.48ʃ44.49b161.38ʃ45.37b205.93ʃ7.03c246.49ʃ16.57c 注:同行不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)㊂下同N o t e:D i f f e r e n t l e t t e r sw i t h i n t h e s a m e r o wi n d i c a t e s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e(P<0.05).T h e s a m e a sb e l o w2.2不同施肥处理对王草单株重及产量的影响由表4及图2可知,腐熟牛粪㊁蚯蚓粪处理组王草单株重较C K组三年均有显著提升,其中Q+Z组2022年达3.7k g,较C K组提升了421.13%,除Q组2021年略低外,蚯蚓粪处理均高于腐熟牛粪处理组,但组间差异不显著㊂Z组无显著提升㊂2020年蚯蚓粪处理组第一茬显著高于其余处理,但第三茬下降至与腐熟牛粪组同一水平,后两年各处理单株重均在第二茬峰值后下降,第四茬最低,N,N+Z,Q,Q+Z组二三茬2021年降幅为62.61%,67.56%,39.17%,25.88%,2022年降幅为53.62%,50.13%,16.36%,29.03%㊂蚯蚓粪处理组王草年产量显著高于其他处理组,其中Q+Z组最高,三年产量分别较C K组提升了727.24%,958.53%,741.00%,且后两年显著高于Q组,Z组仅2021年产量有显著提升㊂各处理组产量排序为Q+Z>Q>N>N+Z>Z>C K㊂8813Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.第10期欧 翔等:施肥处理对稀土尾矿王草农艺性状㊁产量及品质的影响不同施肥处理各茬产量趋势与单株重基本一致,N ,N+Z ,Q ,Q+Z 组二三茬2021年降幅为51.96%,54.07%,35.03%,28.69%,2022年降幅为37.91%,39.74%,17.85%,17.98%㊂图1 不同施肥处理下王草农艺性状各茬趋势F i g .1 T r e n d s o f a g r o n o m i c t r a i t s o f k i n ggr a s su n d e r d i f f e r e n t f e r t i l i z a t i o n t r e a t m e n t s 表4 不同施肥处理下各年度王草单株重及产量T a b l e 4 P l a n tw e i g h t a n d y i e l do f k i n ggr a s su n d e r d i f f e r e n t f e r t i l i z a t i o n t r e a t m e n t s i ne a c h y e a r 项目I t e m s年份Y e a r/年C K Z N N+Z QQ+Z单株重20200.22ʃ0.18a 0.18ʃ0.53a 0.97ʃ0.58b 1.00ʃ0.68b 1.30ʃ1.44b1.22ʃ1.50bW e i g h t p e r p l a n t /k g 20210.63ʃ0.27a 0.93ʃ0.22a 2.79ʃ1.62b 2.73ʃ1.49b 2.67ʃ0.82b3.40ʃ0.81b20220.71ʃ0.23a 1.04ʃ0.25a 2.64ʃ1.21b 2.48ʃ1.10b 3.37ʃ0.89b3.70ʃ0.98b产量20205.47ʃ0.47a 5.72ʃ0.42a 25.27ʃ2.77b 26.33ʃ1.34b 43.02ʃ2.07c45.25ʃ2.17cY i e l d /t ㊃h m -220218.15ʃ0.52a 13.33ʃ0.79b 66.18ʃ3.61c 63.12ʃ3.14c 75.52ʃ2.30d86.27ʃ3.81e202210.61ʃ1.82a 15.26ʃ2.25a 58.30ʃ3.47b 56.10ʃ3.52b 83.15ʃ2.69c89.23ʃ2.63d图2 不同施肥处理下王草各茬单株重及产量F i g .2 W e i g h t p e r p l a n t a n d y i e l do f k i n ggr a s su n d e r d i f f e r e n t f e r t i l i z a t i o n t r e a t m e n t s 9813Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.草地学报第31卷2.3不同施肥处理对王草营养品质及重金属含量的影响腐熟牛粪㊁蚯蚓粪处理对王草营养品质有显著影响(表3),2020-2022年,粗蛋白含量Q+Z组值最高,依次是Q,N+Z,N,Z组㊂其中,Q+Z组的粗蛋白含量较C K组分别提高了117.46%,247.37%,226.28%㊂粗脂肪含量2020年各处理均较低,2021年开始Q+Z组最高,分别较C K组提升了11.97%, 39.51%,N,Q组仅2022年有显著提升㊂粗纤维含量2020年Q组最低,较C K组降低了12.35%,2021-2022年Q+Z组最低,分别较C K组降低了19.18%,23.32%,其他处理组2021年与C K 组无显著差异,2022年除Z组外均显著低于C K组㊂粗灰分含量2020年各组均在5%~6%左右, 2021-2022年Q+Z组最低,较C K组降低了62.83%,54.81%,N+Z,N组三年与C K组均无显著差异,Z组2021年显著降低但第三年无显著差异㊂表3不同施肥处理对王草营养品质的影响T a b l e3 E f f e c t s o f d i f f e r e n t f e r t i l i z a t i o n t r e a t m e n t s o nn u t r i t i o n a l q u a l i t y o f k i n gg r a s s项目I t e m s年份Y e a r/年C