2.1-3 contract
Unit 3 contract
（1）The Law at the Place of Conclusion of Contracts Applies（适用合同订立地的法 律） （2）The Law at the Place of Performance of Contracts Applies（适用合同履行地的法 律） （3）The Law at the Place of Arbitration Applies（适用仲裁举行地的法律）
Formation of Contract
A. Preamble 约首部分 B. Body 基本条款 C. The Witness Clause约尾部分
Modification or Termination of Contract
CISG Article 29: (1) A contract may be modified or terminated by the mere agreement of the parties.
Unit 3
Contracts for the International Sale and Purchase of International Goods
Definition of Contract
A contract is an agreement between two or more competent parties in which an offer is made and accepted, and each party benefits. It is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.
合同翻译术语
合同翻译术语
合同翻译是一项需要高度专业知识和准确性的工作。
在合同翻译过程中，有许多术语需要准确翻译，以确保合同的合法性和有效性。
以下是一些常见的合同翻译术语范本，供参考：
1. 合同 Contract。
2. 条款 Clause。
3. 协议 Agreement。
4. 双方 Parties。
5. 法律适用 Governing Law。
6. 争议解决 Dispute Resolution。
7. 违约 Breach。
8. 保密协议 Confidentiality Agreement。
9. 赔偿 Indemnification。
10. 解除合同 Termination of Contract。
以上仅是一些合同翻译术语的范本，实际翻译过程中还需要根据具体合同内容和法律要求进行准确翻译。
如果您需要更多专业的合同翻译服务，欢迎咨询我们的专业合同范本专家团队。
2024版国际贸易合同完整英文
2024版国际贸易合同完整英文Contract Table of ContentsChapter 1: Preliminary1.1 Contract Introduction1.2 Purpose and Scope of the Contract1.3 Definitions and InterpretationsChapter 2: Contracting Parties2.1 Details of Party A2.2 Details of Party B2.3 Qualifications and Capacities of the Parties Chapter 3: Subject Matter of the Contract3.1 Description of Goods3.2 Scope of Services3.3 Delivery StandardsChapter 4: Price Terms4.1 Composition of Price4.2 Payment Conditions4.3 Price Adjustment MechanismChapter 5: Delivery and Transportation5.1 Delivery Schedule5.2 Transportation Arrangements5.3 Risk and Transfer of OwnershipChapter 6: Quality Assurance and Acceptance6.1 Quality Standards6.2 Acceptance Procedures6.3 Warranty PeriodChapter 7: Liability for Breach of Contract7.1 Definition of Breach7.2 Remedial Measures for Breach7.3 Compensation for BreachChapter 8: Force Majeure8.1 Events of Force Majeure8.2 Notification Obligation8.3 Consequences of Force MajeureChapter 9: Contract Modification and Termination 9.1 Procedures for Contract Modification9.2 Conditions for Contract Termination9.3 Rights and Obligations after Termination Chapter 10: Dispute Resolution10.1 Methods of Dispute Resolution10.2 Applicable Law10.3 Jurisdiction for Dispute ResolutionChapter 11: Intellectual Property11.1 Ownership of Intellectual Property11.2 Restrictions on the Use of Intellectual Property 11.3 Liability for Intellectual Property Infringement Chapter 12: Confidentiality Agreement12.1 Scope of Confidential Information12.2 Obligations of Confidentiality12.3 Duration of ConfidentialityChapter 13: Additional Provisions13.1 Introduction of Additional Provisions13.2 Legal Effect of Additional Provisions13.3 Modification of Additional ProvisionsChapter 14: Signature Page14.1 Signature of Party A14.2 Signature of Party B14.3 Date of Signature14.4 Place of SignatureChapter 15: Miscellaneous15.1 Changes in Law15.2 Effectiveness of the Contract15.3 Integrity of the Contract合同编号______第一章：Preliminary1.1 Contract IntroductionThis contract is entered into by and between Party A, hereinafter referred to as "", and Party B, hereinafter referred to as "", collectively referred to as "the Parties".1.2 Purpose and Scope of the ContractThe purpose of this contract is to stipulate the terms of cooperation between the Parties in international trade, including but not limited to the delivery of goods, provision of services, and payment of prices.1.3 Definitions and InterpretationsKey terms used in this contract are defined in Appendix A. The interpretation of the contract terms shall follow the principles of fairness and good faith.第二章：Contracting Parties2.1 Details of Party AName of Party A: ______, Address: ______, Legal Representative:______.2.2 Details of Party BName of Party B: ______, Address: ______, Legal Representative:______.2.3 Qualifications and Capacities of the PartiesBoth Parties hereby declare and guarantee that they possess the legal qualifications and capabilities necessary for the execution and fulfillment of this contract.第三章：Subject Matter of the Contract3.1 Description of GoodsA detailed description of the product specifications, models, quantities, etc., is provided in Appendix B.3.2 Scope of ServicesIf the contract includes services, the content, standards, and requirements of the services are detailed in Appendix C.3.3 Delivery StandardsThe quality standards and delivery conditions that the goods or services should meet are specified in Appendix D.第四章：Price Terms4.1 Composition of PriceThe total contract price, unit price, taxes, transportation costs, etc., are detailed in Appendix E.4.2 Payment ConditionsThe method of payment, payment timelines, and interest on delayed payments are specified in Appendix F.4.3 Price Adjustment MechanismThe conditions, procedures, and calculation methods for price adjustments are detailed in Appendix G.