Ethics in International Business 2007
关于企业伦理的文献
企业伦理是关于企业行为和决策中道德原则和价值观的研究领域。
以下是一些关于企业伦理的经典文献和著作，它们提供了对企业伦理问题的深刻洞察和讨论：1. 《商业道德的道德基础》（"The Moral Foundations of Business Ethics"）by Tom L. Beauchamp and Norman E. Bowie：这本书讨论了商业道德的哲学基础，探讨了企业决策中的伦理原则和问题。
2. 《企业伦理与社会责任》（"Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility"）by Paul Griseri and Nina Seppala：该书系统地探讨了企业伦理和企业社会责任的关系，介绍了相关理论和实践。
3. 《商业伦理的伦理学》（"The Ethics of Business Ethics"）by Norman E. Bowie：该书分析了商业伦理的伦理学基础，涉及了商业实践中的道德问题以及企业应对这些问题的策略。
4. 《企业伦理：管理和社会责任的道德挑战》（"Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization"）by Andrew Crane and Dirk Matten：这本书深入研究了企业伦理与社会责任的概念，强调了在全球化时代企业所面临的道德挑战。
5. 《商业伦理学》（"Business Ethics: A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach"）by Joseph W. Weiss：该书强调了利益相关方理论，并将其应用于商业伦理的实践，考察了在利益相关方视角下的企业决策。
《商业伦理__英文版》课件
II. Ethical Theories
Deontological Theories
Explore ethical theories that focus on the inherent nature of ethical actions, independent of the consequences.
3 Future
Discuss the future direction of business ethics research and education.
References
List of sources consulted for this comprehensive presentation on business ethics.
Relationship
Explore the dynamic relationship between ethics and the law in the business context.
Challenges
Identify the ethical challenges faced by businesses operating within legal environments.
V. Business Ethics and the Law
Legal Framework
Understand the legal framework that governs business practices and its interaction with ethical considerations.
Teleological Theories
Discover ethical theories that emphasize the consequences or outcomes of actions as the basis for ethical decision-making.
国际商务习题
Chapter 04 Ethics in International Business1. (p. 124) The term ethics refers to accepted principles of right or wrong that govern the conduct of a person, the members of a profession or the actions of an organization. TRUE2. (p. 124) Ethical strategies are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of businesspeople. FALSE3. (p. 124) Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of businesspeople. TRUE6. (p. 125) The Sullivan principles mandated that GM could operate in South Africa as long as the company complied with the apartheid laws. FALSE7. (p. 126) Myanmar has one of the worst human rights records in the world. TRUE8. (p. 127) Nearly all developing nations have substantial regulations governing the emission of pollutants, the dumping of toxic chemicals, the use of toxic materials in the workplace and so on. FALSE9. (p. 128) The tragedy of the commons occurs when a resource held in common by all, but owned by no one is overused by individuals, resulting in its degradation. TRUE10. (p. 128) Corporations can contribute to the global tragedy of the commons by not pumping pollutants into the atmosphere or dumping them in oceans or rivers. FALSE11. (p. 128) International businesses cannot gain economic advantages by making payments to corrupt government officials. FALSE12. (p. 129) The foreign corrupt practices act outlawed the paying of bribes to foreign government officials to gain business. TRUE13. (p. 129) The Foreign corrupt practices act originally allowed, "facilitating payments" to secure contracts that would not otherwise be secured. FALSE14. (p. 129) Facilitating payments are also known as speed money or grease money. TRUE15. (p. 129) The convention on combating bribery of foreign public officials in international business transactions obliges member states to make the bribery of foreign public officials a criminal offense. TRUE16. (p. 130) Noblesse oblige refers to payments that ensure receiving the standard treatment that a business ought to receive from a foreign government. FALSE17. (p. 130) Social responsibility refers to the idea that businesspeople should consider the social consequences of economic actions when making business decisions and that there should be a presumption in favor of decisions that have both good economic and social consequences. TRUE19. (p. 131) The ethical obligations of a multinational corporation toward employment conditions, human rights, environmental pollution and the use of power are always clear cut. FALSE21. (p. 132-133) An individual with a strong sense of personal ethics is less likely to behave in an unethical manner in a business setting. TRUE22. (p. 133) Expatriate managers may experience more than the usual degree of pressure to violate their personal ethics. TRUE23. (p. 134) A firm's organizational culture refers to the values and norms that are shared among employees of an organization. TRUE24. (p. 135) The Enron debacle indicates that an organizational culture can legitimize behavior that a society would judge as unethical. TRUE25. (p. 136) According to the Friedman doctrine, the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the company stays within the rules of law. TRUE26. The Friedman doctrine is the belief that ethics are nothing more than a reflection of culture and therefore, a firm should adopt the ethics of the culture in which it is operating. F27.Cultural relativism is the belief that ethics are nothing more than a reflection of culture and therefore, a firm should adopt the ethics of the culture in which it is operating. TRUE28.According to the righteous moralist if a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either. F 29. (p. 138) The naive immoralist claims that a multinational's home country standards of ethics are the appropriate ones for companies to follow in foreign countries. FALSE30. (p. 138) Most moral philosophers see value in utilitarian and Kantian approaches to business ethics. TRUE31. (p. 138) The utilitarian approaches to ethics hold that the moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences. TRUE32.It, typically is fairly easy to measure the benefits, costs and risks of a course of action. F33. An advantage of utilitarianism is that the philosophy allows for the consideration of justice. FALSE34. (p. 139) Rights theories recognize that human beings have fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national boundaries and cultures. TRUE35. (p. 140) A just distribution is one that is considered fair and equitable. TRUE36. (p. 141) According to Rawls, inequalities can be just if the system that produces inequalities is to the advantage of everyone. TRUE37. (p. 142) Talking with prior employers regarding someone's reputation is a good way to discerna potential employee's ethical predisposition. TRUE38. (p. 143) Building an organization culture that places a high value on ethical behavior requires incentive and reward systems. TRUE39. (p. 144) A firm's stakeholders are individuals or groups that have an interest, claim or stake in the company, what it does and how well it performs. T40. (p. 145-146) Companies can strengthen the moral courage of employees by committing themselves to retaliate against employees who exercise moral courage, say no to superiors or otherwise complain about unethical actions. FALSE41. (p. 124) The accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of businesspeople are best known as A. Business measures B. Business