2012年12月考试真题

合集下载

2012年12月B级真题及答案-正确

2012年12月B级真题及答案-正确2012年12月高等学校英语应用能力考试B级真题Part I Listening Comprehension（15 minutes）Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections:This section is to test your ability to give proper responses. There are 5 recorded questions in it.After each question, there is a pause. Thequestions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you shoulddecide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D)given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example: You will hear:You will read: A) I’m not sure.B) You’re right.C) Yes, c ertainly. D) That’s interesting.From the question we learn that the speaker is asking the listener to leave a message. Therefore, C) Yes, certainly is the correct answer. You should mark C) on the Answer Sheet.〔A〕〔B〕〔C〕〔D〕Now the test will begin.1. A) Here it is. B) I’m sorry to say so.C) Coffee, please. D) See you next time.2. A) Take it easy. B) It’s over there.C) This way, please. D) That’s fine.3. A) Very good. B) Not yet.C) That’s nice. D) It’s far away.4. A) Take your time. B) Yes, here you are.C) Never mind. D) That’s too large.5. A) That’s important.B) No problem.C) Yes, very much. D) No, thanks.Section BDirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recordedquestion. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken two time. Whenyou hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you shouldmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.6. A) Get off the bus. B) Book a ticket.C) Take a taxi. D) Buy a newspaper.7. A) It is comfortable. B) It is far away.C) It is large. D) It is expensive.8. A) Help the man. B) Sell a product.C) Make a plan. D) Write a report.9. A) He has lost his key. B) He’ll repair the bicycle.C) The woman can use the bicycle. D) The woman should return the key.10.A) Go to a party. B) Stay at home.C) Stay for dinner. D) Go shopping.Section CDirections: In this section you will hear a recorded short passage. The passage is printed in the test paper, but with some words or phrases missing. Thepassage will be read three times. During the second reading, you arerequired to put the missing words or phrases on the Answer Sheet inorder of the numbered blanks according to what you hear. The thirdreading is for you to check your writing. Now the passage will begin.Hi, I’m Brian Smith. Now I’ll11 some ideas with you for using a kind of new software. The software is designed and made by our company. It can help you to 12 the average salary for your job type.The software can be found online. Whether you 13 a new job, or moving to another area, it can be a 14 tool to get the necessary information.I hope you will find the software helpful when you check out your salary. For more information, 15 to check us out online or email us.Part II Vocabulary & Structure (15minutes)Directions: This part is to test your ability to use words and phrases correctly to construct meaningful and grammatically correct sentences. It consists of2 sections.Section ADirections:There are 10 incomplete sentences here. You are required to complete each statement by deciding choosing the appropriate answer from the 4choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.16. Think over our proposal and let me know whether you agree _______ it.A) for B) in C) with D) at17. Could y ou please ________ w hy you can’t come to attend the meeting?A) explain B) understand C) give D) reach18.It is a fact ______ most deaths from lung cancer are caused by smoking.A) that B) how C) what D) which19.The manager’s reply ____ that he was not r eally interested in the project.A) offered B) showed C) advised D) described20.She didn’t tell the reason ___ she was absent from the important lecture.A) what B) which C) how D) why21. It was once a difficult time, but in the end everything ________ all right.A) turned out B) put up C) carried away D) gave in22. You can fly to London this evening ________ you don’t mind changing the flight in Paris.A) until B) if C) where D) before23. Food, clothing and shelter are the ________ needs for all of us.A) careful B) attractive C) strange D) basic24. I feel it is my responsibility ________ you of our decision.A) inform B) to inform C) informing D) informed25. The staff members were asked to arrive a few minutes earlier before the meeting ________ .A) will start B) starts C) started D) would startSection BDirections：There are also 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write the wordor words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26.They are now looking for a new way of (treat) the rare disease.27.I was (deep) ____ moved by what my boss had done for me.28.If you want to achieve your goal, you have to work (hard) than ever before.29.Our company has bought two pieces of (equip) for the lab.30.Up till now, he (work) ____ on software design for 10 years.31.They’re looking for an (experience) ______ manager to further improve the overseas business.32.The tour guide marked some places of interest on the map for us (visit) .33.I wonder whether there is any (different) _____ between these two projects.34.They didn’t follow the new rules (make) by the company.35.A water power station (build) in the area several years ago.Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill.You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as youare instructed.Task 1Directions:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statementthere are 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should make thecorrect choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center.So, you love the Internet. It's a great place to find information or go shopping. It’s fun, but do you spend a lot of time online? Experts say 6% of Internet users are Internet addicts (上瘾的人) ——they are always online. “Internet addicts are often young people,” says one expert, “and they usually have problems with family, friends, work, and school.”Go through the following check list. If you answer yes to all these questions, maybe you are an Internet addict.1.Do you spend a lot of time on the Internet? □Yes □No2.Do you think or talk about the Internet all the time? □Yes □No3.Are all your friends“Internet friends”? □Yes □No4.Is the Internet your only hobby? □Yes □No5.Do you ever miss appointments (约会) because you are online? □Yes □NoSo, what do you do if you think you are an addict? Go to an advice service.Where is it? On the Internet, of course！36. According to the first paragraph, people find the Interneta great place to .A) become addicted B) get informationC) make money D) do office work37. Those who are always online are called .A) Internet users B) Internet expertsC) Internet addicts D) Internet providers38. According to one expert, Internet addicts are often young people who usually .A)e njoy a lot of hobbiesB)suffer from poor healthC)have problems with life and workD)t ake thorough medical examinations39.If you want to find out whether you are an Internet addict, you are advised to .A)g o through the check list providedB)take a special training courseC)ask a friend about itD)g o to see a doctor40.This passage is mainly about ___ .A)t he use of the InternetB)the types of Internet addictsC)the advantages of the InternetD)the signs of an Internet addictTask 2Directions：This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.Things you should know about your library cardLibrary cardsCards are free to all library users.Cards are renewed annually.Your library card enables you to register at other public libraries across the city. ResponsibilityUsers are responsible for returning all materials borrowed on their card by the date due (到期的) and for any charges on items that are overdue, lost or damaged. ?Please report your lost card immediately. Items borrowed on the card are still your responsibility.Charges for lost or damaged materials are based on the cost and include handling fees.Renewals (续借)Most items can be renewed twice unless someone has requested them.There are no renewals on DVDs, videos, or CD-Roms.FinesBorrowing is free if materials are returned by the due date. If your materials are returned late, fines (罚款) are charged：—30 cents per day for most adult items—10 cents per day for most junior materials—$ 1 per day for adult DVDs—50 cents for junior DVDs41.According to the passage, the library card can be registered at __ .A) the library only in your neighborhoodB) other public libraries in the cityC) college libraries only D) all online libraries/doc/b03296648.html,ers are required to pay charges on items that are _______ .A) due B) renewed C)damaged D) borrowed43.If you have lost your library card, you __ .A)a re still responsible for the items borrowed on that cardB)have only to pay the cost of the items borrowedC)cannot get a new card from the same libraryD)d on’t need to pay the handling fees44.According to the passage, you can renew most of the items you borrowed .A) once only B) three timesC) twice at most D) as often as you like45.If you don’t return the materials by the due date you will be __ .A) charged one dollar per day B) requested to return the cardC ) informed by an email D) charged a fineTask 3Directions:Read the following passage. After reading it, you should complete the information by filling in the blanks marked 46 to 50 (in no more thanthree words) in the table below.The late-night bus is back! Beginning Thursday, September 30, late-night traffic service is back! Available to all community members, the three late-night bus lines provide service to most of the community. This safe, low cost and convenient traffic service can provide rides to and from work, movies, shopping, or for evening pastimes (娱乐消遣). Service operates on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday nights from 8:45 p. m. to 2：45 a. m. from September 30 to June 11, 2012, except for Oregon State University winter holiday. The last buses leave downtown starting at 1:45 a. m. Come on board!Get current information on traffic-related events at our website (网址) or call 541-766- 6998. Pick up the map and schedule on all buses, at Corvallis and Philomath City Halls, the public Library, the Oregon State University Bookstore, and Snell Hall.Late-night Bus ServiceTotal number of bus lines provided: 46Features of the service: safe, 47 , and convenientTime of service operation：Thursday, Friday and 48 nights, from September 30 to June11, 2012Time of last buses leaving downtown: at 49Way of contact: visit the website or call 50Task 4Directions：The following is a list of words used in Holidays Requisition Form ( 事、病假记录表). After reading it, you are required to find the itemsequivalent to ( 与…等同) those given in Chinese in the table below.Then you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets on theAnswer Sheet, numbered 51 through 55.A—Position J—Annual LeaveB—Department K—Leaving TimeC—Type of Leave L—Signature of EmployeeD—Sick Leave M—Checking ResultE—Private Affair Leave N—AgreeF—Reason for Leave O—DenyG—Attach Medical Record P—Approved byH—No Medical Record Q—RemarkI—Paid HolidayExamples:(Q)备注(G)附病例51.( )同意( )带薪假期52.( )请假事由( )审核结果53.( )部门( )请假时间54.( )职位( )请假类别55.( )病假( )年假Task 5Directions：Read the following passage. After reading i t,you are required to complete the answers that follow the questions (No. 56 to No. 60). Youshould write your answers (in no more than 3 words) on the AnswerSheet correspondingly.You can get free, fair and expert advice about making your home more energy efficient from your local Energy Saving Trust advice centre.As they are experts in energy saving, they will be able to advise you on which energy saving measures are most suitable to your home. Our experts:Have good knowledge of your area and understand the local housingconditions—for example, they can help you find out whether or not your house has cavity walls (空心墙).Can advise you on any grants(拨款)and offers that may be available to help towards the cost of re-structuring measures.Know your local labor market and so can recommend suitable qualified workers.·Have experience of helping people like you take effective energy saving actions, from the start of the process to the end.56.What advice is given by the Energy Saving Trust advice centre?Expert advice about making our home _________________________ .57.What measures can the experts in the centre propose?The measures that are ____________________ to your home.58.What else can the experts do for you?Give advice on the grants and offers towards the cost of _________ .59.Why can the experts recommend suitable qualified workers?Because they are familiar with your local____________________.60.What experience have the experts got?Helping people take effective____________________.Part IV Translation—English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: This part, numbered 61 to 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. Each of the four sentences (No.61 to No. 64) is followed byfour choices of suggested translation marked A) , B) , C) and D). Makethe best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Write your translation of the paragraph (No. 65) in the correspondingspace on the Translation/Composition Sheet.61.Customers from various countries are warmly welcome to establish and develop business contacts in China.A)在各国的中国客商都能适应当地的风俗习惯。

2012年12月英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

2012年12月英语四级真题及答案解析完整版Part I Writing【标准版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillNothing runs smoothly in our life. To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential. Life is like a Marathon. Many people can’t get to the terminal. This is not because they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake. They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting. Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking. After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough. Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.”By doing this, they surrender to their weak will. In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will. To be successful in one’s life, a strong will means that you kno w where you go and you will persist on the road you choose. Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute.【文章点评】本文属于话题类作文，只看题目“Nothing Succeeds without a strong will”考生会觉得比较抽象，难以下手。

2012年12月英语六级真题及答案(1)

2012年12月大学英语六级（CET-6）真题试卷Part III Liste ning Comprehe nsion (35 minu tes)Sectio n ADirecti ons: In this sect ion, you will hear 8 short conv ersati ons and 2 long con versati ons. At the end of each conv ersatio n, one or more questi ons will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A ) , B),C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She can count on the man for help. C) She can lend the man a sleep ing bag.B) She has other pla ns for this weeke nd. D) She has got camp ing gear for rent.12. A) The man should keep his words. C) Karen always supports her at work.B) She regrets asking the man for help. D) Karen can take her to the airport13. A) He can't afford to go traveling yet. C) He usually checks his brakes before a tripB) His trip to Hawaii was not enjo yable. D) His trip to Hawaii has used up all his mon ey.14. A) There was no thi ng left except some pie. C) The woma n is going to prepare the dinner.B) The man has to find something else to eat. D) Julie has been invited for dinner.15. A) Submit no more tha n three letters. C) Apply to three graduate schools.B) Present a new letter of referenee. D) Send Professor Smith a letter.16. A) He decli nes to join the garde ning club.B) He is a professi onal garde ner in tow n.C) He prefers to keep his garde ning skills to himself.D) He wishes to receive formal trai ning in garde ning.17. A) Sculpture is not a typical form of modern art.B) Moder n art cannot express people's true feeli ngs.C) The rece nt sculpture exhibit was not well orga ni zed.D) Many people do not appreciate moder n art.18. A) Bob does not have much cha nee to win. C) Bob cannot count on her vote.B) She will vote for ano ther can didate. D) She knows the right pers on for the positi onQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Poor man ageme nt of the hospital. C) Decisi ons made by the head tech nician.B) The health hazard at her work place. D) The outdated medical test ing procedures.20. A) Tran sfer her to ano ther departme nt. C) Cut dow n her workload.B) Repair the X-ray equipme nt. D) Allow her to go on leave for two mon ths.21 .A) They are virtually impossible to en force. C) Both of them have bee n subject to criticism.B) Neither is applicable to the woman's case. D) Their requirements may be difficult to meet.22. A) Organize a mass strike. C) Try to help her get it back.B) Compe nsate for her loss. D) Find her a better pay ing job.Questio ns 23 to 25 are based on the conv ersati on you have just heard.23. A) In giving con cessi ons. C) In stati ng your terms.B) In the con cludi ng part. D) In the preparatory phase.24. A) He behaves in a way con trary to his real inten ti on.B) He prese nts his argume nts in a straightforward way.C) He resp onds readily to the other party's proposals.D) He uses lots of gestures to help make his points clear.25. A) Both may fail when confronting experieneed rivals.B) The hon est type is more effective tha n the actor type.C) Both can succeed depe nding on the specific situati on.D) The actor type works better in tough n egotiatio ns.Sectio n BDirecti ons: In this sect ion, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the cen tre.Passage OneQuesti ons 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) The shape of the cubes used. C) The number of times of repeating the process.B) The size of the objects show n. D) The weight of the boxes moving across the stage.27. A) Boys enjoy playing with cubes more than girls.B) Girls tend to get excited more easily tha n boys.C) Girls seem to start reas oning earlier tha n boys.D) Boys pay more atte nti on to moving objects tha n girls.28. A) It is a breakthrough in the study of the n erve system.B) It may stimulate scie ntists to make further studies.C) Its result helps understand babies' language ability.D) Its findings are quite contrary to previous research.29. A) The two sides of their brain develop simultaneously. C) Their bones mature earlier. B) They are better able to adapt to the surroundings. D) They talk at an earlier age.Passage TwoQuesti ons 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) The new security plan for the municipal building.B) The bluepri nt for the developme nt of the city.C) The con troversy over the new office regulati ons.D) The city's general budget for the coming year.31 .A) Whether the security checks were really n ecessary.B) How to cope with the huge crowds of visitors to the muni cipal build ingC) Whether the security checks would create long queues at peak hours.D) How to train the n ewly recruited security guards.32. A) Irrelevant. B) Straightforward. C) Ridiculous. D) Confrontational.Passage ThreeQuesti ons 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He used to work as a miner in Nevada. C) He con siders himself a blessed man.B) He works hard to support his five kids. D) He once taught at a local high school34 .A) To be nearer to Zac's school. C) To cut their living expenses.B) To look after her gran dchildre n.D) To help with the household chores.35. A) Skeptical. B) Optimistic. C) Indifferent. D) Realistic.Sectio n CDirecti ons: In this sect ion, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for thefirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read forthe second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with theexact words you have just heard. For bla nks nu mbered from 44 to 46 you are requiredto fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact wordsyou have just heard or write dow n the mai n poi nts in your own words. Fin ally, whe nthe passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have writte n.Mountain climb ing is beco ming popular sport, but it is also a (36) _____ dan gerous one. People can fall; they may also become ill. One of the most com mon dan gers to climbers is altitude sick ness, which can affect eve n very (37) _ climbers.Altitude sick ness usually begi ns whe n a climber goes above 8 000 or 9 000 feet. The higher one climbs, the less oxyge n there is in the air. Whe n people don't get eno ugh oxyge n, they ofte n beg in to (38) _____ for air. They may also feel (39) ______ and light-headed. Besides these symptoms of altitude sick ness, others such as headache and (40) ______ may also occur. At heights of over 18000 feet, people may be climbi ng in a (41) ______ d az(恍惚).This state of mi nd can have an (42) _______ effect on their judgme nt.A few (43)_______ can help most climbers avoid altitude sickness. The first is not to go too high too fast. If you climb to 10 000 feet, stay at that height for a day or two. (44) _______ .Or if you do climb higher sooner, come back dow n to a lower height whe n you sleep. Also, drink ple nty of liquids and avoid tobacco and alcohol. (45) _______ . You breathe less whe n you sleep, so you get less oxyge n.The most important warning is this: if you have severe symptoms and they don't go away, go down!(46) _______ .in 【听力】Sectio n A11.M: I ' d like to go camping with you this weekend, but I don ' t have a sleeping bag.W: No problem. You can count on me to get one for you. My family has tons of camp ing gear. Q: What does the woma n mean?答案：She can lend the man a sleeping bag.【解析】这是一道较为简单的推理题，前提是考生需知道 camping gear 表示野餐用具，露营装备”由此可知，camping gear 包括sleeping bag 即女士能借给男士一个睡袋，此题的设置稍微绕了个小弯，为考生解题设置了一定难度。