K Z N N+Z Q Q+Z 粗蛋白C P20203.78ʃ0.23a4.02ʃ0.19a6.10ʃ0.26b6.31ʃ0.23b7.28ʃ0.19c8.22ʃ0.17d 20212.47ʃ0.29b1.55ʃ0.10a5.07ʃ0.14c6.34ʃ0.22d7.78ʃ0.12e8.58ʃ0.17f20222.74ʃ0.12b2.08ʃ0.17a5.61ʃ0.19c6.52ʃ0.18d8.03ʃ0.14e8.94ʃ0.24f 粗脂肪E E20201.30ʃ0.10b1.00ʃ0.17a1.00ʃ0.20a1.10ʃ0.10a b1.30ʃ0.26b1.00ʃ0.10a 20214.01ʃ0.14a b3.74ʃ0.20a4.08ʃ0.19a b c4.40ʃ0.25c d4.27ʃ0.14b c d4.49ʃ0.32d20223.24ʃ0.17a3.62ʃ0.10a b3.85ʃ0.25b c4.06ʃ0.21c4.17ʃ0.20c d4.52ʃ0.37d 粗纤维C F202033.20ʃ1.46c31.00ʃ1.05a b c29.90ʃ1.68a b32.10ʃ1.95b c29.10ʃ1.55a29.70ʃ1.51a b 202136.49ʃ1.11b c38.83ʃ1.15c36.75ʃ1.58b c35.77ʃ0.75b34.51ʃ1.94b29.49ʃ1.03a202237.26ʃ1.42c37.38ʃ1.30c34.28ʃ0.74b34.79ʃ1.22b32.77ʃ0.89b28.57ʃ1.35a 粗灰分C A20205.80ʃ0.22b6.20ʃ0.19c5.50ʃ0.13a b5.60ʃ0.24b5.20ʃ0.13a5.60ʃ0.22b 20219.39ʃ0.19c8.82ʃ0.19b8.92ʃ0.30b c9.17ʃ0.19b c3.69ʃ0.50a3.49ʃ0.32a20227.79ʃ0.31b c7.81ʃ0.37b c8.17ʃ0.14c7.44ʃ0.27b4.01ʃ0.50a3.52ʃ0.36a不同施肥处理王草地上部分除2020年未检测出镉外,其余年份均检测出重金属㊂各处理组王草砷㊁铅㊁铬㊁镉含量均符合‘G B13078-2017饲料卫生标准“(表4),可作为反刍动物饲料使用㊂不同施肥处理中除N组2021年铅㊁铬含量较C K组有所升高外,其他处理重金属含量较C K组均有所降低㊂除2021年镉含量高于N组外,镉㊁砷㊁铅㊁铬含量均最低并显著低于C K组,2022年较2021年分别降低了82.93%,88.10%,59.44%, 59.27%㊂2021年N+Z组镉含量低,其余与蚯蚓粪处理组差异不显著㊂除2020年Q组砷㊁铅略高外,砷㊁铅㊁铬含量均为蚯蚓粪处理组最低㊂Z组除2021年铅㊁铬略低外,其余均高于腐熟牛粪和蚯蚓粪处理组㊂表4不同施肥处理对王草重金属含量的影响T a b l e4 E f f e c t s o f d i f f e r e n t f e r t i l i z a t i o n t r e a t m e n t s o nh e a v y m e t a l c o n t e n t i nk i n gg r a s s单位:m g㊃k g-1项目I t e m s G B13078-2017年份Y e a r/年C K Z N N+Z Q Q+Z 镉C dɤ12020------20210.34ʃ0.06c0.30ʃ0.06c0.12ʃ0.04b0.07ʃ0.02a0.12ʃ0.001b0.09ʃ0.02a b20220.41ʃ0.04c0.34ʃ0.03b0.10ʃ0.04a0.11ʃ0.03a0.09ʃ0.02a0.07ʃ0.01a 砷A sɤ420200.54ʃ0.06d0.34ʃ0.07c0.25ʃ0.04b0.21ʃ0.04a b0.28ʃ0.03b c0.18ʃ0.03a20210.39ʃ0.15d0.27ʃ0.04c0.19ʃ0.06b0.13ʃ0.06a0.10ʃ0.03a0.01ʃ0.001a20220.42ʃ0.11d0.25ʃ0.02c0.14ʃ0.03b0.11ʃ0.03b0.07ʃ0.01a b0.05ʃ0.01a 铅P bɤ3020205.17ʃ0.23d2.95ʃ0.24c2.13ʃ0.12b1.98ʃ0.11b2.20ʃ0.17b1.22ʃ0.17a20212.41ʃ0.62b2.19ʃ0.34b3.83ʃ0.89c2.34ʃ0.92b1.88ʃ0.52b1.13ʃ0.09a20223.23ʃ0.53d3.17ʃ0.28d2.25ʃ0.31c1.85ʃ0.58b1.74ʃ0.41b1.31ʃ0.25a 铬C rɤ520203.29ʃ0.29c2.45ʃ0.07b2.16ʃ0.13b2.38ʃ0.28b1.28ʃ0.14a1.15ʃ0.11a20212.04ʃ0.76c1.52ʃ0.36b2.12ʃ0.14c1.93ʃ0.95c1.62ʃ0.51b1.16ʃ0.45a20222.75ʃ0.57d2.35ʃ0.44c2.21ʃ0.28c1.74ʃ0.53b1.39ʃ0.31a1.12ʃ0.21a2.4不同施肥处理对王草饲用价值综合评价将王草3年各性状平均值分别带入隶属函数公式(1)㊁公式(2),可得到不同施肥处理的王草各性状的隶属函数值(表5),综合值越大,说明该处理的饲用价值越高㊂Q+Z组饲用价值逐年升高,Q组略有下降但仍维持较高水平,N,N+Z,C K组快速下0913Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.