ethics42. (p. 124) Identify the incorrect statement regarding ethical issues in international business.A. They are often rooted in the fact that political systems, law, economic development and culture of nations vary significantlyB. Human rights and environmental regulations are some of the common ethical issuesC. Ethical practices of all nations are similar in natureD. Managers in multinational firms need to be particularly sensitive to differences in business practices because they work across national borders43. (p. 125) To guard against abuse of employment practices in other nations, multinationals should do all of the following exceptA. Establish minimal acceptable standards that safeguard the basic rights and dignity of employeesB. Adhere to working conditions of the host country if they are clearly inferior to those in a multinational's home nationC. Audit foreign subsidiaries and subcontractors on a regular basis to make sure established standards are metD. Take action to correct unacceptable behavior46. (p. 126) Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to foreign multinationals doing business in countries with repressive regimes.A. Inward investment by multinationals can be a force for economic, political and social progress that ultimately improves the rights of people in repressive regimesB. No multinational does business with nations that lack the democratic structures and human rights records of developed nationsC. Multinational investment cannot be justified on ethical grounds in some regimes due to their extreme human rights violationsD. Multinationals adopting an ethical stance can, at times, improve human rights in repressive regimes47. (p. 127) Identify the incorrect statement about environmental regulations.A. Environmental regulations are often lacking in developing nationsB. Environmental regulations are similar across developed and developing nationsC. Developed nations have substantial regulations governing the emission of pollutants, the dumping of toxic chemicals, etcD. Inferior environmental regulations in host nations, as compared to home nation, can lead to ethical issues48. (p. 128) Everyone benefits from the atmosphere and oceans but no one is specifically responsible for them. In this sense, the atmosphere and oceans can be referred to as a(n)B. Global commonsC. Joint assetD. Global reserve49. (p. 128) The _____ occurs when a resource is shared by all, but owned by no one is overused by individuals, resulting in its degradation.A. Tragedy of the commonsB. Noblesse obligeC. Ethical dilemmaD. Friedman system50. (p. 129) Which of the following observations is true of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?A. The act outlawed the paying of bribes to foreign government officials to gain businessB. There is enough evidence that it put U.S. firms at a competitive disadvantageC. The act originally allowed for "facilitating payments."D. The Nike case was the impetus for the 1977 passage of this act51. (p. 129) The Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions excludesA. Speed payments to secure contracts that would otherwise not be securedB. Grease payments to gain exclusive preferential treatmentC. Facilitating payments made to expedite routine government actionD. Payments to government officials for special privileges52. (p. 129) Grease paymentsA. Are not the same as facilitating payments or speed moneyB. are facilitating payments made to expedite routine government actionC. Are payments to gain exclusive preferential treatmentsD. Can be used to secure contracts that would otherwise not be secured53. (p. 129) Facilitating payments areA. Permitted under the amended Foreign Corrupt Practices ActB. A direct violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices ActC. Permitted so long as they designed only to gain exclusive preferential treatmentD. Used to secure contracts that would otherwise not be secured54. (p. 130) The idea that businesspeople should consider the social consequences of economic actions when making business decisions and that there should be a presumption in favor of decisions that have both good economic and social consequences is known asA. Business ethicsB. Noblesse obligeC. Ethical dilemmaD. Social responsibility55. (p. 130) Which of the following, in a business setting is taken to mean benevolent behavior that is the responsibility of successful enterprises.A. Sullivan's principlesB. Ethical dilemmaC. Tragedy of the commonsD. Noblesse oblige57. (p. 132) _____ are generally accepted principles of right and wrong governing the conduct of individuals.A. Ethical dilemmasB. Noblesse obligesC. Personal ethicsD. Business measures58. (p. 132) Ethical dilemmas exist because of all of the following reasons exceptA. Many real-world decisions are complex and difficult to frameB. Decisions may involve first, second and third-order consequences that are hard to quantifyC. Doing the right thing or knowing what the right thing might be is often far too easyD. They are situations in which none of the available alternatives seem ethically acceptable59. (p. 132) Which of the following is not likely to lead to unethical behavior?A. An organizational culture that de-emphasizes business ethicsB. A process that does not incorporate ethical considerations into business decision-makingC. A strong personal ethical code governing the conduct of an individualD. Pressure from the parent company to meet unrealistic performance goals60. (p. 133) Ethical behavior is likely to be determined by all of the following, except A. Decision making processes B. Organization culture C. Leadership D. Realistic performance goals61. (p. 133) Expatriate managers may experience more than the usual degree of pressure to violate their personal ethics because of all of the following reasons exceptA. They are away from their ordinary social context and supporting cultureB. They are psychologically and geographically closer to the parent companyC. They may be based in a culture that does not place the same value on ethical norms important in the manager's home countryD. They may be surrounded by local employees who have less rigorous ethical standards62. (p.63. (p. 136) All of the following approaches to business ethics are discussed by scholars primarilyto demonstrate that they offer inappropriate guidelines for ethical decision making in a multinational enterprise exceptA. Friedman doctrineB. Cultural relativismC. Kantian ethicsD. Naive moralist64. (p. 136) According to _____ the social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so longas the company stays within the rules of law. A. The naive immoralistB. The righteous moralistC. Cultural relativismD. The Friedman doctrine65. (p. 136) The Friedman doctrine suggests thatA. Ethics are nothing more than the reflection of cultureB. A multinational's home-country standards of ethics are inappropriate to follow in foreign countriesC. Businesses should not undertake social expenditures beyond those mandated by the law and required for the efficient running of a businessD. If a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either66. (p. 136) Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to the Friedman doctrine.A. It states that the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the company stays within the rules of lawB. It argues that businesses should undertake social expenditures beyond those mandated by the lawC. It believes that maximizing profits is the way to maximize the returns that accrue to firms stockholdersD. Managers of the firm should not make decisions regarding social investments on behalf ofthe stockholders67. (p. 137) Cultural relativism suggests thatA. Ethics are nothing more than the reflection of culture and that a firm should adopt the ethicsof the culture in which it is operatingB. The only social responsibility of business is to increase profitsC. Managers of a firm should not make decisions regarding social investmentsD. A multinational's home-country standards of ethics are always appropriate to follow in foreign countries68. (p. 137) Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to cultural relativism.A. It argues that a firm should adopt the ethics of the culture in which it is operatingB. At its extreme, it suggests that if a culture supports slavery, it is OK to use slave labor in a countryC. It embraces the idea that universal notions of morality transcend different culturesD. It believes that ethics are nothing more than the reflection of a culture69. (p. 137) Child labor is permitted and widely employed in Country X. A multinational company entering Country X decides to employ minors in its subsidiary, even though it is against the multinational's home country ethics. Which of the following approaches to business ethics would justify the actions of the multinational company?A. Righteous moralistB. Cultural relativismC. The justice theoryD. The rights theory70. (p. 137) The idea that universal notions of morality transcend different cultures is implicitly rejected by A. The righteous moralist B. The naive immoralist C. The Friedman doctrineD. Cultural relativism71. (p. 137) The righteous moralist suggests thatA. Ethics are nothing more than the reflection of cultureB. A multinational's home-country standards of ethics are the appropriate ones for companies to follow in foreign countriesC. The social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the company stays within the rules of lawD. If a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either72. (p. 137) Which of the following statement about the righteous moralist approach is not true?A. It claims that a multinational's home-country standards of ethics are the appropriate ones for companies to follow in foreign countriesB. It is typically associated with managers from developing nationsC. Its proponents often go too far in advocating that the appropriate thing to do is adopt home-country standardsD. It can create practical problems73. (p. 137) The righteous moralist approach to business ethics is typically associated with managers from A. Third world nations B. Underdeveloped nations C. Developing nationsD. Developed nations74. (p. 138) The _____ approach asserts that if a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either.A. Cultural relativismB. Friedman doctrineC. Righteous moralistD. Naive immoralist75. (p. 138) The naive immoralist suggests thatA. Ethics are nothing more than the reflection of cultureB. A multinational's home-country standards of ethics are the appropriate ones for companies to follow in foreign countriesC. The social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the company stays within the rules of lawD. If firms in a host nation do not follow ethical norms then the manager of a multinational should also not follow ethical norms there76. (p. 138) According to the _____ approach to business ethics, the moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences.A. UtilitarianB. Cultural relativismC. Friedman doctrineD. Naive immoralist77. (p. 138) The utilitarian approach to business ethics suggests thatA. People should be treated as ends and never purely as means to the ends of othersB. The moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequencesC. People have dignity and need to be treated as suchD. Human beings have fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national cultures78. (p. 138) Which of the following approaches is committed to the maximization of good and the minimization of harm?A. The righteous moralistB. Cultural relativismC. Friedman doctrineD. Utilitarianism79. (p. 139) Tools to assess actions such as cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment are rooted in the _____ philosophy.A. Utilitarian approachB. Kantian approachC. Friedman doctrineD. Naive immoralist80. (p. 139) According to the _____ approach, the best decisions are those that produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people.A. Naive immoralistB. Friedman doctrineC. UtilitarianD. Kantian81. (p. 139) The Kantian approach to ethics suggests thatA. Human beings have fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national boundariesB. The moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequencesC. People should be treated as ends and never purely as means to the ends of othersD. Ethics are nothing more than the reflection of culture82. (p. 139) The utilitarian approach to business ethics has been criticized because of all of the following reasons, exceptA. The measurement of benefits, costs and risks is often not possible due to limited knowledgeB. The philosophy omits the consideration of justiceC. The philosophy advocates the greatest good for the greatest number of people, but such actions may result in the unjustified treatment of a minorityD. It holds that the moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences83. (p. 139) Rights theories suggest thatA. Human beings have fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national boundariesB. The moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequencesC. People should be treated as ends never purely as means to the ends of othersD. Minimum levels of morally acceptable behavior should be established84. (p. 140) Identify the approach that most moral philosophers favor and that forms the basis for current models of ethical behavior in international businesses.A. Friedman doctrineB. Cultural relativismC. The righteous moralistD. Rights theory85. (p. 140) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, related to employment, upholds all of the following, exceptA. Just and favorable work conditionsB. Equal pay for equal workC. Prohibition of trade unionsD. Protection against unemployment86. (p. 140) Article 1 of the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights." This best echoesA. Cultural relativismB. Friedman doctrineC. The righteous moralist approachD. Kantian ethics87. (p. 140) A(n) _____ is any person or institution that is capable of moral action such as a government or corporation.A. Moral agentB. UtilitarianC. Righteous moralistD. Naive immoralist88. (p. 140) Justice theories of business ethics focus onA. The moral worth of actions or practicesB. Minimum