2012月12月四级考试真题(第二套)作文及听力答案解析

2012年12月四级考试真题（第二套）作文及听力答案解析Part I WritingPart III Listening Comprehension Section A11. W: I just heard about a really beautiful park in theeast end of the town. There are a lot of rosesin bloom.M: Why don’t we walk over there and see for ourselves?Q: What will the speakers probably do? 11.【听前预测】选项描述的都是人的行为动作，由重复出现的to the park推测，本题可能考查去公园做某事。

【解析】选D)。

对话中女士说城市东头有一座漂亮的公园，很多玫瑰花正盛开，男士回答：“我们为什么不走过去欣赏一下呢”。

由此可知，男士和女士将去公园赏花，故答案为D)。

Why don’t we…?是提建议的常用句式。

12. M: My presentation is scheduled for 9:30tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. I hopeto see you there.W: Oh, sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9:00o’clock tomorrow.Q: What do we learn about the woman? 12.【听前预测】选项中的talk和presentation提示，对话与演讲有关。

选项均以She开头，结合She is going to meet the man推测，本题考查的是女士的情况，女士的话为听音重点。

【解析】选C)。

2012年12月英语四级真题及答案。

Doctoral degree 1,550 1,272 1,038 712 626 444 Master Master’’s degree Bachelor Bachelor’’s degree Some college, no degree High school diploma Less than high school degree 2012年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上，请在答题卡1上作答。

上作答。

Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled E ducation Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings of 2010). Please write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Education: A Worthy Investment Weekly earnings in 2010($) Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Education Pays Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Di rections: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), . For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco? Sugar Sugar poses poses enough enough health health health risks risks risks that that that it it it should should should be be be considered considered considered a a a controlled controlled controlled substance substance substance just just just like like like alcohol alcohol alcohol and and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). In In an an an opinion opinion opinion piece piece piece called called called ““The T oxic (毒性的) ) Truth Truth Truth About About About Sugar Sugar Sugar”” published published Feb.1 Feb.1 Feb.1 in in in Nature, Nature, Nature, Robert Robert “There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose (果糖) can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot kills — slowly.”Almost Almost everyone everyone everyone’’s s heard heard heard of of of —— or or personally personally personally experienced experienced experienced —— the the well-known well-known well-known sugar sugar sugar high, high, high, so so so perhaps perhaps perhaps the the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldn ’t come as a surprise. But it ’s doubtful that Americans will will look look look favorably favorably favorably upon upon upon regulating regulating regulating their their their favorite favorite favorite vice. vice. vice. W e W e’’re re a a a nation nation nation that that that’’s s sweet sweet sweet on on on sugar: sugar: sugar: the the the average average average U.S. U.S. adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons. To counter our consumption, the authors advocate taxing sugary foods and controlling sales to kids under 17. Already, Already, 17% 17% 17% of of of U.S. U.S. U.S. children children children and and and teens teens teens are are obese (肥胖), ), and and and across across across the the the world world world the the the sugar sugar intake (摄入) ) has has increased three times in the past 50 years. The increase has helped create a global obesity plague that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Linda Matzigkeit, a senior vice president at Children ’s Healthcare, said “We have to do something about this or our country is in danger. It ’s not good if your state has the second-highest obesity rate. Obese children turn into obese adults.”“There are good calories and bad calories, just as there are good fats and bad fats, good amino acids (氨基氨基酸) and bad amino acids,” Lustig, director of the Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health program at UCSF, said in a statement. “But sugar is toxic beyond its calories.” The food industry tries to imply that “a calorie is a calorie is a calorie,” says Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Rudd Center Center Center for for for Food Food Food Policy Policy Policy and and and Obesity Obesity Obesity at at at Y ale Y ale University. University. University. ““But But this this this and and and other other other research research research suggests suggests suggests there there there is is something different about sugar,” says Brownell. The UCSF report emphasizes the metabolic (新陈代谢新陈代谢) effects of sugar. Excess sugar can alter metabolism, raise blood pressure, affect the signaling of hormones and damage the liver — outcomes that sound suspiciously similar similar to to to what what what can can can happen happen happen after after after a a a person person person drinks drinks drinks too too too much much much alcohol. alcohol. alcohol. Schmidt, Schmidt, Schmidt, co-chair co-chair co-chair of of of UCSF UCSF UCSF’’s s Community Community Engagement and Health Policy program, noted on CNN: “When you think about it, this actually makes a lot of sense. Alcohol, after all, is simply made from sugar. Where does vodka come from? Sugar.”But there are also other areas of impact that researchers have investigated: the effect of sugar on the brain and and how how how liquid liquid liquid calories calories calories are are are interpreted interpreted interpreted differently differently differently by by by the the the body body body than than than solids. solids. solids. Research Research Research has has has suggested suggested suggested that that that sugar sugar activates the same reward pathways in the brain as traditional drugs of abuse like morphine or heroin. No one is claiming claiming the the the effect effect effect of of of sugar sugar sugar is is is quite quite quite that that that strong, strong, strong, but, but, but, says says says Brownell, Brownell, Brownell, ““it it helps helps helps confirm confirm confirm what what what people people people tell tell tell you you sometimes, that they hunger for sugar and have withdrawal symptoms when they stop eating it.”There There’’s also something particularly tricky about sugary drinks. “When calories come in liquids, the body doesn doesn’’t t feel feel feel as as as full,full,full,”” says says Brownell. Brownell. Brownell. ““People People are are are getting getting getting more more more of of of their their their calories calories calories than than than ever ever ever before before before from from from sugared sugared drinks.drinks.””Other Other countries, countries, countries, including including including France, France, France, Greece Greece Greece and and and Denmark, Denmark, Denmark, impose impose impose soda soda soda taxes, taxes, taxes, and and and the the the concept concept concept is is is being being considered in at least 20 U.S. cities and states. Last summer, Philadelphia came close to passing a 2-cents-per-ounce soda tax. The Rudd Center has been a strong advocate of a more modest 1-cent-per-punce tax. But But at at at least least least one one one study, study, study, from from from 2010, 2010, 2010, has has has raised raised raised doubts doubts doubts that that that soda soda soda taxes taxes taxes would would would result result result in in in significant significant significant weight weight weight loss: loss: apparently apparently people people people who who who are determined are determined to to eat eat eat —— and drink — unhealthily will will find find find ways ways ways to to to do do do it. it. it. Teens Teens Teens —— no surprise — are good at finding ways to get the things they can can’’t have, so state policies banning all sugar-sweetened drinks from public schools and providing only water, milk or 100% fruit juices haven ’t had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinking sugared drinks: the average teen consumes about 300 calories per day — that ’s nearly 15% of his daily calories — in sweetened drinks, and the food and drink industry is only too happy to feed this need. Ultimately, regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; sugar, for so many people, is love. A plate of cut-up vegetables just doesn ’t pack the same emotional a cupcake and not an 4. The food industry tries to relieve the public worry about sugar intake by suggesting that .5. According to Brownell, liquid sugar . 7. Regulating sugar will prove tricky because . its . snack-bars selling high sugar products be . 10. A gentle way to steer people away from sugar is to make inexpensive, low-sugar foods . American today have different eating habits than they had in the past. There is a wide (36) of food available. They have a broader (37) (38) than ever before. At the same time, Americans (39) Statistics show that the way people live (40) There are now growing numbers of people who live alone, (41) food. (44) . Moreover, Americans eat out nearly four times a week on It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume. (45) . This information not only tells us what people eating, but also tells us about the changes in attitudes and tastes. (46) . . Instead, You may not use any ofcenter.words in the bank more than once.47 at all. Seven of the 18 women who are 48 49 This role change is 50 52 51 a majority of jobs in the U.S., including 51.4 percent of managerial and professional 53 is more dramatic among younger people. Women 30 and under make more money, on 55 ended up caring for their children full-time while their wives are the the U.S. who 56 A) appealing I) occupations B) average J) occurring C) conflict K) positions D) currently L) primary E) elementary M) recession F) ensure N) regularly G) female O) unusual H) fill Try Try to to to imagine imagine imagine what what what it it it is is is like like like to to to live live live without without without electricity. electricity. electricity. It It It is is boring, 67 one one thing thing — no no television, television, television, on on on MP3 MP3 MP3 player, player, player, no no video games. And you feel 68 and disconnected as well — no computer, computer, no no no Internet, Internet, Internet, no no no mobile mobile mobile phone. phone. phone. Y ou Y ou can can can read read read books, books, books, of of course — 69 at at night night night you you you won won won’’t t have have have light, light, light, other other other than than than the the flicker (闪烁) ) of of of firewood. firewood. firewood. And And And about about about that that that firewood firewood — you you or or someone in your family had to 70 it during the day, taking you away from more 71 work or schooling, 67. [A] about [B] with [C] as [D] for 68. [A] lonely [B] tedious [C] ignored [D] tough 69. [A] so [B] but [C] since [D] if 70. [A] transfer [B] select [C] assemble [D] gather 71. [A] relative [B] massive [C] productive [D] extensive 72. [A] to [B] of [C] amid [D] under 73. [A] seeking out [B] giving up [C] throwing off [D] carrying away 74. [A] harmful [B] aggressive [C] visible [D] allergic 75. [A] although [B] whereas [C] while [D] because 76. [A]strength [B] power [C] source [D] force 77. [A] desperately [B] oddly [C] marvelously [D] vastly 78. [A] engage [B] insist [C] ensure [D] induce 79. [A] continent [B] location [C] territory [D] planet 80. [A] solemn [B] severe [C] compound [D] comparable 81. [A] that [B] which [C] those [D] ones 82. [A] Unless [B] Though [C] Until [D] Before 83. [A] global [B] fashionable [C] grand [D] famous 84. [A]commanded [B] withdrawn [C] offered [D] received 85. [A] solution [B] target [C] obstacle [D] retreat 86. [A] interrupts [B] affects and in more parts of the world, exposing you 72 danger. That same firewood is used to cook dinner, 73 smoke that can turn the air inside your home far more 74 than that breathed in an industrial city. You may lack access to modern drugs 75 the nearest hospital does not have continuous 76 to keep the medicine refrigerated. You are 77 poor — and the lack of electricity helps to 78 that you’ll stay that way. That is life for the 1.3 billion people around that 79 who lack access to the grid (电网电网). It is a 80 problem of the developing world and the countryside — more than 95% of 81 Without electricity are either in sub-Saharan Africa or developing Asia, and 84% live in rural areas. 82 it hasn hasn’’t gotten the attention that 83 problems like HIV/AIDS and water shortage have 84 in recent years, lack of power remains a major 85 to any progress in the world’s development. “Lacking Lacking access access access to to to electricity electricity 86 health, health, well-being well-being well-being and and and income,income,income,”” says says Fatih Fatih Fatih Birol, Birol, Birol, the the the chief chief economist of the International Energy Agency. “It It’’s a problem the world has to pay attention to.”[C] halts [D] suspends 87. David turned away and walked quickly down the street, s intellect 89. I read the book last week, but now it is 90. Hardly had John finished his introductory remark 91. If the reaction were to take place, 2012年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)参考答案作文范文Education Pay What is shown in the chart above is that those people with high degree earn more than those with lower. For example, staff with master’s degree receive a better payment than those with bachelor’s degree, according to a survey of the payment to the employee. These survey indicates that education degree does have a relationship with earnings, contrary to the recent theory of useless education. Recently, there is a heated discussion about the significance of the education. Some people hold a view view that that that higher higher higher education education education is is is useless useless useless since since since college college college education education education cannot cannot cannot mesh mesh mesh with with with the the the social social social needs. needs. Some think that higher education is indispensable if you want to go far in both your studies and life. Now that survey has proved which part is wiser. As for me, I definitely support the view that education is necessary for people’s life. Reading can not only make me survive well in this society with fierce competition but also help me make sense of life. I pursue for it for my whole life. 1-5 DCAAD 6-7 BC 8.hazards 9. tightened 10. comparatively easier to get 11-15 BADAA 16-20 DBBCA 21-25 DCDCA 26-30 BCDAC 31-35 DDBCB 36. selection 37. knowledge 38. vegetables 39. purchase 40. determines 41. single 42. responsible 43. rush 44. Partly as a result of this limited time, over half of all American homes now have microwave ovens 45. The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and keep accurate records 46. 46. Red Red Red meat, meat, meat, which which which used used used to to to be be be the the the most most most popular popular popular choice choice choice for for for dinner dinner dinner ,is ,is ,is no no no longer longer longer an an an American American favorite. 47. O 48. D 49. G 50. J 51. H 52. K 53. B 54. M 55. L 56. N 57-61 BCBDA 62-66 CABBC 67-71 DABDC 72-76 ACADB 77-81 ACDBC 82-86 BADCB 87. completely ignoring her presence 88. that separate him from other higher animals 89. nowhere to find 90. when he was interrupted by the audience 91. a tremendous amount of energy would be releasedPart III Listening ComprehensionBill says he’s not working so hard on his biology project.W: But he spends a lot of time in the lab, doesn’t he?Q: What does the woman imply about Bill? 15.M: I have to say i find the new smoking regulations too strict. W: Well, they are for everyone’s health. I have no complaints.Q: What are the speakers talking about? He’s tight up in meetings all morning.16.W: Jack asked me to drop off this report. M: I was hoping he brings it in himself, I need to talk with him about it. M: Well ,did you enjoy it? W: Yes, I enjoy it much more that I thought I would. M: Really? W: Yes, I don’t usually go to science fiction films.I don’t think they are much better than comics on film, if you know what I mean. M : Yes, sure.And a few years ago,they were certainly like that. But they’ve got a lot better now.at I really like. I never miss a good film set in middle ages. Oh, and W: Yes, and historical films, that’s whlove stories, I never miss one on TV. M: Fondly enough, I don’t like those kinds of films at all. But to come back to this one, I personally didn’t ly wasn’t as good as other science fiction films I’ve ever seen.think it was very good . It certainW: Wasn’t it?M: No, not at all. Oh, the effects were very good. W: Yes, I thought they were marvelous. Especially the battle in space, incredable. M: Yes, but I was going to say I thought the acting was terrible. W: Yes. I suppose Jason was too good to be true. And what was the name of the Baddy? M: Cargon? W: Yeah. Cargon was really evil, wasn’t he? But I suppose that’s what these films are all about—good triumphing over evil. And the characters have to be black and white. M: Well ,yes, but not always. Worth the well wasn’t like for example. Anyway, you enjoy the film. That’s the most important. W: Yes, I did. Thanks for taking me. Q: 19. What does the man say about the science fiction films? 20. What opinion did the speakers share about the film they just seen? 21. What to be learned about Jason and Cargon? Long Conversation 2 M: Can I ask you about your evening class? What class do you go to? W: Car maintance. M: What night of the week it on? 22. What does the woman say about her evening class? 23. Why did the wman want to attend to the class? 24.What do the people who attend the class do in the first part of the lesson? 25. What do we learn about participants in the class? Passageswishes and feelings ,she says, “ it’s very important to me to carry my own weight. I’m not comfortable in any ake. ”relationship where all I do is tThe difficult situation finally changed when Aaron moved recently. Pat’s children were with their father, so she took a picnik lunch to her friends new plays, then spend the day helping her unpack and get settled. “ I was so grateful, ” Aarons says, “ but I persuaded Pat to let me return the favour in my own way with season tickets to our little theater group. I think she’s beginning to recognize that she contributes as much to our friendship, but I do”26. What do we learn about Pat? 27. What draws Aaron and Pat together? 28. What does Aaron do to return Pat’s favor?29. What do we learn friendship from the passage? Passage 2 Sun School in the town of Ashbert in England is a day school for children age 10 to 18.It is based on the value of social equality between students and stuff, and has few rules.Sun School believes that the healthy growth of the child is more important than academic success. It offers a variety of lessons and activities for students to choose from. In free time for children to follow their own interests.Classes are small,and based on the individual needs of each child. The timetable is fixed.But democratically decided and students are expected to attend.The weekly school meeting is at the center of the way sun school is orgnized.It mix all the decisions that affect theschool,including rules, the timetable and accepting or rejecting new students and teachers.Participating in thease meetings gives children an understand of democratic decision making and helps them develops their skills of argument and persuasion.The most import advantage of the school meeting is that it shows the children that the school is really their’s.They have the right to decide on changes. And the school’s success or failure depends on their decisions and their behavior.Sun School employs no cooking or cleaning stuff,these jobs are done by students and teachers.Decorating and simple repairs are also done by students, it is believed that school truly belongs to who use it, they must take responsibility for its maintenance. 30. what value is Sun School based on? 31. what is characteristic of the school decision making processur program? 32. why does sun school ask the students to do the maintainance? Passage 3 Well, to continue, as i mentioned earlier, there is also research that demonstrates that individuals perform worse, not better on tasks when other people are there. R.W.Harburt did an interesting experiment. He had his 35. What does Roberts think as a better way to learn new things? habits than they had in the past. There is have a broader knowledge of nutrition, so they buy more fresh fruit before. At the same time, Americans purchase increasing quantities of sweets and sodas. show that the way people live determines growing numbers of people who live families. These changing life styles are responsible for the incresing number of people who must rush meals or 全国英语四级历年真题21 / 21 longer an American favorite. Instead, chicken, turkey, and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years. 。

