教育(英译汉)
英语二英汉互译答案
UNIT 1一.英译汉。
1. On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice.-在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。
2. These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it's true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。
当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。
例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。
中小学教育词汇汉英对译'
中小学教育词汇汉英对译普及教育universal education义务教育compulsory education; free education学前教育preschool education初等教育elementary education中等教育secondary education普遍教育general education基本框架basic framework办学效益efficiency in school management协调发展coordinated and balanced program of development教育投入input in education优化教师队伍optimize the teaching staff实行分区规划practice regional planning社会参与communal participation新增劳动力incoming labor force重点学科key disciplinary areas or priority fields of study注册人数enrollment年龄段（层）age bracket反复灌输inculcate希望工程Project Hope学龄儿童school-ager辍/失学青少年school dropout/leaver基础科学the fundamentals示范试点demonstration pilot project结合、使加入incorporate动员mobilize税收tax revenue半文盲semiliterate; functional illiterate占百分比account for ...%专任教师full-time teacher资料中心data center国际文化交流intercultural communication教育方针guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人。
新视野读写教程第三版大学英语4翻译
第一单元一、英译汉Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。
His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics, poetry, theater, music, linguistics, politics and government, and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy.他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。
Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics.亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。
He believed all people's concepts and all their knowledge were ultimately based on perception.他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。
His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works.他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。
He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era.他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。
英译汉段落理解-教育发展(参考译文)
英译汉之段落理解一一教育发展（参考译文）Towards 2030: a new vision for education迈向2030：新的教育愿景Our vision is to transform lives through education, recognizing the important role of education as a main driver of development and in achieving the other proposed SDGs. We commit with a sense of urgency to a single, renewed education agenda that is holistic, ambitious and aspirational, leaving no one behind. It is inspired by a humanistic vision of education and development based on human rights and dignity; social justice; inclusion; protection; cultural, linguistic and ethnic diversity; and shared responsibility and accountability. We reaffirm that education is a public good, a fundamental human right and a basis for guaranteeing the realization of other rights. It is essential for peace, tolerance, human fulfilment and sustainable development. We recognize education as key to achieving full employment and poverty eradication. We will focus our efforts on access, equity and inclusion, quality and learning outcomes, within a lifelong learning approach.我们的愿景是通过教育改变生活，认识到教育作为发展的主要动力所发挥的重要作用，在实现其他拟议的可持续发展目标方面所扮演的重要角色。
成人教育--英汉汉英互译
Part One Introduction (1)Part Two A Comparison of Thought Patterns between Chinese and Westerners (2)Part Three A Comparison between Chinese and English Languages (4)Part Four Translation Strategies (10)Part One Introduction1. General Translation Principles“信、达、雅” “化境” “传神” “直译”Vs“意译”――impressionist.遵循译语句法和惯用法规范，采取适当的变通和补偿手段，以保证特定上下文中最重要 意义的优先传译为前提，尽可能多和正确地传递原语信息地多重意义，以争取原文和译文最 大限度地等值。
(柯平)1) 译语句法和惯用法规范 扫盲班 literacy class. 冒冷汗 #sweat cold sweat, break out in coldsweat. 我和她在公园分手了。
2) 适当地变通和补偿手段，即“翻译技巧” 。
包括：加注(annotation)、增益(contextualamplification) 、 视点转换 (shift of perspective) 、 具体化 (specification) 、 概略化 (generalization)、释义(paraphrase)、归化(adaptation)和回译(bask translation)。
3)上下文中最重要意义的优先传译:争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收For better (athletic) records and sportsmanship (程镇球译)4) 多重意义，最大限度的等值小的扣紧，大的放松，池子里捕鱼，太湖里放生。
（夏衍：《考验》）Fussy about trifles, careless about big things. Penny wise, pound foolish. (Ying Yu 译)如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。
英语选择性必修一第一单元第二单元单词音标练习
2019版人教版新课标高中英语选择性必修1词汇表（带音标单词表+带音标汉译英默写+无音标汉译英默写+英译汉默写）Unit 1physiology[ˌfɪzɪˈɒləʤi]n. 生理学；生理机能artemisinin[,ɑːtɪ'miːsɪnɪn]n. [药]青蒿素crucial[ˈkruːʃəl]adj. 至关重要的；关键性的malaria[məˈleərɪə]n. 疟疾vital[ˈvaɪtl]adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的committed[kəˈmɪtɪd]adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的commit[kəˈmɪt]v vi. 承诺；保证（某个人、机构等）;. 忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）commit oneself to do[kəˈmɪt wʌnˈsɛlf tuː duː]承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等academy[əˈkædəmi]n. （艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校academic[ˌækəˈdɛmɪk]adj. 学业的；学术的objective[əbˈʤɛktɪv]n adj. 目标；目的;. 客观的botanical[bəˈtænɪkəl]adj. 植物学的evaluate[ɪˈvæljʊeɪt]vt. 评价；评估property[ˈprɒpəti]n. 性质；特征；财产distinct[dɪsˈtɪŋkt]adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的extract[ˈɛkstrækt]n vt. 提取物；摘录;. 提取；提炼；摘录；（用力）拔出wormwood[ˈwɜːmwʊd]n. 蒿；洋艾boil[bɔɪl]vt. ＆vi n. （使）沸腾；煮开；烧开;. 沸腾；沸点liquid[ˈlɪkwɪd]n adj.. 液体; 液体的；液态的obtain[əbˈteɪn]vt vi. （尤指经努力）获得；贏得;. （规章、习俗等）存在；流行acknowledge[əkˈnɒlɪʤ]vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢defeat[dɪˈfiːt]n vt. 失败；挫败;. 击败；战胜analyse[ˈænəlaɪz]vt. 分析apparently[əˈpærəntli]adv. 显而易见；看来；显然substance[ˈsʌbstəns]n. 物质；物品；事实根据insist[ɪnˈsɪst]vi. ＆vt. 坚持；坚决要求insist on[ɪnˈsɪst ɒn]坚決要求scientific[ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk]adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的mostly[ˈməʊstli]adv. 主要地；一般地wear and tear[weər ænd teə]（正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗conclusion[kənˈkluːʒən]n. 结论；推论penicillin[ˌpɛnɪˈsɪlɪn]n. 青霉素；盘尼西林flee[fliː]vt. （fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑circumstance[ˈsɜːkəmstəns]n. [usually pl].条件；环境；状况novelist[ˈnɒvəlɪst]n. 小说家novel[ˈnɒvəl]n. （长篇）小说flow[fləʊ]n vi. 流；流动；流畅；供应;. 流；流动chart[ʧɑːt]n vt. 图表;. 记录；制订计划flow chart[fləʊʧɑːt]流程图found[faʊnd]vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在infer[ɪnˈfɜː]vt. 推断；推定politician[ˌpɒlɪˈtɪʃən]n. 从政者；政治家；政客numerous[ˈnjuːmərəs]adj. 众多的；许多的theory[ˈθɪəri]n. 理论；学说relativity[ˌrɛləˈtɪvɪti]n. 相对论；相对性formula[ˈfɔːmjʊlə]n. 公式；方程式；配方genius[ˈʤiːniəs]n. （pl. genuses)天才；天资；天赋gentle[ˈʤɛntl]adj. 温柔的；文静的patent[ˈpeɪtənt]n adj. 专利；专利证书；获得专利;. 有专利的；受专利保护的passion[ˈpæʃən]n. 酷爱；激情doctorate[ˈdɒktərɪt]n. 博士学位extraordinary[ɪksˈtrɔːdnri]adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的gradually[ˈgrædjʊəli]adv. 逐渐地；逐步地photoelectric[ˌfəʊtəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk]adj. 光电的come to power[kʌm tuːˈpaʊə]（开始）掌权；上台institution[ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən]n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗institute[ˈɪnstɪtjuːt]n. （教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑consequence[ˈkɒnsɪkwəns]n. 结果；后果take up a position[teɪk ʌp ə pəˈzɪʃən]担任；任职moustache[məsˈtɑːʃ]n. 上唇的胡子；髭peculiarity[pɪˌkjuːlɪˈærɪti]n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质encounter[ɪnˈkaʊntə]vt n. 偶然碰到；遇到;. 邂适；遭遇professor[prəˈfɛsə]n. 教授mourn[mɔːn]vt. ＆. vi. 哀悼；忧伤remarkable[rɪˈmɑːkəbl]adv. 非凡的；显著的device[dɪˈvaɪs]n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器sum[sʌm]vi n. 总结；概括;. 金额；款项；总数；总和sum up[sʌm ʌp]总结；概括draft[drɑːft]n vt. 草稿；草案;. 起草；草拟Nobel Prize[nəʊˈbɛl praɪz]诺贝尔奖Alexander Fleming[ˌælɪgˈzɑːndəˈflɛmɪŋ]亚历山大·弗莱明Albert Einstein[ˈælbət ˈaɪnstaɪn]阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦Hitler[ˈhɪtlə]希特勒Elon Musk[ mʌsk]埃隆·马斯克Florence Nightingale[ˈflɒrəns ˈnaɪtɪŋgeɪl]弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔SARS[ɛs-eɪ-ɑːr-ɛs]abbr. 严重急性呼吸综合征Switzerland[ˈswɪtsələnd]瑞士（国家名）Swiss[swɪs]adj n. . 瑞士的;（pl. Swiss）瑞士人Isaac Newton[ˈaɪzək ˈnjuːt(ə)n]艾萨克·牛顿Jewish[ˈʤu(ː)ɪʃ]adj. 犹太人的；犹太教的Princeton[ˈprɪnstən]普林斯顿（美国城市）Unit 2phrase[freɪz]n. 短语；词组persuade[pəˈsweɪd]vt. 劝说；说服switch[swɪʧ]vi＆vt n.. 转换；交换;. （使）改变；转变;开关；转换器；改变switch off/on[swɪʧɒf/ɒn]关/开（电灯、机器等）distant[ˈdɪstənt]adj. 遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的secure[sɪˈkjʊə]adj vt. 安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的;. 获得；拴牢；保护knob[nɒb]n. 旋钮；球形把手appliance[əˈplaɪəns]n. 电器；器具remote[rɪˈməʊt]adj. 远程的；偏远的remote control[rɪˈməʊt kənˈtrəʊl]遥控器；遥控air conditioner[eə kənˈdɪʃənə]空调机；空调设备automatic[ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk]adj. 自动的integrated[ˈɪntɪgreɪtɪd]adj. 各部分密切协调的；综合的integrate[ˈɪntɪgreɪt]vi. ＆vt. （使）合并；成为一体sensor[ˈsɛnsə]n. 