levels of morally acceptable behaviorC. Fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national boundariesD. The attainment of a just distribution of economic goods and services89. (p. 141) The notion that all economic goods and services should be distributed equally except when an unequal distribution would work to everyone's advantage was developed byA. David HumeB. John RawlsC. Jeremy BenthamD. John Stuart Mill90. (p. 141) Under the veil of ignorance, everyone is imagined to be ignorant ofA. All of his or her particular characteristicsB. Fundamental rights and privilegesC. The moral worth of actions or practicesD. The minimum levels of morally acceptable behavior91. (p. 141) According to John Rawls,A. Each person be permitted the maximum amount of basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for othersB. Freedom of speech and assembly is the single most important component in a justice systemC. Equal basic liberty is only possible in a pure market economyD. Inequalities in a justice system are not to be tolerated under any circumstance92. (p. 141) Rawls' philosophy that inequalities are justified if they benefit the position of the least-advantaged person is known as theA. Inequality principleB. Equity principleC. Difference principleD. Indifference principle93. (p. 142) Managers of international business can do all of the following to make sure ethical issues are considered in business decisions, exceptA. Favor hiring and promoting people with a well-grounded sense of personal ethicsB. Build an organizational culture that places a high value on ethical behaviorC. Make sure that leaders within the business do not articulate the rhetoric of ethical behaviorD. Develop moral courage95. (p. 143) To build an organization culture that values ethical behavior, a company should do all of the following, exceptA. Not sanction people who do not engage in ethical behaviorB. Articulate values that emphasize ethical valuesC. Make sure that key business decisions not only make good economic sense, but are also ethicalD. Place a high value on ethical behavior by providing incentives and reward systems96. (p. 144) External stakeholdersA. Are individuals or groups who own the businessB. Include all employees, the board of directors and stockholdersC. Typically, comprises customers, suppliers, lenders, etcD. Are individuals or groups who work for the business97. (p. 144) Internal stakeholdersA. Are individuals or groups who work for or own the businessB. Do not have any claim on a firm or its activitiesC. Typically comprises customers, suppliers, lenders, governments, unions, etcD. Are individuals, except employees, board of directors and stockholders that have some claim on the firm98. (p. 144) _____ means standing in the shoes of a stakeholder and asking how a proposed decision might impact that stakeholder.A. Veil of ignoranceB. Difference principleC. Moral imaginationD. Noblesse oblige99. (p. 145) Establishing _____ involves a business' resolve to place moral concerns ahead of other concerns in cases where either the fundamental rights of stakeholders or key moral principles have been violated.A. A veil of ignoranceB. A difference principleC. Moral imaginationD. Moral intent 100. (p. 145) _____ enables managers to walk away from a decision that is profitable, but unethical.A. Noblesse obligeB. Moral courageC. Difference principleD. Friedman doctrine101. (p. 124) What are business ethics? What is the relationship between business ethics and an ethical strategy?Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of businesspeople. An ethical strategy is a strategy or course of action that does not violate those accepted principles.102. (p. 124-13) What is considered normal practice in one country may be considered unethical in others. Discuss.Chapter 04 - Ethics in International BusinessMany of the ethical issues and dilemmas in international business are rooted in the fact that political systems, law, economic development and culture vary significantly from nation to nation. Therefore, what might be considered a normal business practice in one country may constitute unethical behavior in another country. Managers in a multinational company need to be sensitive to these differences and choose the ethical action in those circumstances where variation across societies creates the potential for ethical problems. In the international business setting, the most common ethical issues involve employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption and the moral obligation of multinational corporations.4-11。
Business-Ethics-Social-Responsibility-Environmenta
■ Kyoto Protocal expires i n 2012 ■ Results of March 2009 Copenhagen Meeting
■ Concerns what r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s the firm has t o i t s employees, consumers, environmentalists, minorities, communities, shareholders, and other groups
■ Largest developer of sustainability standards in the world
■ Compliance i s voluntary
ISO 14000/14001 C e r t i f i c a t i o n
■ ISO 14000 - a s e r i e s of voluntary standards in the environmental field
investors ■ Liability s u iNot Reactive
■ Proactive – do more than the bare minimum
■ Reactive – changing only when forced t o by the law or consumer pressure
E l e c t r i c Car Networks
■ Government funding f o r manufacturing ■ Recharging s t a t i o n s being i n s t a l l e d i n many
商业伦理与企业责任
商业伦理与企业责任1.引言在全球化并日益竞争的商业世界中，社会对负责任和伦理行为的期望越来越高。
这也促进企业更积极地考虑他们的商业行为是否符合道德标准、是不是对社会有利。
本文将探讨商业伦理的定义，企业责任的不同层面，以及企业在实现商业成功的同时如何负起社会责任。
2.商业伦理的定义商业伦理是指企业在其运作过程中需要遵守的道德规范，是企业进行业务活动的基础原则、道德标准和价值观。
这些标准包括但不限于: 诚实、公正、透明和诚信。
商业伦理不仅包括企业的行为准则和商业道德，也提供了一种较为标准的企业文化和商业环境。
3.企业责任的不同层面3.1 市场层面的企业责任市场层面的企业责任是指企业在市场竞争中积极采用公平的方式来为客户提供产品和服务，要求企业遵循在竞争中对客户的承诺，典型的如保证公正的定价、保证产品的质量和保护知识产权。
3.2 社会层面的企业责任社会层面的企业责任是指企业需要充分考虑社会影响，积极回馈社区并适当减少企业在社交问题中的负面影响。
这包括但不限于环境保护、能源管理、捐款和慈善活动、保护人权和女性和儿童权利等。
3.3 法律层面的企业责任法律层面的企业责任是指企业应遵守来自各种规定，也必须遵守各国的劳动标准、环境标准和其他相关法律法规。
这包括但不限于反腐败、财务透明度和人权等。
4.企业如何负责任企业不仅应该恪守商业伦理和守责任原则，而且应该采取行动来满足这些原则。
下面是企业负责任的一些举措：4.1 诚实透明度企业在经营过程中应始终保持透明和诚实，而不应做出虚假的声明或变相欺骗顾客和员工。
企业应公开宣布其重要决策、业务活动和管理程序。
同时，企业应遵守所有适用的法律法规和合规程序。
4.2 保障客户利益企业在提供产品和服务时，需要保障消费者的利益。
企业需要客观的对待客户要求，对账目、价格、产品质量等方面进行认真审核，并及时处理客户的投诉以保证客户的信任。
4.3 关注社会发展企业应该不断关注并回馈社区，例如参与环保志愿者行动，开展慈善活动等。
当代全球商务课件Chap
Corruption
Chapter 4: Ethics in International Business
• In the United States, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act outlawed the practice of paying bribes to foreign government officials in order tos in International Business
ETHICAL ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
The most common ethical issues in business involve employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption, and the moral obligation of multinational companies.
Chapter 4: Ethics in International Business
INTRODUCTION
Ethics refers to accepted principles of right or wrong that govern the conduct of a person, the members of a profession, or the actions of an organization. Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of business people. Ethical strategy is a strategy, or course of action, that does not violate these accepted principles.