第10期欧翔等:施肥处理对稀土尾矿王草农艺性状㊁产量及品质的影响降,Z组各年持平,综合三年王草饲用价值排序为Q +Z>Q>N+Z>N>C K>Z㊂由此可见,施用蚯蚓粪对赣南稀土尾矿王草饲用价值有提升作用,Q+Z 组(蚯蚓粪+牛沼液)效果最佳㊂表5不同施肥处理下王草各性状的隶属函数值T a b l e5 S u b o r d i n a t e f u n c t i o nv a l u e s o f k i n gg r a s sc h a r a c t e r su nde r d if f e r e n t f e r t i l i z a t i o n t r e a t m e n t s年份Y e a r/年C K Z N N+Z Q Q+Z20200.23000.07910.64220.67900.91800.740620210.08240.09890.59230.63700.83040.998720220.02350.07850.42920.48400.82031平均值A v e r a g e0.11200.08550.55460.60000.85620.9131排序R a n k564321 3讨论3.1不同施肥处理对王草农艺性状和产量的影响养分是陆地生态系统生产力的重要限制因素,赣南地区离子型稀土尾矿区土壤极度贫瘠,植物生长缓慢㊁植株矮小,通过添加粪肥㊁沼液等基质提升土壤有机质和氮磷钾含量,改善土壤理化性质,促进植物生长是目前较为有效的植物修复方式[23-24]㊂S o n g等[25]研究发现,盐渍土壤中施用蚯蚓粪可有效提升土壤酶活性,显著提高杂交狼尾草叶绿素含量和净光合速率,促进植株生物量积累㊂张正昊等[26]研究发现,在沙化土壤中添加20%牛粪可改善土壤理化性质,显著提升油葵和紫花苜蓿的株高和生物量㊂G r e e n b e r g等[27]研究发现,在沙质土壤中施用沼液可增加土壤有机碳,但未能提升黑麦的地上生物量㊂本研究结果也发现,蚯蚓粪和腐熟牛粪单施或配合沼液均能显著提升王草株高㊁分蘖数㊁茎粗㊁叶片数㊁单株重和产量,施用沼液未能显著提升王草农艺性状和产量㊂本研究中,Q+Z组的农艺性状和产量处于较高水平,并在第二年开始高于或显著高于其他处理,可能的原因在于相较于Q组,施用沼液提高了土壤水分含量,进而增加了叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用速率[28],提高了王草生物量,同时蚯蚓粪改良了土壤孔隙度,提升了微团聚体含量,缓解了沼液中营养成分的淋失;相较于N+Z组,蚯蚓粪有机质㊁全氮㊁全钾含量与腐熟牛粪相当,但全磷含量达3.15%,是腐熟牛粪的2.05倍㊂研究表明,磷素㊁氮素是陆地生态系统最主要的限制元素[29]㊂磷素可通过影响光合作用过程进而影响作物生物量的积累,蚯蚓粪中较高的磷含量可有效提升王草生物量㊂同时,牛粪经蚯蚓消解为蚯蚓粪后将显著提升硝态氮占全氮的比例[30],而硝态氮是高等植物主要吸收的氮形态[31],在等氮施肥的前提下,施用蚯蚓粪的氮素吸收效率要高于施用腐熟牛粪,可有效促进王草叶片和植株发育,提高叶片数和产量㊂但本研究中第一㊁二年Q组与N组各农艺性状指标差异不显著,可能的原因是蚯蚓粪和腐熟牛粪的含水量均较低,稀土尾矿区沙质土壤保水性差,干旱胁迫降低了王草叶片气孔导度,阻碍了C O2供应[32],降低了叶片光合速率,影响王草生物量的积累㊂Z组除第一年叶片数和第二年产量有显著提升外,其余年份农艺性状和产量均无显著提升,可能的原因是本试验中沼液的有机质和氮磷钾含量较低,且稀土尾矿区沙质壤土保水保肥能力差,氮磷径流流失量较高,限制了王草生物量的积累㊂通过施肥处理改良稀土尾矿并种植王草,可建立种草养牛-牛粪还田种草的循环模式,在该循环中,王草每次刈割后均能保持一定的长势和产量,维持肉牛饲喂需求,是施肥处理需要解决的关键问题㊂本研究中,不同施肥处理对王草各茬农艺性状和产量影响各有不同㊂从农艺性状上看,Q+Z组的分蘖数㊁叶片数在第二年开始均逐茬上升,第三年达到峰值,株高第二年开始二三茬间保持上升趋势,茎粗第二年后于第二茬开始下降,但仍维持较高水平,Q 组虽不及Q+Z组,但农艺性状指标后两年仍保持较高水平,N组和N+Z组第二年开始农艺性状于前两茬达到峰值后断崖式下降㊂从单株重和产量上看,N组和N+Z组除第三年二三茬间产量降幅较小外,其余年份单株重和产量降幅均超过50%㊂Q 组和Q+Z组单株重和产量后两年二三茬间降幅均较小,第三年产量仅下降17.85%和17.98%㊂本研究中,蚯蚓粪处理对维持王草各茬长势和产量的效果均优于腐熟牛粪处理㊂相较于腐熟牛粪,蚯蚓粪可有效改善土壤总孔隙度和容重,提升有机质和< 10μm粒级微团聚体含量,提高土壤中蔗糖酶㊁碱性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性[33],是一种优质的土壤改良剂㊂养分更加丰富且活性更强的蚯蚓粪在每茬刈割后追施,其持续的土壤改良作用可有效维持土壤供肥性能,同时养分的缓慢释放能在不同时期为王草提供充足的养分,维持王草长势和产量[34]㊂3.2不同施肥处理对王草营养品质及重金属含量的影响王草叶片柔软㊁鲜嫩多汁,是一种适宜饲喂畜禽的青饲料,在正常耕地土壤中种植王草的粗蛋白㊁粗1913Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.草地学报第31卷脂肪㊁粗纤维㊁粗灰分含量分别在7.51%~11.80%, 2.06%~6.09%,33.22%~41.04%,10.15%~ 12.87%之间[35-37],其粗蛋白㊁粗脂肪含量高于玉米,具有较高的营养价值㊂本研究中Q组和Q+Z组粗蛋白含量在7.29%~8.94%之间,粗脂肪后两年在4.17%~4.52%之间,处于正常土壤种植王草的营养品质水平内,粗纤维㊁粗灰分含量较C K组显著下降,并低于正常耕地土壤种植王草㊂钟云平等[38]研究发现,施用蚯蚓粪能有效提升稀土尾矿区种植的桂牧1号象草的粗蛋白含量,降低粗纤维含量,且随施入量的提高差异越显著,与本研究相似㊂刘占伟等[39]研究发现,施用牛粪堆肥或配施沼液均可显著提升青贮玉米粗蛋白含量,但单独施用沼液用量在60 m3㊃h m-2后粗蛋白含量呈递减趋势㊂本研究中N 组和N+Z组粗蛋白含量较C K组有显著提升,Z组施用161.4t㊃h m-2沼液后粗蛋白含量较C K组显著下降,与前人研究吻合㊂综合粗蛋白㊁粗脂肪㊁粗纤维㊁粗灰分指标来看,蚯蚓粪配施沼液对提升王草营养品质的效果最佳㊂本试验地中主要重金属元素为砷㊁铅㊁铬㊁镉㊂根据‘土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)“(G