传感器；敏感元件efficient[ɪˈfɪʃənt]adj. 效率高的；有功效的mode[məʊd]n. 模式；方式；风格routine[ruːˈtiːn]n adj. 常规；正常顺序;. 常规的；日常的daily routine[ˈdeɪli ruːˈtiːn]日常生活preference[ˈprɛfərəns]n. 爱好；偏爱instant[ˈɪnstənt]n adj. 瞬间；片刻;. 立即的；速食的；速溶的command[kəˈmɑːnd]n vt. 指令；命令；控制;. 命令；控制obey[əˈbeɪ]vi. ＆vt. 服从；遵守warning[ˈwɔːnɪŋ]n. 警告；警示；先兆constant[ˈkɒnstənt]adj n. . 不断的；重复的；不变的;. 常数；常量early on[ˈɜːli ɒn]在初期；早先abnormal[æbˈnɔːməl]adj. 不正常的；反常的critical[ˈkrɪtɪkəl]adj. 严重的；关键的；批判性的cancer[ˈkænsə]n. 癌；癌症；毒瘤potentially[pəʊˈtɛnʃəli]adv. 潜在地；可能地potential[pəʊˈtɛnʃəl]adj n. . 可能的；潜在的;. 潜力；可能性leak[liːk]vi＆vt n.. 漏；渗漏；透露;. 漏洞；裂缝；透露electrical[ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl]adj. 电的；用电的wiring[ˈwaɪərɪŋ]n. 电线线路；线路系统wire[ˈwaɪə]n vt. 电线；金属丝（或线）;. 接通电源；将……连接到detect[dɪˈtɛkt]vt. 发现；查明relevant[ˈrɛlɪvənt]adj. 有关的；有意义的catch fire[kæʧˈfaɪə]着火fantasy[ˈfæntəsi]n. 幻想；想象innovation[ˌɪnəʊˈveɪʃən]n. 创新；创造available[əˈveɪləbl]adj. 可获得的；可购得的；（人）有空的in this sense[ɪn ðɪs sɛns]（in…sense)从这种（某种）意义上来讲nevertheless[ˌnɛvəðəˈlɛs]adv. 尽管如此；不过；然而structure[ˈstrʌkʧə]n vt. 结构；体系;. 系统安排；精心组织security[sɪˈkjʊərɪti]n. 保护描施；安全工作crime[kraɪm]n. 犯罪活动；不法行为combine[ˈkɒmbaɪn]vt. &vi. （使）结合；混合nanobotn. 纳米机器人artificial[ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l]adj. 人工的；人造的；假的artificial intelligence[ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l ɪnˈtɛlɪʤəns]（AI)人工智能clone[kləʊn]vt n. 克隆；以无性繁殖技术复制;. 克隆动物（或植物）predict[prɪˈdɪkt]vt. 预测；预言；预料prediction[prɪˈdɪkʃən]n. 预测；预言forecast[ˈfɔːkɑːst]vt. &n. 预测；预报occupation[ˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən]n. 职业；占领oppose[əˈpəʊz]vt. 反对；抵制；阻挠hence[hɛns]adv. 因此；由此cease[siːs]vi. ＆vt. （使）停止；终止deceased[dɪˈsiːst]adj. 已死的；亡故的absence[ˈæbsəns]n. 不存在；缺乏；缺席rural[ˈrʊərəl]adj. 乡村的；农村的advocate[ˈædvəkɪt]n n. 提倡；支持；拥护;. 提倡者；支持者；拥护者emphasis[ˈɛmfəsɪs]n. 强调；重视；重要性luxury[ˈlʌkʃəri]n. 奢华keep in touch with...[kiːp ɪn tʌʧ wɪð...]与……保持联系；了解（某课题或领域的情况）career[kəˈrɪə]n. 职业；事业prospect[ˈprɒspɛkt]n. 可能性；前景resist[rɪˈzɪst]vi. ＆vt. 抵制；反抗；抵挡resistance[rɪˈzɪstəns]n. 抵制；反对；抗拒paragraph[ˈpærəgrɑːf]n. 段；段落signpost[ˈsaɪnpəʊst]n. 路标essay[ˈɛseɪ]n. 文章accurate[ˈækjʊrɪt]adj. 精确的；准确的librarian[laɪˈbreərɪən]n. 图书管理员；图书馆馆长Melbourne[ˈmɛlbən]墨尔本（澳大利亚城市）Christian[ˈkrɪsʧən]n adj. 基督教徒;. 基督教的the Amishn. 阿曼门诺派Unit 3buffet[ˈbʌfɪt]vt n. 连续猛击；打来打去;. 自助餐cloth[klɒθ]n. （一块）布；织物；布料edge[ɛʤ]n vt. ＆vi. 边；边缘；边线；刀刃;. （使）徐徐移动；给……加边valley[ˈvæli]n. 谷；山谷；溪谷vast[vɑːst]adj. 辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的glacier[ˈglæsiə]n. 冰川reindeer[ˈreɪndɪə]n. 驯鹿territory[ˈtɛrɪtəri]n. 领士；版图；领域；地盘ban[bæn]vt n. 明令禁止；取缔;. 禁令boundary[ˈbaʊndəri]n. 边界；界限；分界线cottage[ˈkɒtɪʤ]n. 小屋；（尤指）村舍；小别墅visible[ˈvɪzəbl]adj. 看得见的；可见的on the move[ɒn ðə muːv]在行进中；在移动中accompany[əˈkʌmpəni]vt. 陪同；陪伴；伴随；（尤指用钢琴）为……伴奏adopt[əˈdɒpt]vt vt. ＆vi. 采用；采取；采纳;. 领养sour[ˈsaʊə]adj. 酸的；有酸味的set out[sɛt aʊt]出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作bless[blɛs]vt. 祝福live off依靠……生活；以吃……为生prohibition[ˌprəʊɪˈbɪʃən]n. 禁止；阻止；禁令prohibit[prəˈhɪbɪt]vt. （尤指以法令）禁止；阻止journalist[ˈʤɜːnəlɪst]n. 新闻记者；新闻工作者sneeze[sniːz]vi n. 打喷嚏;. 喷嚏；喷嚏声teapot[ˈtiːˌpɒt]n. 茶壶label[ˈleɪbl]vt n. 用标签标明；贴标签;. 标签；标记cream[kriːm]n adj. 奶油；乳脂；护肤霜;. 奶油色的；濙黄色的leopard[ˈlɛpəd]n. 豹stretch[strɛʧ]vi. ＆vt. 延伸；延续;. 伸展；舒展rewarding[rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ]adj. 值得做的；有益的bush[bʊʃ]n. 灌木lung[lʌŋ]n. 肺cycle[ˈsaɪkl]n vi. 自行车；摩托车；循环;. 骑自行车corridor[ˈkɒrɪdɔː]n. 狭长地带；走廊；过道；通道pedal[ˈpɛdl]n vt. ＆vi. （自行车等的）脚镫子；踏板;. 骑自行车；踩踏板fountain[ˈfaʊntɪn]n. 喷泉；人工喷泉；喷水池route[ruːt]n. 路线；路途；途径ahead[əˈhɛd]adv. 向前；在前面；提前theme[θiːm]adj n. . 有特定主题的;. 主题；主题思想theme park[θiːm pɑːk]主题公园；主题乐园roller coaster[ˈrəʊləˈkəʊstə]n. 过山车incredible[ɪnˈkrɛdəbl]adj. 极好的；极大的；难以置信的appeal[əˈpiːl]vi n. 有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉;. 吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求appeal to[əˈpiːl tuː]有吸引力；有感染力；呼呼；上诉；打动pirate[ˈpaɪərɪt]n vt. 海盗；盗版者;. 盗印；窃用adorable[əˈdɔːrəbl]adj. 可爱的；讨人喜爱的wander[ˈwɒndə]n vt. ＆vi. 游荡；闲逛；流浪;. 闲逛；漫游;走失；离散；走神amusement[əˈmjuːzmənt]n. 娱乐（活动）；愉悦amuse[əˈmjuːz]vt. （提供）消遣；（使）娱乐enormous[ɪˈnɔːməs]adj. 巨大的；极大的swing[swɪŋ]vt. ＆vi. （swung,swung)（使）摆动；摇摆；转弯；（使）突然转向iron[ˈaɪən]n vt. ＆vi. 铁；铁器；铸铁；熨斗;. （用熨斗）熨；烫平fashion[ˈfæʃən]n. 时尚；时兴；流行款式rare[reə]adj. 稀少的；珍贵的；（肉）半熟的steam[stiːm]n vi. 蒸汽；水蒸气；蒸汽动力;. 蒸发；散发蒸汽；冒水汽superb[sju(ː)ˈpɜːb]adj. 极佳的；卓越的aquarium[əˈkweərɪəm]n.（pl. aquariums/aquaria)水族馆；水族玻璃槽；养鱼缸up to[ʌp tuː]达到（某数量、程度等）；直到；不多于；（体力或智力上）能胜任polar[ˈpəʊlə]adj. （近）极地的；南极（或北极）的；磁极的upside down[ˈʌpsaɪd daʊn]颠倒；倒转；翻转splendid[ˈsplɛndɪd]adj. 壮丽的；雄伟的；极佳的；非常好的display[dɪsˈpleɪ]n vt. 展览；陈列；展览品;. 显示；陈列appetite[ˈæpɪtaɪt]n. 食欲；胃口；强烈欲望entertainment[ˌɛntəˈteɪnmənt]n. 娱乐；招待；娱乐活动；文娱节目column[ˈkɒləm]n. （书、报纸印刷页上的）栏；专栏；柱（形物）Sami萨米人（居住在斯堪的纳维亚北部的拉普人）Sarek National Park萨勒克国家公园Sweden瑞典（国家名）the Arctic Circle北极圈Rapa拉帕河Siberianadj n. . 西伯利亚（人）的;. 西伯利亚人Dollywood多莉山主题公园Unit 4interaction[ˌɪntərˈækʃən]n. 交流；相互影响vary[ˈveəri]vi. （根据情况）变化；改变appropriate[əˈprəʊprɪɪt]adj. 合适的；恰当的by contrast[baɪˈkɒntrɑːst]相比之下approve[əˈpruːv]vi vt. 赞成；同意;. 批准；通过demonstrate[ˈdɛmənstreɪt]vt. 表现；表达；说明；证明gesture[ˈʤɛsʧə]n. 手势；姿势；姿态witness[ˈwɪtnɪs]vt n. 当场看到；目击；见证;. 目击者；证人employ[ɪmˈplɔɪ]vt. 使用；应用；雇用identical[aɪˈdɛntɪkəl]adj. 相同的interpret[ɪnˈtɜːprɪt]vt vi. ＆vt. 把……理解（解释）为;. 口译differ[ˈdɪfə]vi. 相异；不同于by comparison[kəmˈpærɪsn]（与……）相比较cheek[ʧiːk]n. 面频；脸频favour[ˈfeɪvə]vt n. 较喜欢；选择；有利于;. 帮助；恩惠；赞同bow[baʊ]vi vt n.. 鞠躬；点头;. 低（头）; 弓；蝴蝶结waist[weɪst]n. 腰；腰部make inferences推理；推断break down消除；分解；打破barrier[ˈbærɪə]n. 隔阂；障碍fake[feɪk]adj. 假装的；假的；冒充的anger[ˈæŋgə]n vt. 愤怒；怒气;. 使生气；激怒reliable[rɪˈlaɪəbl]adj. 可靠的；可信赖的incident[ˈɪnsɪdənt]n. 发生的事情；严重事件；冲突trial[ˈtraɪəl]n. ＆v. 审讯；审判；试验；试用slight[slaɪt]adj. 轻微的；略微的；细小的slightly[ˈslaɪtli]adv. 略微；稍微twin[twɪn]adj n. . 双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的;. 孪生之一；双胞胎之一nonverbal[nɒnˈvɜːb(ə)l]adj. 不涉及言语的；非言语的assessment[əˈsɛsmənt]n. 评价；评定assess[əˈsɛs]vt. 评估；评价internal[ɪnˈtɜːnl]adj. 内部的；里面的straighten up[ˈstreɪtn ʌp]直起来；整理；收拾整齐slump[slʌmp]v. 垂头弯腰地走（或坐等）pose[pəʊz]n vi vt.. 故作姿态；（为画像、拍照等摆的）姿势;. 摆好姿势; 造成（威胁、问题等）bend[bɛnd]vt. ＆v. （bent，bent)（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向reveal[rɪˈviːl]vt. 揭示；显示；露出clarify[ˈklærɪfaɪ]vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清in other words换句话说；也就是说educator[ˈɛdju(ː)keɪtə]n. 教师；教育工作者；教育家tick[tɪk]vt vi n. . 给（试卷、问题等）打钩号;. （钟表）发出嘀嗒声;钩号tendency[ˈtɛndənsi]n. 趋势；倾向lower[ˈləʊə]vt adj. 把……放低；降低；减少;. 下面的；下方的；较小的imply[ɪmˈplaɪ]vt. 意味着；暗示barely[ˈbeəli]adv. 几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚chin[ʧɪn]n. 下巴occupy[ˈɒkjʊpaɪ]vt. 占据；占用stare[steə]vi n. 盯着看；凝视;. 凝视ceiling[ˈsiːlɪŋ]n. 天花板；上限distract[dɪsˈtrækt]vt. 分散（注意力）；使分心perceive[pəˈsiːv]vt. 察觉；看待；理解distinguish[dɪsˈtɪŋgwɪʃ]vi. ＆vt. 区分；辨别anxiety[æŋˈzaɪəti]n. 焦虑；担心；害怕chest[ʧɛst]n. 胸部；胸膛embarrassed[ɪmˈbærəst]adj. 难堪的；尴尬的ashamed[əˈʃeɪmd]adj. 羞愧；惭愧merely[ˈmɪəli]adv. 只是；仅仅；只不过call[kɔːl]on（短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请bother[ˈbɒðə]vi. ＆vt n. 费心；麻烦；因……操心;. 麻烦；不便weep[wiːp]vi. ＆vt. 哭泣；流泪at work[æt wɜːk]有某种影响；在工作conflict[ˈkɒnflɪkt]n vi. 矛盾；冲突;. 冲突；抵触inquire[ɪnˈkwaɪə]（=enquire）vi. ＆vt. 询问；打听ultimately[ˈʌltɪmɪtli]adv. 最终；最后adjust[əˈʤʌst]vi. ＆vt. 调整；调节;. 适应；（使）习惯intervene[ˌɪntə(ː)ˈviːn]vi. 干预；介入react[ri(ː)ˈækt]vi. （对……）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应component[kəmˈpəʊnənt]n. 组成部分；零件tone[təʊn]n. 语气；腔调；口吻Brazil[brəˈzɪl]巴西（国家名）Bulgaria[bʌlˈgeərɪə]保加利亚（国家名）Albania[ælˈbeɪnɪə]阿尔巴尼亚（国家名）Unit 5hybrid[ˈhaɪbrɪd]n. 杂交植（动）物；合成物；混合动力车devote[dɪˈvəʊt]vt. 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心shortage[ˈʃɔːtɪʤ]n. 不足；缺少；短缺tackle[ˈtækl]vt. 解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理crisis[ˈkraɪsɪs]n. （pl. crises)危机；危急关头boost[buːst]vt n. 使增长；使兴旺;. 增长；提高；激励yield[jiːld]n vt vi. . 产量；产出;. 出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等）;屈服；让步convince[kənˈvɪns]vt. 使相信；使确信；说服characteristic[ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk]n adj. 特征；特点；品质;. 典型的；独特的attain[əˈteɪn]vt. （通常经过努力）获得；得到conventional[kənˈvɛnʃənl]adj. 传统的；习惯的pollinate[ˈpɒlɪneɪt]vt. 授粉；传粉assumption[əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n]n. 假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权利的）获得intense[ɪnˈtɛns]adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的overcome[ˌəʊvəˈkʌm]vt. （overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜expand[ɪksˈpænd]vt. ＆vi . 扩大；增加;. 扩展；发展（业务）output[ˈaʊtpʊt]n vt. . 产量；输出；输出量;（output，output）输出estimate[ˈɛstɪmɪt]vt n. 估计；估价；估算;. 估计；估算domestic[dəʊˈmɛstɪk]adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的consumption[kənˈsʌm(p)ʃən]n. 消耗；消耗量；消费comprise[kəmˈpraɪz] . 包括；包含；由……组成be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成（或构成）generate[ˈʤɛnəreɪt]vt. 