商业伦理书籍
商业伦理书籍下面是一些商业伦理书籍的推荐：1. 《商业道德》（Business Ethics）- William H. Shaw这本书是商业伦理领域的经典之作，涵盖了商业道德的概念、理论和实践案例，对于读者了解商业伦理的基本原则和相关问题非常有帮助。
2. 《道德商业：向负责任和可持续发展的企业迈进》（Ethical Business: Towards Responsible and Sustainable Entrepreneurship）- Kemi Ogunyemi这本书探讨了道德商业的概念，讨论了企业负责任和可持续发展的实践，对于企业家和商业管理者来说具有实际指导意义。
3. 《商业道德与全球化》（Business Ethics and Globalization）- Ronald F. Duska本书着重讨论了全球化对商业伦理的挑战，讨论了全球化对公司社会责任、环境保护和道德决策的影响，适合对全球化背景下的商业道德感兴趣的读者。
4. 《商业伦理：决策的实践方法》（Business Ethics: A Practical Approach to Decision Making）- Linda Ferrell, John Fraedrich, O.C. Ferrell这本书将商业伦理理论与实践结合起来，通过具体案例和决策模型，帮助读者理解商业决策过程中的伦理问题，并提供了解决方案。
5. 《商业道德与社会责任：决策制定者的视角》（Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility: Ethical Decision Making for Business）- James Brusseau这本书从决策制定者的角度探讨商业道德和企业社会责任的重要性，介绍了一些决策框架和工具，帮助读者在商业环境中作出符合伦理标准的决策。
希望这些建议对你有帮助！。
务(希尔)英文版PPT
Mercantilism
·Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country ’ s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than imports ·Mercantilism advocates government intervention to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade ·It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another
5-4
The Patterns Of International Trade
·Some patterns of trade are fairly easy to e xplain - it is obvious why Saudi Arabia exports o i l , Ghana exports cocoa, and Brazil exports coffee ·But, why does Switzerland export chemicals, pharmaceuticals, watches, and jewelry? Why does Japan export automobiles, consumer electronics, and machine tools?
5-3
The Benefits Of Trade
·Smith, Ricardo and Heckscher-Ohlin show why it is beneficial for a country to engage in international trade even for products it is able to produce for i t s e l f
商务英语-business-ethics
Part Ⅲ
• critical during times of fundamental change
• sensitizes leaders and staff to how they want to act -- consistently.
• guide leaders through complex conflicts about what is right or wrong.
they should act. ② a strong moral compass
to guide leaders through complex dilemmas. ③substantially improved society.
25
Part Ⅳ
How to manage ethics in the business
According to the research, about 29% of enterprise lack of business ethic. It is really a tough problem.
12
PartⅡ
• CASE 2: Cigarette companies put ads on the market
• 2.The best way to handle ethical dilemmas is to avoid their occurrence in the first place.
• 3. Make ethics decisions in groups, and make decisions public, as appropriate.
• And the flawed milk might arose kidney stone(肾结石).
商务英语综合教程4 Unit 4 Business ethics课后答案
Unit 4 Business ethicsExtensive ReadingCorporate Philanthropy Responds to Disasters ExercisesI.Speed Reading ComprehensionRead the text for FIVE minutes, and find the best answer to each of the following questions.1. According to the 2nd paragraph, why some companies faced internal criticismA. These companies have donated too much money to the communities, regardless of theirown capacity.B. These companies ignored the needs of their own employees who were affected by thedisasters.C. The philanthropic programs of these companies were too cheap.D. Corporate had to go back to boards for additional donation resources.2.Why is it that somecompanies are suggested donating cash instead of products when disasters take placeA. Products are often hard to transport and warehouse.B. Using cash in the locality helps rebuild the economy.C. Product may not fit the needs of the beset community.D. All of above.3.Which of the following statement is NOT true with Pitney Bowes Inc.A. It has operated a fund that helps employees out of personal tragedies.B. Its Employee Involvement Fund can reflect employees’ interest and support.C. It has started splitting some of its corporate giving between immediate and long-termassistance in the consideration of the complicated nature of identifying appropriate disaster aid.D. Medical and funeral expenses will not be the focus of its fund.4. According to the text, which of the followingcompany’s foundation is NOTlong-term-focusedA. Baxter InternationalB. MitsubishiC. General Electric Co.D. Pitney Bowes Inc.5.The software module of MicroEdge Inc. helps the company’s community foundation the best in terms of_______.A. free-of-charge serviceB. online serviceC. accountingD. disaster reliefII.VocabularyFill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text. The initial letter of each word has been supplied for you.1.It’s wise to use just as much caution when making your charitable giving decisions as you do when making other decisions affecting your life.2.With soil that has had its biological components destroyed, the first step toward restoration is to stop adding any more chemical fertilizers.3.The global obesity pandemic combined with society's anti-fat bias is more damaging to women than to men, an expert has warned at an international conference.4.Turkey’s two major cities are grappling with water shortages after record-low snow and rain falls in the winter and searing summer temperatures.5.The importers who do not intend clearing the imported goods for "home consumption" straightaway may choose to warehouse the goods.6.The Foundation is a public charity that works with individuals, families, businesses and foundations, serving their philanthropic needs as well as initiating giving programs.7.As the little copyist proceeded with her work, she sent every now and then a responsive glance toward her admirer.8.Beset by rumors, and four months from a primary election, the Mayor yesterday for the first time gave his account of a2007 incident in which he argued with a police officer.9.Like so many others around the world, we are following the devastation caused by the earthquake and tsunami that has hit many parts of Southeastern Asia.10. Some coincidences are small, and seemingly inconsequential, but others have the potential to change lives.A Question of EthicsExercisesI.Reading Comprehension1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE withWaterschoot's caseA. It raised the ethical concerns regarding information technology and the managementobligation.B. Waterschootimmediately reported to her boss and the unit's legal counsel about theproblem because there was some crucial information for Lockheed Martin in the template.C. Waterschoot found the competitor’s confidentialinformation before 5 p.m.D. Waterschoot removed the document from the server with the purpose of protecting a competitor of Lockheed Martin’s.2. According to the text, as e-business and IT are developing, companies need to put the following into consideration EXCEPT _______.A. equipping the employees with essential IT ethicsB. establishing a set of ethical guidelines in a companyC. the impacts brought by IT on the employees concernedD. how to deal with the potential problem brought by e-business partnerships3. According to the InformationWeek Research survey, we can infer that _______.A. If your personal data is collected by a health-care company, they are more likely to be sold to third parties than by any other industries.B. Most companies will inform their customers know when specific types of data of theirown are being collected.C. When evaluating the ethical and moral implications of business decisions, a larger number of people will rely on their personal experience only.D. Not many people know some ethical impacts may be brought by their business decisions.4. Paragraph 7 suggests that ________.A. Canon Information Systems Inc is monitoring its employees’ online activities;B. Canon Information Systems Inc’s human resources department tries to make sure thattheir employees are using the Internet in an ethical and legal way;C. James Underwood, manager of IS, reports to the human resources department;D. Canon Information Systems Inc’s human resources department may be violating theprivacy of the employees.5. Companies nowadays concern not only about the employees’awareness of business ethics, but also about________.A. how the employees interact with the information technology in a digital context;B. the safety when the employees are handling the digital devices;C. the protection of the privacy of its customers;D. all of above.。