第五章：Delivery and Transportation5.1 Delivery ScheduleThe specific delivery timelines and progress schedule for goods or services are detailed in Appendix H.5.2 Transportation ArrangementsThe mode of transportation, cost bearing, and transportation insurance are specified in Appendix I.5.3 Risk and Transfer of OwnershipThe point of risk transfer, conditions, and timing for the transfer of ownership are detailed in Appendix J.第六章：Quality Assurance and Acceptance6.1 Quality StandardsThe quality standards and specifications that goods or services should comply with are specified in Appendix K.6.2 Acceptance ProceduresThe acceptance process, timelines, and acceptance criteria are detailed in Appendix L.6.3 Warranty PeriodThe start and end times of the quality warranty period, conditions, and responsibilities are specified in Appendix M.第七章：Liability for Breach of Contract7.1 Definition of BreachActs or omissions that violate the contract terms or fail tofulfill obligations are detailed in Appendix N.7.2 Remedial Measures for BreachRemedial measures for breach, including but not limited to liquidated damages and compensation, are specified in Appendix O.7.3 Compensation for BreachThe scope, calculation method, and payment conditions for compensation for breach are detailed in Appendix P.第八章：Force Majeure8.1 Events of Force MajeureThe definition, scope, and types of force majeure events are specified in Appendix Q.8.2 Notification ObligationThe notification procedures and time requirements in the event of force majeure are detailed in Appendix R.8.3 Consequences of Force MajeureThe impact of force majeure on the performance of the contract and the rights and obligations of both Parties are specified in Appendix S.第九章：Contract Modification and Termination9.1 Procedures for Contract ModificationThe conditions, procedures, and effectiveness requirements for contract modifications are detailed in Appendix T.9.2 Conditions for Contract TerminationThe circumstances, procedures, and conditions for contract termination are specified in Appendix U.9.3 Rights and Obligations after TerminationThe rights, obligations, and responsibilities of both Parties after contract termination are detailed in Appendix V.第十章：Dispute Resolution10.1 Methods of Dispute ResolutionThe preferred method of dispute resolution is negotiation, with alternative methods specified in Appendix W.10.2 Applicable LawThe law applicable to the resolution of contract disputes is specified in Appendix X.10.3 Jurisdiction for Dispute ResolutionThe location and jurisdictional body for dispute resolution are detailed in Appendix Y.第十一章：Intellectual Property11.1 Ownership of Intellectual PropertyThe ownership and scope of rights of intellectual property involved in the contract are specified in Appendix Z.11.2 Restrictions on the Use of Intellectual PropertyThe conditions, restrictions, and authorization scope for the use of intellectual property are detailed in Appendix AA.11.3 Liability for Intellectual Property InfringementThe determination, responsibility, and relief measures for intellectual property infringement are specified in Appendix AB.Chapter 12: Confidentiality Agreement12.1 Scope of Confidential InformationThe definition, scope, and types of confidential information are detailed in Appendix AC.12.2 Obligations of ConfidentialityThe obligations, measures, and duration of confidentiality of both Parties are specified in Appendix AD.12.3 Duration of ConfidentialityThe start and end times of the confidentiality period and the handling of confidential information are detailed in Appendix AE.12.4 Breach of ConfidentialityThe consequences and responsibilities in the event of a breach of confidentiality are specified in Appendix AF.Chapter 13: Additional Provisions13.1 Introduction of Additional ProvisionsThe conditions, procedures, and requirements for the introduction of additional provisions are detailed in Appendix AG.13.2 Legal Effect of Additional ProvisionsThe relationship and legal effect of additional provisions with this contract are specified in Appendix AH.13.3 Modification of Additional ProvisionsThe conditions, procedures, and effectiveness requirements for the modification of additional provisions are detailed in Appendix AI.Chapter 14: Signature Page14.1 Signature of Party ASignature of the representative of Party A: ______, Date: ______, Place: ______.14.2 Signature of Party BSignature of the representative of Party B: ______, Date: ______, Place: ______.14.3 Contract Originals and CopiesThis contract is made out in two originals, each Party holds one copy, with equal legal effect.14.4 Attachments EffectivenessThe attachments to the contract have the same legal effect as the contract itself, and the list of attachments is detailed in Appendix