产生；引起strain[streɪn]n. （动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力ensure[ɪnˈʃʊə]n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲deep down[diːp daʊn]在内心深处；本质上；实际上soil[sɔɪl]n. 泥士；土壤；国土；领土celebrity[sɪˈlɛbrɪti]n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流envision[ɪnˈvɪʒən]vt. 展望；想象sorghum[ˈsɔːgəm]n. 高梁；高梁米broom[brʊm]n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花grain[greɪn]n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒vision[ˈvɪʒən]n. 想象；视力；视野；影像reality[ri(ː)ˈælɪti]n. 现实；实际情况；事实salty[ˈsɔːlti]adj. 含盐的；咸的urban[ˈɜːbən]adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的bomb[bɒm]n v. 炸弹;. 轰炸；对……投炸弹tunnel[ˈtʌnl]n. 地下通道；地道；隧道extension[ɪksˈtɛnʃən]n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机chemical[ˈkɛmɪkəl]adj n. . 与化学有关的；化学的;. 化学制品；化学品wheat[wiːt]n. 小麦；小麦籽flavor[ˈfleɪvə]n. 味道；特点；特色fertilizer[ˈfɜːtɪlaɪzə]n. 肥料nutritional[nju(ː)ˈtrɪʃən(ə)l]adj. 营养（物）的nutritious[nju(ː)ˈtrɪʃəs]adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的nutrition[nju(ː)ˈtrɪʃən]n. 营养；滋养alleviate[əˈliːvɪeɪt]vt. 减轻；缓解poverty[ˈpɒvəti]n. 贫穷；贫困organic[ɔːˈgænɪk]adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的pesticide[ˈpɛstɪsaɪd]n. 杀虫剂；除害药物widespread[ˈwaɪdsprɛd]a. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的bacterium[bækˈtɪərɪəm]n. 细菌in turn[ɪn tɜːn]相应地；转而；依次；轮流digest[ˈdaɪʤɛst]vt. ＆vi n. . 消化;. 领会；领悟;摘要；文摘essential[ɪˈsɛnʃəl]adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的mineral[ˈmɪnərəl]n. 矿物；矿物质alternative[ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv]n adj. 可供选择的事物;. 可供替代的；非传统的grocery[ˈgrəʊsəri]n. 食品杂货店；[pl. ]食品杂货instance[ˈɪnstəns]n. 例子；实例；事例for instance[fɔːr ˈɪnstəns]例如；比如depth[dɛpθ]n. 向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）root[ruːt]n. 根；根茎；根部；根源entirely[ɪnˈtaɪəli]adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地aspect[ˈæspɛkt]n. 方面；层面Vietnam[ˌvjɛtˈnɑːm]越南（国家名）LEDabbr.（light-wmitting diode)发光二极管DDTn. 滴滴涕（旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂）单词汉译英 -拼写-默写Unit 1____________________[ˌfɪzɪˈɒləʤi]n. 生理学；生理机能______________________[,ɑːtɪ'miːsɪnɪn]n. [药]青蒿素______________[ˈkruːʃəl]adj. 至关重要的；关键性的______________[məˈleərɪə]n. 疟疾__________[ˈvaɪtl]adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的__________________[kəˈmɪtɪd]adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的____________[kəˈmɪt]v vi. 承诺；. 忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）_________________________承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等______________[əˈkædəmi]n. （艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校________________[ˌækəˈdɛmɪk]adj. 学业的；学术的__________________[əbˈʤɛktɪv]n adj. 目标；目的；. 客观的__________________[bəˈtænɪkəl]adj. 植物学的________________[ɪˈvæljʊeɪt]vt. 评价；评估________________[ˈprɒpəti]n. 性质；特征；财产________________[dɪsˈtɪŋkt]adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的______________[ˈɛkstrækt]n vt. 提取物；摘录；. 提取；提炼；摘录；（用力）拔出________________[ˈwɜːmwʊd]n. 蒿；洋艾________________[bɔɪl]vt. ＆vi n. （使）沸腾；煮开；烧开；. 沸腾；沸点____________[ˈlɪkwɪd]n adj.. 液体；液体的；液态的____________[əbˈteɪn]vt vi. （尤指经努力）获得；贏得；. （规章、习俗等）存在；流行______________________[əkˈnɒlɪʤ]vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢____________[dɪˈfiːt]n vt. 失败；挫败；. 击败；战胜______________[ˈænəlaɪz]vt. 分析____________________[əˈpærəntli]adv. 显而易见；看来；显然__________________[ˈsʌbstəns]n. 物质；物品；事实根据____________[ɪnˈsɪst]vi. ＆vt. 坚持；坚决要求__________________[ɪnˈsɪst ɒn]坚決要求____________________[ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk]adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的____________[ˈməʊstli]adv. 主要地；一般地__________________________[weər ænd teə]（正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗____________________[kənˈkluːʒən]n. 结论；推论____________________[ˌpɛnɪˈsɪlɪn]n. 青霉素；盘尼西林________________[fliː]vt. （fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑________________________[ˈsɜːkəmstəns]n. [usually pl].条件；环境；状况________________[ˈnɒvəlɪst]n. 小说家__________[ˈnɒvəl]n. （长篇）小说________________[fləʊ]n vi. 流；流动；流畅；供应；. 流；流动__________[ʧɑːt]n vt. 图表；. 记录；制订计划____________________[fləʊʧɑːt]流程图__________[faʊnd]vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在__________[ɪnˈfɜː]vt. 推断；推定____________________[ˌpɒlɪˈtɪʃən]n. 从政者；政治家；政客________________[ˈnjuːmərəs]adj. 众多的；许多的____________[ˈθɪəri]n. 理论；学说____________________[ˌrɛləˈtɪvɪti]n. 相对论；相对性______________[ˈfɔːmjʊlə]n. 公式；方程式；配方____________[ˈʤiːniəs]n. （pl. genuses)天才；天资；天赋____________[ˈʤɛntl]adj. 温柔的；文静的____________[ˈpeɪtənt]n adj. 专利；专利证书；获得专利；. 有专利的；受专利保护的______________[ˈpæʃən]n. 酷爱；激情__________________[ˈdɒktərɪt]n. 博士学位__________________________[ɪksˈtrɔːdnri]adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的__________________[ˈgrædjʊəli]adv. 逐渐地；逐步地__________________________[ˌfəʊtəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk]adj. 光电的__________________________[kʌm tuːˈpaʊə]（开始）掌权；上台______________________[ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən]n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗__________________[ˈɪnstɪtjuːt]n. （教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑______________________[ˈkɒnsɪkwəns]n. 结果；后果____________________________________[teɪk ʌp ə pəˈzɪʃən]担任；任职__________________[məsˈtɑːʃ]n. 上唇的胡子；髭______________________[pɪˌkjuːlɪˈærɪti]n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质__________________[ɪnˈkaʊntə]vt n. 偶然碰到；遇到；. 邂适；遭遇__________________[prəˈfɛsə]n. 教授__________[mɔːn]vt. ＆. vi. 哀悼；忧伤____________________[rɪˈmɑːkəbl]adv. 非凡的；显著的____________[dɪˈvaɪs]n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器______________[sʌm]vi n. 总结；概括；. 金额；款项；总数；总和____________[sʌm ʌp]总结；概括__________[drɑːft]n vt. 草稿；草案；. 起草；草拟______________________[nəʊˈbɛl praɪz]诺贝尔奖Unit 2____________[freɪz]n. 短语；词组________________[pəˈsweɪd]vt. 劝说；说服____________[swɪʧ]vi＆vt n.. 转换；交换；. （使）改变；转变；开关；转换器；改变__________________________[swɪʧɒf/ɒn]关/开（电灯、机器等）______________[ˈdɪstənt]adj. 遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的____________[sɪˈkjʊə]adj vt. 安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的；. 获得；拴牢；保护________________[nɒb]n. 旋钮；球形把手__________________[əˈplaɪəns]n. 电器；器具____________[rɪˈməʊt]adj. 远程的；偏远的____________________________[rɪˈməʊt kənˈtrəʊl]遥控器；遥控______________________________[eə kənˈdɪʃənə]空调机；空调设备__________________[ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk]adj. 自动的____________________[ˈɪntɪgreɪtɪd]adj. 各部分密切协调的；综合的__________________[ˈɪntɪgreɪt]vi. ＆vt. （使）合并；成为一体____________[ˈsɛnsə]n. 传感器；敏感元件__________________[ɪˈfɪʃənt]adj. 效率高的；有功效的________________[məʊd]n. 模式；方式；风格______________[ruːˈtiːn]n adj. 常规；正常顺序；. 常规的；日常的__________________________[ˈdeɪli ruːˈtiːn]日常生活____________________[ˈprɛfərəns]n. 爱好；偏爱______________[ˈɪnstənt]n adj. 瞬间；片刻；. 立即的；速食的；速溶的______________[kəˈmɑːnd]n vt. 指令；命令；控制；. 命令；控制________________[əˈbeɪ]vi. ＆vt. 服从；遵守______________[ˈwɔːnɪŋ]n. 警告；警示；先兆________________[ˈkɒnstənt]adj n. . 不断的；重复的；不变的；. 常数；常量________________[ˈɜːli ɒn]在初期；早先________________[æbˈnɔːməl]adj. 不正常的；反常的________________[ˈkrɪtɪkəl]adj. 严重的；关键的；批判性的____________[ˈkænsə]n. 癌；癌症；毒瘤______________________[pəʊˈtɛnʃəli]adv. 潜在地；可能地__________________[pəʊˈtɛnʃəl]adj n. . 可能的；潜在的；. 潜力；可能性________[liːk]vi＆vt n.. 漏；渗漏；透露；. 漏洞；裂缝；透露____________________[ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl]adj. 电的；用电的____________[ˈwaɪərɪŋ]n. 电线线路；线路系统________[ˈwaɪə]n vt. 电线；金属丝（或线）；. 接通电源；将……连接到____________[dɪˈtɛkt]vt. 发现；查明________________[ˈrɛlɪvənt]adj. 有关的；有意义的____________________[kæʧˈfaɪə]着火______________[ˈfæntəsi]n. 幻想；想象____________________[ˌɪnəʊˈveɪʃən]n. 创新；创造__________________[əˈveɪləbl]adj. 可获得的；可购得的；（人）有空的__________________________[ɪn ðɪs sɛns]（in…sense)从这种（某种）意义上来讲________________________[ˌnɛvəðəˈlɛs]adv. 尽管如此；不过；然而__________________[ˈstrʌkʧə]n vt. 结构；体系；. 系统安排；精心组织________________[sɪˈkjʊərɪti]n. 保护描施；安全工作__________[kraɪm]n. 犯罪活动；不法行为______________[ˈkɒmbaɪn]vt. &vi. （使）结合；混合______________n. 纳米机器人____________________[ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l]adj. 人工的；人造的；假的______________________________________________[ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l ɪnˈtɛlɪʤəns]（AI)人工智能__________[kləʊn]vt n. 克隆；以无性繁殖技术复制；. 克隆动物（或植物）______________[prɪˈdɪkt]vt. 预测；预言；预料____________________[prɪˈdɪkʃən]n. 预测；预言________________[ˈfɔːkɑːst]vt. &n. 预测；预报____________________[ˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən]n. 职业；占领____________[əˈpəʊz]vt. 反对；抵制；阻挠__________[hɛns]adv. 因此；由此__________[siːs]vi. ＆vt. （使）停止；终止________________[dɪˈsiːst]adj. 已死的；亡故的______________[ˈæbsəns]n. 