2012年12月英语四级真题

2012年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy entitled How Will Our Life Go on without Internet. You should write at least 120wordsfollowing the outline given below in Chinese:1. 网络提供给了人们丰富多彩和便捷的生活2. 很多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行3. 你对网络依赖症的看法How Will Our Life Go on without Internet_________________________________________________________________________ __________________Part II Reading Comprehension (skimming and scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, completethe sentences with the information given in the passage.Time Off from Work Gains in ImportanceAmerican workers are saying they need a break. As their number of hours clocked on the job has crept higher, more time off has become a bigger priority. In the past few years, human resources experts say time off has consistently placed among the top three employee concerns, along with compensation and staffing levels, whereas it used to be farther down the list. In a poll taken online in November 2004, 39% of workers said if given the choice, they would choose time off over the equivalent in additional base salary. Of course, most of the 4,600 respondents are still opting for the bigger paycheck, but the desire for time off is up almost 20% from just three years ago when conducted a similar poll.The reasons for this shift are many and varied. Some have to do with the way a new generation is thinking about work, while others are driven by how companies are responding to recent economic pressures.A New GenerationThe results may in part represent the needs of a new breed of workers. The average American is working one month (160 hours) more each year than a generation ago. According to recruiting and human capital management expert John Sumser, younger workers work for meaning first and money second. He goes on to warn employers that these are the people who are the foundation for the next workforce and they may not buy the existing paradigm (范例). A study released in late 2004 by the New York-based Families and Work Institute concludes that the new brand of young workers is rejecting thework-centric style of their parents’ generation. The study, which examines changes in the workforce over the past 25 years, found that younger workers are more likely to be “family-centric” or “dual-centric” (with equal priorities on both career and family) rather than “work-centric” when compared to members of the Boomer Generation.September 11th and the End of the Roaring NinetiesThe impact of the terrorist attacks of September 11th cut across all age groups of the workforce. We collectively entered a new era, reevaluating life’s priorities and making changes in our attitude toward time spent at work versus hobbies and family. “I started looking at things completely differently. I’ve been far less willing to put in the 14-hour days necessary to get noticed and climb the corporate ladder,” said Tony Jackson, a 43-year-old employee of a New York City-based financial services company. “Frankly, I can’t see that changing.”Even before September 11th, some experts say the slow shift in worker attitudes was already underway due to the end of the roaring 1990’s, when hours were long and significant personal wealth was created. For those who fared well financially, some opted for careers of contract work where they could call more of the shots pertaining to (与……有关的) time off, or new occupations with greater personal rewards. For others, even if their bank accounts were not spilling over from America’s economic heyday (全盛时期), their own energy had been depleted due to unrelenting (毫不松懈的) years of work hours and high stress. They were ready for something less taxing.Families and Work Institute President and co-founder Ellen Galinsky agrees. She says the poll numbers show evidence of an increase in need for time off and a shift in thinking due to the fact that workers have been pushed to their limit in recent years. “This new generation of workers is at the edge of how long they can work. It just feels like too much. They are not slackers (懒虫); they just don’t want more,” says Galinsky.Monetary Needs Less Intense Due to Dual Income Households“We’ve decided we prefer to have more time to ourselves,” says Carol Kornhaber, a New England software programmer in her late twenties. Kornhaber and her husband are both working but have sought out jobs where they are not pressed to put in long hours. Instead, they have insisted upon eight-hour days and having enough vacation time to travel, a major interest they share. Financial pressures are eased by both of them working and keeping a careful watch on their expenses. “We are lucky in a lot of ways to have found bosses who understand our needs.”BurnoutTrying to squeeze more productivity out of workers may be nothing new, but it has become particularly acute in recent years. This has been due in large measure torecession-induced layoffs and other trends such as the rising cost of healthcare benefits. After a layoff, workers who remain behind are often asked to pick up most or even all the load of the people who were let go, requiring more and more hours at the office. As new corporate initiatives are planned, the inverse is also true. As Sumser observe s, “the additional workload, which runs across the economy from the office worker to the manufacturing line, seems to be a function of the cost of benefits. The regulations make it cheaper to add workload for existing employees than to hire new players.” T he Families and Work Institute reports that nearly one third of U.S. employees often or very often feel overworked or overwhelmed by how much work they have to do. Nearly three out of four report that they frequently dream about doing something different from their current job.Show Me the MoneyOverworked or not, the majority in the poll still chose to fatten their paycheck if given the choice. For many, it was a practical matter. Says Peggy Jones, an accountant in a Boston area business services company, “I already get three weeks a year that I can’t use up because I’m so busy. I’d definitely go for the extra money to pay some bills or make a big purchase I’ve been holding off on.” For Jones, the realities of running a household and saving up for college for her children simply need to take precedence over extra free time.Companies Are Already RespondingTo many human resources experts it is inevitable that, given the growing health of the economy and the upcoming population-driven labor shortages as the Boomer Generation moves into retirement, the pendulum of control in the employee-employer relationship will swing back to the employee side. That is expected to begin in just a few years. According to human resources expert, Larry Schumer, at , “since most companies succeed based on a motivated and capable workforce, they have offered and will continue to offermore paid flexibility, whether it be through tried and tested time-off programs or the next great idea.” Where will that new balance of employer versus employee needs lie? Time, or perhaps time off, surely will tell.1. Which of the following has been rising in importance in the past few years?A) Compensation. B) Time off. C) Right to vote. D) Staffing levels.2. According to the passage, we know that the Boomer Generation is concerned ________.A) about family and work equally B) more about workC) more about family D) about neither work nor family3. What can be inferred about Tony Jackson?A) He is 43 years old.B) He works in a financial services company.C) He has changed his life and work attitude.D) He spends 14 hours a day on his work.4. When did American workers gradually begin to change their attitudes towards work?A) After September 11. B) In November 2004.C) In late 2004. D) At the end of the roaring 1990’s.5. According to Ellen Galinsky, why did workers change their mind about work?A) They have been pushed to the limit of their working hours.B) They increased their need to enjoy life.C) They have more rights than before.D) They don’t want to work for a living.6. Carol Kornhaber and her husband don’t have too much financial pressure because ___________.A) they have parents who are richB) they don’t have children to feedC) they both have a high salaryD) they both have work and they are thrifty7. After a layoff, the employees who keep their jobs usually have to ___________.A) find another job in case they are firedB) do what their bosses tell them toC) work longer hours to avoid being firedD) do the work left by the laid-off workers8. According to , compared with three years ago, the desire for time off is up almost ________________________.9. According to the poll from , the majority of employees preferred to ________________________ if they had the choice.10. Larry Schumer said that most companies succeeded based on a motivated and capable __________________________.Part ⅢListening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2012年12月英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套)

2012年12月英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasing use of the mobile phone in people's life and then explain the consequences of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco?Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlled substance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).In an opinion piece called "The Toxic (毒性的) Truth About Sugar" published Feb. 1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt and Claire Brindis argue that it's wrong to consider sugar just "empty calories." They write: "There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose (果糖) can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot kills-slowly."Almost everyone's heard of-or personally experienced-the well-known sugar high, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldn't come as a surprise. But it's doubtfulthat Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice. We're a nation that's sweet on sugar: the average US adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons.To counter our consumption, the authors advocate taxing sugary foods and controlling sales to kids under 17. Already, 17% of US children and teens are obese (肥胖的), and across the world the sugar intake (摄入) has increased three times in the past 50 years. The increase has helped create a global obesity plague that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Linda Matzigkeit, a senior vice president at Children's Healthcare, said "We have to do something about this or our country is in danger. It's not good if your state has the second-highest obesity rate. Obese children turn into obese adults. ""There are good calories and bad calories, just as there are good fats and bad fats, good amino acids (氨基酸) and bad amino acids," Lustig, director of the Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health program at UCSF, said in a statement. "But sugar is toxic beyond its calories."The food industry tries to imply that "a calorie is a calorie," says Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University. "But this and other research suggests there is something different about sugar," says Brownell.The UCSF report emphasizes the metabolic (新陈代谢的) effects of sugar. Excess sugar can alter metabolism, raise blood pressure, affect the signaling of hormones and damage the liver-outcomes that sound suspiciously similar to what can happen after a person drinks too much alcohol. Schmidt, co-chair of UCSF's Community Engagement and Health Policy program, noted on CNN: "When you think about it, this actually makes a lot of sense. Alcohol, after all, is simply made from sugar. Where does vodka come from? Sugar. "But there are also other areas of impact that researchers have investigated: the effect of sugar on the brain and how liquid calories are interpreted differently by the body than solids. Research has suggested that sugar activates the same reward pathways in the brain as traditional drugs of abuse like morphine or heroin. No one is claiming the effect of sugar is quite that strong, but, says Brownell, "it helps confirm what people tell you sometimes, that they hunger for sugar and have withdrawal symptoms when they stop eating it."There's also something particularly tricky about sugary drinks. "When calories come in liquids, the body doesn't feel as full," says Brownell. "People are getting more of their calories than ever before from sugared drinks."Other countries, including France, Greece and Denmark, impose soda taxes, and the concept is being considered in at least 20 US cities and states. Last summer, Philadelphia came close to passing a 2-cents-per-ounce soda tax. The Rudd Center has been a strong advocate of a more modest 1-cent-per-ounce tax. But at least one study, from 2010, has raised doubts that soda taxes would result in significant weight loss: apparently people who are determined to eat- anddrink-unhealthily will find ways to do it. Teens-no surprise-are good at finding ways to get the things they can't have, so state policies banning all sugar-sweetened drinks from public schools and providing only water, milk or 100% fruit juices haven't had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinking sugared drinks: the average teen consumes about 300 calories per day-that's nearly 15% of his daily calories-in sweetened drinks, and the food and drink industry is only too happy to feed this need.Ultimately, regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; sugar, for so many people, is love. A plate of cut-up vegetables just doesn't pack the same emotional punch as a tin of home-made chocolate chip cookies (饼干), which is why I took my daughter out for a cupcake and not an apple as an after-school treat today. We don't do that regularly-it's the first time this school year, actually-and that's what made it special. As a society, could we ever reach the point where we'd think apples-not a cupcake-are something to get excited over? Says Brindis, one of the report's authors and director of UCSF's Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies: "We recognize that there are cultural and celebratory aspects of sugar. Changing these patterns is very complicated."For inroads (进展) to be made, say the authors in their statement, people have to be better educated about the hazards of sugar and agree that something's got to change:Many of the interventions (干预) that have reduced alcohol and tobacco consumption can be models for addressing the sugar problem, such as imposing special sales taxes, controlling access, and tightening licensing requirements on vending machine (自动售货机) and snack-bars that sell high sugar products in schools and workplaces."We're not talking prohibition," Schmidt said. "We're not advocating a major imposition of the government into people's lives. We're talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient, thereby moving people away from the concentrated dose. What we want is to actually increase people's choices by making foods that aren't loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题第一套(答案详解)

2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题第一套Part I Writing【标准版点评】这次四级作文出了图表题，可能让大家有些意外，但是四六级考察图表作文已经并不是第一次，早在2002年的时候就已经出现过，是图表+提纲的形式，图表反应的是大学生使用计算机的情况。