AJ.Chapter 15: Miscellaneous15.1 Changes in LawShould there be any changes in the law after the signing of the contract that affect the execution of the contract, both Parties shall negotiate to amend the contract.15.2 Effectiveness of the ContractThis contract shall take effect from the date both Parties sign and seal it.15.3 Integrity of the ContractThis contract and its annexes constitute the entire agreement between both Parties regarding this transaction, replacing all previous oral or written agreements.15.4 Method of NoticeBoth Parties shall give notice in writing, including but notlimited to letters, emails, etc.Chapter 16: Assignment of Contract16.1 Restrictions on AssignmentWithout the written consent of the other Party, neither Party may assign its rights or obligations under this contract.16.2 Procedures for AssignmentIf assignment is required, the assigning Party shall give prior written notice to the other Party and obtain the written consent, as detailed in Appendix AK.16.3 Effectiveness of AssignmentAfter assignment is agreed upon by both Parties, the assignee shall comply with all the terms of this contract and assume the corresponding obligations.16.4 Notice of AssignmentThe assigning Party shall give written notice to the other Party within ______ days after the completion of the assignment.Chapter 17: Modification and Supplement of the Contract17.1 Principle of ModificationOnce the contract is signed, neither Party may unilaterally modify it without the consent of both Parties.17.2 Procedures for ModificationBoth Parties may modify the content of the contract, and any modification shall be made in writing and take effect after being signed and sealed by both Parties, as detailed in Appendix AL.17.3 Supplementary AgreementsBoth Parties may enter into a supplementary agreement regarding matters not fully covered in the contract. Supplementary agreements have the same legal effect as this contract.Chapter 18: Interpretation of the Contract18.1 Principles of InterpretationThe interpretation of the contract terms shall follow theprinciples of fairness, good faith, and in accordance with the purpose of the contract and trade practices.18.2 Professional TerminologyProfessional terms used in the contract shall be interpreted according to relevant industry standards or as agreed by both Parties.18.3 Conflicts in InterpretationIn case of different interpretations of the contract terms, the interpretation that does not violate the purpose of the contract and legal provisions shall prevail.Chapter 19: Record Filing of the Contract19.1 Obligation of Record FilingAccording to relevant legal provisions, this contract shall befiled with ______.19.2 Procedures for Record FilingThe contract shall be filed in accordance with the relevant procedures and shall be the responsibility of ______, as detailed in Appendix AM.19.3 Effectiveness of Record FilingAfter the contract is filed, it has the legal effect of being binding on third parties.19.4 Changes in Record FilingIf there are any changes after the contract is filed, it shall promptly apply for changes with the filing authority.Chapter 20: Termination of the Contract20.1 Conditions for TerminationThe contract shall be terminated after the performance is completed or when both Parties agree to terminate.20.2 Procedures for TerminationBoth Parties shall go through the agreed procedures to handle the termination of the contract.20.3 Rights and Obligations after TerminationAfter the termination of the contract, both Parties shall fulfill their respective obligations as agreed in the contract.20.4 Notice of TerminationThe terminating Party shall give written notice to the other Party within ______ days after the satisfaction of the termination conditions.Chapter 21: Renewal of the Contract21.1 Conditions for RenewalBefore the expiration of the contract, both Parties may negotiate for the renewal.21.2 Procedures for RenewalBoth Parties shall go through the agreed procedures to handle the renewal of the contract.21.3 Effectiveness of RenewalThe contract after renewal has the same legal effect as theoriginal contract.21.4 Notice of RenewalThe renewing Party shall give written notice to the other Party within ______ days before the expiration of the contract.Chapter 22: Confidentiality of the Contract22.1 Confidential InformationBoth Parties shall keep confidential the trade secrets, technical secrets, and other information learned during the performance of the contract.22.2 Duration of ConfidentialityThe confidentiality period is effective from the date of signing the contract until ______ years after the termination of the contract.22.3 Liability for Breach of ConfidentialityThe Party that breaches the obligation of confidentiality shall compensate the other Party for the losses suffered as a result.22.4 Disclosure of Confidential InformationConfidential information may be disclosed