词典中最常见的缩略语
外贸英语缩略语的特点及翻译
随着全球化和电子商务的不断发展,外贸英语缩略语的应用和流行程度会越来 越高。作为译者,我们需要不断学习和积累相关知识,以更好地适应市场需求 和国际贸易的发展。我们还可以通过探讨和研究外贸英语缩略语的翻译方法和 技巧,不断提高翻译的准确性和效率,为推动中外贸易合作做出更大的贡献。
参考内容
外贸英语,作为专门用途英语(ESP)的一种,主要用于国际贸易交流和商务 活动中。由于其涉及的领域广泛,包括商品交易、商务谈判、支付方式、物流 等多个方面,因此外贸英语有其独特的语言特点和使用规则。在翻译外贸英语 时,也需要采取适当的翻译模式以确保信息的准确传递。
4、格式化翻译:在外贸英语中,有许多固定的格式和规范,如商业发票、装 箱单、提单等。对于这些格式化的文本,可以采用格式化翻译的方法,即按照 固定的格式和规范进行翻译。这种翻译模式需要熟悉各种外贸文档的格式和规 范,以确保信息的准确传递。
总之,外贸英语作为专门用途英语的一种,具有其独特的语言特点和使用规则。 在翻译外贸英语时,需要采用适当的翻译模式以确保信息的准确传递。译员还 需要不断学习和掌握最新的外贸知识和语言变化,以便更好地满足市场需求。
3、增译法:增译法是指在翻译过程中添加额外的信息,以使目标读者更好地 理解源语言的意思。在外贸英语翻译中,增译法经常被用于添加专业术语的解 释或补充信息。例如,“Payment terms are negotiable”可以翻译为“付 款条件可以协商”,同时可以添加注释以解释“payment terms”和 “negotiable”的含义。
3、书面语言的使用:外贸英语通常使用正式和书面的语言,以确保交流的准 确性和可靠性。例如,在外贸合同中,会使用“whereas”和“hereinafter referred to as”等正式的语言表达方式。
缩略语
缩略语是现代语言中一种常见的语言现象, 一些术语性的专有名称, 往往都是词的固定组合, 名称的长度比较大。
所谓缩略语就是对术语性专有名称的简略叫法。
不同的缩略语有不同的简化方法, 这与民族语言使用的文字结构体系有关。
汉语是音节文字, 在简化时一般是选择有一定意义的单音节因素, 以保留音节的整体性, 如: “中华人民共和国”简称“中国”, “中国人民政治协商会议”简称“政协”或“人民政协”。
英语是因素文字, 在简化时一般用字母来代表一个语素或词,如: “National Basketball Association”简称“NBA”。
翻译是兼有解码和编码的一个十分特殊的过程, 具体到缩略语, 可以遵从如下模式: 源语缩略语→源语原文→目的语原文→目的语缩略语。
在这一过程中从源语原文到目的语原文的翻译不在本文讨论范围之内, 属一般的翻译问题。
汉英缩略语的翻译可以从以下两方面进行讨论。
汉语缩略语的英译汉语缩略语译成英语时很容易做到字面上的形式对等,但这种简单的字面对等不能表达缩略语所含的信息, 因而不具有可理解性。
下面就汉语缩略语的主要翻译方法进行一下归纳。
( 1) 解释性翻译这是一种意译法, 完全避开了“缩略”。
缩略语的理解需要有文化背景知识。
功能对等论者认为, 翻译就是译意。
翻译策略应以反映深层结构的功能对等为主, 而不是反映表层结构的形式对应。
如果缩略语只是在上下文使用, 或虽为常用语但原文照译却不为外国读者理解时, 则须把缩略语所包含的信息全部表达出来。
如: “三来一补”如只按汉语缩略语直译成“three processing industries and one compensation”的话, 外国人固然看不懂, 就连中国的非行内人士也不一定弄清它指的是“来料加工、来料装配和来样加工, 补偿贸易”。
所以, 初译时要解释成“processing rawmaterials on client’s demands, assembling parts for the client, processing according to the client’s samples and compensation trade in foreign trade business”。
词典学专业术语
词典学术语abbreviation缩略语abbreviative notation缩略标记abridged删节的,未足本的abridged dictionary节本词典abridgement删节,节本absolute equivalent绝对对应词absolute synonym绝对同义词abusage滥用abusive language辱骂语academic dictionary学术词典academic lexicography学术词典学academy dictionary学院词典accent mark重音号acceptability接受性acceptability rating接受等级access alphabet检索字母表access point检索项access structure检索结构acknowledges致谢项acrolect上层方言acronym首字母缩略词active dictionary积极词典,主动性词典active vocabulary积极词汇adjectival noun形容词性名词adjective complement形容词性补语adjective compound复合形容词adjunct附加性副词adnominal名词修饰语advanced searches高级搜索affix词缀affixation词缀法,词缀词agglutinative language黏着型语言alien word外来词allomorph语素变体allophone音位变体allusion典故alphabetic arrangement字母顺序排列alphabetic order字母顺序alphabetic sequence字母顺序alphabetic writing字母文字,拼音文字alphabetization按字母顺序排列alphanumeric combination字母数字组合词alphapedia字顺百科alternative lexicography另类词典学ambiguity歧义ambilogy双关语amelioration of meaning词义的扬升Americanism美国词语,美式英语Ampersand&号(=and)analogical dictionary类义词典analytic definition分析式释义analytic language分析型语言analytical ordering分析排列angle brackets尖括号animate noun生物名词,动物名词anisomorphism语言差异性antedating早于已摘录文献的引语anthroponymy人名学antidictionary反动词典appendix附录appreciative赞赏的,褒义的appropriateness得体性,适切性approximative equivalent近义对等词arch弓形符(即︵)archaic word古词archaism古体,古语archaizing dictionary仿古词典archeography古文献学archive引语档案areal linguistics区域语言学argot黑话arrow箭号article词条,条目artificial language人工语言asserted meaning陈述意义association联想association by contiguity相邻联想association by