由于备考时大家只是关注近几年的题型，可能没有关注到以往考察过图表作文。

我们在备考作文的时候，一般会从以下几个方面着手准备，如何描述现象、如何分析原因、如何分析影响、如何给出解决措施、如何进行观点论战等。

其实，图表作文也是从这几个方面展开，只是将第一段的描述现象改为描述图表即可。

可见，无论是考察哪种作文题，我们都可以将它转化为我们熟悉的提纲式。

这次作文题目有两个版本。

题目都是Educational Pays（教育回报），一个版本的图表显示的是教育水平越高，收入越高，另一个版本的图表显示的是教育水平越高，失业率越低。

虽然图表描述的具体内容不同，但主题是一致的：教育是值得投资的。

写作思路也是一致的。

两篇范文都是采取三段式的描述方法。

第一段：描述图表。

先一句话引出图表总体内容The above bar chart clearly shows us … 然后具体描述现象We see that…。

最后用for instance引出一些具体数据来例证现象。

第二段：分析原因。

先写一个引出原因的句子，然后具体列举一到两个原因即可。

由于字数限制，原因不必列太多。

第三段：给出建议。

先是总结这个现象This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment.（教育值得投资）。

然后是建议国家增大教育投资，以及个人要努力学习。

这种三段式的写作模式容易掌握，在考场中比较实用，建议大家仿写。

【高分版点评】本次四级作文围绕着同一个话题，education pay（教育回报），出现了两个版本，一个是教育和失业率的关系，另一个是教育和收入的关系。

2012年12月四级考试真题及答案

Doctoral degree1,550 1,272 1,038712 626 444 Master ’s degreeBachelor ’s degreeSome college, no degreeHigh school diplomaLess than high school degree 2012年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(3) Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上，请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题(试卷第一套)

试卷一,目前最为准确的一套.Part I Writing (30 minutes)Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The MagicianThe revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginningWhen it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry, or any other industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and produce as if by magic an “incredible”new electronic gadget (小器具)in front of an amazed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and work with numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”. Mr Jobs, who died recently aged 56, spent his life packaging that magic into elegantly designed, easy-to-use products.The reaction to his death, with people leaving candles and flowers outside Apple stores and politicians singing praises on the internet, is proof that Mr Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker. He stood out in three ways-as a technologist, as a corporate (公司的)leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live. The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning.As a technologist, Mr Jobs was different because he was not an engineer-and that was his great strength. Instead he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics (美学), and in making advanced technology simple to use. He repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea-the mouse-driven computer, the digital music player, the smartphone, the tablet computer(平板电脑)-and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly. Rival firms competed with each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing, music, telecomsand the news business that were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers.Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy (嬉皮士), permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time. That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied. But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory (轨迹)of his life. His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse. The way in which Mr Jobs revived the failing company he had co-founded and turned it into the world’s biggest tech firm (bigger even than Bill Gates’s Microsoft, the company that had outsmarted Apple so dramatically in the 1980s), sounds like something from a Hollywood movie.But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr Jobs was the absolute loyalty he managed to inspire in customers. Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community, with Mr Jobs as its leader. And there was indeed a personal link. Apple’s products were designed to accord with the boss’s tastes and to meet his extremely high standards. Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it. His great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with computer technology, and make the resulting product feel personal. And that is what put Mr Jobs on the right side of history, as technological innovation (创新)has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.As our special report in this issue (printed before Mr Jobs’s death) explains, innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people’s homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do; consumer gadgets and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies’systems. Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses, government and the armed forces. Companies are employing in-house versions of Facebook and creating their own “app stores” to deliver software to employees. Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals. Meanwhile, the number of consumers hungryfor such gadgets continues to swell. Apple’s products are now being snapped up in Delhi and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas.Mr Jobs had a reputation as a control freak (怪人), and his critics complained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. Yet he also empowered millions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology. His insistence on putting users first, and focusing on elegance and simplicity, has become deep-rooted in his own company, and is spreading to rival firms too. It is no longer just at Apple that designers ask: “What would Steve Jobs do?”The gap between Apple and other tech firms is now likely to narrow. This week’s announcement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring. Without Mr Jobs to shower his star dust on the event, it felt like just another product launch from just another technology firm. At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing the best job of following Apple’s lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle, there were several attacks at Apple. But by doing his best to imitate Mr Jobs, Mr Bezos also flattered (抬举)him. With Mr Jobs gone, Apple is just one of many technology firms trying to arouse his uncontrollable spirit in new products.Mr Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emit a “reality distortion (扭曲)field”, such were his powers of persuasion. But in the end he created a reality of his own, channeling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to “put a ding in the universe” did just that.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题与答案完整版

Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning)Universities Branch OutAs never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers,offering course of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的)research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America‘s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K.In the United States,20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in the summer internships (实习)abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least oneinternational study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai‘s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to t he lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world -class scientist and his U.S. team.As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施)and applications software of the 1990s.the link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research -university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003,but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.American politicians have great difficult recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago, in the wake ofSeptember 11,changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and the business leaders led to improvements in the process and reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation‘s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视)values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.1. From the first paragraph we know that present-day universities have become ________.A)more popularized than ever beforeB)in-service training organizationsC)a powerful force for global integrationD)more and more research-oriented2. Over the past decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased ________.A)at an annual rate of 8 percentB)at an annual rate of 3.9 percentC)by 800,000D)by 2.5 million3. In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born?A)38% B)10% C)30% D)20%4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?A)They give them chances for international study or internship.B)They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program.C)They offer them various courses in international politics.D)They organize a series of seminars on world economy.5. An example illustrating the general trend of universities ‘globalization is ________.A)Yale‘s establishing branch campuses throughout the worldB)Yale‘s student exchange program with E uropean institutionsC)Yale‘s helping Chinese universities to launch research projectsD)Yale‘s collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research.6. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A)It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company.B)It was intentionally created by Stanford University.C)It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up.D)It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.7. What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?A)It has increased by 3 percent.B)It doubled between 1998 and 2003.C)It has been unsteady for years.D)It has been more than sufficient.8. The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by ________.9. Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will ________.10. The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and ________.PartⅢ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）Section A11.A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.B) He has difficulty understanding the book.C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.12.A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.B) The man should buy a car of his own.C) The man needn't go shopping every week.D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.13.A) Get more food and drinks.B) Ask his friend to come over.C) Tidy up the place.D) Hold a party.14.A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday.B) He could change his schedule to meet John Smith.C) The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.D) The woman should contact John Smith first.15.A) He understands the woman's feelings.B) He has gone through a similar experience.C) The woman should have gone on the field trip.D) The teacher is just following the regulations.16.A) She will meet the man halfway.B) She will ask David to talk less.C) She is sorry the man will not come.D) She has to invite David to the party.17.A) Few students understand Prof. Johnson's lectures.B) Few students meet Prof. Jonson's requirements.C) Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring.D) Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class.18.A) Check their computer files.B) Make some computations.C) Study a computer program.D) Assemble a computer.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A) It allows him to make a lot of friends.B) It requires him to work long hours.C) It enables him to apply theory to practice.D) It helps him understand people better.20.A) It is intellectually challenging.B) It requires him to do washing-up all the time.C) It exposes him to oily smoke all day long.D) It demands physical endurance and patience.21.A) In a hospital.B) At a coffee shop.C) At a laundry.D) In a hotel.22.A) Getting along well with colleagues.B) Paying attention to every detail.C) Planning everything in advance.D) Knowing the needs of customers.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.A) The pocket money British children get.B) The annual inflation rate in Britain.C) The things British children spend money on.D) The rising cost of raising a child in Britain.24.A) It enables children to live better.B) It goes down during economic recession.C) It often rises higher than inflation.D) It has gone up 25% in the past decade.25.A) Save up for their future education.B) Pay for small personal things.C) Buy their own shoes and socks.D) Make donations when necessary. 来源:考试大-英语四级考试Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26.A) District managers.B) Regular customers.C) Sales directors.D) Senior clerks.27.A) The support provided by the regular clients.B) The initiative shown by the sales representatives.C) The urgency of implementing the company's plans.D) The important part played by district managers.28.A) Some of them were political-minded.B) Fifty percent of them were female.C) One third of them were senior managers.D) Most of them were rather conservative.29.A) He used too many quotations.B) He was not gender sensitive.C) He did not keep to the point.D) He spent too much time on details.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.A) State your problem to the head waiter.B) Demand a discount on the dishes ordered.C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly.D) Ask the name of the person waiting on you.31.A) You problem may not be understood correctly.B) You don't know if you are complaining at the right time.C) Your complaint may not reach the person in charge.D) You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting.32.A) Demand a prompt response.B) Provide all the details.C) Send it by express mail.D) Stick to the point.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.A) Fashion designerB) Architect.C) City planner.D) Engineer.34.A) Do some volunteer work.B) Get a well-paid part-time job.C) Work flexible hours.D) Go back to her previous post.35.A) Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy.B) It will add to the family's financial burden.C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.D) The children won't get along with a baby-sitter.Section CAlmost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more (36)______, less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and (37) ______ things out, more confident, resourceful (机敏的), persistent and (38) ______ than he will ever be again in his schooling – or, unless he is very (39) ______ and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention to and (40) ______ with the world and people around him, and without any school-type (41)______ instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and (42)______ than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the (43) ______ of language. He has discovered it – babies don't even know that language exists –and (44) ________________________________________________. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, (45) ________________________________________________ until it does work. And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, (46) ________________________________________________, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him.Part ⅣReading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.If our society ever needed a reading renaissance（复兴）, it's now. The National Endowment for the Arts released “Reading at Risk” last year, a study showing that adult reading47 have dropped 10 percentage points in the past decade, with the steepest drop among those 18 to 24. “Only one half of young people read a book of any kind in 2002. We set the bar almost on the ground. If you read one short story in a teen—ager magazine, that would have 48 ,” laments a director of research and analysis. He49 the loss of readers to the booming world of technology, which attracts would—be leisure readers to E—mail, IM chats, and video games and leaves them with no time to cope with a novel.“These new forms of media undoubtedly have some benefits,” says Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad Is Good for You.Video games50 problem—solving skills; TV shows promote mental gymnastics by 51 viewers to follow complex story lines. But books offer experience that can't be gained from these other sources, from52 vocabulary to stretching the imagination. “If they're not reading at all,” says Johnson, “that's a huge problem.”In fact, fewer kids are reading for pleasure. According to data53 last week from the National Center for Educational Statistic's long—term trend assessment, the number of 17—year—olds who reported never or hardly ever reading for fun54 from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004. At the same time, the55 of 17—year—olds who read daily dropped from 31 to 22.This slow but steady retreat from books has not yet taken a toll on reading ability. Scores for the nation's youth have56 constant over the past two decades with an encouraging upswing among 9—year—olds. But given the strong apparent correlation between pleasure reading and reading skills, this means poorly for the future.A. percentB. remainedC. roseD. ratesE. percentageF. countedG. relievedH. presentI. BelievingJ. releasedK. forcing L. improve M. Styles N. building O. attributesSection BPassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, alth ough it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae （or job history）, with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your n ame, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns.A）informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB）promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employmentC）divides available jobs into various typesD）informs employers of the people available for work58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because. A）there is a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB）there are so many top level jobs availableC）there are so many people out of workD）the job history is considered to be a work of art59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would.A）write an initial letter giving their life historyB）pass some exams before applying for a jobC）have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD）keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter.A）something that would distinguish one from other applicantsB）hinted information about the personality of the applicantC）one's advantages over others in applying for the jobD）an occasional trick with the aggressive approach61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because.A）there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB）there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesC）jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD）the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicatedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time,rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent—controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low—paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages. Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictio ns. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.62. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may.A）cause a shortage of apartmentsB）worry those who rent apartments as homesC）increase the profits of landlordsD）encourage landlords to invest in building apartment63. According to the critics, rent control.A）will always benefit those who rent apartmentsB）is unnecessaryC）will bring negative effects in the long runD）is necessary under all circumstances64. The problem of unemployment will arise.A）if the minimum wage is set too highB）if the minimum wage is set too lowC）if the workers are unskilledD）if the maximum wage is set65. The passage tells us.A）the relationship between supply and demandB）the possible results of government controlsC）the necessity of government controlD）the urgency of getting rid of government controls66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A）The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.B）Minimum wage can not always protect employees.C）Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.D）Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.Part ⅤCloze （15 minutes）Rumor is the most ___67___way of spreading stories—by passing them on from mouth___68___mouth. But civilized countries in normal times have better ___69___ of news than rumor. They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of stress and___70___, ___71___, rumor ___72__ and becomes widespread. At such ___73___ the different kinds of news are in___74___,the press, television, and radio versus the grapevine.Especially ___75___ rumors spread when war requires censorship(审查，检查) on many important matters. The customary news sources no longer ___76___ enough information. Since the people cannot learn ___77___ legitimate(合法的，正规的) channel s all ___78___ they are anxious to learn, they pick up “news”___79___they can and when this ___80___, rumor thrives.Rumors are often repeated ___81___ by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. The reason is ___82___the cleverly designed rumor gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims—the fears, suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to___83___directly. Pessimistic(悲观的) rumors about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are___84___and anxious. ___85___rumors about record production orpeace soon coming point to complacency(满足，自得) or confidence—and often to ___86___.67. A) primitive B) important C) impossible D) outstanding68. A) till B) to C) for D) by69. A) means B) ways C) sources D) resource70. A) confusion B) peace C) prosperity D) worried71. A) and B) however C) so D) therefore72. A) emerges B) immerge C) immerse D) immense73. A) time B) the times C) times D) the time74. A) compete B) competition C) common D)harmony75. A) do B) did C) are D) were76. A) give up B) give off C) give out D) send off77. A) through B) by C) in D) across78. A) what B) why C) which D) that79. A) wherever B) where C) whatever D) what80. A) happened B) would happen C) happens D) happen81. A) ever B) even C) forever D) much82. A) that B) what C) why D) how83. A) act B) voice C) behave D) do84. A) happy B) relieved C) crazy D) worried85. A) Bad B) Pessimistic C) Optimistic D) Good86. A) overconfidence B) overweight C) overconsiderate D) overproducePart ⅥTranslation （5 minutes）Direction:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that __________________________ (我都拿不定主意买哪一种).88. The light in the office is still on._________________________ (他忘记关了).89. His composition was so confusing that _____________________________ (我简直看不懂).90.As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like __________________________ (吃饭不消化).91._______________________ (他的回答是这样) that he didn’t say yes and he didn’t say no.。