when required by law or agreed upon by both Parties.Chapter 23: Additional Terms23.1 Definition of Additional TermsBoth Parties may supplement matters not fully covered in the contract by mutual agreement in the form of additional terms.23.2 Legal Effect of Additional TermsAdditional terms have the same legal effect as this contract.23.3 Modification of Additional TermsThe modification of additional terms shall be agreed upon by both Parties and confirmed in writing.23.4 Notice of Modification of Additional TermsAfter the modification of additional terms, both Parties shall give written notice to each other within ______ days.Chapter 24: Effectiveness of the Contract24.1 Conditions for EffectivenessThis contract shall take effect from the date both Parties sign and seal it and Party B pays the deposit.24.2 Effective DateThe signing date of this contract is: ______.24.3 Place of EffectivenessThe signing place of this contract is: ______.24.4 Performance After EffectivenessAfter the contract takes effect, both Parties shall perform their respective rights and obligations as agreed in the contract.Chapter 25: Supplementary Provisions25.1 Applicable LawThis contract is governed by the laws of ______.25.2 Right to Interpret the ContractThe final right to interpret this contract belongs to ______.25.3 Other MattersMatters not covered in this contract shall be resolved amicably through negotiation between both Parties.。
水利水电工程三检表-表2.1.3普通混凝土钢筋制作及安装工序
同一排 一 受力钢 般 筋间距 项 目
排架、 柱、梁
板、墙
双排钢筋，其排 与排间距
允许偏差±0.5d 允许偏差±0.1倍间距 允许偏差±0.1倍排距
梁与柱中箍筋间 距
允许偏差±0.1倍箍筋间距
每项不少于10个 点
全数
每项不少于5个 点
每项不少于10个 点
专职质检员 终检结论
签字：
日期：
*未检查项需用/划除；起止日期、检查记录、结论需用黑色碳素笔填写；表格打印需预留2CM装订位置
无裂纹或其他肉眼可见缺陷
纹
连
接
接
头
每项不少于10个 点
锥 ）
螺
纹 连 钢接 筋接 连头 主接 控 项
外露丝 扣
无1扣以上完整丝扣外露
丝头螺纹与套筒螺纹满足连 螺纹匹 接要求，螺纹结合紧密，无明
配 显松动，以及相应处理方法得 当
目 钢筋间距
无明显过大过小的现象
保护层厚度
允许偏差±1/4净保护层厚
钢筋长度方向 允许偏差±1/2净保护层厚
工程
普通混凝土钢筋制作及安装工序施工质量（终）检记录表
施工年度：2023年
终表2.1.3-3
单位工程名称
工序编号
分部工程名称
施工单位
单位工程名称或部位
项 次
检验项目
钢筋的数量、规 格尺寸、安装位
置
质量要求 符合质量标准及要求
施工起止日期 起： 检查记录
钢筋接头的力学 符合规范要求和国家及行业
性能
有关规定
工程
普通混凝土钢筋制作及安装工序施工质量（复）检记录表
施工年度：2023年
复表2.1.3-2
单位工程名称
三年级上册数学说课稿《2.1_看一看(一)(3)-》-北师大版
说课稿《2.1 看一看（一）（3）－北师大版》一、教材分析《看一看（一）（3）》是北师大版三年级上册数学课程的第二单元的第1课时。
本节课是在学生已经掌握了简单的几何图形和平移、旋转现象的基础上进行学习的。
通过本节课的学习，学生需要能够辨别从不同方向观察物体和几何图形，并能够描述物体的相对位置关系。
二、教学目标1. 知识与技能目标：学生能够从不同方向观察物体，并能够用语言描述物体的相对位置关系。
2. 过程与方法目标：通过观察、操作、交流等活动，培养学生空间想象能力和几何思维能力。
3. 情感态度与价值观目标：激发学生学习数学的兴趣，培养学生的观察能力和团队协作能力。
三、教学重难点1. 教学重点：学生能够从不同方向观察物体，并能够用语言描述物体的相对位置关系。
2. 教学难点：学生能够运用几何图形进行实际问题的解决。
四、教学过程1. 导入新课通过复习旧知识，如平移、旋转现象，引导学生回顾已学的几何图形，为新课的学习做好铺垫。
2. 探究新知（1）观察物体教师展示一些实际的物体，如玩具、书籍等，引导学生从不同方向观察物体，并描述所看到的形状。
学生通过实际操作，感知到从不同方向观察物体，所看到的形状可能会有所不同。
（2）描述物体的相对位置关系教师引导学生用语言描述物体的相对位置关系，如上下、左右、前后等。
学生通过观察和操作，能够更好地理解和描述物体的相对位置关系。
3. 巩固练习学生通过完成一些实际的练习题，如找出隐藏的图形、描述物体的相对位置关系等，巩固所学知识。
4. 应用拓展教师设计一些实际问题，如根据物体的相对位置关系，设计一个房间的布局等，让学生运用所学知识解决实际问题。
五、教学评价通过学生在课堂上的表现，如观察、操作、交流等，评价学生对知识的掌握程度。
同时，通过学生的练习题和实际问题的解决，评价学生运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。
六、教学反思在教学过程中，教师需要关注学生的学习情况，根据学生的实际情况进行教学调整。
合同英文第一条第二条
合同英文第一条第二条Article 1: Definitions and Interpretation.1.1 In this Contract, unless the context otherwise requires:"Contract" means this agreement between the parties, including any Schedules, Annexes, and Appendices attached hereto."Party" means either the Buyer or the Seller, and "Parties" means both of them."Buyer" means [insert name of the Buyer]."Seller" means [insert name of the Seller]."Goods" means the items specified in Schedule 1 attached hereto."Services" means the services specified in Schedule 2 attached hereto."Price" means the price for the Goods and Services as specified in Schedule 3 attached hereto."Terms" means the terms and conditions of this Contract.1.2 Words importing the singular number only shall include the plural number and vice versa, and words importing persons shall include corporations, unincorporated associations, and partnerships.1.3 References to any gender shall include references to the other gender.1.4 References to Clauses are to Clauses of this Contract and references to Schedules, Annexes, or Appendices are to Schedules, Annexes, or Appendices to this Contract.Article 2: Formation of Contract.2.1 This Contract shall be deemed to have been formed when the Buyer and the Seller have executed and delivered this Contract to each other.2.2 The Parties agree that the terms and conditions set out in this Contract constitute the entire agreement between them relating to the Goods and Services and supersede any previous agreement, understanding, or arrangement between them, whether oral or in writing.2.3 No variation of this Contract shall be binding unless agreed in writing between the Parties.2.4 Each Party confirms that in entering into this Contract, it does not rely on any statement, promise, representation, assurance, or warranty (whether made innocently or negligently) that is not set out in this Contract. Each Party waives any right it might otherwise have to rely on any such statement, promise, representation, assurance, or warranty.2.5 Nothing in this Contract shall exclude or limit either Party's liability for fraud.Article 3: Delivery and Acceptance of Goods.