Unit 3 Company Structure
Unit 1-business
In 1990
3. How large is the company? 1,000 employees, covers 75,000 square meters
Listening 1-Task 1
What’s your job? (not appropriate) Are you working at the moment? 4. Language Summary What line of work/ business are you in? Read aloud the following questions concerning company description. Which company are you working with?
and financial services with
organization
competition comes not only from domestic bank rivals like Barclays and Royal Bank of Scotland, but also from
other global leaders in the
manufacturing subsidiary of EADS, a European
aerospace company based in France. The the viable company first flyby-
produced commercially
wire
airliner,
the
in the fields of industry, energy,
transportation and health care. Its major competition comes from GE, Philips Electronics, etc.
新职业英语 视听说1 Unit 1
After studying this unit, you should be able to:
ask about and describe a company
describe and explain a company structure ask about and describe a job and its responsibilities understand and explain a company‟s operation
True
Could you give me a brief introduction to your business? ______________________________________________________
Listening 1-Task 1
3. Intensive Listening
7. interview n. 采访；面谈
She tried to cover up her nervousness as she waited for the interview . 等待面试时，她竭力掩盖自己紧张的情绪。
8. line of business 行业；业务范围
That firm, I suppose, is in the same line of business as ours. 我想那家公司应该是和我们同一行业的。
1. Warming-up Complete the crossword puzzle to form words that relate to departments in a company.
a
k
t n a n r s
全新版大学英语4综合教程Unit3完整ppt课件
1. Questions about your experience and your skills.
2. Questions about your interest in the job and knowledge about the company.
Text B • Information about Text • Assignment
.
Background Information
Who is Harvey Mackay ?
Harvey Mackay is the author of the New York Times, the bestsellers Swim With The Sharks Without Being Eaten
characters and activities showing these
characters
.
• 5. End by requesting an interview. Provide a phone number so the employer can contact you quickly. If you can be reached only at certain times, specify them.—— the third part of the letter.（ In China, application letter is given with resume, so we don’t have to write address and other means for contact）
Company Structure
access to information alone cannot motivate people to use that information on behalf of the organization. Organizations need to ensure that the information is used by managers and employees to accomplish the same goals.
Company Structure
Objectives: Talk about company structure Practise reading and listening for specific information
Look at the following diagrams. What kind of company structure do you think each one represents?
Page 11
Listening
Office-based staff: 在办公室工作的员工 Win-win-win situation ：三赢局面 Business unit: 事业单位（以各事业项目为单位的组织结构） Departmentalize: 按部门划分，部门化 Product life cycle:产品寿命周期 Project-oriented culture:项目型公司文化 Teleworker: 采用电子化办公方式的员工，在家办公的员工 Intranet: 内部网，局域网 Virtual project team: 虚拟项目小组（通过电子网络进行工 作沟通） Paperwork: 纸质文件 Hard copy:电子打印稿 Mobile personal information systems: 移动个人信息系统
公司的组织结构(英语)
The organizational structure of the company
The content of the company's organization
The company in the form of organizational structure
The content of the company's organization
The company in the form of organizational structure
The organizational structure with linear system（直线制组织结构） The structure with linear system is the oldest, the most simple form of organization. This structure is suitable for small businesses. It requires managers to all the questions the department to make decisions, so he must be a generalist. If the size of the company expanded, it increases the management level, or increases the working unit of each level.
Straight line - staff structure（直线——参谋组织 结构） With the expansion of the company, line manager in straight line organization task becomes more complex. He felt that if just rely on personal knowledge and time has been unable to solve heavy management tasks, needs the help of experts, staffers is the expert. In this way, created a so-called linear - staff organization. In a straight line, system structure, the staff of the staff manager's role is to provide effective management for line manager need advice, services, and help in a particular aspect.
Unit 3 Companies
3
7
Reading
Text & Vocabulary
lease vt. 租用；租借 e.g. He went to Toronto, where he leased an apartment. Synonym：rent
16
Reading
Text & Vocabulary
Freelance workers are designing the computers while demand is still low.
merger n. 合并
e.g. There has been a lot of talk about a merger with another leading bank.
13
Reading
Text & Vocabulary
Monorail owns no factories, warehouses or any other tangible assets.
That reliable workhorse of capitalism — the joint-stock company — looks surprisingly durable. But pressure on it is increasing.
workhorse n. 主力
e.g. For years the Apple II had been the workhorse in schools across America.
unit2职场英语textA原文及翻译
·A part-timeofficeholder who sits on and chairsthemain board of a company.