2012年12月CET6试卷及答案

2012 年12 月大学英语六级考试试题Part I Writing 30 minutesDirections: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success bycommenting on Abraham Lincolns famous remark quotGive me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the firstfour sharpening the axe.quot You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Way toSuccess_____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension Skimming and Scanning 15 minutes Googles Plan for Worlds Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy In recent years teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books.So far Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half amillion volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear the company does not allowoutsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture Why is it even interested inall those out-of-print library booksmost of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades The company claims its motives areessentially public-spirited. Its overall mission after all is to quotorganize the worlds informationquot so it would be odd ifthat information did not include books. The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. quotThis really isnt about making money. We aredoing this for the good of society.quot As Santiago de la Mora head of Google Books for Europe puts it: quotBy making itpossible to search the millions of books that exist today we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge.quot Dan Clancy the chief architect of Google Books does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarilya philanthropic 慈善的exercise. quotGoogles core business is search and find so obviously what helps improveGoogles search engine is good for Googlequot he says. quotBut we have never built a spreadsheet 电子数据表outliningthe financial benefits of this and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the companys founders.quot It is easy talking to Clancy and his colleagues to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Googlesbook-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged ranging from rival techgiants such as Microsoft andAmazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broadterms these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google. First they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the worlds books shouldbe allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New Yor k Review of Books Robert Darntonthe head of Harvard Universitys library argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession ofus all – only public not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them. The second related criticism is that Googles scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led toGoogle becoming mired in 陷入a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce casein Charles Dickens Bleak House look straightforward. At its centre however is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books to whichGoogle has arguably paid insufficient attention is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ fromcountry to country but in general protection extends for the duration of an authors life and for a substantial periodafterwards thus allowing the authors heirs to benefit. In Britain and America this post-death period is 70 years.This means of course that almost all of the bookspublished in the 20th century are still under copyright – and thelast century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books inUS libraries for example an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these some 27 million are out of print. Outside the US Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the quotpublicdomainquot works such as the Bodleians first edition of Middlemarch which anyone canread for free on Google BooksSearch. But within the US the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. Inits defenceGoogle points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays arequotfair usequot. But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission ofcopyright holders Google has committed piracy. quotThe key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expresslygiven their permissionquot says Piers Blofeld of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. quotGoogle has reversed this –it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask.quot In 2005 the Authors Guild of America together with a group of US publishers launched a class action suit 集团诉讼againstGoogle that after more than two years of negotiation ended with an announcement last October thatGoogle and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are complicated - the text aloneruns to 385 pages– and trying to summarize it is no easy task. quotPart of the problem is that it is basicallyincomprehensiblequot says Blofeld one of the settlements most vocal British critics. Broadly the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it hasbreached including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works. In exchange for thisthe rights holders agree not to sue Google in future. This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploitits database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individuallyunder a consumer license. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlements most controversialaspect. Critics point out that by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database the settlement paves theway for a subtle shift in the companys role from provider of information to seller. quotGoogles business model hasalways been to provide information for free and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generatesquot pointsoutJames Grimmelman associate professor at New York Law School. Now he says because of the settlementsprovisions Google could become a significant force in bookselling. Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on quotorphanquot works where there is no known copyrightholder – these make up an estimated 5-10 of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement when no rightsholders come forward and register their interest in a work commercial control automatically reverts to Google.Google will be able to display up to 20 of orphan works for free include them in its subscription deals to librariesand sell them to individual buyers under the consumer license. It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted 执行– it is the subject of afairness hearing in theUS courts. But if it is enacted Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US areconcerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courtsaround the world. No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning theworlds library books and the truth as Gleick an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild pointsout is that the company probably doesnt even know itself. But what is certain is that in some way orother Googlesentrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.1. Google claims its plan for the worlds biggest online library is_____. A to serve the interest of the general public B to encourage reading around the world C to save out-of-print books in libraries D to promote its core business of searching2. According to Santiago de la Mora Googles book-scanning project will _____. A broaden humanitys intellectual horizons B help the broad masses of readers C revolution is the entire book industry D make full use of the power of its search engine3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the worlds books should be controlled by _____. A non-profit organizations B the worlds leading libraries C multinational companies D the worlds tech giants4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored _____. A the copyright of authors of out-of-print books B the copyright of the books it scanned C the interest of traditional booksellers D the differences ofin-print and out-of-print books5. Google defends its scanningin-copyright books by saying that _____. A it displays only a small part of their content B it is willing to compensate the copyright holders C making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyright D the online display of in-copyrightbooks is not for commercial use6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google A It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America. B It was settled after more than two years of negotiation. C It failed to protect the interests of American publishers. D It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended A The compensation for copyright holders. B The change in Googles business model. C Googles further exploitation of its database. D The commercial provisions of the settlement.8. While ___________ Google makes money by selling advertising.9. Books whose copyright holders are not known are called _________.10. Googles entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously _________ in the future.Part III Listening Comprehension 35 minutesSection A11. A Cancel the trip to prepare for the test. B Review his notes once he arrives in Chicago. C Listen to the recorded notes while driving. D Prepare for the test after the wedding.12. A The woman will help the man remember the lines. B The man lacks confidence in playing the part. C The man hopes to change his role in the play. D The woman will prompt the man during the show.13. A Preparations for an operation. B A complicated surgical case. C Arranging a bed fora patient. D Rescuing the womans uncle.14. A He is interested in improving his editing skills. B He is eager to be nominated the new editor. C He is sure to do a better job than Simon. D He is too busy to accept more responsibility.15. A He has left his position in the government. B He has already reached the retirement age. C He made a stupid decision at the cabinet meeting. D He has been successfully elected Prime Minister.16.A This years shuttle mission is a big step in space exploration.B The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.C The shuttle flight will be broadcast live worldwide.D The man is excited at the news of the shuttle flight.17. A At an auto rescue center. B At a car renting company. C At a suburban garage. D At a mountain camp.18. A He got his speakers fixed.B He went shopping with the woman.C He listened to some serious musicD He bought a stereo system.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A Providing aid to the disabled. B Printing labels for manufactured goods. C Promoting products for manufacturers. D Selling products made for left-handers.20. A Most of them are specially made for his shop. B All of them are manufactured in his own plant. C The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design. D About half of them are unavailable on the market.21. A Theyspecialize in one product only. B They have outlets throughout Britain. C They run chain stores in central London. D They sell by mail order only.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A It publishes magazines.B It sponsors trade fairs.C It runs sales promotion campaigns.D It is engaged in product design.23. A The ad specifications had not been given in detail. B The womans company madelast-minute changes. C The womans company failed to make payments in time. D Organizing the promotion was reallytime-consuming.24. A Extend the campaign to next year. B Cut the fee by half for this year. C Run another four-week campaign.D Give her a 10 percent discount.25. A Stop negotiating for the time being. B Calm down and make peace. C Reflect on their respective mistakes. D Improve their promotion plans.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A They look spotlessly clean throughout their lives. B They are looked after by animal-care organizations.C They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.D They are labeled pet animals by the researchers.27. A They may affect the results of experiments. B They may behave abnormally. C They may breed out of control. D They may cause damage to the environment.28. A When they become escapees. B Whenthey are no longer useful. C When they get too old. D When they become ill.29. A While launching animal protection campaigns they were trapping kitchen mice. B While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse they were killing pest mice. C While advocating freedom for animals they kept their pet mouse in a cage. D While calling for animal rights they allowed their kids to keep pet animals.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A They take it for granted. B They are crazy about it. C They contribute most to it.D They often find fault with it.31. A Heat and light. B Economic prosperity. C Historical continuity. D Tidal restlessness.32. A They find the city alien to them. B They are adventurers from all over the world. C They lack knowledge of the culture of the city. D They have difficulty surviving.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A A political debate. B A football game. C A documentary. D A murder mystery.34. A It enhances family relationships. B It is a sheer waste of time. C It helps broaden one’s horizons. D It is unhealthy for the viewers.35. A He watches TV programs only selectively. B He cant resist the temptation of TV either. C He doesnt like watching sports programs. D He is not a man who can keep his promise.SectionC In the past one of the biggest disadvantages of machines has been their inability to work on a micro-scale. Forexample doctors did not have devices allowing them to go inside the human body to 36 _____ health problems orto perform 37_____ surgery. Repair crews did not have a way of .。

2012年12月全国计算机一级Ms Office 考试真题

一、单选题1). 运算器（ALU）的功能是A.只能进行逻辑运算B.进行算术运算或逻辑运算C.只能进行算术运算D.做初等函数的计算2). 下列关于计算机病毒的叙述中，正确的是A.计算机病毒只感染.exe或.com文件B.计算机病毒可通过读写移动存储设备或通过Internet网络进行传播C.计算机病毒是通过电网进行传播的D.计算机病毒是由于程序中的逻辑错误造成的3). 配置Cache是为了解决A.内存与外存之间速度不匹配问题B.CPU与外存之间速度不匹配问题C.CPU与内存之间速度不匹配问题D.主机与外部设备之间速度不匹配问题4). 计算机硬件系统主要包括：中央处理器(CPU)、存储器和A.显示器和键盘B.打印机和键盘C.显示器和鼠标器D.输入/输出设备5). 下列叙述中，正确的是A.高级语言编写的程序的可移植性差B.机器语言就是汇编语言，无非是名称不同而已C.指令是由一串二进制数0、1组成的D.用机器语言编写的程序可读性好6). 一个字长为6位的无符号二进制数能表示的十进制数值范围是A.0～64B.0～63C.1～64D.1～637). 下列关于指令系统的描述，正确的是A.指令由操作码和控制码两部分组成B.指令的地址码部分可能是操作数，也可能是操作数的内存单元地址C.指令的地址码部分是不可缺少的D.指令的操作码部分描述了完成指令所需要的操作数类型8). 一个字符的标准ASCII码的长度是A.7 bitsB.8 bitsC.16 bitsD. 6 bits9). 动态RAM的特点是A.读出的内容会自动发生变化B.写入的内容会自动发生变化C.每隔一定时间，需要根据原有的存储内容刷新一遍D.不允许连续访问同一地址单元10). 下列说法正确的是A.进程是一段程序B.进程是一段程序的执行过程C.线程是一段子程序D.线程是多个进程的执行过程11). 下列各项中，正确的电子邮箱地址是A.L202@B.TT202#C.A112.256.23.812). 以.avi为扩展名的文件通常是A.文本文件B.音频信号文件C.图像文件D.视频信号文件13). 微机上广泛使用的Windows Xp是A.多用户多任务操作系统B.单用户多任务操作系统C.实时操作系统D.多用户分时操作系统14). 存储1024个24×24点阵的汉字字形码需要的字节数是A.720BB.72KBC.7000BD.7200B15). 显示器的分辨率为1024×768,若能同时显示256种颜色,则显示存储器的容量至少为A.192KBB.384KBC.768KBD.1536KB16).为了提高软件开发效率，开发软件时应尽量采用A.汇编语言B.机器语言C.指令系统D.高级语言17). 计算机网络最突出的优点是A.提高可靠性B.提高计算机的存储容量C.运算速度快D.实现资源共享和快速通信18). 计算机网络中传输介质传输速率的单位是bps,其含义是A.字节/秒B.字/秒C.字段/秒D.二进制位/秒19). 若要将计算机与局域网连接，至少需要具有的硬件是A.集线器B.网关C.网卡D.路由器20). 在计算机的硬件技术中,构成存储器的最小单位是A.字节(Byte)B.二进制位(bit)C.字(Word)D.双字（Double Word）二、Windows 基本操作题，不限制操作的方式注意：下面出现的“考生文件夹”均为K:\k31\15003226****** 本题型共有5小题 ******1．将考生文件夹下ABNQ文件夹中的XUESHI.C文件复制到考生文件夹中，文件命名为USER.C。

2012月12月六级考试真题(第二套)作文及听力答案解析

2012年12月六级考试真题（第二套）作文及听力答案解析Part I WritingSection A11. M: I’d like to go camping with you thisweekend, but I don’t have a sleeping bag.W: No problem. You can count on me to get one for you. My family has tons ofcamping gear.Q: What does the woman mean? 11.【听前预测】选项中的weekend，sleeping bag，campinggear等提示，对话可能与周末出去野营有关。

A)说的是她可以找男士帮忙，C)说的是她可以帮男士，两者意思相反，根据命题规律，A)或C)为答案的可能性大。

【解析】选C)。

对话中男士说很乐意周末跟女士去野营但没睡袋。

女士回答说没问题，男士可以找她要（You can count on me…），因为她家有很多野营用具。

由此可知，女士会借睡袋给男士，故答案为C)。

count on意为“依靠，指望”。

12. M: I know I promised to drive you to theairport next Thursday, but I’m afraidsomething has come up. They’ve called aspecial meeting at work.W: No big deal. Karen said she was available as a back-up.Q: What does the woman mean? 12.【听前预测】从A)和B)中的The man should，keep hiswords，She regrets，asking the man for help推测，对话可能与男士没有实现帮助女士的承诺有关，女士的话为听音重点。

2012年12月六级考试真题(3)