B15618-2018),除铅(70m g㊃k g-1)外,该稀土尾矿区其余重金属元素均在风险筛选值内,对农作物产品质量安全的风险一般可以忽略㊂王草是砷㊁铅㊁铬㊁镉的耐性植物,适量的重金属污染能提升王草生物量[40],同时王草还是砷㊁铅㊁铬的低富集植物,镉的富集植物[41],其富集量均为地下部分高于地上部分[42]㊂本试验地土壤重金属含量较低,种植的王草地上部分重金属较低符合饲料卫生标准,不同施肥处理中,Q+Z组和Q组较为显著的降低了王草重金属含量,可能的原因是蚯蚓粪可影响土壤可交换态重金属含量,降低土壤重金属浓度,起到钝化剂的作用[43]㊂3.3不同施肥处理对王草饲用价值的综合评价粗蛋白㊁粗脂肪㊁粗纤维㊁粗灰分含量是衡量王草营养价值的重要指标,株高㊁茎粗㊁分蘖数㊁叶片数和产量是显示王草生长发育情况,影响王草种植的经济效益和推广价值的重要指标㊂本研究中不同指标排序结果不一致,而从某单一指标评价王草的饲用价值具有一定的片面性,需要进行多指标综合评价㊂何振富等[44]运用隶属函数法对甘肃临夏地区10个青贮玉米品种的生产性能及饲用价值进行评价,邹君洪等[45]利用隶属函数法对川西北天然草地17种野生饲用植物进行饲用价值评价,与前人研究相似,本研究采用隶属函数法对不同施肥处理王草的饲用价值进行综合评价,结果更为客观准确㊂结果显示,Q+Z组第一年饲用价值第二,后两年饲用价值第一,综合三年饲用价值0.9131,排序第一,其他处理组和C K组的排序依次为Q>N+Z>N> C K>Z㊂处理组间表现为蚯蚓粪组优于腐熟牛粪组,沼液配施组优于单一施肥组㊂4结论赣南离子型稀土尾矿施用蚯蚓粪或腐熟牛粪,以及两者配施沼液均能显著提升王草农艺性状㊁产量和品质,而蚯蚓粪单独或配施沼液处理效果均优于腐熟牛粪,适宜作为离子型稀土尾矿区种植王草的较优施肥处理㊂参考文献[1]邹国良,滕清安.赣州稀土产业发展思路探析[J].稀土,2012,35(5):94-98[2]陈敏,张大超,朱清江,等.离子型稀土矿山废弃地生态修复研究进展[J].中国稀土学报,2017,35(4):461-468[3]郑先坤,冯秀娟,陈哲,等.离子型稀土矿开采环境问题及废弃地修复治理研究进展[J].应用化工,2019,48(3):681-684 [4]刘文深,刘畅,王志威,等.离子型稀土矿尾砂地植被恢复障碍因子研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):879-887[5] P R O T O M,C O U R T N E Y R.A p p l i c a t i o no f o r g a n i cw a s t e s t os u b s o i lm a t e r i a l sc a n p r o v i d es u s t a i n e ds o i l q u a l i t y i n e n g i-n e e r e ds o i lc o v e r sf o r m i n et a i l i n g sr e h a b i l i t a t i o n:A7y e a r ss t u d y[J].E c o l o g i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g,2023,192:106971 [6] Y A N GJ,X U X L,L I U M X,e ta l.E f f e c t so fN a p i e r g r a s sm a n a g e m e n t o ns o i l h y d r o l o g i c f u n c t i o n s i nak a r s t l a n d s c a p e, s o u t h w e s t e r nC h i n a[J].S o i l a n dT i l l a g eR e s e a r c h,2016,157: 83-92[7] A N T O N YS,T H OMA SC G.N u t r i t i v e q u a l i t y o f h y b r i dN a-p i e rc u l t i v a r s g r o w n u n d e rr a i n f e d e c o s y s t e m[J].J o u r n a lT r o p i c a lA g r i c u l t u r e,2014,52(1):90-93[8]周彩云,张嵚,赵小敏,等.赣南某原地浸析稀土尾矿复垦前后土壤质量变化[J].农业资源与环境学报,2019,36(1):89-95 [9]刘艳霞,付生华,李想,等.化肥连续施用条件下植烟土壤微生物群落响应特征[J].中国烟草学报,2022,28(6):104-114[10]L IX,Q I A O L,HU A N G Y P,e ta l.M a n u r i n g i m p r o v e ss o i lh e a l t hb y s u s t a i n i n g m u l t i f u n c t i o na tr e l a t i v e l y h i g hl e v e l s i ns u b t r o p i c a la r e a[J].A g r i c u l t u r e,E c o s y s t e m sa n d E n v i r o n-m e n t,2023,353:108539[11]万连杰,李俊杰,张绩,等.有机肥替代化肥技术研究进展[J].北方园艺,2021(11):133-142[12]张英,武淑霞,雷秋良,等.不同类型粪肥还田对土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响[J].土壤,2022,54(6):1175-11842913Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.。
基于云模型的耕地土壤养分模糊综合评价