[Insert provisions related to delivery, acceptance, and risk of loss of the Goods.]Article 4: Payment Terms.[Insert provisions related to payment for the Goods and Services, including payment schedule, currency, and any applicable discounts or penalties.]Article 5: Quality and Warranty.[Insert provisions related to the quality of the Goods and Services, warranties provided by the Seller, and any applicable remedies in the event of a breach of warranty.]Article 6: Termination.[Insert provisions related to the termination of the Contract, including events that may lead to termination, the process for termination, and any consequences of termination.]Article 7: Force Majeure.[Insert provisions related to force majeure events, defining such events and specifying their impact on the Contract's performance.]Article 8: General Provisions.[Insert provisions related to general matters such as assignment, subcontracting, notices, governing law, and dispute resolution.]Article 9: Miscellaneous.[Insert any additional provisions or clauses that do not fit into the above categories but are necessary for theContract's completeness.]Schedules, Annexes, and Appendices.[Attach Schedules, Annexes, and Appendices containing specific details related to the Goods, Services, Price, and any other relevant information.]Note: This is a template for a contract's first two articles. It does not constitute legal advice and should be adapted and customized to the specific needs and requirements of the Parties involved. It is recommended to consult with legal professionals when drafting or reviewing contracts.。
外贸合同常用词汇中英对照
外贸合同常用词汇中英对照国际贸易合同受国家法律保护和管辖，是对签约各方都具有同等约束力的法律性文件，是解决贸易纠纷，进行调节、仲裁、与诉讼的法律依据。
接下来小编为大家整理了外贸合同常用词汇中英对照，希望对你有帮助哦!contract 合同，订立合同contractor 订约人，承包人contractual 合同的，契约的to make a contract 签订合同to place a contract 订合同to enter into a contract 订合同to sign a contract 签合同to draw up a contract 拟订合同to draft a contract 起草合同to get a contract 得到合同to land a contract 得到(拥有)合同to countersign a contract 会签合同to repeat a contract 重复合同an executory contract 尚待执行的合同a nice fat contract 一个很有利的合同originals of the contract 合同正本copies of the contract 合同副本a written contract 书面合同to make some concession 做某些让步contract terms (or contract clause) 合同条款contract provisions/stipulations 合同规定contract period (or contract term) 合同期限contract life 合同有效期to be stipulated in the contract 在合同中予以规定to be laid down in the contract 在合同中列明to bring a contract into effect 使合同生效to come into effect 生效to go (enter)into force 生效to cease to be in effect/force 失效to carry out a contract 执行合同to execute/implement/fulfil/perform a contract 执行合同cancellation of contract 撤消合同breach of contract 违反合同to break the contract 毁约to cancel the contract 撤消合同to tear up the contract 撕毁合同to approve the contract 审批合同to honour the contract 重合同to annual the contract 废除合同to terminate the contract 解除合同to alter the contract 修改合同to abide by the contract 遵守合同to go back on one's words 反悔to be legally binding 受法律约束to stand by 遵守non-payment 拒不付款to secure one's agreement 征得...的同意Additional Words and Phrasescontract price 合约价格contract wages 合同工资contract note 买卖合同(证书)contract of employment 雇佣合同contract of engagement 雇佣合同contract of carriage 运输合同contract of arbitration 仲裁合同contract for goods 订货合同contract for purchase 采购合同contract for service 劳务合同contract for future delivery 期货合同contract of sale 销售合同contract of insurance 保险合同contract sales 订约销售contract law 合同法to ship a contract 装运合同的货物contractual dispute 合同上的争议a long-term contract 长期合同a short-term contract 短期合同contract parties 合同当事人contractual practice/usage 合同惯例contractual claim 根据合同的债权contractual liability/obligation 合同规定的义务contractual income 合同收入contractual specifications 合同规定contractual terms & conditions 合同条款和条件contractual guarantee 合同规定的担保contractual damage 合同引起的损害contractual-joint-venture 合作经营，契约式联合经营completion of contract 完成合同execution of contract 履行合同performance of contract 履行合同interpretation of contract 解释合同expiration of contract 合同期满renewal of contract 合同的续订外贸合同常用词汇中英对照将本文的Word文档下载到电脑，方便收藏和打印推荐度：点击下载文档文档为doc格式。
2024年国际贸易促成协议条款中英文对照表一
20XX 专业合同封面COUNTRACT COVER甲方：XXX乙方：XXX2024年国际贸易促成协议条款中英文对照表一本合同目录一览1. 定义与解释1.1 术语定义1.2 解释规则2. 交易条款2.1 商品描述2.2 数量与质量2.3 价格与支付2.4 交货期限与方式2.5 检验与验收2.6 违约责任3. 运输与保险3.1 运输方式3.2 运输责任3.3 保险责任4. 关税与税收4.1 关税义务4.2 税收处理5. 争议解决5.1 协商解决5.2 调解与仲裁5.3 法律适用6. 合同的生效、变更与终止6.1 生效条件6.2 合同变更6.3 合同终止7. 一般条款7.1 保密义务7.2 法律适用与争议解决7.3 合同的生效、变更与终止7.4 违约责任7.5 争议解决8. 合同的修订与补充8.1 修订条件8.2 补充协议9. 通知与送达9.1 通知方式9.2 送达要求10. 权利与义务10.1 双方权利10.2 双方义务11. 辅助条款11.1 技术支持11.2 售后服务12. 合同的解除与终止12.1 解除条件12.2 终止效果13. 违约责任13.1 违约行为13.2 违约责任14. 争议解决14.1 协商解决14.2 调解与仲裁14.3 法律适用第一部分：合同如下：1. 定义与解释1.1 术语定义（1）甲方：指____________（甲方全称）。
（2）乙方：指____________（乙方全称）。
（3）货物：指本合同约定的交付给乙方的产品或物品。