2012年12月六级考试真题(3)Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions:In this part,you will have15minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet1.For questions1–7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].For questions8–10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Thirst grows for living unpluggedMore people are taking breaks from the connected life amid the stillness and quiet of retreats like the Jesuit Center in Wernersville,Pennsylvania.About a year ago,I flew to Singapore to join the writer Malcolm Gladwell,the fashion designer Marc Ecko and the graphic designer Stefan Sagmeister in addressing a group of advertising people on“Marketing to the Child of Tomorrow.”Soon after I arrived,the chief executive of the agency that had invited us took me aside.What he was most interested in,he began,was stillness and quiet.A few months later,I read an interview with the well-known cutting-edge designer Philippe Starck.What allowed him to remain so consistently ahead of the curve?“I never read any magazines or watch TV,”he said,perhaps with a little exaggeration.“Nor do I go to cocktail parties,dinners or anything like that.”He lived outside conventional ideas,he implied,because“I live alone mostly,in the middle of nowhere.”Around the same time,I noticed that those who part with$2,285a night to stay in a cliff-top room at the Post Ranch Inn in Big Sur,California,pay partly for the privilege of not having a TV in their rooms;the future of travel,I’m reliably told,lies in“black-hole resorts,”which charge high prices precisely because you can’t get online in their rooms.Has it really come to this?The more ways we have to connect,the more many of us seem desperate to unplug.Internet rescue camps in South Korea and China try to save kids addicted to the screen.Writer friends of mine pay good money to get the Freedom software that enables them to disable the very Internet connections that seemed so emancipating not long ago.Even Intel experimented in 2007with conferring four uninterrupted hours of quiet time(no phone or e-mail)every Tuesday morning on300engineers and managers.Workers were not allowed to use the phone or send e-mail, but simply had the chance to clear their heads and to hear themselves think.The average American spends at least eight and a half hours a day in front of a screen,Nicholas Carr notes in his book The Shallows.The average American teenager sends or receives75text messages a day,though one girl managed to handle an average of10,000every24hours for amonth.Since luxury is a function of scarcity,the children of tomorrow will long for nothing more than intervals of freedom from all the blinking machines,streaming videos and scrolling headlines that leave them feeling empty and too full all at once.The urgency of slowing down—to find the time and space to think—is nothing new,of course, and wiser souls have always reminded us that the more attention we pay to the moment,the less time and energy we have to place it in some larger context.“Distraction is the only thing that consoles us for our miseries,”the French philosopher Blaise Pascal wrote in the17th century,“and yet it is itself the greatest of our miseries.”He also famously remarked that all of man’s problems come from his inability to sit quietly in a room alone.When telegraphs and trains brought in the idea that convenience was more important than content,Henry David Thoreau reminded us that“the man whose horse trots(奔跑)a mile in a minute does not carry the most important messages.”Marshall McLuhan,who came closer than most to seeing what was coming,warned,“When things come at you very fast,naturally you lose touch with yourself.”We have more and more ways to communicate,but less and less to say.Partly because we are so busy communicating.And we are rushing to meet so many deadlines that we hardly register that what we need most are lifelines.So what to do?More and more people I know seem to be turning to yoga,or meditation(沉思), or tai chi(太极);these aren’t New Age fads(时尚的事物)so much as ways to connect with what could be called the wisdom of old age.Two friends of mine observe an“Internet sabbath(安息日)”every week,turning off their online connections from Friday night to Monday morning.Other friends take walks and“forget”their cellphones at home.A series of tests in recent years has shown,Mr.Carr points out,that after spending time in quiet rural settings,subjects“exhibit greater attentiveness,stronger memory and generally improved cognition.Their brains become both calmer and sharper.”More than that,empathy(同感，共鸣),as well as deep thought,depends(as neuroscientists like Antonio Damasio have found)on neural processes that are“inherently slow.”I turn to eccentric measures to try to keep my mind sober and ensure that I have time to do nothing at all(which is the only time when I can see what I should be doing the rest of the time).I have yet to use a cellphone and I have never Tweeted or entered Facebook.I try not to go online till my day’s writing is finished,and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan in part so I could more easily survive for long stretches entirely on foot.None of this is a matter of asceticism(苦行主义);it is just pure selfishness.Nothing makes me feel better than being in one place,absorbed in a book,a conversation,or music.It is actually something deeper than mere happiness:it is joy,which the monk(僧侣)David Steindl-Rast describes as“that kind of happiness that doesn’t depend on what happens.”It is vital,of course,to stay in touch with the world.But it is only by having some distance from the world that you can see it whole,and understand what you should be doing with it.For more than20years,therefore,I have been going several times a year—often for no longer than three days—to a Benedictine hermitage(修道院),40minutes down the road,as it happens,from the Post Ranch Inn.I don’t attend services when I am there,and I have never meditated,there or anywhere;I just take walks and read and lose myself in the stillness,recalling that it is only by stepping briefly away from my wife and bosses and friends that I will have anything useful to bring to them.The last time I was in the hermitage,three months ago,I happened to meet with a youngish-looking man with a3-year-old boy around his shoulders.“You’re Pico,aren’t you?”the man said,and introduced himself as Larry;we had met,I gathered,19years before,when he had been living in the hermitage as an assistant to one of the monks.“What are you doing now?”I asked.We smiled.No words were necessary.“I try to bring my kids here as often as I can,”he went on.The child of tomorrow,I realized, may actually be ahead of us,in terms of sensing not what is new,but what is essential.1.What is special about the Post Ranch Inn?[A]Its rooms are well furnished but dimly lit.[B]It makes guests feel like falling into a black hole.[C]There is no access to television in its rooms.[D]It provides all the luxuries its guests can think of.2.What does the author say the children of tomorrow will need most?[A]Convenience and comfort in everyday life.[B]Time away from all electronic gadgets.[C]More activities to fill in their leisure time.[D]Greater chances for individual development.3.What does the French philosopher Blaise Pascal say about distraction?[A]It leads us to lots of mistakes.[B]It renders us unable to concentrate.[C]It helps release our excess energy.[D]It is our greatest misery in life.4.According to Marshall McLuhan,what will happen if things come at us very fast?[A]We will not know what to do with our own lives.[B]We will be busy receiving and sending messages.[C]We will find it difficult to meet our deadlines.[D]We will not notice what is going on around us.5.What does the author say about yoga,meditation and tai chi?[A]They help people understand ancient wisdom.[B]They contribute to physical and mental health.[C]They are ways to communicate with nature.[D]They keep people from various distractions.6.What is neuroscientist Antonio Damasio’s finding?[A]Quiet rural settings contribute a lot to long life.[B]One’s brain becomes sharp when it is activated.[C]Eccentric measures are needed to keep one’s mind sober.[D]When people think deeply,their neural processes are slow.7.The author moved from Manhattan to rural Japan partly because he could.[A]stay away from the noise of the big city[B]live without modern transportation[C]enjoy the beautiful view of the countryside[D]practice asceticism in a local hermitage8.In order to see the world whole,the author thinks it necessary to___________________________.9.The author takes walks and reads and loses himself in the stillness of the hermitage so that he canbring his wife and bosses and friends___________________________.10.The youngish-looking man takes his little boy to the hermitage frequently so that when he growsup he will know___________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a short passage with5questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Please write your answers on Answer Sheet2.Questions47to51are based on the following passage.A key process in interpersonal interaction is that of social comparison,in that we evaluate ourselves in terms of how we compare to others.In particular,we engage in two types of comparison.First,we decide whether we are superior or inferior to others on certain dimensions, such as attractiveness,intelligence,popularity,etc.Here,the important aspect is to compare with an appropriate reference group.For example,modest joggers should not compare their performance with Olympic standard marathon(马拉松)runners.Second,we judge the extent to which we are the same as or different from others.At certain stages of life,especially adolescence,the pressure to be seen as similar to peers is immense.Thus,wearing the right brand of clothes or shoes may be of the utmost importance.We also need to know whether our thoughts,beliefs and ideas are in line with those of other people.This is part of the process of self-validation whereby we employ self-disclosures to seek support for our self-concept.People who do not have access to a good listener may not only be denied the opportunity to heighten their self-awareness,but they are also denied valuable feedback as to the validity and acceptability of their inner thoughts and feelings.By discussing these with others,we receive feedback as to whether these are experiences which others have as well,or whether they are less common.Furthermore,by gauging the reactions to our self-disclosures we learn what types are acceptable or unacceptable with particular peopleand in specific situations.On occasions it is the fear that certain disclosures may be unacceptable to family or friends that motivates an individual to seek professional help.Counsellors will be familiar with client statements such as:“I just couldn’t talk about this to my husband.”,“I really can’t let my mother know my true feelings.”Another aspect of social comparison in the counselling context relates to a technique known as normalising.This is the process whereby helpers provide reassurance to clients that what they are experiencing is not abnormal or atypical(非典型的)，but is a normal reaction shared by others when facing such circumstances.Patient disclosure,facilitated by the therapist,seems also to facilitate the process of normalising.47.To evaluate ourselves,the author thinks it important for us to compare ourselves with__________________________________.48.During adolescence,people generally feel an immense pressure to appear__________________________________.49.It is often difficult for people to heighten their self-awareness without__________________________________.50.What can people do if they find what they think or say unacceptable to family or friends?51.Counsellors often assure their clients that what they experience themselves is only__________________________________.Section BDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions52to56are based on the following passage.Amid all the job losses,there’s one category of worker that the economic disruption has been good for:nonhumans.From self-service checkout lines at the supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws and taught to carve up animal bodies in slaughter-houses,these ever-more-intelligent machines are now not just assisting workers but actually kicking them out of their jobs.Automation isn’t just affecting factory workers,either.Some law firms now use artificial intelligence software to scan and read mountains of legal documents,work that previously was performed by highly-paid human lawyers.“Robots continue to have an impact on blue-collar jobs,and white-collar jobs are under attack by microprocessors,”says economics professor Edward Leamer.The recession permanently wiped out2.5 million jobs.U.S.gross domestic product has climbed back to pre-recession levels,meaning we’reproducing as much as before,only with6%fewer workers.To be sure,robotics are not the only job killers out there,with outsourcing(外包)stealing far more jobs than automation.Jeff Burnstein,president of the Robotics Industry Association,argues that robots actually save U.S.jobs.His logic:companies that embrace automation might use fewer workers,but that’s still better than firing everyone and moving the work overseas.It’s not that robots are cheaper than humans,though often they are.It’s that they’re better.“In some cases the quality requirements are so exacting that even if you wanted to have a human do the job,you couldn’t,”Burnstein says.Same goes for surgeons,who’re using robotic systems to perform an ever-growing list of operations—not because the machines save money but because,thanks to the greater precision of robots,the patients recover in less time and have fewer complications,says Dr.Myriam Curet.Surgeons may survive the robot invasion,but others at the hospital might not be so lucky,as iRobot,maker of the Roomba,a robot vacuum cleaner,has been showing off Ava,which could be used as a messenger in a hospital.And once you’re home,recovering,Ava could let you talk to your doctor,so there’s no need to send someone to your house.That“mobile telepresence”could be useful at the office.If you’re away on a trip,you can still attend a meeting.Just connect via videoconferencing software,so your face appears on Ava’s screen.Is any job safe?I was hoping to say“journalist,”but researchers are already developing software that can gather facts and write a news story.Which means that a few years from now,a robot could be writing this column.And who will read it?Well,there might be a lot of us hanging around with lots of free time on our hands.52.What do we learn from the first few paragraphs?[A]The over-use of robots has done damage to American economy.[B]It is hard for robots to replace humans in highly professional work.[C]Artificial intelligence is key to future technological innovations.[D]The robotic industry has benefited from the economic recession.53.What caused the greatest loss of jobs in America?[A]Using microprocessors extensively.[B]Moving production to other countries.[C]The bankruptcy of many companies.[D]The invasion of migrant workers.54.What does Jeff Burnstein say about robots?[A]They help companies to revive.[B]They are cheaper than humans.[C]They prevent job losses in a way.[D]They compete with human workers.55.Why are robotic systems replacing surgeons in more and more operations according to Dr.MyriamCuret?[A]They save lots of money for the patients.[B]They beat humans in precision.[C]They take less time to perform a surgery.[D]They make operations less painful.56.What does the author imply about robotics?[A]It will greatly enrich literary creation.[B]It will start a new technological revolution.[C]It will revolutionize scientific research.[D]It will be applied in any field imaginable.Passage TwoQuestions57to61are based on the following passage.You’ve now heard it so many times,you can probably repeat it in your sleep.President Obama will no doubt make the point publicly when he gets to Beijing:the Chinese need to consume more;they need—believe it or not—to become more like Americans,for the sake of the global economy.And it’s all true.But the other side of that equation is that the U.S.needs to save more.For the moment,American households actually are doing so.After the personal-savings rate dipped to zero in2005,the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets.In China,the household-savings rate exceeds20%.It is partly for policy reasons.As we’ve seen,wage earners are expected to care for not only their children but also their aging parents. And there is,to date,only the flimsiest(脆弱的)of publicly-funded health care and pension systems,which increases incentives for individuals to save while they are working.But China is a society that has long esteemed personal financial prudence(谨慎).There is no chance that will change anytime soon,even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending.Why does the U.S.need to learn a little frugality(节俭)?Because healthy savings rates are one ofthe surest indicators of a country’s long-term financial health.High savings lead,over time,to increased investment,which in turn generates productivity gains,innovation and job growth.In short, savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest.The ernment thus needs to act as well.By running constant deficits,it is dis-saving, even as households save more.Peter Orszag,Obama’s Budget Director,recently called the U.S. budget deficits unsustainable and he’s right.To date,the U.S.has seemed unable to see the consequences of spending so much more than is taken in.That needs to change.And though Hu Jintao and the rest of the Chinese leadership aren’t inclined to lecture visiting Presidents,he might gently hint that Beijing is getting a little nervous about the value of the dollar—which has fallen 15%since March,in large part because of increasing fears that America’s debt load is becoming unmanageable.That’s what happens when you’re the world’s biggest creditor:you get to drop hints like that, which would be enough by themselves to create international economic chaos if they were ever leaked.(Every time any official in Beijing deliberates publicly about seeking an alternative to the U.S.dollar for the$2.1trillion China holds in reserve,currency traders have a heart attack.)IfAmericans saved more and spent less,consistently over time,they wouldn’t have to worry about all that.57.How did the economic crisis affect Americans?[A]They had to tighten their belts.[B]Their bank savings rate dropped to zero.[C]Their leadership in the global economy was shaken.[D]They became concerned about China’s financial policy.58.What should be done to encourage Chinese people to consume?[A]Changing their traditional way of life.[B]Providing fewer incentives for saving.[C]Improving China’s social security system.[D]Cutting down the expenses on child-rearing.59.What does the author mean by saying‘‘savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest”(Line4,Para.4)?[A]The more one saves,the more returns one will reap.[B]A country’s economy hinges on its savings policy.[C]Those who keep saving will live an easy life in the end.[D]A healthy savings rate promotes economic prosperity.60.In what circumstances do currency traders become scared?[A]When Beijing allows its currency exchange rates to float.[B]When China starts to reduce its current foreign reserves.[C]When China talks about switching its dollar reserves to other currencies.[D]When Beijing mentions in public the huge debts America owes China.61.What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?[A]To urge the American government to cut deficits.[B]To encourage Chinese people to spend more.[C]To tell Americans not to worry about their economy.[D]To promote understanding between China and America.Part V Cloze(15minutes) Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D]on the right side of the paper.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.“My job is killing me.”Who among us hasn’t issued that complaint at least once?Now a new 62.[A]hold[B]strike[C]risk[D]tracestudy suggests that your dramatic complaint may 62some scientific truth.The20-year study,by researchers at Tel Aviv University,63to examine the relationship between the workplace and a person’s risk of death. Researchers64820adults who had undergone a65physical exam at a health clinic in1988, and then interviewed them66detail about their workplace conditions—asking how nice their colleagues were,whether their boss was supportive and how much67they had in their position.The participants68in age from25to65at the start of the study and worked in a varietyof69,including finance,health care, manufac-turing and insurance.The researchers70 the participants through their medical records:by the study’s conclusion in2008,53people had died —and they were significantly more likely than those who survived to report having a71work environment.People who reported having little or no72 support from their co-workers were2.4times more likely to die73the course of the study than those who said they had close,supportive74with their workmates.Interestingly,the risk of death was75only to people’s perceptions of their co-workers,not their bosses.People who reported negative relationships with their supervisors were76likely to die than others.The study was observational,77it could not determine whether toxic workplace environ-ments caused death,only that it was78 with the risk.But the findings add to the evidence 79having a supportive social network decreases stress and helps80good health.On the other hand,being exposed81chronic stress contributes to depression,ill health and death.63.[A]fought[B]submitted[C]sought[D]resorted64.[A]allied[B]arrayed[C]volunteered[D]recruited65.[A]routine[B]nominal[C]grave[D]drastic66.[A]beyond[B]in[C]by[D]over67.[A]autonomy[B]automation[C]audience[D]authenticity68.[A]consisted[B]contained[C]involved[D]ranged69.[A]facets[B]fields[C]districts[D]species70.[A]chased[B]pursued[C]tracked[D]trailed71.[A]cozy[B]fabulous[C]hostile[D]transparent72.[A]social[B]academic[C]physical[D]domestic73.[A]against[B]across[C]inside[D]during74.[A]pacts[B]bonds[C]unions[D]webs75.[A]added[B]adapted[C]tied[D]led76.[A]no more[B]far more[C]no less[D]far less77.[A]unless[B]while[C]or[D]so78.[A]constructed[B]correlated[C]collaborated[D]coordinated79.[A]how[B]when[C]that[D]why80.[A]elevate[B]inject[C]propel[D]foster81.[A]at[B]to[C]toward[D]underPart VI Translation(5minutes)Directions:Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Please write your translation on Answer Sheet2.82.__________________________(不管中国变得多么强大),it will constitute no threat to anyother country.83.Success in life does not depend so much on one’s school records__________________________(而是靠其勤奋和坚持).84.__________________________(他们要是此刻在这儿就好了),we would be able to celebratetheir wedding anniversary.85.In recent years,with his business booming,he__________________________(给慈善事业捐了大笔的钱).86.Without the atmosphere,we__________________________(将被迫寻找躲避太阳的藏身处),as there would be nothing to protect us from its deadly rays.。