不存在；缺乏；缺席__________[ˈrʊərəl]adj. 乡村的；农村的________________[ˈædvəkɪt]n n. 提倡；支持；拥护；. 提倡者；支持者；拥护者________________[ˈɛmfəsɪs]n. 强调；重视；重要性____________[ˈlʌkʃəri]n. 奢华________________________与……保持联系；了解（某课题或领域的情况）____________[kəˈrɪə]n. 职业；事业________________[ˈprɒspɛkt]n. 可能性；前景____________[rɪˈzɪst]vi. ＆vt. 抵制；反抗；抵挡____________________[rɪˈzɪstəns]n. 抵制；反对；抗拒__________________[ˈpærəgrɑːf]n. 段；段落________________[ˈsaɪnpəʊst]n. 路标__________[ˈɛseɪ]n. 文章________________[ˈækjʊrɪt]adj. 精确的；准确的__________________[laɪˈbreərɪən]n. 图书管理员；图书馆馆长__________________[ˈkrɪsʧən]n adj. 基督教徒；. 基督教的Unit 3____________[ˈbʌfɪt]vt n. 连续猛击；打来打去；. 自助餐__________[klɒθ]n. （一块）布；织物；布料________________[ɛʤ]n vt. ＆vi. 边；边缘；边线；刀刃；. （使）徐徐移动；给……加边____________[ˈvæli]n. 谷；山谷；溪谷________[vɑːst]adj. 辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的______________[ˈglæsiə]n. 冰川________________[ˈreɪndɪə]n. 驯鹿__________________[ˈtɛrɪtəri]n. 领士；版图；领域；地盘______________[bæn]vt n. 明令禁止；取缔；. 禁令________________[ˈbaʊndəri]n. 边界；界限；分界线______________[ˈkɒtɪʤ]n. 小屋；（尤指）村舍；小别墅______________[ˈvɪzəbl]adj. 看得见的；可见的______________________[ɒn ðə muːv]在行进中；在移动中__________________[əˈkʌmpəni]vt. 陪同；陪伴；伴随；（尤指用钢琴）为……伴奏__________[əˈdɒpt]vt vt. ＆vi. 采用；采取；采纳；. 领养________[ˈsaʊə]adj. 酸的；有酸味的______________[sɛt aʊt]出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作__________[blɛs]vt. 祝福________________依靠……生活；以吃……为生______________________[ˌprəʊɪˈbɪʃən]n. 禁止；阻止；禁令________________[prəˈhɪbɪt]vt. （尤指以法令）禁止；阻止____________________[ˈʤɜːnəlɪst]n. 新闻记者；新闻工作者____________[sniːz]vi n. 打喷嚏；. 喷嚏；喷嚏声____________[ˈtiːˌpɒt]n. 茶壶__________[ˈleɪbl]vt n. 用标签标明；贴标签；. 标签；标记__________[kriːm]n adj. 奶油；乳脂；护肤霜；. 奶油色的；濙黄色的______________[ˈlɛpəd]n. 豹______________[strɛʧ]vi. ＆vt. 延伸；延续；. 伸展；舒展__________________[rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ]adj. 值得做的；有益的________________[bʊʃ]n. 灌木________________[lʌŋ]n. 肺__________[ˈsaɪkl]n vi. 自行车；摩托车；循环；. 骑自行车________________[ˈkɒrɪdɔː]n. 狭长地带；走廊；过道；通道__________________[ˈpɛdl]n vt. ＆vi. （自行车等的）脚镫子；踏板；. 骑自行车；踩踏板________________[ˈfaʊntɪn]n. 喷泉；人工喷泉；喷水池__________[ruːt]n. 路线；路途；途径__________[əˈhɛd]adv. 向前；在前面；提前__________[θiːm]adj n. . 有特定主题的；. 主题；主题思想____________________[θiːm pɑːk]主题公园；主题乐园____________________________[ˈrəʊləˈkəʊstə]n. 过山车____________________[ɪnˈkrɛdəbl]adj. 极好的；极大的；难以置信的____________[əˈpiːl]vi n. 有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉；. 吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求__________________[əˈpiːl tuː]有吸引力；有感染力；呼呼；上诉；打动____________[ˈpaɪərɪt]n vt. 海盗；盗版者；. 盗印；窃用________________[əˈdɔːrəbl]adj. 可爱的；讨人喜爱的____________[ˈwɒndə]n vt. ＆vi. 游荡；闲逛；流浪；. 闲逛；漫游；走失；离散；走神__________________[əˈmjuːzmənt]n. 娱乐（活动）；愉悦__________[əˈmjuːz]vt. （提供）消遣；（使）娱乐________________[ɪˈnɔːməs]adj. 巨大的；极大的__________[swɪŋ]vt. ＆vi. （swung,swung)（使）摆动；摇摆；转弯；（使）突然转向________[ˈaɪən]n vt. ＆vi. 铁；铁器；铸铁；熨斗；. （用熨斗）熨；烫平______________[ˈfæʃən]n. 时尚；时兴；流行款式________[reə]adj. 稀少的；珍贵的；（肉）半熟的__________[stiːm]n vi. 蒸汽；水蒸气；蒸汽动力；. 蒸发；散发蒸汽；冒水汽____________[sju(ː)ˈpɜːb]adj. 极佳的；卓越的________________[əˈkweərɪəm]n.（pl. aquariums/aquaria)水族馆；水族玻璃槽；养鱼缸__________[ʌp tuː]达到（某数量、程度等）；直到；不多于；（体力或智力上）能胜任__________[ˈpəʊlə]adj. （近）极地的；南极（或北极）的；磁极的______________________[ˈʌpsaɪd daʊn]颠倒；倒转；翻转________________[ˈsplɛndɪd]adj. 壮丽的；雄伟的；极佳的；非常好的______________[dɪsˈpleɪ]n vt. 展览；陈列；展览品；. 显示；陈列________________[ˈæpɪtaɪt]n. 食欲；胃口；强烈欲望__________________________[ˌɛntəˈteɪnmənt]n. 娱乐；招待；娱乐活动；文娱节目____________[ˈkɒləm]n. （书、报纸印刷页上的）栏；专栏；柱（形物）Unit 4______________________[ˌɪntərˈækʃən]n. 交流；相互影响________________[ˈveəri]vi. （根据情况）变化；改变______________________[əˈprəʊprɪɪt]adj. 合适的；恰当的______________________[baɪˈkɒntrɑːst]相比之下______________[əˈpruːv]vi vt. 赞成；同意；. 批准；通过______________________[ˈdɛmənstreɪt]vt. 表现；表达；说明；证明______________[ˈʤɛsʧə]n. 手势；姿势；姿态______________[ˈwɪtnɪs]vt n. 当场看到；目击；见证；. 目击者；证人____________[ɪmˈplɔɪ]vt. 使用；应用；雇用__________________[aɪˈdɛntɪkəl]adj. 相同的__________________[ɪnˈtɜːprɪt]vt vi. ＆vt. 把……理解（解释）为；. 口译____________________[ˈdɪfə]vi. 相异；不同于__________________________[kəmˈpærɪsn]（与……）相比较__________________[ʧiːk]n. 面频；脸频____________[ˈfeɪvə]vt n. 较喜欢；选择；有利于；. 帮助；恩惠；赞同______________[baʊ]vi vt n.. 鞠躬；点头；. 低（头）；弓；蝴蝶结__________[weɪst]n. 腰；腰部______________________________推理；推断____________________消除；分解；打破______________[ˈbærɪə]n. 隔阂；障碍________________[feɪk]adj. 假装的；假的；冒充的__________[ˈæŋgə]n vt. 愤怒；怒气；. 使生气；激怒________________[rɪˈlaɪəbl]adj. 可靠的；可信赖的________________[ˈɪnsɪdənt]n. 发生的事情；严重事件；冲突__________[ˈtraɪəl]n. ＆v. 审讯；审判；试验；试用____________[slaɪt]adj. 轻微的；略微的；细小的________________[ˈslaɪtli]adv. 略微；稍微________________[twɪn]adj n. . 双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的；. 孪生之一；双胞胎之一__________________[nɒnˈvɜːb(ə)l]adj. 不涉及言语的；非言语的____________________[əˈsɛsmənt]n. 评价；评定____________[əˈsɛs]vt. 评估；评价________________[ɪnˈtɜːnl]adj. 内部的；里面的__________________________[ˈstreɪtn ʌp]直起来；整理；收拾整齐__________[slʌmp]v. 垂头弯腰地走（或坐等）________________[pəʊz]n vi vt.. 故作姿态；摆好姿势；造成（威胁、问题等）________________[bɛnd]vt. ＆v. （bent，bent)（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向____________[rɪˈviːl]vt. 揭示；显示；露出______________[ˈklærɪfaɪ]vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清____________________________换句话说；也就是说________________[ˈɛdju(ː)keɪtə]n. 教师；教育工作者；教育家________[tɪk]vt vi n. . 给（试卷、问题等）打钩号；. （钟表）发出嘀嗒声；钩号________________[ˈtɛndənsi]n. 趋势；倾向__________[ˈləʊə]vt adj. 把……放低；降低；减少；. 下面的；下方的；较小的__________[ɪmˈplaɪ]vt. 意味着；暗示____________[ˈbeəli]adv. 几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚________[ʧɪn]n. 下巴____________[ˈɒkjʊpaɪ]vt. 占据；占用__________[steə]vi n. 盯着看；凝视；. 凝视______________[ˈsiːlɪŋ]n. 天花板；上限________________[dɪsˈtrækt]vt. 分散（注意力）；使分心________________[pəˈsiːv]vt. 察觉；看待；理解______________________[dɪsˈtɪŋgwɪʃ]vi. ＆vt. 区分；辨别______________[æŋˈzaɪəti]n. 焦虑；担心；害怕__________[ʧɛst]n. 胸部；胸膛______________________[ɪmˈbærəst]adj. 难堪的；尴尬的______________[əˈʃeɪmd]adj. 羞愧；惭愧____________[ˈmɪəli]adv. 只是；仅仅；只不过________________[kɔːl]on（短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请____________[ˈbɒðə]vi. ＆vt n. 费心；麻烦；因……操心；. 麻烦；不便________________[wiːp]vi. ＆vt. 哭泣；流泪______________[æt wɜːk]有某种影响；在工作________________[ˈkɒnflɪkt]n vi. 矛盾；冲突；. 冲突；抵触______________[ɪnˈkwaɪə]（=enquire）vi. ＆vt. 询问；打听____________________[ˈʌltɪmɪtli]adv. 最终；最后____________[əˈʤʌst]vi. ＆vt. 调整；调节；. 适应；（使）习惯__________________[ˌɪntə(ː)ˈviːn]vi. 干预；介入__________[ri(ː)ˈækt]vi. （对……）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应__________________[kəmˈpəʊnənt]n. 组成部分；零件________[təʊn]n. 语气；腔调；口吻____________[brəˈzɪl]巴西（国家名）Unit 5____________[ˈhaɪbrɪd]n. 杂交植（动）物；合成物；混合动力车____________[dɪˈvəʊt]vt. 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于______________________把……用于；献身；致力；专心________________[ˈʃɔːtɪʤ]n. 不足；缺少；短缺____________[ˈtækl]vt. 解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理____________[ˈkraɪsɪs]n. （pl. crises)危机；危急关头__________[buːst]vt n. 使增长；使兴旺；. 增长；提高；激励__________[jiːld]n vt vi. . 产量；产出；. 出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等）；屈服；让步________________[kənˈvɪns]vt. 使相信；使确信；说服____________________________[ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk]n adj. 特征；特点；品质；. 典型的；独特的____________[əˈteɪn]vt. （通常经过努力）获得；得到________________________[kənˈvɛnʃənl]adj. 传统的；习惯的__________________[ˈpɒlɪneɪt]vt. 授粉；传粉____________________[əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n]n. 假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权利的）获得______________[ɪnˈtɛns]adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的________________[ˌəʊvəˈkʌm]vt. （overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜____________[ɪksˈpænd]vt. ＆vi . 扩大；增加；. 扩展；发展（业务）____________[ˈaʊtpʊt]n vt. . 产量；输出；输出量；（output，output）输出________________[ˈɛstɪmɪt]vt n. 估计；估价；估算；. 估计；估算________________[dəʊˈmɛstɪk]adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的______________________[kənˈsʌm(p)ʃən]n. 消耗；消耗量；消费________________[kəmˈpraɪz] . 包括；包含；由……组成______________________________包括；包含；由……组成（或构成）________________[ˈʤɛnəreɪt]vt. 产生；引起____________[streɪn]n. （动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力____________[ɪnˈʃʊə]n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲__________________[diːp daʊn]在内心深处；本质上；实际上________________[sɔɪl]n. 泥士；土壤；国土；领土__________________[sɪˈlɛbrɪti]n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流________________[ɪnˈvɪʒən]vt. 展望；想象______________[ˈsɔːgəm]n. 高梁；高梁米__________[brʊm]n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花__________[greɪn]n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒____________[ˈvɪʒən]n. 想象；视力；视野；影像______________[ri(ː)ˈælɪti]n. 现实；实际情况；事实__________[ˈsɔːlti]adj. 含盐的；咸的__________[ˈɜːbən]adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的________[bɒm]n v. 炸弹；. 轰炸；对……投炸弹____________[ˈtʌnl]n. 地下通道；地道；隧道__________________[ɪksˈtɛnʃən]n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机________________[ˈkɛmɪkəl]adj n. . 与化学有关的；化学的；. 化学制品；化学品__________[wiːt]n. 小麦；小麦籽____________[ˈfleɪvə]n. 味道；特点；特色____________________[ˈfɜːtɪlaɪzə]n. 肥料______________________[nju(ː)ˈtrɪʃən(ə)l]adj. 营养（物）的____________________[nju(ː)ˈtrɪʃəs]adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的__________________[nju(ː)ˈtrɪʃən]n. 营养；滋养__________________[əˈliːvɪeɪt]vt. 减轻；缓解______________[ˈpɒvəti]n. 贫穷；贫困______________[ɔːˈgænɪk]adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的__________________[ˈpɛstɪsaɪd]n. 杀虫剂；除害药物____________________[ˈwaɪdsprɛd]a. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的__________________[bækˈtɪərɪəm]n. 细菌______________[ɪn tɜːn]相应地；转而；依次；轮流。