·Provides support and advice to a CEO.
·Thisposition usually entails fulfilling a similar function on a number of additional board committees, as well as being a political figurehead ofthecompany.
ExecutiveChairofBoard:
·A full-time officeholder who typically leads the board and also takes a hands-on role in the company’s day-to-day management.
·Help the CEO to oversee all the operational aspects involved in runningthecompany, which include project planning and development, delivery, retail and leasing, sales,market research and many other areas withintheirextensive scope.
Typically,thedominant person will bethepresident or the managing director of the corporation, and this executive may be made the chairperson of the board of directors--- who, together with a small executive or steering committee of the board of directors, will advise and approvetheactions of the president and the many vice-presidboard of director,chairmanand CEO?
Unit+2+Company+Structure
Unit TwoCompany StructureUnit GoalsTo describe and talk about company structureTo know your learning styleTo review vowelsTo review articlesTo write telephone messages and notesTo practice basic reading skill: reading for the main idea: topic sentence (1) Suggested Teaching PlanPart I Text APre-reading ActivitiesTeaching Tips1. Warmer: T asks Ss to look at the following pictures, and guides them to know about differentdepartments in a company and the responsibilities of each department. Then T divides the class into groups to discuss and answer the questions below.2. Mini Text: Ss scan the Mini Text and finish task 2 and 3 under the T‘s guidance. This can be alead-in part of reading Text A.3. Pre-reading Task: Ss fill in the summary by referring to the word tips. This task may give theSs an impression that Reading Text A will be related to the internal conflicts between different departments of a company. T can use this task to check if the Ss previewed Text A. Background InformationHere is a list of ten departments that can usually be found in a large company or business and their respective responsibilities:Answer KeyTask 11. Recruiting, training and looking after the benefits of the staff.2. Sales Department.3. Research & Development Department.4. Marketing Department.5. Finance Department.6. Administrative Department.Task 2a) campaign b) logistics c) welfare d) recruitment e) supervisor f) administrationMini Text:Language Points1. The marketing department looks after market research, product creation and advertisingcampaigns.look after: to be responsible for dealing with something 负责处理，料理e.g. I‘m leaving you here to look after the business until I get back. 在我回来之前，我让你来料理生意。
公司的组织结构(英语)
Supervisory body（监督机构）
The company's decision-making and management most concentrated in the hands of a few people, this is the need of improving the efficiency of company management. In order to prevent them from abusing their power, in violation of the law and the articles of association, damage the interests of the owners, owners and shareholders for their activities and the organization's business activities for inspection and supervision, the supervision institutions to carry out by the company.
Divisional system structure（事业部制组织结构）
Divisional system organization structure, which is under the headquarters of the company, set up several independent operating business units - division. These divisions, or product, or by region. Each division is responsible for the cost and profit of a profit center. Divisional system organization structure is similar to the straight line, staff structure, so the organization structure retained the linear part of staff system structure characteristics. However, there are essential differences between the two kinds of structure, the department was given more responsibility and authority, it is a relatively independent unit, linear structure internal staff system, on the other hand, there is no such units. In fact, each group tend to be more similar to a straight line, staff structure unit.