（4）合同：指双方签订的《2024年国际贸易促成协议条款中英文对照表一》。
（5）交货日期：指甲方根据本合同约定应将货物交付给乙方的日期。
1.2 解释规则（1）本合同条款的解释应符合合同的宗旨和双方的意图。
（2）本合同中的仅用于方便阅读，不影响条款内容的解释。
（3）本合同中的空格、附加条款或附加附件均应被视为合同的一部分，具有同等法律效力。
2. 交易条款2.1 商品描述甲方应按照合同附件的详细描述向乙方提供货物。
每日英语contract合同;合约
每日英语contract合同;合约合同编号：__________地址：联系方式：代表：地址：联系方式：代表：第一条服务/商品1.1 甲方同意向乙方提供服务/商品，具体内容、范围、要求等详见附件一。
1.2 甲方应按照乙方提供的技术要求和标准提供服务/商品。
1.3 乙方应提供必要的配合和支持，以确保甲方顺利提供服务/商品。
第二条合同价格2.1 双方确认，本合同的总价为人民币____元整（大写：____________________元整），支付方式见附件二。
2.2 乙方应在合同签订后____个工作日内，向甲方支付合同总价。
第三条合同履行期限3.1 本合同自双方签字（或盖章）之日起生效，有效期为____年，自合同生效之日起计算。
3.2 乙方应在合同有效期内按照约定履行合同义务。
第四条保密条款4.1 双方在合同履行过程中所获悉的对方的商业秘密、技术秘密、市场信息等，应予以严格保密。
4.2 保密期限自本合同签订之日起算，至合同终止或履行完毕之日止。
第五条违约责任5.1 任何一方违反本合同的约定，应承担相应的违约责任，向守约方支付违约金，违约金为本合同总价款的____%。
5.2 违约方应承担因违约所产生的包括但不限于赔偿金、律师费、诉讼费等费用。
第六条争议解决6.1 双方在履行本合同过程中发生的争议，应通过友好协商解决；协商不成的，任何一方均有权向合同签订地人民法院提起诉讼。
第七条其他条款7.1 本合同未尽事宜，双方可签订补充协议，补充协议与本合同具有同等法律效力。
7.2 本合同一式两份，甲乙双方各执一份。
7.3 本合同自双方签字（或盖章）之日起生效。
甲方（盖章）：________年________月________日乙方（盖章）：________年________月________日附件一：服务/商品详细说明附件二：支付方式及支付时间表一、附件列表：1. 附件一：服务/商品详细说明2. 附件二：支付方式及支付时间表二、违约行为及认定：1. 甲方未按照约定时间、质量、数量提供服务/商品。
商务英语翻译 contract合同翻译PPT课件
完整版课件
21
多用成双成对的同义词
• 1)This Agreement made and entered into by and between ABC Co. and XYZ Co.
• ABC 公司和XYZ公司双方签订本协议.
完整版课件
一.合同
• 概论：合同是指经贸活动中，双方就某一 具体事务的权利和义务协商一致后达成的 书面文件。由于合同具有法律约束力，对 权利和义务的规定直接关系到当事人的经 济利益，所以缔约双方对合同的内容，语 言文字的表达，甚至一词一字的运用都十 分关注。
完整版课件
1
二.商务合同的构成部分
• 1.合同名称 Title 2. 前文(前言) Preamble 1) Date of signing 2) Signing parties 3) Each party's authority (当事人的合法依 据) 4)Place of signing 5) Recitals or WHEREAS clause (定约缘 由)
22
• 2)All documents, letters, telegrams and telexes interchanged between both parties before the signing of the Contract shall become null and void automatically from the date on which the Contract comes into force.
完整版课件
13
• 仲裁：凡有关执行合同所发生的一切应通 过友好协商解决，如协商不能解决，则将 分歧 提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关 仲裁程序进行仲裁，仲裁将是终局的，双 方均受其约束，仲裁费用由败方承担。
英文合同1-3
(2) In the event of a Subcontractor having undertaken towards the Contractor in respect of the Works executed, or the goods, materials, plant or services supplied by such Subcontractor, any continuing obligation extending for a period exceeding that of the Defects Liability Period under the Contract, the Contract shall, at any time, the expiration of such Period, assign to the Employer, at the Employer’s request and cost, the benefit of such obligation for the inexpiration duration thereof.
2024通用版国际贸易协议中英对照全文一
20XX 专业合同封面COUNTRACT COVER甲方：XXX乙方：XXX2024通用版国际贸易协议中英对照全文一本合同目录一览1. 定义与术语1.1 定义1.2 术语2. 合同主体2.1 当事人信息2.2 授权代表3. 商品与数量3.1 商品描述3.2 数量与规格4. 价格与支付4.1 价格条款4.2 支付方式4.3 支付时间5. 交付与运输5.1 交付地点与时间5.2 运输方式5.3 风险转移6. 质量与检验6.1 质量标准6.2 检验程序7. 违约责任7.1 卖方违约7.2 买方违约8. 争议解决8.1 协商解决8.2 调解8.3 仲裁9. 适用法律9.1 法律适用9.2 法院管辖10. 合同的生效、变更与终止10.1 生效条件10.2 合同变更10.3 合同终止11. 保密条款11.1 保密义务11.2 例外情况12. 不可抗力12.1 不可抗力事件12.2 不可抗力后果13. 附加条款13.1 技术支持与服务13.2 售后服务14. 其他14.1 合同附件14.2 合同修订记录第一部分：合同如下：第一条定义与术语1.1 定义（2）货物：指本合同中约定由卖方提供并交付给买方的产品和服务。
（3）合同金额：指本合同中约定的货物交易总额，包括货物的价格、运费、保险费等。
（4）交货期：指卖方根据本合同约定，将货物交付给买方的时间段。
1.2 术语（1）卖方：指本合同中承担货物销售、交付及售后服务义务的一方。
（2）买方：指本合同中承担货物购买、支付货款及接受货物交付的一方。
（3）不可抗力：指本合同履行过程中，无法预见、无法避免且无法克服的客观情况，包括但不限于自然灾害、社会事件等。
第二条合同主体2.1 当事人信息（1）卖方：名称：____________地址：____________联系人：____________联系电话：____________（2）买方：名称：____________地址：____________联系人：____________联系电话：____________2.2 授权代表（1）卖方授权代表：____________（2）买方授权代表：____________第三条商品与数量3.1 商品描述（1）货物的名称、型号、规格、质量等详见附件一。
外贸销售合同英语单词含义
1. Contract（合同）：指买卖双方就货物买卖达成的具有法律效力的书面协议。
2. Seller（卖方）：指在合同中承诺出售货物的当事人。
3. Buyer（买方）：指在合同中承诺购买货物的当事人。
4. Terms of payment（付款条款）：指合同中规定的买方支付货款的期限、方式及金额等。
5. Shipment（装运）：指将货物从卖方所在地运送到买方所在地的过程。
6. Delivery（交货）：指卖方按照合同规定将货物交付给买方的行为。
7. Quantity（数量）：指合同中规定的货物的数量。
8. Unit price（单价）：指每一单位货物的价格。
9. Total amount（总价）：指合同中规定的货物总金额。
10. Quality（质量）：指货物的品质、性能等。
11. Inspection（检验）：指对货物进行质量、数量等方面的检查。
12. Certificate of origin（原产地证明）：证明货物产自特定国家的官方文件。
13. Insurance（保险）：指为货物在运输过程中可能发生的损失进行赔偿的一种方式。
14. Loading port（装运港）：指货物装船的港口。
15. Destination port（目的港）：指货物卸货的港口。
16. Incoterms（国际贸易术语解释通则）：是一套国际惯例，用于明确买卖双方在货物交付、风险和费用承担等方面的权利和义务。
17. Force Majeure（不可抗力）：指因自然灾害、战争、政府行为等不可预见、不可避免、无法克服的客观情况导致的合同无法履行。
18. Dispute resolution（争议解决）：指在合同履行过程中，双方发生争议时采取的解决方式，如协商、调解、仲裁或诉讼。
19. Validity period（有效期）：指合同的有效期限。
20. Counterparty（对方当事人）：指合同中的另一方当事人。
21. Cancellation clause（解除条款）：指在合同履行过程中，一方当事人因特定原因可以解除合同的规定。
建筑经济合同英语词汇
建筑经济合同英语词汇1. Contract - 合同2. Contractor - 承包商3. Subcontractor - 分包商4. Employer - 雇主5. Engineer - 工程师6. Architect - 建筑师7. Quantity Surveyor - 造价工程师8. Project Manager - 项目经理9. Contract Documents - 合同文件10. Scope of Work - 工作范围11. Schedule - 进度表12. Payment Terms - 付款条款13. Variations - 变更14. Liquidated Damages - 违约金15. Warranty - 保修期16. Defects Liability Period - 保修期17. Force Majeure - 不可抗力18. Termination - 终止19. Dispute Resolution - 争议解决20. Arbitration - 仲裁中文翻译：1. Contract - 合同2. Contractor - 承包商3. Subcontractor - 分包商4. Employer - 雇主5. Engineer - 工程师6. Architect - 建筑师7. Quantity Surveyor - 造价工程师8. Project Manager - 项目经理9. Contract Documents - 合同文件10. Scope of Work - 工作范围11. Schedule - 进度表12. Payment Terms - 付款条款13. Variations - 变更14. Liquidated Damages - 违约金15. Warranty - 保修期16. Defects Liability Period - 保修期17. Force Majeure - 不可抗力18. Termination - 终止19. Dispute Resolution - 争议解决20. Arbitration - 仲裁。