21世纪大学英语翻译
21世纪大学英语翻译Unit 1一、汉译英1)你知道约翰这次失败的原因吗？他在中学里几乎全优。
(lead to, failure, excel in)Do you know what has led to John’s failure this time? He excelled in almost everything in high school.2)不要把今天应该做的的事情推迟到明天。
如果你落后就很难赶上了。
(put off, what, fall behind, catch up)Don’t put off till tomorrow what you should do today. If you fall behind, it will be difficult for you to catch up.3) 他总是用新方法来解决问题，所以他在工作中取得了很大的成功。
(achieve, success, attack) He achieves great success in his work because he always finds new ways to attack problems.4)不要对这个孩子太严格。
你应该让他有些玩耍的时间来减轻压力。
(be hard on, allow, fun time, reduce, stress)Don’t be too hard on the child. You should allow him to have some fun time to reduce stress.5) 我们都期待史密斯教授给我们的大学学习一些有益的指导。
(expect, helpful tips)We all expect Prof. Smith to give us some helpful tips on college study.6) 贝蒂面带紧张的神色，好像害怕向别人做自我介绍似的。
新视野读写教程第三版大学英语4翻译
第一单元一、英译汉Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist。
亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。
His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology，zoology, logic，ethics, poetry, theater，music, linguistics, politics and government，and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy.他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府,构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。
Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics，biology，and ethics.亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人,如数学，生物学和伦理学。
He believed all people's concepts and all their knowledge were ultimately based on perception.他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。
His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works.他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。
He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era.他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献.His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic，and even today all aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the important subject of academic study。
非文学翻译
英汉两种语言在表达方式有相似之处，但更多 的是差异。同一个思想或概念，英语和汉语的 表达方式各不一样。在很多情况下，翻译的本 质，实际上是一种“替代”。在英译汉中，需 用汉语的表达方式，去“替代”英语的表达方 式; 反之亦然。这种翻译中的句型转换，也可 以说是“改换说法”。
译文2： 译文2 对大部分人来说，“教的就是大楼里一间间的教室。
3这些替换手段，最典型的是一些标牌或标识的 翻译： Wet Paint! 油漆未干！ No Smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No littering! 禁止乱抛果壳和纸屑！ 其次是一些成语或谚语的翻译 1As you sow , so shall you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆./善有善报，恶有恶报。 2Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。
因此，表达同一思想或概念的方式掌握 越多，汉译英时就能根据不同的上下文和文 体，选择适当的词汇和短语，翻译起来就能 左右逢源，游刃有余。选自《笔译实务》2 级
3 Man did not learn to write until about 3000 B.C. . 译文1：人类社会到公元前3000年才学会书写. 译文2：人类社会到公元前3000年才出现文字。 4 The battle field became something holy. It was not touched. 译文1：这个战场几乎成为圣地，它一直没有被动过。 译文2：这个战场几乎成为圣地，至今还保持着当年 的旧观。
所以，“替换”在翻译中是广泛使用的手段： 例1Nowadays it is not seldom that a man lives to be seventy years old. 译文1：今天，活到七十岁的人不是不常见的。
英汉互译教学大纲
教学大纲课程名称英汉互译课程类型专业课总学时数64开课专业英语航空任课教师王艳梅2017年 3月《英汉互译》教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称：英汉互译开课学期：2学时/学分：128 /6课程类型：专业课开课专业：英语航空专业本科生二、课程简介《英汉互译》课程是全国高等教育自学考试英语专业本科段的一门必考课程。
英汉互译（包括英译汉和汉译英）是一门实践性很强的课程。
本课程简要介绍英汉互译的基本概念、英汉语言对比与翻译以及中西方翻译理论知识外，主要是通过原文与译文的对比赏析，引导考生分析研究英汉两种语言各自的特点，找出二者之间的转换规律，用以指导翻译实践。
三、相关课程的衔接预修课程：《英语语法》《综合英语》《阅读》《英语国家概况》并修课程：《高级英语》、《英美文学选读》四、教学的目的、要求与方法（一）教学目的通过本课程的学习，考生将能够熟悉英汉两种语言各自的特点，掌握英汉互译的基本概念、技巧和理论知识；能将中等难度的英语文章译成汉语，内容传达准确，句子通顺，语言流畅；能将比较简易的汉语篇章译成英语，做到用词得当，句子连贯，符合英语语法规范。
（二）教学要求培养考生理论与实践相结合，不仅学习翻译理论与技巧，还要在理论指导下进行大量的翻译实践。
本课程目的在于培养学生如何借助语言知识，主题知识，百科知识和翻译技能来对源语信息进行分析理解，并用译入语将所理解的信息表达出来，将学生培养为全才、通才、一专多能的人才，适应未来的职业发展，适应社会，有能力不断提升自身素质。
（三）教学方法1. 仔细通读原文课文。
2. 对照原文阅读译文。
3. 原文和译文对比分析。
4. 翻译实践练习。
5. 不断帮助学生提高自己的译入语语言水平。
6. 注意防止学生在翻译过程中过于机械和过于自由两种倾向。
五、各章节内容及学时分配第一部分绪论（一）学时：50（二）教学目的与要求了解翻译的一些基本概念，英汉两种语言对比分析，中国翻译理论简介，西方翻译理论简介。
英汉翻译教程 全套课件
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第一章：翻译概述——翻译的定义
Alexander Fraser Tytler:
A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
3.《英汉翻译概要》，靳梅林 编著， 南开大学出版 社，1998年。
4.《新编汉英翻译教程》，陈宏薇 编著，上海外语教 育出版社，2004年。
5.《英汉翻译教程》，连淑能 编著，高等教育出版社， 2006年。
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导学——学习网站
1. 中国翻译协会 /tran/index.htm 2. 中国科技翻译
4
导学——课程要求
Classroom polices: Late work: Assignments must be turned in on the due date for
full credit. Unless otherwise indicated, all assignments will be due at the beginning of the class period. Assignments that are turned in late will lose 5% per day. Copying and Plagiarism:
新视野读写教程第三版大学英语4翻译
第一单元一、英译汉Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。
His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics, poetry, theater, music, linguistics, politics and government, and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy.他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。
Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics.亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。
He believed all people's concepts and all their knowledge were ultimately based on perception.他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。
His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works.他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。
He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era.他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。
外研版八年级上册单词英译汉
八年级上册单词英译汉Module1How to learn English1.pair [pεə] n.2.correct[kə'rekt] vt. adj.3.spelling ['speliŋ] n.4.word [wə:d] n.5.practise ['præktis] vi.6.match [mætʃ] vt.7.meaning['mi:niŋ]plete [kəm'pli:t]v.9.sentence['sentəns]n.10.dictionary['dikʃənəri]n. 11.grammar ['ɡræmə] n. 12.letter['letə]n.13.look up14.mistake [mi'steik] n.15.make a mistake16.understand [,ʌndə'stænd] v. 17. understood [,ʌndə'stud] 18.advice [əd'vais] n.19.should [ʃud] v. aux.20.possible ['pɔsəbl] adj.21.write down22.notebook ['nəutbuk] n.23.forget [fə'get] v. （forgot [fə'ɡɔt]）24.pronounce [prəu'nauns] v. 25.aloud [ə'laud] adv.26.radio ['reidiəu] n.27.pronunciation [prəu,nʌnsi'eiʃən] n.28.key [ki:] adj.29.main [mein] adj.30.excellent ['eksələnt] adj.31.agree [ə'ɡri:] vt.32.agree with sb.33.vocabulary [vəu'kæbjuləri] n.34.ask for35.improve [im'pru:v] vt.36.basic ['beisik] adj.37.time[taim]n.38.advise[əd'vaiz]vt.39.shy[ʃai]adj.40.conversation[,kɔnvə'seiʃən]n.41.quickly['kwikli]adv.42.natural['nætʃərəl]adj.43.suggest [sə'dʒest] vt.44.place [pleis] vt.Module2My home town and my country1.hill [hil] n.2.population [,pɔpju'leiʃən]n.3.wide [waid] adj.lion ['miljən] num.5.pretty ['priti] adv.6.pretty good7.than [ðæn, ðən] prep.8.get [ɡet] vi.9.north [nɔ:θ] n.；adj.10.south [sauθ, sauð] n.；adj.11.west [west]n. adj.12.home town13.especially [i'speʃəli] adv.14.be famous for15.university [,ju:ni'və:səti]n.16.island ['ailənd] n.17.area ['εəriə] n. 18.low [ləu] adj.19.mountain [`mauntin] n.20.countryside ['kʌntri,said]n.21.umbrella [ʌm'brelə]n.Module3Sports1.baseball['beisbɔ:l]n.2.volleyball['vɔlibɔ:l]n.3.boring['bɔ:riŋ]adj.4.exciting[ik'saitiŋ]adj.5.relaxing[ri'læksiŋ]adj.6.score[skɔ:]vi.7.already[ɔ:l'redi]adv.8.matter['mætə] n.9.What`s the matter10.hurt[hə:t]vt.11.enjoyable[in'dʒɔiəbl]adj. 12.Olympics [əu'limpiks] n.13.stadium ['steidiəm] n. 14.miss [mis] v.15.mind [maind] v. vt. 16.plenty ['plenti] pron17.plenty of 18.beat [bi:t] vi.19.careless ['kεəlis] adj. 20.cheer…on21.coach [kəutʃ] n. 22.fan club23.against [ə'ɡenst] prep. 24.train [trein] v.25.practice ['præktis] n.26.warm [wɔ:m] vt.27.warm up ual ['ju:ʒuəl] adj.29.better [betə] adv.