Section+A+中英文
Unit 1 Exploring the IT Industry1.2 Section A Company StructureTormarch is an IT company. It is involved in software development and sales; graphic and UI design; systems integration; hardware and supplies, office equipment leasing and sales; network technical advice and support services; and related product sales. Although it is a small, start-up IT company, it has the standard organization and departments of larger companies, including:Tormarch 是一家IT 公司。
从事软件开发和销售；图形和UI 设；系统集成；五金及用品、办公设备租赁及销售；网络技术咨询和支持服务；以及相关产品的销售。
虽然它是一家刚刚起步的小型IT 公司，但它拥有大公司的标准组织和部门，包括：1.Research & Development which conducts research, develops new products and improves the finished products. 研发部进行研究，开发新产品，改进成品。
2.Marketing & Sales which is responsible for advertising and market research and organizes all aspects of product sales. All products can be ordered on-line, and normally shipped within 12 hours. 市场营销部负责广告和市场调研，组织产品的销售。
英语习题答案Unit3
Unit Three Exercise KeyStudent’s BookCommunication Skills Making & Accepting an Apology*1. Listen to the conversation twice and fill in the blanks with the missing information.(Key to this exercise can be found in the listening script.)*2. Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks with the missing words.(Key to this exercise can be found in the listening script.)Listen to the conversation again and complete the questions in no more than three words.1) Two drivers.2) She has backed into t he man’s car.3) He might go to the insurance company for compensation (赔偿).*3. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions.1)Customer and the store clerk.2) The button of the new camera didn’t work.3) The man changed the camera.*4. Listen to the conversation twice and decide whether the statements are true or false.1) F (Over half-an-hour.) 2) T3) F (It was thoughtless of John not to call to tell his father that he would be late.)4) F (It’s not mentioned.)5) TListening Comprehension*1. Listen to the following questions and choose the best answer.1) B. 2) D. 3) B. 4) A. 5) A.*2. Listen to the following conversations and choose the best answer.1) B 2) D 3) C 4) D 5) D*3. Listen to the following short passage and then fill in the blanks with the missing words or phrases.1) special2) pocket money3) $20.004) perfect gift5) favorite pet6) wraps7) is looking forward to8) shoutsListen to the passage again and answer the questions.1)About $8.2) A spider.*4. Listen to the following passage and decide whether the statements are true or false.1) F (His printer worked, but the type began to go faint.)2) T3) F (The repairman advised the man to read the printer's directions and try the job himself.)4) F (He was happy but he was puzzled by his attitude.)5) T (They usually make more money on repairs if the people try to repair things themselvesfirst.)Text A*2. Answering Questions1) It was accidental. It was the first sock shop that caught his eye.2) Yes. ("Why I wished to buy only one pair is unimportant,.3) No more than seventeen years old.4) A. He came forward to offer help when he saw the writer enter the shop.B. He introduced the store as the finest place in the world to buy socks.C. He invited the writer to the rear of the shop and hauled down from the shelves box afterbox, to show how beautiful the socks were though he knew the customer only wantedone pair of socks.5) If he can keep up his enthusiasm and excitement day after day.6) He seemed different from most salesmen. He was enthusiastic and loved his job.7) A. In many shops the customer has to wait for someone to wait upon him.B. He is absorbed in deep thought in which he hates to be disturbed.C. He is enjoying his talk with a girl clerk.8) A. First they have hope and enthusiasm. B. They get bored and become mechanical andincompetent salesmen. C. They become sour when they see younger clerks promoted over them. D. Their usefulness is over.9) Teachers who have lost their enthusiasm.10) These teachers are dull. They go through the motions of teaching, but they are as impersonalas a telephone.Language Focus*1. Words1)intense2)stage.3)display4)contents5)be delighted6)entrance7)disturbing8)career9) failure10) observe★2. Phrases1)was over2) a note of3)as if4)keep up5)became absorbed in6)hold on to7)in amazement8)day after day9)wait on10) are interested in★3. Structure1) Mary will give Jack either a book or a CD for his birthday.2) You can have either tea or coffee.3) We can either fix dinner for the kids here or take them to a restaurant.4) According to the weather forecast, it will either snow or rain tonight.5) The president will either resign through poor health or he will die in office.6) John has either gone to the library or the computer lab.6 4. Word Formation1)pressure2)creatures.3)departure4)exposure5)mixture6)failure.★5.Translation1) A simple "thank you" displays a note of gratitude.2) They’re not really interested in their jobs so they spend all their time in deep thought abouttheir holiday.3) When John learned that young people were promoted over him, he came to the conclusionthat his usefulness was over.4) Day after day, many of us go to work and feel that our job is dull and mechanical.5) To my amazement, she walked past me as if she didn’t know me.6) It was to their delight that their daughter is absorbed in her studies.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.2)我并没有注意到这点，因为我走进此店纯属偶然。
Unit 1b (Company Structure)
10) entrepreneurial organization
企业家组织结构，创业型体制（指经 理人为公司所有者、经营管理均由其 个人组织协调、不受雇于他人的小公 司。此类公司机构单一，不存在多层 级管理，也称扁平化组织结构） 11) information age structure:信息时代 的组织结构 12) line workers: the workers under line management.
not
guarantee effective management? Access to information alone cannot motivate people to use that information on behalf of the organization. Organizations need to ensure that the information is used by managers and employees to accomplish the same goals.