contrast对比联想association by similarity类似联想association group联想词群associational word联想词associative meaning联想意义asterisk星号(*)at单价号(@)attestation isolee个别使用attributive adjective修饰性形容词authentic example真确性例证authentication求证authenticity真实性author dictionary独编词典author’s dictionary作家词典automatic lemmatization自动归目automatic lexicography自动词典学autosemantic word自义词auxiliary verb助动词back clipping截尾缩略back matter附录部分,后文back matter structure附录结构back page material后页材料back-formation逆构词法backward dictionary逆序词典,倒排词典barbarism不纯正的词语,粗野语base词基,词根base structure基础结构base word词目base-repeating词根重叠释义法basic searches基本搜索basic sense基本义项basic vocabulary基本词汇basic word stock基本词汇bias word倾向性词语bias-free vocabulary无偏见词汇biblical expression圣经词语bibliography书目;目录学bidirectional dictionary双向双语词典bifunctional dictionary双功能词典big dictionary大型词典bilingual dictionary双语词典bilingual edition双解本,双解版bilingual learner’s dictionary双语学习词典bilingual lexicography双语词典学bilingual thesaurus双语分类词典bilingualized dictionary双解词典biographical dictionary人名词典biographical entry人名条目biographical lexicography人名词典学biographical sources传记资料blend混成词,拼缀词blending混成法,拼缀法;拼缀词bogey怪字bold-faced type黑体字borrowed word外借词borrowing借词bound equivalent局限对应词bound form黏附形式bound morpheme黏着词素bound root黏着词根braces大括号brackets方括号breve短音符bridge dictionary桥接词典British National Corpus英国国家语料库broad notation宽式标音法broad transcription宽式音标,宽式记音法browser浏览器buying guide购买指南cacography拼写错误cacology用词不当calque仿照词canonical form标准形式cant隐语,黑话capital letter大写字母caret脱字号(^)casual style随便语体,随意文本catachresis词语误用catchword眉词,导词categorical diversity范畴的差异性categorical equivalence范畴对应关系categorical identity范畴一致性categorization划分范畴,归类caution提醒号CD-ROM dictionary光盘词典censorship审查制度census普查,调查centered period分节点,音节号,中黑点(·)character dictionary字典character set字集check mark核对号(√)children’s dictionary儿童词典chronological dictionary序时词典circular definition循环释义circularity循环释义,互训circumflex音调符号,长音符号circumlocution迂回曲折表达法,遁词citation引语,书证,例证citation file引例档案classificatory label分类标注,类别标记clause idiom成语性分句cliché陈词滥调clipped form截短形式clipped word截短词clipping截短法close construction封闭结构closed combination封闭型组合closed corpus封闭式语料库closed-class words封闭性词类code代码codification编码coding代码化cognate同源词cognitive meaning认知意义coherence连贯性co-hyponym共下义词,共同受支配词coinage新造词语coined term新造术语coined word新造词,新创词college dictionary大学词典collegiate dictionary大学词典collocation搭配(关系)collocational information搭配信息collocative meaning搭配意义colloquial language口语colloquial standard口语标准语colloquial word口语词colloquialism口语词colorpedia彩图百科comb effect梳子效应combinatory possibility组合可能性combinatory variant组合变体combining form组合形式commercial dictionary商业词典common core vocabulary基本词汇,共有核心词汇common usage普通用法common word普通词compact dictionary缩印词典compact edition缩印版comparative lexicography比较词典学compilation(词典)编纂compiler编纂者compiler perspective编篡者视角complementaries互补反义词complete antonym完全反义词complete synonym完全同义词complex word复杂词componential analysis成分分析,义素分析composition合词法compound复合词compound word复合词,合成词compounding复合构词法comprehensive dictionary详解词典computational lexicography计算词典学computer lexicography计算机词典学conceptual connection概念联系conceptual dictionary概念词典conceptual meaning概念意义concise dictionary简明词典concordance语词索引confrontationist linguistics对照语言学conjunct连接性副词connotation隐含意义;附加意义;内涵connotative meaning内涵意义connotative style咨询文体content word实义词context语境context