；adj. 30.after-school ['æftəskʊl] adj.31.pleased [pli:zd] adj. 32.pass [pɑ:s, pæs] vi.33.pity ['piti] n. 34.chance [tʃɑ:ns] n.35.loudly ['laudli] adv. 36.confident ['kɔnfidənt] adj.Module4Planes,ships and trains1.road [rəud] n.2.accident ['æksidənt] n.3.except [ik'sept] prep.4.choice [tʃɔis] n.5.classmate ['klɑ:smeit] n.6.far [fɑ:] adv. adj.7.far from 8.close [kləuz] adj.9.crowded ['kraudid] adj.10.all the time11.journey ['dʒə:ni] n.12.book [buk] vt.13.park [pɑ:k] vt. 14.outside [,aut'said] prep.15.however [hau'evə] adv.16.cost [kɔst] vt. n.Module5Lao She Teahouse1.actress ['æktris] n.2.teahouse ['ti:haus] n.3.offer [ɔfə] v.4.end [end] n. v.5.in the end6.no idea7.act [ækt] n.8.show [ʃəu]vt.；n.mon ['kɔmən] adj.10.twentieth ['twentiiθ] num.11.describe [di'skraib] vt.12.society [sə'saiəti] n.13.head teacher14.college ['kɔlidʒ]n. 15.novel ['nɔvəl] [neim] v.17.if [if] conj. 18.magic ['mædʒik] adj.Module6Animals in danger1.snake [sneik] n.2.neck [nek] n.3.thin [θin] adj.4.danger ['deindʒə] n.5.in danger6.at last7.interested ['intristid] adj. 8.allow [ə'lau] vt.9.think of 10.protect [prəu'tekt] vt. 11.wild [waild] adj.；n.12.grow [ɡrəu] v. grew [ɡru:] 13.take away14.enough [i'nʌf] adj.15.peace [pi:s] n.16.in peace17.notice ['nəutis] n.18.look after19.raise [reiz] vt.；20.research [ri'sə:tʃ] n. 21.baby ['beibi] n.22.situation [,sitju'eiʃən] n.23.scientist ['saiəntist] n.24.produce [prə'dju:s] vt. 25.southwest [,sauθ'west] n. adj. 26.in order toernment ['ɡʌvənmənt] n.28.set [set] v.29.set up30.nature ['neitʃə] n.31.nature park32.develop [di'veləp] v. 33.feed [fi:d] vt. （fed [fed]）34.symbol ['simbəl] n.Module7A famous story1.fall [fɔ:l] vi.2.follow ['fɔləu] vt.3.hole [həul] n.4.rabbit ['ræbit] n.5.ssh [ʃ] int.6.ground [ɡraund] n.7. tea party8.twice [twais] adv.9.once or twice10.suddenly ['sʌdnli] adv.11.pink [piŋk]adj. n.12.pocket ['pɔkit] n. 13.field ['fi:ld] n.14.think about15.deep [di:p]adj.16.while [hwail] conj. nd [lænd] v.18.dry [drai] adj.1.pale [peil]adj.2.appear [ə'piə] vi.3.round [raund] prep.4.corner ['kɔ:nə] n.5.hit [hit] vt.6.glad [ɡlæd]adj.7.in time8.fall off…9.risk [risk] n.10.attention [ə'tenʃən] n. 11.pay attention12.side [said]n.13.side by side14.bite [bait] vt.（bi[biti]）15.climb [klaim] vi.16.hide [haid] v.（hid[hid]）17.throw [θrəu] vt.18.fridge [fridʒ] n.19.pain [pein] n.20.worse [wə:s]adj. adv.21.medicine ['medisin] n.1.noise [nɔiz] n.2.prepare [pri'pεə] vt.3.notes [nəʊts] n.(pl)4.report [ri'pɔ:t] n.5.grow [ɡrəu] v.( grew [ɡru:])6.huge [hju:dʒ] adj.7.cause [kɔ:z] vt.8.problem ['prɔbləm] n.9.increase ['inkri:s] n.v.10.birth [bɑ:θ] n.11.billion ['biljən] num.12.fifth [fifθ] num. 13.hand on（口）14.flat [flæt]n.15.rubbish ['rʌbiʃ] n.16.quiet ['kwaiət] adj.17.local ['ləukəl] adj.18.pupil ['pjupl] n. 19.pollution [pə:'lju:ʃən] n.20.public ['pʌblik] adj.21.service ['sə:vis] n.22.solve [sɔlv] v.Module10The weather1.cloud [klaud] n.2.shower ['ʃauə] v.3.snow [snəu] n.；v.4.storm [stɔ:m] n.5.cloudy ['klaudi] adj.6.rainy ['reini] adj.7.snowy ['snəui] adj.8.sunny ['sʌni] adj.9.windy ['windi] adj.10.skate [skeit] vi.11.thick [θik] adj.12.ice [[ais]] n.13.joke [dʒəuk] vi. n.14.might [mait] v. aux.15.temperature ['tempəritʃə] n.16.minus ['mainəs] adj.17.degree [di'ɡri:] n.18.although [ɔ:l'ðəu] conj. 19.wet [wet] adj.20.neither ['naiðə, 'ni: ðə] adv.21.terrible ['terəbl] adj.22.wish [wiʃ] v.23.probably ['prɔbəbli] e one [mail] n.26.round [raund] adv.27.northwest [,nɔ:θ'west] n. adj.28.southeast [,sauθ'i:st] n. adj.29.from time to timeModule11Way of life1.cap [kæp] n.2.chess [tʃes] n.3.set [sɛt] n.4.a chess set5.chopsticks ['tʃɒpstɪks]n.6.toy [tɔi] n.7.video ['vidiəu] adj.8.video game9.gift [ɡift] n.10.surprise [sə'praiz] n. v.11.immediately [i'mi:diətli] adv.12.difference ['difərəns]n.13.accept [ək'sept] v.14.tradition [trə'diʃən] n. 15.example [iɡ'zɑ:mpl] n.16.for example17.must [mʌst, məst] v. aux.18.month [mʌnθ] n.19.serious ['siəriəs] adj.20.taste [teist] v.；n.21.experience [ik'spiəriəns] n. 22.stay [stei] n.23.someone ['sʌmwʌn] pron. 24.for the first time25.sandwich ['sænwidʒ] n.26.chip [tʃip] n.27.fish and chips28.onto ['ɔntu] prep.29.gentleman ['dʒentlmən] n .30.shoulder ['ʃəuldə] n.Module12Help1.broken ['brəukən] adj.2.glass [ɡlɑ:s] n.3.stairs [steəz] n.4.aid [eid] n.5.first aid6.medical ['medikəl] adj.7.imagine [i'mædʒin] vi.8.bottom ['bɔtəm] n.9.at the bottom of …10.wrong [rɔŋ]adj. adv.11.What`s wrong with…?12.trouble ['trʌbl]n.13.lift [lift] . n.14.lift up15.harmful ['hɑ:mful] adj.16.drop [drɔp] vt.17.training ['treiniŋ] n.18.make sure19.cover ['kʌvə] v.20.earthquake ['ə:θkweik] n.21.warn [wɔ:n]vt.22.inside ['in.said] n.；adv.；prep.;adj.23.under ['ʌndə] prep.24.window ['windəu] n. 25.keep [ki:p] vt.（kept [kept]）26.clear [kliə] adj.27.keep clear of …28.calm [kɑ:m]adj.29.brave [breiv] adj.30.helpful ['helpful] adj. 31.power [pauə] n.。
翻译(汉英)教案
2010 ～2011学年第二学期《翻译 (汉英 )》教案主讲教师： ______彭俊 _____南京审计学院外国语学院制二〇一一年二月课程代码000201总学时：36学时课程名称翻译 (汉英 )讲课：36学时学分1上机：学时课程种类通识教育课（）；通识教育选修课（）；学科基础课（√）；实验：学时（√）专业骨干课（）；专业课（）；专业选修课（）周学时：2学时08 对外汉语 1 、2、3 、4 班 , 09 中新项目留讲课专业对外汉语讲课班级学生班；共 5 个班级讲课方式（√）讲堂讲解（√）；实验（）；上机（）；其余：（）查核方式（√）闭卷（√）；开卷（）；论文（）；其余：（）成绩比率平常（30 % ）+ 期中（%）+ 期末（ 70 %）任课教师彭俊职称讲课老师使用教材《新编汉英翻译教程》1.吕瑞昌、喻云根，《汉英翻译教程》 , 陕西人民第一版社， 19832.冯庆华，《适用翻译教程》，上国外语教育第一版社， 19973.许建平，《英汉互译实践与技巧》，清华大学第一版社， 20004.陈宏薇 , 《汉英翻译基础》，上国外语教育第一版社， 1998介绍参照书5.范仲英，《适用翻译教程》，外语教课与研究第一版社， 1994 年6.陈宏薇、李亚丹，《新编汉英翻译教程》，上国外语教育第一版社， 20047.毛荣贵，《新世纪大学汉英翻译教程》，上海交通大学第一版社， 20028.陈文伯，《译艺——英汉汉英双向笔译》，世界知识第一版社， 2004第1课周次第1周第1-2节章节名称中国翻译简史讲课方式讲堂讲解（√）；实验（）；其余：（）教课时数2学时教课方法教师讲解（√）；讲堂议论（√）；多媒体教课（√）；选择此中几项，或增补其余方法。
教课目标和要求本章是翻译课程的概论，主要教课目标是为了让学生对翻译这门课程有一个初步整体的认识。
要修业生经过本章的学习掌握翻译的定义、翻译的标准和过程，以及翻译者应具备的修养。
此外，还简单介绍了中国翻译史及翻译史上的代表人物，以便激励学生勤苦学习，学好翻译。
chapter_1_简介和翻译标准
大家被淋得浑身透湿，他们头天晚上还是聚到了 一起。
• 2） 具有丰富的文化知识，熟悉以英语为母 语的国家的诸如历史、宗教、政治、地理、 军事、外交、经济、文艺、科学、风土人 情、民俗习惯等方面的社会文化。这有助 于正确理解原文，完美地表达原作所要传 达的思想内容。 • 3） 熟悉翻译理论和常用技巧，善于灵活运 用各种翻译技巧。 • 4） 熟悉各种工具书。
翻译的规律难以译出原文的言外之意。 翻译的规律难以译出原文的言外之意。许多句子的真正 意义在言外。言外之意是语言的内涵, 意义在言外。言外之意是语言的内涵,译者能译出语言内涵 的翻译技能就是其翻译的艺术性。 的翻译技能就是其翻译的艺术性。 • Are you an associate professor now ?
英汉翻译的标准: 英汉翻译的标准 Pp8-10
• • • • • •
唐朝,玄奘 清末,严复 鲁迅 傅雷 梁实秋 钱钟书
• 1 faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance • 2 rather faithful than smooth • 3 spiritual conformity • 4 rather smooth than faithful • 5 sublimed adaptation • 6 faithfulness and readability (求真 喻俗)
Connotation of Translation
• Is translation an art, a science, or a craft? • ...translation is first a science, which entails the knowledge and verification of the facts and the language that describes them-here, what is wrong, mistakes of truth, can be identified; secondly, it is a skill, which calls for appropriate language and acceptable usage; thirdly, an art, which distinguishes good from undistinguished writing and is the creative, the intuitive, sometimes the inspired, level of the translation; … （Peter Newmark）
Unit 1~2 汉译英与英译汉
Unit 1~2 汉译英与英译汉汉译英unit1 section_a父母觉得有责任尽其所能给孩子提供最好的。
(to feel obliged to do/to provide ... for ... )Parents feel obliged to provide the best they can for children.应该严肃认真地大力惩治政治腐败。
(to get serious about/to curb/corruption)It’s time to get serious about curbing political corruption.学校的校长不应指望刚从大学毕业的老师来应付一大群难以对付的孩子。
(principals/fresh from/to deal with)School principals should not expect teachers, fresh from college, to deal with a large group of difficult children.她讲话不多，但言之有理。
(to talk much/to make sense)She doesn’t talk much, but what she says makes sense.对于强加给他的指责，他从未放在心上。
to be indifferent to / to thrust ...on...He was indifferent to the criticism that was thrust on him.为了确保司机的安全，一定要敦促机械师确保汽车发动机已调整好。
(to keep...safe/to urge/mechanics/to make sure/to tune up)In order to keep drivers safe, mechanics are urged to make sure that car engines are properly tuned up.当她站在那儿看到她女儿大学毕业时，内心充满了骄傲。
每日一译：教育不能随着毕业而结束
每日一译：教育不能随着毕业而结束1.说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习.2.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束.3.无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冬的痛苦生活.4.尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点任何年龄进行.5.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的.6.Where there is great love, there are always miracles。
(英译汉)参考译文：1.说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习.When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.2.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.3.无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冬的痛苦生活.It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to fact the dangers of starvation and exposure.4.尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点任何年龄进行.Although this view is widely held ,there is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.5.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的.。