2. How do hierarchical companies
ensure control of operating systems? Jobs are standardized and separated into sequential steps which are carried out under direct supervision. (Para.3) 3. How can entrepreneurial companies be responsive and retain control? There is daily personal interaction between the owner and employees. (Para.3)
新视野商务英语综合教程-Unit-2
The Marketing Department (市场 部) creates value for customers and b uilds strong customer relationships in order to get value from customers in return. Its job includes identifying target customers, clarifying customers’ needs, keeping track of the trends of a particular field, and developing product promotion and advertising activities.
in terms of the products or services it provides. 7. Target market—the target customers’ needs. Changes in the target market
may also cause changes in the company’s structure.
dFicfofeerrrteaaxinalomsttprfruloecm,tumrtehaantyofaf astbdigev-berlaonpdingrecsotamupraannti.es tend to be small and flexible 5.sToyptheaot fthbeuysicnaenssre—atchtetopcahrtaicnuglaersfiineltdhewhbiucshintheessbeunsivnireosnsmsepnetcqiauliizceksly.in. 6. Development strategy—how a company is going to position itself in the market
Unit 3 Company structure教学教材
Unit 3 Company structureOne of the most important tasks for the management of any organization employing more than a few people is to determine its organizational structure, and to change this when and where necessary. This unit contains a text which outlines the most common organizational systems and exercise which focuses on the potential conflicts among the different departments of a manufacturing organization, an example of an organization chart, and a critical look at the flexible organizational structure of an American computer company.1a DiscussionThis discussion activity follows on naturally from activity 3d in the previous unit, about managing companies or having more limited responsibilities in a particular department.1b Vocabulary1. Autonomous: C independent, able to take decisions without consulting a higher authority2. Decentralization: E dividing an organization into decision-making units that are not centrally controlled.3. Function: B a specific activity in a company, e.g. production, marketing, finance4. Hierarchy: A system of authority with different levels, one above the other.5. Line authority: F the power to give instructions to people at the level below in the chain of command6. Report to: G to be responsible to someone and to take instructions from him or her7. Subordinates: D people working under someone else in a hierarchy1c ReadingThe text summarizes the most common ways in which companies and other organizations are structured, and mentions the people usually credited with inventing functional organization and decentralization. It mentions the more recent development of matrix management, and a well-known objection to it.How arte most organizations structured?Most companies are too large to be organized as a single hierarchy. The hierarchy is usually divided up. In what way?What are the obvious disadvantages of functional structure?(Discuss briefly in pairs) give some examples of standard conflicts in companies between departments with different objectivesAre there any other ways of organizing companies that might solve these problems?A.F unctional structureB.M atrix structureC.L ine structureD.Staff structureBritish: personnel department = American: staff department or human resources department1d ComprehensionThe only adequate summary is the second. The first stresses the disadvantages of hierarchies much more strongly than the text, and disregards the criticisms of matrix management and decentralization. The third is simply misleading: matrix management and teams are designed to facilitate communication among functional departments rather than among autonomous divisions.Second summaryMost business organizations have a hierarchy consisting of several levels and a clear line of command. There may also be staff positions that are not integrated into the hierarchy. The organization might also be divided into functional departments, such as production, finance, marketing, sales and personnel.Larger organizations are often further divided into autonomous divisions, each with its own functional sections. More recent organizational systems include matrix management and teams, both of which combine people from different functions and keep decision-making at lower levels.1e discussionThe text mentions the often incompatible goals of the finance, marketing and production (or operations) department. Classify the following strategies according to which departments would probably favor them.Production managers: 1.a factory working at full capacity 4.a standard product without optional features 11.machines that give the possibility of making various different products. (1, 4 and 11 would logically satisfy production managers, although 11 should also satisfy other departments.)Marketing managers: 2.a large advertising budget 3.a large sales force earning high commission 6.a strong market share for new products 7.generous credit facilities for customers rge inventories to make sure that products are available (2, 3, 6, 7, 9, would logically be the demands of marketing managers)Finance managers: 5.a strong cash balance 8.high profit margins 10.low research and development spending 12.self-financing (using retained earnings rather than borrowing) (5, 8, 10, and 12 would logically keep finance managers happy.)1f Describing company structureNow write a description of either the organization chart above, or a company you know, in about 100-150 words.Here is a short description of the organization chart illustrated.The Chief Executive Officer reports to the President and the Board of Directors. The company is divided into five major departments: Production, Marketing, Finance, Research & Development, and Personnel. The Marketing Department is subdivided into Market Research, Sales, and Advertising & Promotions. The Finance Department contains both Financial Management and Accounting. Sales consists of two sections, the Northern and Southern Regions, whose heads report to the Sales Manager, who is accountable to the Marketing Manager.2a VocabularyMatch up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.1.industrial belt: C an area with lots of industrial companies, around the edge ofa city2.wealth: F the products of economic activity3.productivity: E the amount of output produced (in a certain period, using acertain number of inputs)4.corporate ethos: A a company’s ways of working and thinking5.collaboration: G working together and sharing ideas6.insulated or isolated: B alone, placed in a position away from others7.fragmentation: D breaking something up into pieces2b ListeningListen to Jared Diamond, and then answer question 1. Listen a second time to check your answers, and then do question 2.1 Which of these do the part-sentences 1-8 refer to?A Route 128 (the industrial belt around Boston, Massachusetts)B Silicon Valley (the high-tech companies in the area between San Francisco and San Jose, California)C IBMD Microsoft1 has lots of companies that are secretive, and don’t communicate or collaborate with each other. (A)2 has lots of companies that compete with each other but communicate ideas and information. (B)3 has always had lots of semi-independent units competing within the same company, while communicating with each other. (D)4 is organized in an unusual but very effective way (D)5 is currently the center of innovation (B)6 used to have insulated groups that did not communicate with each other (C)7 used to lead the industrial world in scientific creativity and imagination (A)8 was very successful, then less successful and is now innovative again because it changed the way it was organized (C)2 Working in pairs, rearrange the following part-sentences to make up a short paragraph summarizing Diamond’s ideas about the best form of business organization.A and regularly engage staff who have worked for your competitors.B are at a disadvantage,C because most groups of people getD but also communicate with each other quite freely.E creativity, innovation, and wealth,F into a number of groups which competeG Isolated companies or groupsH most of their ideas and innovations from the outside.I So order to maximize productivity,J You should also exchange ideas and information with other companies,K you should break up your businessIsolated companies or groups are at a disadvantage, because most groups of people get most of their ideas and innovations from the outside. So order to maximize productivity, creativity, innovation, and wealth, you should break up your business into a number of groups which compete but also communicate with each other quite freely. You should also exchange ideas and information with other companies, and regularly engage staff who have worked for your competitors.3a DiscussionRead the following statements, and decide whether they are about the advantages of working in a big or small company.Advantages of working in a small company: 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 13.Advantages of working in a big company: 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14.Some of these answers are open to discussion. For example, number 8: some people might argue that you have a better possibility of realizing your potential in a small company in which you are required to take on a number of different tasks.New words in this unit 03Autonomous, boss, chain of command, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), collaboration, competitor, corporate ethos, decentralization, department, division, downsizing, downturn, finance, fragmentation, functional organization, hierarchy, input, insulated, isolated, level, line authority, Managing Director, marketing, output, personnel, position, President, production, productivity, reorganization, report to, responsibility, salary, sales, subsidiary, wealth.。
材料科学与工程 专业英语 Unit 3 Structure-Property Relationships of Materials译文
Unit 3 Structure-Property Relationships of MaterialsToday’s materials can be classified as metals and alloys, as polymers or plastics, as ceramics, or as composites; composites, most of which are man-made, actually are combinations of different materials.译文：当今的材料可以分为金属和合金，聚合物或者塑料，陶瓷或复合材料；复合材料，它们大多数是人造的，实际上是不同材料组合而成。
Application of these materials depend on their properties; therefore, we need to know what properties are required by the application and to be able to relate those specification to the material.译文：这些材料的应用取决于它们的性质；因此，根据应用的场合，我们需要知道什么样的性质是必需的，我们需要能够把这些详细说明同材料联系起来。
For example, a ladder must withstand a design load, the weight of a person using the ladder. However, the material property that can be measured is strength, which is affected by the load and design dimension. Strength values must therefore be applied to determined the ladder dimensions to ensure safe use. Therefore, in general, the structures of metallic materials have effects on their properties.译文：比如，一个梯子必须能经受住设计的载荷，也就是使用这个梯子的人的重量。
关于公司结构的英语作文
关于公司结构的英语作文Title: Exploring Corporate Structures。