Ethical Dilemmas in Business
Ethical Dilemmas in Business商业中的伦理两难Ethical Dilemmas in Business促使管理者采取负责任的社会行动。
Perhaps the most practical approach is to view ethics as catalyzing催化managers to take socially responsible actions.The famous missionary physician and humanitarian人道主义者Albert Schweitzer defined ethics as“our concern for good behavior. We feel an obligation to consider not only our own personal well-being, but also that of other human beings.”This is similar to the precept of the Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you (act in a way you would expect others to act toward you).【obligation [ ♌●♓♈♏♓☞☜⏹]n. 义务__precept [ ☐❒♓♦♏☐♦] n. 规则__Practice / Example is better than precept.身教胜于言教】In business, ethics can be defined as the capacity to reflect on values in the corporate decision-making process, to determine how these values and decisions affect various stakeholder groups, and to establish how managers can use these observations in day-to-day company management.Ethics is a conception of right and wrong behavior, defining for us when our actions are moral and when they are immoral. Business ethics is the application of general ethical ideas to business behavior. 【moral__morale】THE MANAGING OF ETHICSEthical managers strive for success within the confines of sound management practices that are characterized by fairness and justice.Ethics is a conception of right and wrong behavior. Ethics tells us then our behavior is moral and when it is immoral. Ethics deals with fundamental human relationships—how we think and behave toward others and how we want them to think and behave toward us. Ethical principles are guides to moral behavior.For example, in most societies lying, stealing, deceiving, and harming others are considered to be unethical and immoral. Honesty, keeping promises, helping others,and respecting the rights of others are considered to be ethically and morally desirable behavior. Such basic rules of behavior are essential for the preservation and continuation of organized life everywhere.BUSINESS ETHICSBusiness ethics is the application of general ethical ideas to business behavior. Business ethics is not a special set of ethical ideas different from ethics in general and applicable only to business.If dishonesty is considered to be unethical and immoral, then anyone in business who is dishonest with employees, customers, stockholders, or competitors is acting unethically and immorally.The executives from 300 U.S. and non-U.S. corporations, when asked the ethical issues they believed would be very important in the following years, identified six as particularly important:(1)Environmental issues(2)Product safety(3)Employee health screening(4)Security of company records(5)Shareholder interests(6)Workplace safetyWHY SHOULD BUSINESS BE ETHICAL?The employment of ethical business practices can enhance overall corporate health in three important areas: productivity, stakeholder relations, and government regulation.Why should business be ethical? What prevents a business firm from piling up as many profits as it can, in any way it can, regardless of ethical considerations?Ethical business behavior is expected by the public, prevents harm to society, fosters business relations and employee productivity, reduces criminal penalties, protects business against unscrupulous employees and competitors, protects business employees from harmful actions by their employer, and allows people in business to act consistently with their personal ethical beliefs.Unless they are ethical, John F. Akers, former chairman of the board of IBM, believes company cannot be competitive in either national or international markets. According to Akers:Ethics and competitiveness are inseparable. We compete as society. No society anywhere will compete very long or successfully with people stabbing each other in the back; with people trying to steal from one another, with everything requiring notarized confirmation because you can’t trust the other person; with every little squabble ending in litigation; and with government writing reams of regulatory legislation, try business hand and foot to keep it honest.Why should business be ethical? See the following reasons:(1)The general public expects business to exhibit high levels of ethical performanceand social responsibility.Companies that fail to fulfill this public demand can expect to be spotlighted, criticized, curbed, and punished.(2)Prevent harming othersA second reason why businesses and their employees should act ethically is toprevent harm to the general public and the corporation’s many stakeholders. One of the strongest ethical principles is stated very simply: “Do no harm”(3)Improve business relations and employee productivityBeing ethical imparts a sense of trust which promotes positive alliances among business partners.(4)Reduce penalties under the U.S. Corporate Sentencing Guidelines(5)Protect business from othersA fifth reason for promoting ethical behavior is to protect business firms from abuseby unethical employees and unethical competitors.(6)Protect employees from their employersHigh ethical performance protects people who work in business. Employees resent invasions of privacy or being ordered to do something against their personal convictions or being forced to work in hazardous conditions. Businesses that treattheir employees with dignity and integrity reap many rewards in the form of high morale and improved productivity. It is win-win-win situation for the firm, its employees, and society.(7)Promote personal moralityMost people want to act in ways that are consistent with their own sense of right and wrong.Being pressured to contradict their personal values creates much emotional stress.Knowing that one works in a supportive ethical climate contributes to one’s sense of psychological security. People feel good about working for an ethical company because they know they are protected along with the general public.CODE OF ETHICSA code of ethics is a formal statement that acts as a guide for how people within a particular organization should act and make decision s in an ethical fashion.Managers commonly strive to encourage ethical practices, not only to be morally correct, but also gain whatever business advantage that lies in projecting an ethical image to consumers and employees. Creating, distributing, and continually improving a company’s code of ethics is one common step managers can take to establish an ethical workplace, another step is to set up a special office or department that is responsible for ensuring the organization’s practices are ethical, the third way is to furnish organization members with appropriate training.Managers can feel confident that a potential action will be considered ethical by the general public if it is consistent with one or more of the following standards:(1)The golden rule: act in a way you would expect others to act toward you(2)The utilitarian principle: act in a way that results in the greatest good for thegreatest number of people(3)Kant’s categorical imperative: Act in such a way that the action taken under thecircumstances could be a universal law, or rule, of behavior(4)The professional ethic: take actions that would be viewed as proper by a disinterestedpanel of professional peers(5)The TV test: managers should always ask, “Would I feel comfortable explaining to anational TV audience why I took this action”(6)The legal test: is the proposed action or decision legal? Established laws aregenerally considered minimum standards for ethics(7)The four-way test: Managers can feel confident that a decision is ethical if they cananswer “yes”to the following questions: is the decision truthful? Is it fair to all concerned? Will it build goodwill and better friendships? Will it be beneficial to all concerned?Two practices that commonly inspire unethical behavior in organizations are to give unusually high rewards for good performance and unusually severe punishments for poor performance. By eliminating such factors, managers can reduce the pressure on employees to perform unethically in organizations。
