基于PLC可控硅的温度闭环控制系统设计

摘要

在许多现代工业生产中，温度控制都是要解决的问题之一，对于无需人力控制的领域，我们需要自动控制。随着电子技术的发展, 可编程序控制器(PLC)已经由原来简单的逻辑量控制, 逐步具有了计算机控制系统的功能。PLC具有通用性强、使用方便、适应面广、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、编程简单等特点。PLC 在工业自动化控制特别是顺序控制中的地位，在可预见的将来，是无法取代的。

本文提出了采用可编程控制器和可控硅组成一个比较简单、通用的温度控制系统。PLC是温度控制的主控核心，采用PID算法，运用PLC梯形图编程语言进行编程，实现温度的自动控制。可编程控制器的一个优势就是可以很方便的改写其中的程序以满足不同的控制系统，尤其在控制系统需要改进时优势更加明显。

文章分别就控制系统的基本工作原理，特殊模块的选型、PLC配置、等几方面进行阐述。通过提高温度控制系统具有响应快、稳定性好、可靠性高、控制精度好等特点，对工业控制有现实意义。

关键词: 温度控制 PLC PID 可控硅闭环系统

Abstract

In many modern industrial production, temperature control is one of problems to solve, without human control on the field, we need automatic control. With the development of electronic technology, programmable logic controller (PLC) have by original simple logical quantity control, gradually with a computer control system function. PLC has strong commonality, use convenient, wide adaptability, high reliability, strong anti-jamming capability, programming of simple features. PLC in industrial automation control especially the status of sequence control in the foreseeable future, is irreplaceable.

This paper proposes using the programmable controller and SCR form a relatively simple, general temperature control system. PLC is the main controlling of temperature control, PID algorithm, core using PLC ladder-diagram programming programming language, realize temperature automatic control. One of the strengths of the programmable controller is very convenient rewrite the program to meet different control system, especially in the control system that needs to improve more obvious when advantage.

Articles respectively basic working principle of the control system, special module selection, PLC configuration, wait a few aspects. By raising the temperature control system has a fast response, good stability, high reliability, control precision is good wait for a characteristic, and the industrial control have realistic significance.

Keywords :temperature-control PLC PID SCR closed-loop system

目录

摘要..................................................................... I Abstract........................................................................................................................................ II 1 绪论.............................................................................................................................. - 1 -

1.1 课题背景及研究目的 ......................................................................................... - 1 -

1.2 国内外的研究状况.............................................................................................. - 1 -

1.3 课题研究内容....................................................................................................... - 2 -

1.4 课题研究方法....................................................................................................... - 3 -

2 PLC控制系统的硬件组成 .................................................................................... -

3 -

2.1 可编程控制器基础.............................................................................................. - 4 -

2.1.1 可编程序控制器的概述................................................................................ - 4 -

2.1.2 可编程控制器的组成和工作原理................................................................ - 4 -

2.1.3 可编程控制器的分类及特点........................................................................ - 7 -

3 PLC控制系统的硬件设计 .................................................................................... - 8 -

3.1 PLC控制系统设计的基本原则和步骤........................................................... - 8 -

3.1.1 PLC控制系统设计的基本原则..................................................................... - 8 -

3.1.2 PLC控制系统设计的一般步骤..................................................................... - 8 -

3.1.3 PLC程序设计的一般步骤............................................................................. - 9 -

3.2 PLC的选型和硬件配置.................................................................................. - 10 -

3.2.1 PLC型号的选择........................................................................................... - 10 -

3.2.2 FX2N的功能简介.......................................................................................... - 11 -

3.2.3 温度检测模块FX2N-4AD-TC........................................................................ - 11 -

3.2.4 电加热控制器.............................................................................................. - 13 -

3.3 系统整体设计方案和电器接线图................................................................. - 15 -

3.4 PLC控制器的设计............................................................................................. - 16 -

3.4.1 PID控制的原理和特点............................................................................... - 16 -

3.4.2 PID控制的参数整定................................................................................... - 17 -

4 PLC控制系统的软件设计 .................................................................................. - 20 -

4.1 PLC程序设计的方法 ........................................................................................ - 20 -

4.2 编程软件FXGP_WIN-C概述与简介 .............................................................. - 21 -

4.3.1 PLC编程指令............................................................................................... - 21 -

4.3.2 控制程序的编写.......................................................................................... - 23 -

5 系统调试 ...................................................................................................................... - 27 -

5.1 系统软件调试..................................................................................................... - 27 -

5.2 系统硬件调试..................................................................................................... - 27 -

5.3 温度系统特性..................................................................................................... - 27 -