In the dynamic landscape of business, the structure of a company plays a pivotal role in its operations, culture, and success. From traditional hierarchical models to modern flat organizations, each structure embodies unique characteristics and impacts the way businesses function. Let's delve into various corporate structures and examine their features and implications.1. Hierarchical Structure:The hierarchical structure is perhaps the most traditional and widely recognized organizational model. In this pyramid-shaped arrangement, authority flows from the top-down, with clear lines of command and control. Departments are typically organized by function, such as finance, marketing, and operations. Decisions are made at the top and implemented downward through layers ofmanagement.Advantages:Clear chain of command facilitates efficient decision-making.Specialization within departments promotes expertise and focus.Defined roles and responsibilities provide clarity for employees.Disadvantages:Can lead to bureaucracy and slow decision-making processes.Limited communication between different levels of the hierarchy.Innovation may be stifled due to rigid structures.2. Flat Structure:Contrary to the hierarchical model, the flat structure minimizes levels of management and promotes a more egalitarian approach. There are fewer layers between the top executives and front-line employees, fostering a sense of empowerment and autonomy. Teams are often organized around projects or tasks rather than traditional departments.Advantages:Enhanced communication and collaboration acrossall levels.Quick decision-making as there are fewer bureaucratic hurdles.Encourages innovation and creativity by empowering employees.Disadvantages:Lack of clear career progression paths may demotivate some employees.Requires strong self-discipline and accountability from all members.Challenges in maintaining consistency and coordination across diverse teams.3. Matrix Structure:The matrix structure blends elements of both hierarchical and flat organizations. Employees report to both functional managers (e.g., finance, marketing) and project managers simultaneously. This dual reporting system allows for flexibility and specialization while also fostering cross-functional collaboration.Advantages:Maximizes resource utilization by pooling expertise across functions.Encourages innovation through diverse perspectives and skillsets.Provides opportunities for skill development and career growth.Disadvantages:Can lead to conflicts over priorities and responsibilities.Complex reporting relationships may cause confusion and inefficiency.Requires strong communication and conflict resolution skills to manage effectively.4. Network Structure:In the network structure, organizations outsource most functions to external partners, relying on a networkof contractors, suppliers, and other stakeholders to carry out operations. This flexible model allows companies to adapt quickly to changing market conditions and focus on their core competencies.Advantages:Enables rapid scalability and resource flexibility.Access to specialized expertise without the needfor in-house resources.Reduces overhead costs associated with maintaining large internal teams.Disadvantages:Limited control over external partners may lead to quality and reliability issues.Coordination and communication challenges across decentralized networks.Dependency on external entities can introduce risks to the business.In conclusion, the choice of corporate structure significantly influences how a company operates, communicates, and innovates. While each model has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Successful organizations carefully evaluate their needs, culture, and strategic objectives to determine the most suitable structure that aligns with their vision and fosters sustainable growth.。
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Centralization :lower managers are not capable at making decisions.
Validity :
◦ More stable environment. ◦ Decision is significant. ◦ Company is large.
Grouping activities by functions performed.
Director of Personnelion Purchasing Other
Director of Personnel
Unit 1 Manager
Executiv e Director
Assistant to the Executive Director
Director of Operation
Responsibility: An obligation to perform assigned activities.
Line authority: the authority that entitles a manager to direct the work of a subordinate.
◦ Functional departmentalization ◦ Product & Service departmentalization ◦ Geographic Departmentalization ◦ Market or Customer Departmentalization ◦ Process departmentalization ◦ Global structure
Assignment
Organizational structure is defined as the specification of the jobs to be done within an organization and the ways in which they relate to one another.
Director of Purchasing
Other Directors
Unit 2 Manager
Personnel Operation Purchasing Other
Authority : The rights inherent lie in a managerial position to give orders and expect them to be obeyed.
Managers : 1365 level : 7
Assuming
1 8 64 512 4096
Operators:409 6 Managers: 585 Level: 5
Tall structures have many levels of authority
relative to the organization’s size. Communication gets difficult and Communications can also become garbled . More time being taken to implement decisions.
Staff authority: authority given to individuals who support ,assist ,and advise others who have line authority.
Chain of command : the flow of authority from the top to the bottom of an organization.
.
Unit 3 Company Structure
Introduction
Principle of Organizational Design ---Vertical dimeTnrseinodnof OS ---Horizontal dimension
Trend of Organizational Design
Disadvantage:Face crisis or failure risk.
Decentralization: lower managers are capable at making decisions.
Validity:
◦ uncertain Environment . ◦ Decision is minor ◦ Company is geographically
Flat structures have few levels but wide spans of
control. Results in quick communications but can lead to overworked managers.
The process of grouping individuals into separate units or departments to accomplish organization goals
Wife Husband
Director of Personnel
Unit 1 Manager
Executiv e Director
Assistant to the Executive Director
Director of Operation
Director of Purchasing
Other Directors
dispersed.
The number of subordinates a manager can supervise efficiently and effectively.
Assuming Span of 4 Span of 8
1 4 16 64 256 1024
4096
Operators: 4096