A bstract: There are randomness and fuzziness to a large extent in soil nutrient synthetic evaluation. In order to effectively solve the uncertain transform ation problem between the qualitative concepts and evaluation indexes,which are described by m embership function, based on the cloud theory and fuzzy mathematics theory, a fuzzy synthetic evaluation method was presented based on the cloud mode1. Taking
(1.College of Information and Electrical Engineering,China Agricultural University,Bei jing 100083,China 2.Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality Monitoring and Control,Ministry o f Land and Resources,Bei jing 100193,China
Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation of Soil Nutrients in Cultivated Land Based on Cloud M odel in Da’an City,Jilin Province
黄土丘陵区空心村土地复垦后不同年限土壤肥力评价
EvaluationofSoilFertilityinDifferentYearsAfterReclamationof Hollow VillageinLoessHighlandArea
CHENGJie1,2,3,4,MA Zenghui2,ZHANG Lu2,3,WEIJing2,3,SHIChendi2,3
第 28 卷 第 2 期 2021 年 4 月
水土保持研究 ResearchofSoiland WaterConservation
Vol.28,No.2 Apr.,2021
黄土丘陵区空心村土地复垦后不同年限土壤肥力评价
程 杰1,2,3,4,马增辉2,张 露2,3,魏 静2,3,师晨迪2,3
(1.陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司,西安 710075;2.陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,西安 710075; 3.自然资源部 退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室,西安 710000;4.西安理工大学 水利水电学院,西安 710048)
容重0.028,质地0.75,pH 值0.016,电导率0.041,有机质0.303,全 氮 0.159,速 效 磷 0.159,有 效 钾 0.159,CR<0.1,符
合一致性检验;(2)村庄复垦前平均肥力指数为57.67,复 垦 后 最 高 肥 力 指 数 为 72.91,平 均 值 达 到 68.59,不 同 利 用 的
土壤性质在出生缺陷环境风险中的指示作用
Abstract : In order to study the indication effect of soil in environmental risk of birth defects , the data on neural tube defect (NTD) in Heshun County , Shanxi Province for 4 consecutive years were analyzed. The population distribution and disease spatial structure were considered , and Bayesian method was used to adjust the prevalence ratio of NTDs. The nonparametric statistic method was also used to systematically analyze the soil physiochemical properties and the environmental risk of birth defects , combined with analysis of process mechanisms of soil environment. The results show that mechanical composition , pH and cation exchange capacity ( CEC) , organic matter content and lime carbonate content in soils have significant correlation with the prevalence ratio of NTDs. The risk of NTDs significantly increases in areas with high content of sand grains in the soil , while it significantly decreases in areas with high content of clay particles or high CEC in the soil. In alkaline soils , the risk of NTDs significantly decreases in areas with high pH. Under the soil conditions favorable to the soil’s providing effective forms of heavy metals and rare earth elements , prevalence ratio of NTDs will significantly increase. The existing state and activity of chemicals in soils are more indicative than the total content of those chemicals. Key words : Bayesian method ; nonparametric statistic ; birth defects ; soil properties