翻译二级口译实务分类模拟题文化教育（Culture+and+Education）
第二单元文化教育Culture and Education口译练习英译汉Passage 1Changes in educational approaches, beliefs and practices come faster today than most teachers, parents and children can begin to assimilate. Speedy results are seen as politically necessary. When new approaches are not successful immediately, they are abandoned in favor of even newer ones. //In repeated and accelerated cycles of change it is the children who suffer. Hurried through the school day and through the grade levels, they are left with little time to reflect on what they are learning or where their lives are beaded. Our schools tend to be fact factories, cramming more into every minute of every hour of every day. There always seems to be more curriculum to cover and more tests to take—but never any time added to the day. Children and teachers are left gasping for air. //We must stop hurrying children and give them adequate time for learning. We need more clarity, more planning and less impulsive implementation of "the latest best thing." There is an urgent need in our schools for increased accountability and more focused attention on basic skills. But that very urgency must not lead us to rush. The pace of change must be reasonable and related to the right pace for children's learning. //True learning requires time: time to wonder, time to share and time to pay attention to what is most important. To hurry through classes and a predetermined timetable of achievements is contrary to the nature of children and will do irreparable damage to their minds and souls. School comes from the Greek word scholéwhich translates literally as "leisure." Consider how far we've moved from our educational roots! //Passage 2For the past two decades, I have worked in consultation with administrators and teachers in hundreds of schools that are committed to school-wide reform. Using an approach known as the Responsive Classroom model, these schools are working to improve the quality of education by making significant changes in the way time is structured and used. This model allows more time for relationships, in-depth research, inquiry and reflection. Schools commit a minimum of three years to implement the Responsive Classroom model. Below are some of the key systemic changes that this model advocates. //1．Allow time for in-depth learning, investigation and contemplation by narrowing the scope of the curriculum and lengthening time blocks. The answer to meeting each day's curriculum expectations is found in a paradox. We must consider smaller topics for longer periods of time in order to accomplish more. This can be clearly seen at the middle school level, where recent research findings have made it evident that block scheduling, small classes and "advisory" periods improve student behavior and academic performance. //2．Begin the school year slowly: Encourage teachers to take time to set clear social and academic expectations and to establish an atmosphere of trust. Instruction cannot be delivered in classrooms where children are unfocused, inattentive and struggling with one another. Teachers must know how to create a trustworthy space for learning before learning can occur. //During the first six weeks, teachers set goals, generate rules with students and guide students' discoveries of new materials, equipment and supplies. They take time to build trust so students will take risks,ask questions and state their ideas. In the long run both teachers and students gain time by taking time. Discipline problems are fewer and less time-consuming than in classrooms where the social expectations are not clear. Children better understand academic expectations, and academic outcomes improve. //3．Allow time for reflection and review throughout the year. Periods following vacations require review of social and academic expectations. Taking the time for this reexamination of basic expectations will create more time for learning. During the last six weeks of school, students should reflect on their year in order to see all they have accomplished. //4．Adjust the schedule of the school day to change the nature and productivity of the afternoon. In the middle of the day the children need a break from the rigor of academics. Many schools use a midday schedule that gives children recess, followed by lunch and then quiet time. This break helps children to be productive and engaged in the afternoon. The idea of a quiet time after lunch may be unthinkable to many teachers, given all they believe they must fit into the day, but here, again, is a paradox of teaching and learning: Quiet time away from academic demands increases learning. //5．Change the school schedule to allow more time for teachers, staff, administration and parents to interact with one another. Devising schedules that allow time for grade-level and team planning is an important administrative function. Administrators should schedule the first parent// teacher conference as close to the beginning of the year as possible. By asking parents what they would like their children to learn in school this year, a partnership between home and school can be created before problems have a chance to arise. Teachers also can use this conference to share goals, learn about their students and share their expectations. //If we truly wish to transform our schools into challenging, exciting and secure places, we need an education system that is dedicated, from top to bottom, to giving teachers more time to teach and children more time to learn. //Passage 3The Australia-China relationship is now, as some of you have heard, thirty years old，and thirty years ago it is probably fair to say there were no official Chinese residents with appropriate visas studying in Australia. Today, that number exceeds 25,000 and is projected to exceed 100, 000 in ten years time. Education is the eighth largest export earner for Australia and to give you some idea of what that means, there are 38 universities in Australia. //My university, the University of New South Wales, has been active in the region, but last year overseas students brought in 128 million dollars to one university. Our local fee paying students brought in 34 million dollars. Those of you who don't know Australia might think that's strange, but of course the vast majority of our local students study in a government subsidized manner but also making some contribution themselves later on in life when they start to earn money. //I wouldn't like you to think for one moment that I think education is about earning money, and I merely talked about the money education brings to Australia to reinforce what a big program it is and how important it is for Australia. and for Australian finances and there seems little doubt that governments really are obsessed by export dollars. I'm not saying that's wrong I'm just making a comment, but governments are obsessed by export dollars and therefore education is important. //When I went to school, and I went to a government funded public school, there were about 750 boys at that school, and there were two Chinese students one of whom was me. Last year Ispoke at a speech day. It is now a co-educational school, but 70 percent of the students were of Asian heritage, and of that 70 percent, about three quarters of them were Chinese. It's a selective school and therefore reflects, I think, the Chinese and the V ietnamese families' determination that education is important if they want their children to succeed. //I think that's great, but if any of you have visited the campus of my university you would notice one thing and that is it looks very Asian. At the present time, the University of NSW has about 34,000 students, 27 percent of whom are overseas students and the majority of those are ethnic Chinese but if you look at the campus you would think about 55 to 60 percent look Asian because the other quarter are like me, Asians who are Australians. And that's an interesting reflection of what's happened to Australia. // (Excerpts from the speech delivered by Dr. John Y u, Chairman of the Australia-China Council, on the Australia-China Oration Series 2002, November 6, Beijing)Passage 4By and large, governments of all persuasions, of all political persuasions in Australia have been reducing proportionately the amount of money that goes to education