definition语境释义法context of situation言语环境,情景语境contextual definition语境释义contextual function语境功能contextual meaning语境意义contextual theory语境理论contract word缩写词contracted form,contraction缩写contradictory term对立性反义词contrast对称词contrastive analysis对比分析contrastive linguistics对比语言学conversion词类转化法conversive换位反义词cooccurrence同现cooccurrence relation同现关系cooccurrence restriction同现限制cooccurrence-range搭配cooccurrent meaning共现意义copying in dictionaries词典抄借copyright版权core group核心词群core sense核心义项core vocabulary核心词汇core word核心词co-reference互见corpus语料库corpus composition语料库的组成corpus correction语料库矫正corpus-orient lexicography语料库技术词典学correction矫正correctness正确性count noun可数名词countable noun可数名词coverage覆盖度creole混合语creolized language混合语cross reference互参,互见,交互参照cross-classification交叉结构cross-reference structure参见结构cryptogram密码cryptology隐语cultivated spoken language有教养的口头语言cultivated usage优雅用法cultural borrowing文化借用cultural context文化环境cultural dictionary文化词典cultural guide文化向导cultural lexicography文化词典学cultural-bound lexical item文化局限词汇项cultural-bound term(word)文化局限词cultural-loaded expression文化含义词cultural-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇culture-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇cuneiform,cuneiform writing楔形文字curtailed word缩短词cyclopedia百科全书cynicism挖苦语dagger剑号(┼)data bank数据库database数据库,资料库databases&audio-visual materials数据库与声像资料data-processing资料加工,数据处理dead affix废弃的词缀,废缀dead conjugation已经不用的词形变化形式dead language死语言dead metaphor死隐语dead word废词deadjective suffix附加于形容词的后缀deadjective verb来自形容词的动词declension(静词)词尾变化decode解码decoding dictionary解码词典decoding function解码功能de-etymologization词源中断definiendum被下定义的词语,被释词目definiens(pl.definientia)下定义用的词语,释义defining dictionary释义词典defining vocabulary(DV)定义用词汇,定义用词汇总表definition释义,定义deflexion词尾消失degeneration of meaning词义的降格deictic field指示范围denominal adjective来自名词的形容词denominal noun来自名词的名词denominal suffix附加于名词的后缀denominal verb来自名词的动词denotation所指意义,字面意义denotational meaning指称意义,所指意义denotative meaning外延意义denotatum(pl.denotata)所指客观对象density of entries词条密度derivation派生词;派生法derivation by zero suffix零位后缀派生法derivational affix派生词缀derivational antonym派生反义词derivational compound派生复合词derivational morpheme派生形素derivational suffix派生后缀derivative派生词derived form源出(<)derived sense派生义项derived stem派生词干deriving form派生形式derogatory贬损的,贬义的description描写descriptive dictionary描写性词典descriptive equivalent描写性对应词descriptive function描写功能descriptive trend描写性倾向descriptivism描写主义descriptor系索词,标志词designate定义,所指内容的组成designation指称意义designative word指称词designatum(pl.designata)所指内容desk dictionary案头词典desktop e-dictionary桌面电子词典desktop electronic-dictionary桌面电子词典deterioration of meaning词义降格,词义贬降determiner限定词deverbal adjective来自于动词的形容词deverbal noun来自于动词的名词deverbal suffix附加于动词的后缀diachronic approach历时角度diachronic dictionary历时词典diacritic变音符,附加符号diacritic sign附加符号diacritical mark变音符,附加符号diacritical marking符号标音法dialect dictionary方言词典dialect lexicography方言词典学dialectism方言词语diction措词dictionary词典,字典dictionary awareness词典意识dictionary criticism词典批评dictionary culture词典文化dictionary family词典家族dictionary for comprehension理解型词典dictionary for production生成型词典dictionary for speakers of the source language源语用户词典dictionary for speakers of the target language目的语用户词典dictionary for translation翻译词典dictionary form词典形式dictionary history词典史dictionary