伦理和国际营销(Ethics and international marketing)
国家的、地理的以及政治的区分对伦理价值来说并不是客观依据。
最大幸福法则，另一方面，建立于每个人普遍接受的价值观之上——快乐和痛苦。
因此唯一一致的道德规范一定是“为最多的人寻求最大的利益”。
当企业需要决定什么是“最大的利益”、什么是“最多的人”以及市场营销如何将“最大的利益”传递给“最多的人”时，困难就产生了。
营销的概念揭示了企业必须满足各种消费偏好，这些偏好基于需要和欲望，并能使企业从中获得利润。
企业在逐利中的利己主义很难用Kant的观点来解释，但是根据Mill对公共事业的理解则是可以接受的。
因此，营销的概念对人的启示应该是“把消费者放在首位”，将利益带给个体消费者、整个社会和企业自身。
伦理相对主义者（Crane和Matten，2004）认为道德是绝对不存在的，因此道德的定义是基于社会的社交准则上的。
因此，并没有随时应用于所有民族的普遍存在的道德标准。
在营销方面，伦理相对主义能解释各个国家有各种不同的伦理标准，并随着时间的发展而改变。
如此一个关于道德标准的解释的确考虑到了对各种伦理标准的阐释，这些伦理标准正反映了多元文化和不同实践的存在。
此外，这也产生了市场营销理论在特定市场上的适应问题，在给定的时间点上，随着时间的推移，社会文化、知识和技术在不同的市场之间是变化的。
如果道德相对主义能够作为企业国际营销活动的基础而被接受，那么则没有通用的框架来解决道德争论或企业和社会中的道德问题是否能达成一致。
道德相对主义只能用来培育灵活性，这种灵活性在没有通常参考点的情况下，能在国内外市场上与消费者建立相当复杂的关系。
因此，道德相对主义实施于企业的营销活动中的论点能够产生问题，并对跨越国界的核心普世价值观产生疑问。
市场营销伦理十分必要吗？根据Fineman（1999）所述，营销学家例如Beardshaw和Palfreman（1990）认为市场营销是“一个伦理上中立的系统，或者是服务于一个明确的市场利益的管理工具”。
商务英语综合教程 Unit 4 Business ethics课后答案
Unit 4 Business ethicsExtensive ReadingCorporate Philanthropy Responds to DisastersExercisesI.Speed Reading ComprehensionRead the text for FIVE minutes, and find the best answer to each of the following questions.1. According to the 2nd paragraph, why some companies faced internal criticism?A. These companies have donated too much money to the communities, regardless of theirown capacity.B. These companies ignored the needs of their own employees who were affected by thedisasters.C. The philanthropic programs of these companies were too cheap.D. Corporate had to go back to boards for additional donation resources.2. Why is it that some companies are suggested donating cash instead of products whendisasters take place?A. Products are often hard to transport and warehouse.B. Using cash in the locality helps rebuild the economy.C. Product may not fit the needs of the beset community.D. All of above.3. Which of the following statement is NOT true with Pitney Bowes Inc.?A. It has operated a fund that helps employees out of personal tragedies.B. Its Employee Involvement Fund can reflect employees’ interest and support.C. It has started splitting some of its corporate giving between immediate and long-termassistance in the consideration of the complicated nature of identifying appropriatedisaster aid.D. Medical and funeral expenses will not be the focus of its fund.4. According to the text, which of the following company’s foundation is NOT long-term-focused?A. Baxter InternationalB. MitsubishiC. General Electric Co.D. Pitney Bowes Inc.5. The software module of MicroEdge Inc. helps the company’s community foundation the bestin terms of _______.A. free-of-charge serviceB. online serviceC. accountingD. disaster reliefII.VocabularyFill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text. The initial letter of each word has been supplied for you.1. It’s wise to use just as much caution when making your charitable giving decisions as you dowhen making other decisions affecting your life.2. With soil that has had its biological components destroyed, the first step toward restoration isto stop adding any more chemical fertilizers.3. The global obesity pandemic combined with society's anti-fat bias is more damaging towomen than to men, an expert has warned at an international conference.4. Turkey’s two major cities are grappling with water shortages after record-low snow and rainfalls in the winter and searing summer temperatures.5. The importers who do not intend clearing the imported goods for "home consumption"straightaway may choose to warehouse the goods.6. The Foundation is a public charity that works with individuals, families, businesses andfoundations, serving their philanthropic needs as well as initiating giving programs.7. As the little copyist proceeded with her work, she sent every now and then a responsiveglance toward her admirer.8. Beset by rumors, and four months from a primary election, the Mayor yesterday for the firsttime gave his account of a 2007 incident in which he argued with a police officer.9. Like so many others around the world, we are following the devastation caused by theearthquake and tsunami that has hit many parts of Southeastern Asia.10. Some coincidences are small, and seemingly inconsequential, but others have the potential tochange lives.A Question of EthicsExercisesI.Reading Comprehension1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE with Waterschoot's case?A. It raised the ethical concerns regarding information technology and the managementobligation.B. Waterschoot immediately reported to her boss and the unit's legal counsel about theproblem because there was some crucial information for Lockheed Martin in thetemplate.C. Waterschoot found the competitor’s confidential information before 5 p.m.D. Waterschoot removed the document from the server with the purpose of protecting acompetitor of Lockheed Martin’s.2. According to the text, as e-business and IT are developing, companies need to put thefollowing into consideration EXCEPT _______.A. equipping the employees with essential IT ethicsB. establishing a set of ethical guidelines in a companyC. the impacts brought by IT on the employees concernedD. how to deal with the potential problem brought by e-business partnerships3. According to the Information Week Research survey, we can infer that _______.A. If your personal data is collected by a health-care company, they are more likely to besold to third parties than by any other industries.B. Most companies will inform their customers know when specific types of data of theirown are being collected.C. When evaluating the ethical and moral implications of business decisions, a largernumber of people will rely on their personal experience only.D. Not many people know some ethical impacts may be brought by their businessdecisions.4. Paragraph 7 suggests that ________.A. Canon Information Systems Inc is monitoring its employees’ online activities;B. Canon Information Systems Inc’s human resources department tries to make sure thattheir employees are using the Internet in an ethical and legal way;C. James Underwood, manager of IS, reports to the human resources department;D. Canon Information Systems Inc’s human resources department may be violating theprivacy of the employees.5. Companies nowadays concern not only about the employees’ awareness of business ethics,but also about ________.A. how the employees interact with the information technology in a digital context;B. the safety when the employees are handling the digital devices;C. the protection of the privacy of its customers;D. all of above.。
商业伦理学英语作文带翻译