2024年国际贸易协议英文模板集锦
20XX 专业合同封面COUNTRACT COVER甲方：XXX乙方：XXX2024年国际贸易协议英文模板集锦本合同目录一览1. 第一条协议概述1.1 第一层级的子条款1.2 第二层级的子条款1.3 第三层级的子条款2. 第二条定义与解释2.1 第一层级的子条款2.2 第二层级的子条款2.3 第三层级的子条款3. 第三条货物的描述与数量3.1 第一层级的子条款3.2 第二层级的子条款3.3 第三层级的子条款4. 第四条价格与支付方式4.1 第一层级的子条款4.2 第二层级的子条款4.3 第三层级的子条款5. 第五条交货与运输5.1 第一层级的子条款5.2 第二层级的子条款5.3 第三层级的子条款6. 第六条质量与检验6.1 第一层级的子条款6.2 第二层级的子条款6.3 第三层级的子条款7. 第七条保险与风险转移7.1 第一层级的子条款7.2 第二层级的子条款7.3 第三层级的子条款8. 第八条违约与责任8.1 第一层级的子条款8.2 第二层级的子条款8.3 第三层级的子条款9. 第九条争议解决9.1 第一层级的子条款9.2 第二层级的子条款9.3 第三层级的子条款10. 第十条适用法律10.1 第一层级的子条款10.2 第二层级的子条款10.3 第三层级的子条款11. 第十一条合同的变更与终止11.1 第一层级的子条款11.2 第二层级的子条款11.3 第三层级的子条款12. 第十二条保密条款12.1 第一层级的子条款12.2 第二层级的子条款12.3 第三层级的子条款13. 第十三条通知与通信13.1 第一层级的子条款13.2 第二层级的子条款13.3 第三层级的子条款14. 第十四条完整性与可分割性14.1 第一层级的子条款14.2 第二层级的子条款14.3 第三层级的子条款第一部分：合同如下：第一条协议概述（1）甲方：国公司（2）乙方：YY国YY公司1.2 本协议的目的在于就双方之间2024年的国际贸易进行详细的规定和安排。
2024年英文国际贸易条款标准协议一
20XX 专业合同封面COUNTRACT COVER甲方：XXX乙方：XXX2024年英文国际贸易条款标准协议一本合同目录一览第一条定义与解释1.1 定义1.2 解释第二条合同双方的义务2.1 卖方义务2.2 买方义务第三条商品与质量3.1 商品描述3.2 质量标准第四条数量与包装4.1 数量4.2 包装要求第五条价格与支付5.1 价格条款5.2 支付方式第六条交付与运输6.1 交付日期6.2 运输方式第七条风险转移与保险7.1 风险转移7.2 保险责任第八条检验与索赔8.1 检验8.2 索赔程序第九条违约与责任9.1 违约行为9.2 责任承担第十条争议解决10.1 协商解决10.2 仲裁第十一条适用法律11.1 法律适用第十二条合同的生效与终止12.1 生效条件12.2 终止条件第十三条保密条款13.1 保密内容13.2 保密期限第十四条其他条款14.1 附加条款14.2 修改与补充第一部分：合同如下：第一条定义与解释1.1 定义（1）卖方：指履行合同义务，向买方提供商品和服务的自然人、法人或其他组织。
（2）买方：指接受卖方提供的商品和服务，支付价款的自然人、法人或其他组织。
（3）商品：指卖方根据本合同约定向买方提供的货物和/或服务。
（4）交付：指卖方将商品按照本合同约定的时间和地点转移给买方占有或者控制的行为。
（5）合同：指本合同以及双方为此签订的所有附件和补充协议。
1.2 解释本合同的任何条款均应按照其字面意义进行解释，除非根据合同的上下文、宗旨和公平原则需要给予不同的解释。
第二条合同双方的义务2.1 卖方义务（1）卖方应按照本合同约定的时间和数量向买方交付商品。
（2）卖方应对商品的质量、性能、规格和交付时间承担责任。
（3）卖方应提供商品的安装、调试、培训等服务，并负责解决商品在使用过程中出现的技术问题。
（4）卖方应按照本合同约定履行售后服务义务。
2.2 买方义务（1）买方应按照本合同约定的时间和方式支付商品价款。
2024年英文合同常用词汇与地道中文对应指南
20XX 标准合同模板范本PERSONAL RESUME甲方：XXX乙方：XXX2024年英文合同常用词汇与地道中文对应指南本合同目录一览1. 合同概述与定义1.1 合同概述1.2 合同双方1.3 合同标的2. 合同条款2.1 条款概述2.2 条款内容2.3 条款修改与补充3. 合同标的的交付与验收3.1 交付方式与时间3.2 验收标准与程序3.3 交付与验收的争议解决4. 合同价格与支付4.1 价格确定4.2 支付方式与时间4.3 价格调整5. 合同的履行与违约责任5.1 履行期限与地点5.2 违约情形与责任5.3 违约争议解决6. 合同的变更与解除6.1 变更条件与程序6.2 解除条件与程序6.3 变更与解除的争议解决7. 合同的争议解决7.1 争议解决方式7.2 仲裁程序7.3 诉讼管辖8. 合同的终止与失效8.1 终止条件8.2 失效条件8.3 终止与失效后的处理9. 合同的保密与知识产权9.1 保密义务9.2 知识产权保护9.3 保密与知识产权的争议解决10. 合同的适用法律与管辖10.1 适用法律10.2 管辖法院11. 合同的附件与附加条款11.1 附件内容11.2 附加条款12. 合同的签署与生效12.1 签署程序12.2 生效条件13. 合同的续签与延长13.1 续签条件与程序13.2 延长条件与程序14. 合同的解除与终止后的权利义务14.1 解除条件与程序14.2 终止后的权利义务处理第一部分：合同如下：第一章合同概述与定义第一条合同概述1.1 本合同是由双方于2024年签订的英文合同常用词汇与地道中文对应指南。
1.2 本合同的目的是为了提供一份英文合同常用词汇与地道中文对应指南，以便双方在进行合同起草、谈判和执行过程中使用。
1.3 本合同的内容包括合同概述、合同条款、合同标的的交付与验收、合同价格与支付、合同的履行与违约责任、合同的变更与解除、合同的争议解决、合同的终止与失效、合同的保密与知识产权、合同的适用法律与管辖、合同的附件与附加条款、合同的签署与生效、合同的续签与延长、合同的解除与终止后的权利义务等。
国际贸易合作合同英文标准文本2024版B版
20XX 专业合同封面COUNTRACT COVER甲方：XXX乙方：XXX国际贸易合作合同英文标准文本2024版B版本合同目录一览第一条定义与解释1.1 定义1.2 解释第二条合同双方的权益和义务2.1 双方的权益2.2 双方的义务第三条货物与服务3.1 货物的描述与规格3.2 服务的描述与规格第四条数量与质量4.1 数量的确定4.2 质量的标准与检验第五条价格与支付5.1 价格的确定5.2 支付的条件与方式第六条交货与运输6.1 交货的时间与地点6.2 运输的责任与方式第七条风险转移与保险7.1 风险转移的时间与地点7.2 保险的购买与责任第八条违约与责任8.1 违约的行为与后果8.2 责任的限制与排除第九条争议解决9.1 争议的解决方式9.2 争议的诉讼地点与法律第十条合同的变更与终止10.1 合同的变更10.2 合同的终止第十一条保密条款11.1 保密信息的定义与范围11.2 保密责任的承担与期限第十二条法律适用与争议解决12.1 法律适用12.2 争议解决第十三条一般条款13.1 通知与通讯13.2 完整协议13.3 合同的生效与终止日期第十四条签署与副本14.1 合同的签署14.2 合同副本的数量与分发第一部分：合同如下：第一条定义与解释1.1 定义（1）"合同"：指本合同及其附件，以及双方以书面形式对本合同的任何修改或补充。
（2）"双方"：指本合同双方，即甲方和乙方。
（3）"货物"：指合同中约定由乙方出售给甲方的产品或物品。
（4）"服务"：指合同中约定由乙方提供给甲方的服务。
（5）"交货地点"：指甲方指定的货物交付地点。
（6）"付款日期"：指本合同规定的乙方应收取货款的日期。
1.2 解释第八条违约与责任8.1 违约的行为与后果（1）如果一方违反本合同的任何条款，即构成违约。
国际贸易协议样式(英文2024版)
国际贸易协议样式（英文2024版）本合同目录一览1. 定义与术语1.1 合同当事人1.2 合同商品1.3 合同价格1.4 交付与运输1.5 支付条款1.6 违约责任1.7 争议解决2. 订单与确认2.1 订单提交2.2 订单确认2.3 订单修改2.4 订单取消3. 交付与质量保证3.1 交付时间3.2 交付地点3.3 质量标准3.4 检验与验收4. 价格与支付4.1 价格条款4.2 支付方式4.3 支付期限4.4 利息计算5. 运输与保险5.1 运输方式5.2 运输费用5.3 保险责任5.4 单证提供6. 违约与责任6.1 卖方违约6.2 买方违约6.3 违约赔偿7. 争议解决7.1 协商解决7.2 调解程序7.3 仲裁条款7.4 法律适用8. 合同的生效、变更与终止8.1 合同生效8.2 合同变更8.3 合同终止9. 保密条款9.1 保密义务9.2 保密期限9.3 例外情况10. 法律适用与争议解决10.1 法律适用10.2 争议解决11. 其他条款11.1 第三方受益11.2 不可抗力11.3 合同转让11.4 附件说明12. 签署与盖章12.1 签署日期12.2 签署地点12.3 盖章要求13. 附件13.1 商品描述13.2 技术参数13.3 报价单13.4 装箱单13.5 保险单13.6 其他文件14. 完整协议14.1 取代先前协议14.2 修改与补充14.3 语言版本14.4 合同副本第一部分：合同如下：第一条定义与术语1.1 合同当事人（1）卖方：指签订本合同的出口商，即提供商品及服务的当事人。
（2）买方：指签订本合同的进口商，即接受商品及服务的当事人。
1.2 合同商品（1）商品：指本合同约定的卖方应当提供的货物及相关的技术支持和服务。
（2）技术支持：包括但不限于商品的安装、调试、培训、技术咨询等。
1.3 合同价格（1）合同总价：指卖方根据本合同约定的商品、数量、规格等因素，计算出的交易总价。
2024年英文协议常用词汇与地道中文对应指南
20XX 专业合同封面COUNTRACT COVER甲方：XXX乙方：XXX2024年英文协议常用词汇与地道中文对应指南本合同目录一览1. 协议范围与定义1.1 协议范围1.2 定义与解释2. 双方权益与义务2.1 甲方权益与义务2.2 乙方权益与义务3. 协议内容3.1 协议项目3.2 协议执行方式4. 协议期限4.1 起始日期4.2 终止日期5. 费用与支付方式5.1 费用标准5.2 支付方式与时间6. 违约责任6.1 违约行为6.2 违约责任承担7. 争议解决7.1 争议解决方式7.2 争议解决机构8. 合同的变更与解除8.1 变更条件8.2 解除条件9. 保密条款9.1 保密内容9.2 保密期限10. 法律适用与争议解决10.1 法律适用10.2 争议解决11. 其他条款11.1 不可抗力11.2 合同的转让12. 签署与生效12.1 签署方式12.2 生效条件13. 附件13.1 附件列表13.2 附件内容14. 合同的修订与补充14.1 修订条件14.2 补充内容第一部分：合同如下：1. 协议范围与定义1.1 协议范围1.2 定义与解释（1）甲方：指具有合法经营资格并有能力提供服务的个人或组织。