and many of us think that really is a great pity and shows a lack of foresight into what Australia really needs, but that nonetheless is what is happening. As a result of that many universities and schools are heavily dependent on overseas students to make up the shortfall. //I think we need to be really very careful in Australia that as this trend continues that overseas students who come to Australia not only to learn facts, but also to learn something about Australia and the Australian way of life otherwise they will have a very skewed view of what our Australia is about. Because I think it is important that if you go to an Australian university then at least you'd meet a reasonable number of Australians. //There is a big push from many universities to recruit more and more students and more and more overseas students, but in a climate when there isn't a lot of money for further strengthening of education and educational methods and facilities. If we all keep trying to recruit more and more students, then the experience is going to deteriorate and my university for example has decided to cap the number of students at the university. Because we believe that if we have many more students then we won't be able to do it properly. //There aren't many universities in the fortunate position of my own to be able to do that. And the reason why we can do it is if you take a couple of our more popular faculties to get to university, you need something which we call UAI (University of New South Wales Admission Index). To get into medicine at UNSW you need to have a pass mark of 99. 8%. To get into law and commerce you need a pass mark of 97.5%. Now a lot of you in this room tonight will know what I mean when I say that Chinese and Vietnamese especially value education and therefore it wouldn't be surprising to know that proportionally more Chinese and V ietnamese kids get their99.8's and 97. 5's. //I took a university graduation on Friday before I came up here. It was a commerce graduation and of 200 graduates, 150 were Asian. Half of those were local kids, the other half were overseas. Commerce is something that is particularly popular, particularly in Hong Kong and Singapore, but it's probably a reasonable indication of what is happening. And all I am really trying to make a point about is that if we accept money from overseas students and from overseas families, then there is a responsibility that we give them the good education, the good experience. I'm not saying we don't do it, but I think what is important is that we recognize that the experience we are giving them is potentially threatened by the large numbers coming in which are not beingmatched by the provision of adequate resources to service them. I think it's great to take more and more students as long as we can service them properly. //(Excerpts from the speech delivered by Dr. John Y u, Chairman of the Australia-China Council, on the Australia-China Oration Series 2002, November 6, Beijing)汉译英第一篇世界著名的《格萨尔王传》是藏族人民在漫长历史长河中创造出来的一部珍贵的长篇英雄史诗，是中国乃至世界文学宝库中少有的珍品，但一直是通过民间说唱艺人口头流传为了保护藏民族的这一文化瑰宝，西藏自治区于1979年成立了抢救、整理《格萨尔王传》的专门机构，进行全面搜集、采录、整理、研究和出版工作。
英语教案中英互译
英语教案中英互译【篇一：英汉翻译课程教学目标】“英汉翻译理论与实践”课程一直是我国高校英语语言文学专业中的专业主干课程，它以培养应用型外语人才为目的，既能培养和提高学生语言综合运用能力，又能培养学生的社会实践技能—翻译。
句法、修辞、文体、文化等各个方面，有助于提高学生的外语水平和在外语方面的基本技能，是对其他外语课程教学的有效补充。
其次，英汉翻译实践涉及汉语语言的运用，对于英语专业的学生来说，显然可以弥补他们在汉语学习方面的不足。
另外，加强学生汉语能力的培养也有助于对学生进行思想教育，提高对本族语语言文化的认识、了解和理解。
而且，对汉语语言文化的了解更有助于提高学生的语言潜能，从而使学生能够更有效地学习外语。
第三，翻译练习材料会涉及各种文体和学科，诸如文学、历史、社会学、自然科学，等等。
这样，在大量实践的基础上，学生的知识结构会得到相当程度的丰富和完善，有利于培养复合性人才，实施复合性人才培养的教育战略。
第四，通过各种文体文本的翻译实践，可以提高学生翻译实践能力，使教学工作在一定程度上面向市场，满足市场需求，提高外语专业毕业生的就业率，从而提高外语学科在国内的声誉，扩大影响范围，进而有助于招生工作的开展。
第五，翻译教学中也对学生进行理论和技巧的讲授，这不仅可以使学生从理论的高度上提高对翻译实践的认识，提高翻译能力，同时也能提高学生的理论水平，丰富知识结构，为最后的学位论文写作进行积极而充分的准备。
第六，英语专业四年级的学生面临专业八级的考试、硕研入学考试，两者均涉及分量较大的翻译实践。
为这两种考试的准备至少可以发挥两个方面作用。
其一，通过翻译的强化训练，学生的翻译能力能够在较短的时间内得到一定幅度的提高，为学生就业奠定基础。
其二，通过翻译强化训练，学生英语应用技能大大提高，从而有助于提高考试的通过率，提高学科在国内的影响。
随着中国对外开放的进一步深化，翻译的社会和文化意义日益突显。
因此，加强英语学科的建设，进一步提高翻译教学在学科建设中的地位，应成为未来学科结构优化和学科发展中的重中之重。
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教育（英译汉）academic achievements 学业成绩academic advisor 学业顾问（帮助学生学习并为其提供咨询的教师）academic freedom 学术自由academic performance 学业add-and-drop 补退选阶段Advanced Placement Test 大学选修课程考试，俗称AP考试advertisement for student recruitment 招生广告aid-to-education grant money 专项教育补助基金Alma Matter 母校alumni association 同学会an exchange student 交换留学生an outstanding academic reputation 声名显赫的学术水平anti-tuition hike campaign 反对增加学费运动assistantship 助理金associate degree 完成两年学院课程或同等程度而获得的学位average student 中等生award/confer degree 授予学位basic literacy 基本读写能力campus medical center; school clinic 校内诊所CAT (computer adaptive test) 机考cheating in exams 考试作弊check roll 考勤children with learning disability 无学习能力的儿童class rank 年级名次coeducation 男女同校commencement ceremony 毕业典礼compulsory course 必修课computer lab 机房conditional admission 试读core curriculum 核心课程cost of education 教育费用course leader 课代表cramming system; spoon-feeding pedagogy 填鸭式教学法crash course 速成班credit hour 学时drop out （中途）退学educational expenditure 教育开支educational innovation 教育革新educational network 网络教育education in patriotism 爱国主义教育elective course 选修课exemption from examination 免考exit qualification 结业资格fellowship 研究生奖学金financial aid 财政资助（泛指向学生提供的各种资金、贷款、非全日工作等）finish a four-year curriculum 完成四年学业fitness/gym center 健身房foreign student advisor 外国学生咨询顾问full-time education 全日制教育functionally illiterate 半文盲General Certificate of Secondary Education 中学毕业证书ghost examinee （考试）替考者Higher Education Mega Center 大学城illiteracy level 文盲率information for admission 入学须知input in education 教育投入inspection and supervision 督导interdisciplinary talent 复合型人才jacked-up tuitions 学费上涨joint custody 共同的监护权latchkey children 挂钥匙儿童makeshift classes 复式班men learn while they teach 教学相长mental retardation/deficiency 智力缺陷，反应迟钝non-profit educational institutions 非盈利性的教育机构nonresident student 走读生off-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训；岗位培训open access （图书馆）开架阅览open-book examination 开卷考试Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) 家长教师联席会per-capita education spending 人均教育经费place considerable value on education 重视教育plagiarize/plagiarism 抄袭，剽窃polyversity/multiversity 多科大学postdoctoral fellow 博士后研究员preschool class 学前班schooling suspension 休学straight A student 成绩全优生student aid 助学金student cafeteria/canteen 学生餐厅student union 学生会take attendance 查点考勤teaching assistant 助教teaching faculty 全体教师top student 头等生track out of schools 被逐出校门transcript 成绩单transmission of civilization 传播文明valedictory address/speech 毕业献辞virtual university 虚拟大学working graduate 在职研究生work-study program 勤工助学Promoting education is a good way to reduce crime.提高教育水平是减少犯罪的一种不效手段。
We must adjust the division of disciplines to adapt to new circumstances.我们要调整学科结构，以适应新形势。
Corporal punishment is strictly banned.体罚是严格禁止的。
Students find opportunities for hands-on experience to complement their book-learning.学生有机会进行社会实践，以弥补课堂教学的不足。
Study areas have become more re sponsive to today’s students and to labor market needs.现在学到的知识和技能更能适应市场和学生自己的需要发。
“Active” learning is a phrase that is widely accepted.“主动”学习这一概念正在被广泛接受。
Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.教育是一个逐步发现自己无知的过程。
Education is le arning what you didn’t even know you didn’t know.教育即是要教人知其所不知。
Learn to say before you sing.学习要循序渐进。
We should tribute to all teachers of young children.我们要向所有培养孩子的老师致敬。
We should provide education for children with special needs and developmental challenges. 我们应该为有特殊需要和有发育障碍的儿童提供教育。
Entry to the universities is competitive.入学的竞争非常激烈。
Education is not an end, but a means to an end.教育不是目的，而是达到目的的手段。
Our purpose of educating children is to fit them for life.我们教育孩子的目的是使他们适应生活。
There is no end to learning.学无止境！Learning is a process in which we adapt ourselves to our surroundings.学习是一个不断适应环境的过程。
Higher education systems in many countries have become more flexible in their requirements.许多国家的高等教育体制在教学要求方面已变得越来越灵活了。
The competition between various countries for the quantity and quality of talents is furious.各国对于人才数量和质量的竞争很激烈。
An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
Education is a lifetime study.教育是一个终生的学习过程。
Throughout the last few decades, the core of challenge for university-level teaching has been to adjust to a wider range of student abilities.在最近几十年中，对大学教育最大的挑战是怎样适应各种不同学生的需求。
Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students. The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchanges with this university.哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。