土壤碱胁迫下杜梨高生长与矿质元素含量的关系
土壤碱胁迫下杜梨高生长与矿质元素含量的关系刘宁;王慧;姚延梼;李正诗【摘要】To investigate the effects of soil alkalization on growth performance and mineral nutrition of afforestation species preferred on saline-alkaline areas,one-year-old seedlings of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge were grown for 1 growth season under 7 artificial soil alkali stress treatments via adding NaOH solutions of different concentrations,which were 0,100,200,300,400,500 and 600 mmol/L respectively,to a total of 50 L each to each treatment.Soil pH and electric conductivity were monitored every month,while survival and height growth of seedlings and also mineral element contents (Cu,Mg,Zn,Fe) of their roots,stems and leaves were measured each month too.The results showed that at soil pH 10.16 by adding a NaOH solution of 600 mmol/L,survival of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge were relatively lower (about 60%),and relative height growth (RHG) and Fe content were significantly reduced than other treatments (pH9.08-10.06).Also at soil pH 10.16,root Cu content was significantly lower than stem and leaf and root Fe content was same as leaf,in contrary to the differences of Cu and Fe contents among different organs at soil pH9.08-10.06.Meanwhile,RHG of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge at soil pH 9.08-10.06 was positively related to root Cu and Fe contents,demonstrating the importance of root contents of these 2 mineral elements in growth of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge under soil alkalization.%为了解土壤碱化对杜梨苗期高生长和矿质营养的影响,本研究以1年生杜梨(Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge)幼苗为材料,在大田中通过逐级递增添加合计50L的不同浓度NaOH溶液设置了7个人工土壤碱胁迫处理(添加的NaOH浓度分别为0、100、200、300、400、500、600 mmol/L),于1个生长季内按月连续监测土壤pH和电导率,统计幼苗存活率和测量高生长,并测定根、茎、叶中铜、镁、锌、铁等4种矿质元素的含量.结果表明,添加600 mmol/L NaOH溶液处理下(pH=10.16)杜梨的存活率降至60%,相对高生长(RHG)显著低于其他6个处理(pH为9.08~10.06),整株全铁含量显著较少.在土壤pH为10.16时,杜梨幼苗根中铜含量显著少于茎、叶.此外,在pH为9.08~10.16的碱性土壤,杜梨RHG与根中铜、铁元素的含量呈显著的正相关.【期刊名称】《中南林业科技大学学报》【年(卷),期】2017(037)010【总页数】6页(P30-35)【关键词】土壤碱化;杜梨;相对高生长;矿质元素【作者】刘宁;王慧;姚延梼;李正诗【作者单位】山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801;山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801;山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801;山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S718.43土壤盐碱化是指土壤中可溶性盐分和交换性钠在一定的环境条件下,向土壤表层分散或聚集,使土壤理化性质发生变化,破坏土壤结构,导致土壤板结、通透性下降,从而影响植物的正常生长过程[1-4]。