商业伦理学英语作文带翻译In the realm of international business, the concept of business ethics is paramount. It is the cornerstone that ensures fair competition, sustainable growth, and social responsibility. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, companies must navigate a complex web of cultural differences, legal frameworks, and ethical considerations. This essay will explore the significance of business ethics in the global marketplace and how it impacts various stakeholders.Firstly, business ethics are crucial for building trust among consumers. When a company operates with integrity, it fosters a positive reputation that can lead to increased customer loyalty and brand recognition. This is particularly important in the age of social media, where news of unethical practices can quickly spread and damage a company's image.Secondly, adhering to business ethics is essential for maintaining good relationships with partners and suppliers. Ethical behavior can lead to long-term, mutually beneficial relationships that are built on trust and respect. This can result in more reliable supply chains and bettercollaboration on innovation.Thirdly, business ethics play a vital role in ensuring compliance with laws and regulations. Companies that engagein unethical practices may face legal consequences, fines,and even criminal charges. By upholding ethical standards, companies can avoid these risks and operate within the legal boundaries set by the jurisdictions in which they do business.Furthermore, business ethics are important for attracting and retaining top talent. Employees are more likely to be loyal and committed to a company that has a strong ethical foundation. This can lead to a more motivated workforce and a better company culture.Lastly, business ethics contribute to the overall health ofthe global economy. When companies act ethically, they contribute to a fair and competitive market that benefits all participants. This can lead to economic stability and growth.In conclusion, business ethics are not just a moralimperative but also a strategic necessity in the global marketplace. They are essential for building trust,maintaining relationships, ensuring compliance, attracting talent, and contributing to economic health. Companies that prioritize business ethics are more likely to succeed in the long term and make a positive impact on society.翻译：在国际商业领域，商业伦理的概念至关重要。
Ethics
• In 1988 – the government made it legal to pay foreign officials in order to facilitate or expedite permits, licenses, other approvals. • Thus, it made easier for U.S. companies to make payments to facilitate customs procedures, and in addition firms may not be liable for under the table payments made by their reps, unless the company knew about them • The bribery issue is more prevalent in some nations more than in others (See ranking) • Most likely targets: defense contracts, large construction projects, turnkey projects.
IV - GIFTS
Legal and Illegal Gifts and Practices
cigarette smoking as an ethical problem. Medical dangers of “passively inhaling smoke from another person’s cigarette. • Forces in the “External Environment”played a role in a society reordering its ethical priorities. Needs to gain international credibility.
国际商务的社会责任
Relativism is the belief that ethical truths are not absolute but differ from group-to-group; according to this perspective, a good rule is, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
Employees overlook unethical behaviour in others because of peer pressure or self-interest. Managers tolerate lower ethical standards in value-chain activities performed by suppliers or
“The obligation of organization management to make decisions and take actions that will enhance the welfare and interests of society as well as the organization.” Daft (2006, p.166)
Improper Ethical Behaviour
Top management sets goals and incentives aimed at promoting good outcomes (e.g., profits) that instead encourage bad behaviours.
国际贸易英文课件 (1)
The Roots of Unethical
• Why do managers behave in a manner that is unethical?
– Business ethics are not divorced from personal ethics – Businesspeople sometimes do not realize they are
– Advocates of this approach argue that businesses need to recognize their noblesse oblige (benevolent behavior that is the responsibility of successful enterprises)
• In the international business setting, the most common ethical issues involve
– Employment practices – Human rights – Environmental regulations – Corruption – Moral obligation of multinational corporations
• Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of business people
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Multinational corporations have power that comes from their control over resources and their ability to move production from country to country Moral philosophers argue that with power comes the social responsibility for corporations to give something back to the societies that enable them to prosper and grow
Environmental questions take on added importance because some parts of the environment are a public good that no one owns, but anyone can despoil
Moral Obligations
Corruption
Many opportunities for corruption in international business The United States passed the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in 1977 to fight corruption The OECD adopted the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions in 1997
• Social responsibility refers to the idea that businesspeople should consider the social consequences of economic actions when making business decisions • Advocates of this approach argue that businesses need to recognize their noblesse oblige (benevolent behavior that is the responsibility of successful enterprises)
Environmental Protection
Ethical issues arise when environmental regulations in host nations are far inferior to those in the home nation
Developing nations often lack environmental regulations. Should MNCs be allowed to pollute according to their standards or home standards?
Roots of Ethical Behavior
Human Rights
Questions of human rights can arise in international business because basic human rights not the same across nations Controversial rights include freedom of association, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of movement, and freedom from political repression What is the responsibility of a foreign multinational when operating in a country with limited human rights?
• When work conditions in a host nation are clearly inferior to those in a multinational’s home nation, what standards should be applied? • While few would suggest that pay and work conditions should be the same across nations, how much divergence is acceptable?
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Ethics in Business
Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of business people An ethical strategy is a strategy or course of action that does not violate these accepted principles
• • • • • Employment practices Human rights Environmental regulations Corruption Moral obligation of multinational corporations
Employment Practices
Ethical issues associated with employment practices abroad include
Polycentrism
• Belief that local customs and values should prevail over that of home country
Geocentrism
• The best practices and ideas can be found in and adopted from any part of the world
Ethics in the Int’l Context
Many of the ethical issues and dilemmas in international business are rooted in the fact that political systems, law, economic development, and culture vary significantly from nation to nation In the international business setting, the most common ethical issues involve
Ethics in International Business
Chapter 4
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Orientation Towards Other Societies
Ethnocentrism
• Belief that home country ideas and values are superior to those of other countries