（2）乙方：指需要接受甲方提供服务的个人或组织。
（3）服务：指甲方根据本协议约定，向乙方提供的英文协议常用词汇与地道中文对应指南。
2. 双方权益与义务2.1 甲方权益与义务（1）甲方应按照本协议约定的内容和方式，向乙方提供服务。
（2）甲方应保证服务的质量和效果，确保乙方能够满意。
（3）甲方应按照本协议约定的时间，完成服务并提供给乙方。
2.2 乙方权益与义务（1）乙方应按照本协议约定的时间和方式，向甲方支付服务费用。
（2）乙方应配合甲方的服务，提供必要的信息和资料。
（3）乙方应按照本协议约定的方式，使用甲方提供的服务。
3. 协议内容3.1 协议项目本协议项下的服务内容包括：英文协议常用词汇与地道中文对应指南。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Evidence requirements
1. Evidence for the knowledge and/or skills in this Outcome will be provided on a sample basis. 2. This evidence may be presented in response to a specific question or questions. 3. Each candidate will need evidence to show that they can, with reference to a particular aspect of the law, provide an accurate and clear explanation of the legal situation, as it is contextualised within the case study, or case studies.
Outcome 2
2.1 Introduction
Explain the law of contract • Knowledge and/or skills ♦ Essentials of a contract ♦ Definition of a contract ♦ Rules of offer and acceptance ♦ Illegality and Errors including misrepresentation ♦ Performance of Contract or Breach leading to termination ♦ Remedies for Breach of Contract
Briefing a case
• Case summary:
– – – – – – – – – – case name and citation courts judicial history case facts issues holdings reasonings decisions concurring opinion dissenting opinion
2.3 Essential of a Contract
• Agreement Agreement between the parties to it on all material aspects. If an offer is made then the acceptance must meet the offer.
Hyde v Wrench (1840)
• Issue: –Is there any contract between Hyde and Wrench?
Hyde v Wrench (1840)
• Decision: –The court ruled that there was no contract in any of this; –neither party had made an offer that the other accepted.
Hyde v Wrench (1840)
• Fact: the owner of an estate offered to sell for £1000. The buyer made a counter-offer of £950. The seller did not accept this offer. The buyer then offered the original £1000, but the seller did not accept.
• At Least Two Parties • Legal Obligation There must be some material loss or gain involved. A personal or social obligation will not usually be classed as a Legal Obligation. Example: page 119 Task 6: page 120.
Hyde v Wrench (1840)
• Analysis: – The court held that acceptance of an offer that one had previously rejected will not necessarily allow a Contract to be formed.
-Offer: a definite promise to be bound on specific terms. -Acceptance: an unqualified agreement to the terms of the offer.
Examples: tial of a Contract
Ferguson v Littlewoods Pools Ltd (1997)
• The court reviewed a decision on the enforceability of gaming contracts. • Held: Different considerations played a part in the development of the rules with different emphases in different cases. In some cases the ground of decision is that the parties cannot have intended that the transactions should have legal consequences. In others it was beneath the dignity of the court to enter into the question who won or lost a particular wager, and in others stress is put on the fact that such transactions do not have commercial significance, and it may be that, in some of those cases, a general disapproval of gaming or wagering can be detected.
Ferguson v Littlewoods Pools Ltd (1997)
• Members of a football pools syndicate thought that they had won a £2.5 million jackpot on the Littlewoods pools, but then discovered that the Littlewoods collector had never passed their coupon on to the company and had stolen their stakemoney. Littlewoods refused to make a pay-out. The collector was convicted of theft. The syndicate members raised an action against Littlewoods, but it was dismissed as irrelevant by Lord Coulsfield on 28 March 1996.
2.2 What is a Contract
• Definition: see p. 116. A more brief one: A contract is an agreement which legally binds the parties. 1. There must be an agreement legally recognized as such. 2. The parties concerned must intend that a legal relationship arises between them. 3. There is consideration for the contract or the contract is made under seal. 4. The parties must have the legal capacity to enter a contract.
Jones v Vernon Pools (1938)
• The plaintiff claimed to have won the football pools. The coupon stated that the transaction was "binding in honor only". It was held that the plaintiff was not entitled to recover because the agreement was based on the honor of the parties (and thus not legally binding).
Validity factors
• Form: a minority of contracts have to be made in a particular form. • Genuine consent: e.g. not by duress or by mistake. • Capacity: some persons only have limited capacity to enter into contract. • Content: a contract must be complete and precise in its terms. • Legality: the courts will not enforce a contract which is deemed to be illegal, immoral or contrary to public policy.