华北平原典型区土壤肥力低下区识别及限制因子分析
华北平原典型区土壤肥力低下区识别及限制因子分析张贝尔;黄标;赵永存;孙维侠;胡文友;张晓光【摘要】To perform sustainable land use management, it is essential to predict accurately spatial distribution of soil fertility quality and identify problem areas in soil fertility quality. Based on the soil fertility quality data of a total of 99 samples of topsoil (0-20 cm) from Yucheng City, the sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) method was applied to a conditional stochastic simulation in this paper to quantitatively assess the uncertainty of spatial distribution prediction of soil fertility quality and identify problem areas in soil fertility quality. Results show that the southwestern and the central parts of Yucheng City are higher than the northern part, the northwestern and the southeastern parts in soil fertility quality. By making use of the relationship between soil fertility and crop yield, the threshold value for identifying problem areas in soil fertility quality is determined to be 0. 55. The soil quality indices of most parts of the city are beyond the value. Using this cutoff value and the spatial uncertainty assessment, only a total of 2 494 hm2 of land is identified as problem area. The main limiting factors are soil texture and low soil total phosphorus content in the northern part of the study area, soil salinization in the northwestern part, and low soil nutrient availability nutrient, soil salinization, poor soil texture and low soil total nitrogen content.%采用序贯高斯模拟方法对山东禹城市土壤质量指数的空间表征进行了评价,并深入分析了土壤肥力低下区的范围及其主要限制因子.结果表明,禹城市西南和中部土壤肥力质量指数较高,肥力质量较低的区域主要分布在该市北部、西北和东南三个区域.利用土壤肥力质量与产量的关系,确定禹城市土壤肥力低下的判定阈值为0.55,该市大部分区域土壤质量指数处于该阈值以上,仅在北部、西北和东南三个相对独立的区域共有2494 hm2的耕地土壤肥力低下的风险较高.该市北部肥力低下区的主要限制因子是土壤质地和全磷含量,西北部主要受土壤盐化限制,而东南部的土壤肥力低下区则受土壤速效养分低、土壤盐化、质地较差以及土壤全氮含量不足等多个限制因子影响.【期刊名称】《土壤学报》【年(卷),期】2012(049)005【总页数】9页(P841-849)【关键词】土壤质量评价;随机条件模拟;空间不确定性;华北平原【作者】张贝尔;黄标;赵永存;孙维侠;胡文友;张晓光【作者单位】中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049;中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S159土壤是农业生态系统的基础[1]。
土壤质量评价方法述评_王博文
土壤质量评价方法述评王博文,陈立新(东北林业大学林学院,150040,哈尔滨)摘要 为全面总结土壤质量评价方法的研究进展,从指数法、模型法及GIS 的参与等方面综述当前一些定量评价土壤质量的方法。
指数法计算方法较简单、实用;模型法具有较强的逻辑性和系统性;应用GIS 评价土壤质量客观且潜力大,对土壤进行时空动态监测以实现土壤持续经营管理。
在土壤质量评价工作中将定量与定性评价结合起来,选择适宜的土壤质量评价指标,不断完善现有的评价方法,发挥信息技术的优势,为合理开发利用土壤提供依据。
关键词 土壤质量;土壤质量指数;土壤质量模型;评价方法收稿日期:20050526 修回日期:20060110项目名称:国家自然科学基金项目 红松、落叶松土壤质量演变规律的研究 (30271070)第一作者简介:王博文(1980 ),女,硕士研究生。
主要研究方向:植物生理生态。
E mail:bobowb w@责任作者简介:陈立新(1962 ),女,副教授,博士,硕士生导师。