2012年12月国家公共英语(五级)笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年12月国家公共英语（五级）笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. WritingSection I Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first answer the questions in your test booklet, not on the ANSWER SHEET. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you wiPart ADirections: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10.听力原文：Now, I’m going to talk about fiber. You’ve heard the advice million times before from our salon—eat more fiber. Now it’s time to really follow it. Fiber is so important to health that the US Food and Nutrition Board recently said the first recommended daily intakes. Men up to age 50 require 38 grams of fiber daily: women need 25 grams. Men and women over 50 should get 30 grams and 21 grams respectively. But why does the US Food and Nutrition Board issue the guidelines now? Because the research on fiber keeps piling up. Studies show that certain fibers lower blood pressure and normalize blood sugar, and of course, help with regularity. Since fiber slows digestion and makes you feel full, it may be the ticket to slim down. As for cancer, the jury is still out on fiber’s role in protecting colon, but eating more fiber-rich foods won’t hurt. Of course, the best way to get your fiber is to eat whole foods, such as vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts and seeds. But how much do you need to meet recommended levels? According to Doctor Anderson’s research, it will take a minimum of 6 servings of fruits and veggies and 3 servings of whole grains daily to reach the recommendations. If you fall below that lofty goal, he says, you are a good candidate for a fiber supplement. In particular, people with high blood pressure and high blood sugar can benefit from extra fiber. If people who took medicine to lower their blood sugar level, ate a fiber-rich diet and took a soluble fiber supplement daily, 1 quarter could go off their medication. That’s a pretty powerful statement. Just be sure to talk to your doctor before stopping any drug therapy. Selecting a fiber supplement from the dozens on the shelves seems like impossible task, but we can help you cut down your choices or we can provide you with alternative solutions. For example, you can just mix fiber-rich wholly serial with milk. But to lower your blood sugar level, reach for a soluble fiber supplement. As far as our research is concerned,there is no evidence that man-made fiber lowers blood pressure or blood sugar levels like other natural fiber products. To avoid common side-effect, such as gas, start with a low fiber dose and slowly walk your way up and insoluble fiber works well for people with irritable bowel syndrome, because it doesn’t cause gas. It will help with regularity but it won’t lower blood pressure or blood sugar like soluble fiber. For all fiber supplements, follow the package directions. You must take the majority of fiber products with a full glass of water. Start with a single dose and walk up to twice daily if needed. Fiber supplements won’t block absorption of most medications. But to be safe, we recommend taking fiber supplements either 2 hours before or after your medication, especially those feel heart or blood pressure. That’s all a-bout fiber. Do you have any questions?You will hear a talk by Prof Wilson, a health expert, on the importance of fiber in our daily diet. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk only once. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1 to 10.1．A．TUREB．FALSE正确答案：A2．A．TUREB．FALSE正确答案：A3．A．TUREB．FALSE正确答案：B4．A．TUREB．FALSE正确答案：A5．A．TUREB．FALSE正确答案：A6．A．TUREB．FALSE正确答案：B7．A．TUREB．FALSE正确答案：B8．A．TUREB．FALSE正确答案：B9．A．TUREB．FALSE正确答案：A10．A．TUREB．FALSE正确答案：BPart BDirections: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.听力原文：Hello, every one, and I’m so pleased that you’ve decided to tunein to our weekly program “Science around US”. Today, let’s look at a new idea of building a special greenhouse in Massachusetts. Green houses in cold climates need a lot of heating. This is expensive. Power stations produce a lot of hot air that is dumped to the atmosphere. This is wasteful. Doctor Berd Johnson, a researcher of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has connected these two facts and proposes to do something about them. He observes that power stations tend to be built far from cities and to be surrounded by wasteland. He suggests building greenhouses on this land and pumpingin the exhaust from the power station. Such greenhouses could be used to grow fruit, vegetables and flowers cheaply. Not only will the exhausts keep the plants warm, it might also fertilize them. Carbon dioxide, the results of burning fuel is, together with water and sunlight, the raw material of photosynthesis. More of it in the air makes plants grow faster. Dr. Johnson is working on the idea in collaboration with Cowpin cooperation, a power company based in San Jose California. Cowpin has a great delight in building pilot greenhouse. Next one of it is natural gas power generating plants, probably, the one in Dayton Massachusetts. The exhaust will be mixed with normal air to cool it from 130 degrees centigrade, the temperature at which it leaves the power station to about 20 degrees centigrade. The temperatures are preferred by tomatoes. Dr. Jonson wants to use a gas-burning rather than a coal or oil-burning plant because the exhaust produced by burning natural gas is free from sulfur dioxide, which plants hate. If this idea works, the term “greenhouse gas” may take on a whole new meaning. Electricity companies could soon be growing tomatoes as a sideline.11．Why does Dr. Johnson suggest building a greenhouse near a power station?A．It is convenient to get electricity.B．It helps to clean the air.C．The exhaust from the plant can be made use of.D．The wasteland around the station can be made use of.正确答案：C12．Which of the following can be used as fertilizer?A．Waste fuel from the power plant.B．Raw materials used to produce electricity.C．Waste water from the power plant.D．Carbon dioxide produced from burning fuel.正确答案：D13．Why does Dr. Johnson want to use a gas-burning plant?A．It generates more hot air.B．It produces more carbon dioxide.C．It does not dump sulfur dioxide into the air.D．It does not release pollutants into the air.正确答案：C听力原文：W: How did you become involved in fair trade?M: My degree was in ecology and I was a founder member of Friends of the Earth in Norridge. It was all green wally type things and great fun. While I was an education worker of the national history museum in London , a friend introduced me to fair trade, which aims to establish a better deal between the consumers and producers. I started offices for sales agent for tradecraft. Fair trade appeals to me because it combines theenvironmental and development movements.W: What do you think is the most important next steps in fair trade?M: We need to find out more about the consumers who should be buying fair trade products but aren’t. Discover what gets in the way. Fair trade in the UK is doing really well at the moment. Strong companies, like Twin and Equal Exchange, have become actively involved in the main strain and about half a million people regularly buy fair trade goods. But some people still hesitate, because they’re unsure of quality. Also we want to broaden the range of fair trade products available.W: What has been the highlight of your career in fair trade?M: There is one moment that exits in my mind. When I first joined the fair trade foundation, I visited a tea estate in India to talk to local people and workers. I came away thinking I could raise too many expectations and felt very foreign to them. However, when I returned there 2 years later, I emerged from the plantation gate to find a queue of local people who wanted to talk to me about other changes they hoped for. Two things about this were important. They saw that fair trade existed to improve their situation and they showed a level of trust. They could come to me with complaints, knowing it wouldn’t be counted against them.14．What was Mr. Wells doing when he learned about fair trade?A．Studying ecology.B．Working at a museum.C．Founding the friends of the Earth.D．Selling tradecraft products.正确答案：B15．What is the next task for fair trade?A．To carry out studies on consumers.B．To involve big companies in fair trade.C．To find out more about its existing market.D．To improve the quality of fair trade products.正确答案：A16．What did Mr. Wells find out about the local people on his second visit to the tea estate?A．They made complaints about fair trade.B．They began to have trust in fair trade.C．They became dependent on fair trade.D．They wanted to join the Fairtrade Foundation.正确答案：B听力原文：W: Many scientists support open-access in principle but winning jobs, grands, and tenure still requires publication in journals with established reputations.Can open-access journals, like PLoS, Biology both strap themselves into prominence?M: All the data show that open-access journals have higher citation rates than closed-access journals. That is the reason open-access journals will succeed. There may be a prestige lack, but the value from open-access will erase that quickly. PLoS has from the start published papers of importance far more than any other start of journal, again a measure of the value of open access.W: In September, the National Institute of Health proposed a new policy requiring all scientists who receive its funding to make their research results available to the public for free. Could it say the new policy, if adopted, could drive some journals out of business and that taxpayers will have to pay for a new open-access system. What’ s your response? M: Taxpayers are paying for the research. The question is how much researcher should have to pay to get access to the results. We believe that the costs of open access publishing will be far less overall than the existing system. The costs to everyone will, thus, be less and the spread of knowledge greater. W: Some worried that proprietary pressures are moving upstream to a certain ownership of data and researchers themselves rather than patterns and copyrights on the final research products. Did you share this concern? M: Absolutely. We’ve expanded intellectual property restrictions without any evidence of the good they will do, and this religion of expansion will cause substantial harm to researcher and comers. W: What’s the best solution?M: The best solution is that we give up religion in the context of intellectual property and rely upon evidence. No new regulation should be adopted unless the proponent can show with real evidence that the restriction will do more good than harm.17．What is special about open-access journals?A．A higher frequency of citation.B．A collection of valuable data.C．Hard-won prominence.D．Established reputation.正确答案：A18．What does the woman say is the possible result of the new policy?A．Some magazines may close down.B．It may provoke criticism from scientists.C．More funding will be offered to scientists.D．Research results will have to be published on a new system.正确答案：A19．What does Lessig think of the open-access system?A．Taxpayers have to pay as much as usual.B．The costs depend on the research results.C．The costs will be considerably reduced.D．Publishing will be made much easier.正确答案：C20．What does Lessig say should be done concerning intellectual property expansion?A．Revise regulations.B．Expand the restriction.C．Identify the harm.D．Make no new restrictions.正确答案：DPart CDirections: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE.You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30.听力原文：When people say that I invented the Donor’s Message Service or DMS that raises money for charity, it’s easy to get the wrong idea. The texting technology was already there, it was just my idea to use it in the new way. Premium rate short messages service or text messaging is used for buying a ring tones or voting via text. My idea was to use the same tool to get Czechs to give money to charity. Because of some historical reasons, we didn’t have much of a charitable tradition here. But last year, through sending DMSs, Czechs donated about 920, 000 pounds to dozens of different nonprofit groups. As far as I know, the Czech Republic is the only country in Europe where you can send a text message as a way of giving to charity. 7 years ago, when I was working at a non-profit organization concerned with corporate social responsibility, I attended a conference in Budapest on Africa. I wanted to visit a particular seminar, but it was full when I arrived, so I went into another room, not knowing the topic. It was a seminar on individual giving, and I almost left. At that time, there was almost no donating by individuals in my country. We in the non-profit sector have been focused on raising money from institutional foundations. But we had almost no experience with individual giving, and most of us thought it could never work here. As it turned out, in just one hour this seminar completely changed my thinking. The seminar leader, an American, asked us: “In the last two months, how many of you supported a charity?” Almost no one raised their hand. Then he asked why nobody had made a donation, no one had an answer. He turned a sheet on a flip chart. It showed that 85% of people said they didn’t support a charity because they were never asked. This got me thinking of ways to make it really simple for Czechs to make donations. I wondered if we could collect donations via text messages, which is quick and easy and a new technology that young people will use. So I started to discuss this with the main wireless providers in the Czech Republic. They agreed to set up a single number to which people could send an SMS and make donations to a variety of charities, big and small. The mobile operators recognized it’s a win-win situation and agreed to take money only for operating costs. We set a very modestamount, 72 pence, which anyone can give. The program really took off in 2004, when a terrible storm hit the High Tatra mountains in Slovakia, which is a favorite holiday destination for Czechs. Trees were toppled everywhere, and Czechs really wanted to help. Some TV programs started putting out the name of a group that was doing recovery work, and explained how people could donate to them via DMS. Suddenly, people discovered the DMS, and in the end, the Czechs collected far more money than the Slovaks. When the program started, I guessed it would work if one million DMSs could be sent every year—that would mean one for every ten people in the Czech Republic. Last year, Czech sent 1. 5 million DMSs, so it’s a big success. Now we’re talking with groups in other European countries about setting up similar programs. My formal education had been in teacher training, and in the 1990s, I got involved with groups that were working to modernize Czech schools and teaching methods. For a time, I worked at the Czech Education Ministry, where I was in charge of European Structural Funds. Over the past ten years, I’ve been overseeing people and budgets, and I realized they needed to get proper training in management, so last year I enrolled in an executive MBA program. One of the most satisfying moments for me was when a friend who had a pub told me about a group of men who had come in. They were sitting at their table and drinking beer and talking about their wives and football. All of a sudden, someone said: “Let’s go. We’ll have a cigarette and send some DMSs. “ Five or six guys stood up and went outside and smoked their cigarettes, and then, just like in a hokey match, they did a countdown and hit “send” on their mobile phones all at once. They were sending the DMSs to help the victims of the Asian tsunami. I was really moved when I heard that story.You will hear a speech by Ivo Jupa, who made use of short message service to raise money for charity. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21 to 30 by writing no more than three words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the speech twice. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21 to 30.21．正确答案：a charitable tradition22．正确答案：A non-profit organization23．正确答案：institutional foundations24．正确答案：changed his thinking25．正确答案：0.8526．正确答案：win-win situation27．正确答案：favorite holiday destination28．正确答案：other European countries29．正确答案：European Structural Funds30．正确答案：Asian tsunamiSection II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Among the raft of books, articles, jokes, romantic comedies, self-help guides and other writings discussing marriage, some familiar ideas often crop up. Few appear more often than the 【C1】______that many old couples look alike. You have probably seen it before—two elderly people walking hand-in-hand down the street or sitting at a cafe, 【C2】______each other so strongly that they could be siblings. Do these couples actually look alike, and if【C3】______, what has caused them to develop this way? A study published in the March 2006 issue of Personality and Individual Differences may have the【C4】______. Twenty-two people, divided equally【C5】______male and female, 【C6】______in the study. They were asked to judge the looks, personalities and ages of 160 married couples. The participants viewed photographs of men and women separately and were【C7】______told who was married to【C8】______. The subjects consistently judged people who were married【C9】______being similar【C10】______appearance and personality. The researchers also found that couples who had been together longer appeared【C11】______similar. This result【C12】______itself may not seem surprising, but the study also offered some answers on【C13】______couples may look alike. To start, consider that life experiences can end up 【C14】______reflected physically. Someone 【C15】______is happy and smiles more will develop the facial muscles and wrinkles related to smiling. The years of experience of an elderly couple’s marriage, happy 【C16】______not, would then be reflected in their【C17】______. Genetic influences are【C18】______factor. A past study showed that genetically similar people have better marriages. Such families have【C19】______incidents of child abuse and a lower rate of miscarriages. People also appear to be more selfless【C20】______involved with genetically similar partners.31．【C1】正确答案：idea解析：上文有提示some familiar ideas often crop up，所以此空应填idea。