主要研究方向:森林土壤和林地土壤营养管理。
E mail:lxchen88@Review on methods of soil quality evaluationWang Bowen,Chen Lixin(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,150040,Harbin,China)Abstract In order to sum up the development of soil quality evaluation me thods completely,some quantitative evaluation methods within recent years were sum marized,including inde x method,model method,and method of Geographic Information System (GIS)and so on.Index method was relatively simple and practicable,and model method had obvious logicality and system.The evaluation method based on GIS was objective,and had greater potential capacity,and soil could be managed continuously with the dynamic monitoring method.In the future,to provide the basis for reasonable development and use of soil,the quantitative estimation and qualita tive estimation should be c ombined in appraise of soil quality,the feasible indexes of soil quality should be se lected,the existing appraised methods should be consummated constantly,and the predominance of information technique should be brought into play.Key words soil quality;index of soil quality;model of soil quality;evaluation methods 土壤质量是土壤在生态系统边界范围内维持作物生产能力,保持环境质量及促进动植物健康的能力[1]。
层次分析综合指数法的土壤重金属污染评价模型
0.3131 0.4111 0.2758
表6
k
1
土壤重金属污染等级评定问题第 3 层的计算结果
3 wk
k
0.332 6 0.240 3 0.666 6 0.092 5 3.053 6 3.018 3 3 3.002 6
CI k
0.026 8 0.009 2 0 0.001 3
Mathematical Model of Comprehensive Weighted Factors Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process for Evaluation Soil Heavy Metal Pollution
SU Ting, DONG Sheng-wei
用单因子污染综合指数法对土壤重金属污染进行评 价,其计算公式为: pi ci si ,其中 pi 为土壤污染物 i 的 环 境 质 量 指 数 ; ci 为 土 壤 污 染 物 i 的 实 测 值 , 单 位 是 mg/kg; si 为土壤污染物 i 的评价标准,单位是 mg/kg。对同 一区域的土壤污染评价采用综合指数法,其计算公式为
(Department of Science, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China) Abstract: In this paper, soil heavy metal pollution including the single factor index method, inside, the comprehensive index method, and to accumulate index method was evaluated respectively. Using the advantages of them, the heavy metal content in average, toxicity index, and coefficient of variation and correlation of four factors were selected to establish analytic hierarchy structure. By constructing the paired comparison matrix, soil heavy metal pollution comprehensive weights in these three methods were calculated. Degree sorting and evaluation were given by the comprehensive weight of soil heavy metal pollution. Key Words: heavy metal pollution; analytic hierarchy process; comprehensive weight; mathematical model 随着工业和农业生产活动的快速发展,土壤重金属污 染问题已严重影响资源的可持续发展,因此土壤重金属污 染的评价问题一直受到国内外学者的普遍关注