2012年12月英语四级完整版真题

2012年12月英语四级完整版真题:第二套Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Make phone calls to promote sales.B) Arrange business negotiations.C) Handle complaints from customers.D) Take orders over the phone.20. A) They had different business strategies.B) Customers often mistook one for the other.C) Conflicts between them could not be properly solved.D) Customers' questions could not be answered on the same day.21. A) They each take a week.B) They like to spend it together.C) They have to take it by turns.D) They are given two weeks each.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) At a road crossing.B) Outside a police station.C)D) In front of a kindergarten.23. A) He drove too fast to read it.B) He did not notice it.C) It says 45 miles an hour.D) It is not clearly visible. 24. A) It should have been renewed two months ago.B) It actually belongs to somebody else.C) It is no longer valid.D) It is not genuine.25. A) He got a ticket.B) He was fined $35.C) He had his driver's license canceled.D) He had to do two weeks' community service.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26. A) They care more about an item's price than its use.B) They grab whatever they think is a good bargain.C) They become excited as if they had never been there.D) They behave as if their memories have failed totally.27. A) Those with a VIP card. C) Those needing assistance.B) Those with 15 items or less. D) Those paying in cash.28. A) Go back and pick up more items. C) Change the items they have picked up.B) Take out some unwanted purchases. D) Calculate the total cost of the groceries.29. A) It calls for carefulness. C) It needs a good knowledge of math.B) It requires tolerance. D) It involves communication skills.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) A package of ideas formally presented.B) A short presentation clearly delivered.C) A natural and spontaneous style ot speech.D) A clever use of visual aids in presentation.31. A) The skillful use of gestures and facial expressions.B) Differences in style between writing and speaking.C) Different preferences of audiences.D) The importance of preparation.32. A) The differences between American and Asian cultures.B) The significance of cross-cultural communication.C) The increasing importance of public speaking.D) The key to becoming a good speaker.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) By comparing his performance with others'.B) By being repeatedly .C) By observing what their teachers do. D) By being given constant praise.34. A) The best students are usually smart by nature.B) It is only natural for children to make errors.C) Children cannot detect their own mistakes.D) All children should have equal opportunities.35. A) It is favorable to knowledge accumulation.B) It is beneficial to independent children.C) It is unhealthy to students' upbringing.D) It is unhelpful to students' learning.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.I've worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer since I graduated from high school. but making the transition（转变）between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier. For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be uncivilized, getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is torture. My friends never seem to understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.There're few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world. People my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine 1 ran in the plant, which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward .The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job欢迎下载 2could disappear overnight. Issues like downsizing（裁员）and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.After working 12-hour shifts in a factory, the other options have become only too clear. When I'm back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale now ring true.These lessons I'm learning, however valuable, are always tinged（带有）with a sense of guilt. Many people pass their lives in the places I briefly work, spending 30 years where I spend only two months at a time. "This job pays well, but it's hell on the body," said one co-worker. "Study hard and keep reading," she added.My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.57. How did the author look back on his summer days while at college?A) They brought him nothing but torture.B) They were no holiday for him at all.C) They were a relief from his hard work at school.D) They offered him a chance to know more people.58. What does the author say about college students?A) They expect too much from the real world.B) They have little interest in blue-collar life.C) They think too highly of themselves. D) They are confident of their future.59. What, according to the author, is most frustrating for blue-collar workers?A) They do not get decent pay.B) They do not have job security.C) They have to work 12-hour shifts.D) They have to move from place to place.60. In what important way has the author's work experience changed him?A) He learned to be more practical.B) He acquired a sense of urgency.C) He came to respect blue-collar workers.D) He came to appreciate his college education61. Why does the author feel somewhat guilty?A) He realizes there is a great divide between his life and that of blue-collar workers.B) He looks down upon the mechanical work at the assembly line.C) He has not done much to help his co-workers at the factory.D) He has stayed at school just for the purpose of escaping from the real world.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Are people suffering from gadget（小器具）overload? Are they欢迎下载 3exhausted by the consumer equivalent of the brain fatigue-information overload that is caused by constant updates of devices and online media?Underwriters Laboratories issued a report last week that found 48% of consumers "feel high-tech manufacturers bring new products to market faster than people need them."There are two possible explanations. The first, obvious one is that the pace of innovation（创新）is too fast for consumers. The second less obvious one is that, in fact, innovation is too slow. That is, the new offerings companies are pushing out the door every six months or so are me-too products or ones with just a couple of new features. Marketing schedules, not product innovation, are driving the corporate（公司的）train. Manufacturers in America valued "speed to market" more than in other countries, the report found.Sara Greenstein, Underwriters Laboratories' chief strategy officer, offered her interpretation of the survey results. "Innovation is too fast only if corners are cut."For the high-tech sector, there are a few other interesting findings. Consumers are less concerned about safety in high-tech products than categories like fresh and processed food. But their top safety concerns are emissions and wireless radio waves. Many people, it seems, are uneasy living in a thickening cloud of radio waves from mobile phone towers and the gadgets they communicate with.A finding that was a hit surprising is that to consumers, the inner parts of high-tech devices do apparently matter. Some 55% of consumers, according to the report, said they are "more concerned about where high-tech components come from than where the product was assembled."The report doesn't really say how that information would affect consumer buying decisions. It could be complicated. Manufacturing companies on average rely on more than 35 contract suppliers around the world to create a single product. That number would be higher for a laptop.But maybe some sort of supply-chain labeling showing where parts come from in a product? "We're working on it," Ms. Greenstein said.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2012年12月证券从业资格考试证券基础知识真题及答案（网络版）圣才学习网证券类（）提供证券从业资格考试网授保过班、网授精讲班、题库（在线考试），欢迎大家免费试听/试用！单选题1．中央政府债券发行的是国债。

2．证券的风险性是指证券收益的（），应该是选不确定性。

3．证券中，收入性证券比固定性证券（），应该是选风险大、收益高。

4．证券市场是（）直接交换的场所，选项有价格、资本、价值什么的，应该选价值。

5．证券市场根据品种结构，可分为（），应该选股票市场、债券市场．．．．．．6．交易所交易基金又称（），应选ETF。

7．所有境外投资者对单个上市公司A股的持股比例总和不超过该上市公司股份总数的（），答案是20%。

8．社会保障基金的资金来源，不包括（），选项有国有股减持、中央财政拨入资金、发行彩票80%上缴社保基金，还有劳动者或单位缴纳的社会保险费。

答案应该为最后一个。

9．（）不是证券市场的中介机构。

选项有证券公司、投资咨询业务、证协、还有一个忘了，选项应该是证协，因为它是自律性组织。

10．2007年8月，国家外汇管理局批复同意（）进行境内个人直接投资境外证券市场的试点。

答案是天津滨海新区。

11．公司发行1000万股，每股面值1元，发行价格每股5元，求每股代表（）。

选项有千万分之一、百万分之一、1元、10元。

12．股票持有人出席股东大会会议，应在召开5日前至股东大会闭幕时将（）交存于公司。

13．普通股票筹集的资金成为公司（）的基础。

14．向社会公开发行的股份达到公司股份总数的（）以上；超过人民币4亿元的，向社会公开发行股份的比例为10%以上。

应为25%。

15．附息债券的定义。

16．政府债券的特征不包括（），答案应选“流通性弱”。

17．以个人为发行对象的（），一般以吸收个人的小额储蓄资金为主，故有是被称为“储蓄债券”。

18．想四大国有商业银行定向发行的是（），答案应为“特别国债”。

19．Shibor是以（）家报价行的报价为基础。

答案应为16．20．证券公司借入期限在（）的次级债务为长期次级债务。

答案应为2年以上（含2年）。

21．公司债券的发行采取（），答案应为核准制。

22．欧洲债券、外国债券。

23．龙债券以（）为基准。

答案应为伦敦银行同业拆放利率。

24．香港把基金称为（），答案应为“单位信托基金”。

25．指数基金的投资非常分散，可以完全消除投资组合的（）。

答案为非系统风险。

26．股票指数证券，可以消除（），应为系统风险。

27．（）是一种既可以在场内、也可以在场外进行申购、赎回的基金。

答案为LOF。

28．公开披露的基金信息不包括（）。

29．独立衍生工具不包括（）。

30．考察金融衍生工具基本特征中的联动性定义。

31．按揭支持证券的基础产品是（）。

32．信用评级机构的描述。

33．证券发行市场的描述。

34．基金（股票）在（）发行，需要募集信息。

35．恒生指数是由（）编制。

36．公司分配当年税后利润时，应当提取利润的（）列入公司法定公积金。

37．对证券公司设立子公司的监管要求，不包括（）。

38．定向资产管理，客户的初始委托财产最少为（）。

39．IB制度起源于（）。

40．律师事务所，有（）名以上执业律师，其中（）名以上曾从事过证券法律业务。

41．《证券法》的核心。

42．（）是自我整改的一种处置措施。

多选题1．有一题貌似是关于有价证券与虚拟资本的关系，但忘了是单选还是多选。

2．有价证券的分类，分别选商品证券、货币证券、资本证券。

3．有关证券市场的基本功能，选项主要说筹资－投资功能里的内容。

4．忘了有一题是不是关于资本配置功能的。

跟证券交易一起考，有点混。

5．企业年金的投资范围。

6．证券市场产生的原因。

7．金融机构的高杠杆无法克服的先天缺陷，第29页有选项。

8．“国九条”中的内容。

9．中国证券市场的对外开放四选项。

10．按股东享有权利的不同，股票可分为（）。

11．股利政策的四个重要日期的描述，对错看书本。

12．股票的内在价值和市场价格之间的关系。

13．投资者对股市持观望态度时，市场交易量和股价的表现。

14．公司回购自己发行的股份所发生的事情。

15．境外上市外资股主要由（）等构成。

应为H、N、S股。

16．有、无限售条件股份，未、已上市流通股份的定义。

17．股权分置按是否在证交所上市交易，被分为（）。

18．储蓄国债（电子式）的描述。

19．欧洲债券的描述。

20．股票基金的投资目标侧重于追求（）。

21．（），投资者即可获得当期收入，又可得到资金的长期增值。

22．按投资理念的不同，可分为（）。

主动型、被动型基金。

23．基金份额持有人的义务。

24．市场交易的组织形态，根据交易合约的签订与实际交割之间的关系分为（）。

25．预计价格上涨的投机者会建立期货多头，反之则建立空头。

26．存托凭证一般代表（），答案为股票、债券。

27．证券发行市场是由（）构成。

28．我国主要的债券指数有（）。

29．可通过分散投资消除风险的是（），应为信用、经营、财务风险。

30．证券公司的内部控制，应渗透到（）等各个环节，确保不存在内部控制的空白或漏洞。

31．净资本基本计算公式32．证券公司净资本不符合规定标准，所采取的措施。

33．证券从业人员的禁止行为。

判断题1．增发是向特定投资者发行的。

答案应该是错。

2．证券的流动性可通过承兑、贴现、转让等方式实现。

题中貌似少了一项“到期兑付”。

3．证券市场的基本功能之一是资本决定价格。

应该是对的吧。

4．证券投资人可分为个人和机构。

5．中国证监会对全国证券市场进行集中、统一管理。

6．16世纪的安特卫普已经有股票的交易。

答案应该是国家债券。

7．20世纪90年代，金融创新使金融机构和金融业务的界限日益模糊。

应该是对的。

8．股票发行，投资者购买股票后即成为公司股东。

9．股票发行价格可以按票面金额，也可以超过票面金额，但不得低于票面金额。

10．无论公司是否盈利，必须要分红。

11．转增股本，发行在外的总股数增加。

12．股票的账面价值和清算价值相等。

13．普通股票股东在股份公司解散清算时，有权要求取得公司的剩余资产。

14．未完成股权分置改革的公司，按股份流通受限与否，都是未上市流通股份。

15．证交所根据政府部门的授权和有关规定，对上市公司实施一线监管。

16．政府担保的债券的定义。

17．贴现债券的定义。

18．债券和股票收益率相互影响。

19．地方政府债券按资金用途和偿还资金来源分类。

20．附认股权证的公司债券与可转换公司债券相同，债券形态什么的，答案应为错。

21．契约型基金通过基金章程来规范三方当事人的行为还是什么的，答案是错，因为契约型基金没有基金章程。

22．基金管理费应该向投资者收取。

23．基金资产估值的目的。

24．对于每日按照面值进行报价的货币市场基金，可以在基金合同中将收益分配的方式约定为红利再投资，并应当每日进行收益分配。

25．远期交易的定义。

26．看跌期权的描述。

27．目前，我国只有可转换债券。

28．有担保的存托凭证由基础证券发行人的承销商委托一家存券银行发行。

29．资产证券化可以改变发起人的资产结构。

30．上市公司非公开发行股票，发行对象均属于原前20名股东的，可以有上市公司自行销售。

31．中小企业板块运行所遵循的法律、法规和部门规章与主板市场相同。

32．中小企业最近两年连续亏损，实行退市风险警示。

33．交易系统通常由交易主机、交易大厅、参与者交易业务单元（沪）或交易席位（深）、报盘系统及相关的通信系统等组成。

34．无涨跌幅限制证券的大宗交易需在前收盘价的＋－20%或。

交易。

35．代办股份转让系统被称为“二板市场”，是。

36．中国证监会依据契约，对挂牌公司的信息披露行为进行监管、指导和督促。

37．修正股价平均数的定义。

38．上证180指数的描述。

39．中证全债指数的描述。

40．NASDAQ综合指数的描述。

41．证券公司子公司的设立，最近12个月各项风险控制指标持续符合规定标准。

42．投资建议服务内容包括投资的品种选择、投资组合以及理财规划建议等。

43．未担任董事职务的总经理不可以列席董事会会议。

44．证券公司经营证券经纪业务的，其净资本仅需人民币2000万元。

45．证券评级机构应当自取得证券评级业务许可之日起20日内，将其信用等级划分及定义、评级。

报证协备案。

46．财政部、中国证监会应当建立资产评估机构从事证券业务诚信档案。

47．《反洗钱法》的调整范围是境内金融机构。

48．中国证监会可以对上市公司的控股股东采取证券市场禁入的规定。

49．深交所临时停牌的临时报告的情形。

50．代办股份转让系统的定义。

51．《证券业从业人员执业行为准则》是由中国证监会颁布的。

基础知识试题及答案回忆1：证券服务机构的定义（单）包销的特点（多选）大宗交易部列入指数计算财政政策对股票价格的影响开股东大会10%以上股份股东优先股票的种类（全选）息票累计债券的定义赤字国债定义储蓄国债定义以企业形式发地方债券是中国特色shibor 又16家报价行为基础混合资本债券的四个特征（全选）熊猫债券可转换公司债券和可交换债券的区别（多）封闭基金期限的决定因素（多选）0与ETF相比 LOF 的特点（多选）美国科存托凭证的业务机构（选三个）核准制场外交易采用做市商相对法的定义（p124）债券收益（多选）设立子公司的条件一年净资产大于12亿证券交易所得组成（多选）基础知识试题及答案回忆2：金融衍生品分类问题龙债券、零息债券息票累积债券都搞清楚我国发行的国债类型股息红利的决定因素融资融券都用什么方式还资还券还有关于行权部分道琼斯指数28年之后采用简单算术平均法（我悲剧的选错了好像）还有什么状况交易所暂停或者终止上市交易价格优先指的是什么基金投资者都需要交什么费用基础知识试题及答案回忆3：因为连着考了基础知识和投资分析，详细地怎么问的记不得了。

1．证券的性质2．有价证券的分类3．证券市场的特征结构基本功能4．中投公司5．费城交易所6．股票要式证券7．股票参与性8．货币政策9．红筹股不属于外资股10．无限售条件股份11．凭证式债券，可记名挂失不能流通12．实物债券是重标准格式实物的债券13．政策性银行14．混合资本债券15．基金美国称共同基金16．基金的特点17．封闭式基金期限因素18．开放式封闭式的区别19．债券远期交易期限品种20．金融互换21．权证的分类（按权力分）22．承销（5000w）23．股票发行条件24．股票发行的定价方式25．中小板2个不变26．证券公司注册资本要求27．证券公司风险控制指标基础知识试题及答案回忆4：实物债券的表述非累积优先股票的特点只有在公司有盈利时才支付利息的公司债券利率互换申请融资融券的证券公司应具备的条件龙债券各国对股票基金投资比例限制的主要目的中国指数期货是标准化合约，最小变动单位。