lookup词典查检dictionary maker词典编篡者dictionary making词典编篡dictionary meaning词典意义dictionary of proverbs谚语词典dictionary of the literary language书面语词典dictionary of the spoken language口语词典dictionary proper正文部分dictionary research词典研究dictionary review词典评论dictionary structure词典结构dictionary text词典语篇dictionary typology词典类型学dictionary use词典使用dictionary user词典使用者dictionary with bilingual双解词典dictionary word词典词didactic function教导功能differentia specifica属差differentia(pl.differentiae)种差differential dictionary区别性词典differential linguistics区别语言学diglossia双语现象diglottic level双语现象的变体diminutive指小(词)diminutive suffix指小后缀directories of agencies机构指南disambiguation消除歧义discourse meaning话语意义discrimination辨异,词义辨析disjunct分离性副词distinctive feature区别性特征distributional analysis分布分析法ditransitive verb双宾语动词ditto“同上”号(″)division into syllables分音节DJ丹尼尔▪琼斯标音法domesticated word归化词dominant sense主要意义double brackets双方括号double check双核对号(√)double dagger双剑号(╪)double scale组成一对的同义词double virgules双斜线号(//)doublet同源异体字echoic word拟声词edition版本editor编辑EFL lexicography英语作为外语的学习词典学electronic bilingual dictionary电子双语词典electronic dictionary电子词典electronic lexicography电子词典学elevation of meaning词义的扬升ellipsis省略号(…)ELT lexicography英语教学词典学emotive meaning情感意义emotive overtone感情色彩empirical ordering经验排列enclitic后接词encode编码,组码encoding dictionary编码词典encoding function编码功能encyclopedia百科全书encyclopedia definition百科释义encyclopedic dictionary百科词典encyclopedic entry百科条目encyclopedic matter百科信息English Philological Society英语语文协会entailed meaning蕴含意义entry条目,词条entry pane条目窗entry word词目ephemeral word瞬息新词equivalent对应词equivalent analogue等值的对应体ESL(English as second language)作为第二语言的英语ethnolinguistic bilingual dictionary人类语言学双语词典etymological dictionary词源词典etymology词源(学)euphemism委婉语everyday expression日常用语example,example-sentence例句exclamation mark感叹号exegetic dictionary注释词典exemplification括注法explanatory definition解说式释义explanatory equivanlent解释对等词explanatory gloss解释性说明explicit cross-reference明示互参extended sense引申意义extension外延extension of meaning语义扩大extinct language死语,死亡语extralinguistic context语言外语境familiar style非正式文体family of languages语系field场field theory词场理论field label学科标注figurative meaning比喻意义figurative speech比喻语figurative-metaphorical比喻隐喻的figure of speech修辞格file资料档案files of citation引例档案filler-in填空词fist参见号fixed accent固定重音fixed collocation固定搭配fixed phrase固定短语fixed stress固定重音fixed word-combination固定词组fixed word-order固定词序folk definition通俗释义folk etymology民俗词源,俗词源学folk speech民间语folk usage通俗用法folk-etymological民俗词源的forcing example强迫性例证foreign affix外来词缀foreign learner’s dictionary外国学习者词典foreign word外来词,外语词foreignism外来词语form of address称呼形式form speech正式言语form style正式文体form word形式词format板式,开本formative构词成分formulaic definition程式释义four-letter word四字母语,粗俗词语frame(structure)框架(结构)free combination自由组合free morpheme自由语素free root自由词根free translation意译free variant自由变体free variation自由变异free word order自由词序French quotes法文引号,书名号frequency词频frequency word-book频率词表front and back clipping对词的首部与尾部的缩略front clipping对词的首部的缩略front matter前页部分front matter,front page material前页,前页材料,(正文前的)材料frozen expression定型短语frozen style拘谨文体full homonym实足同形同音异义词full word实词,完全词function word功能词,虚词functional equivalent功能等值functional label功能标注functional language功能语言functional marker功能标记functional typology功能分类法functional varieties功能变体functional word功能词,虚词fuzzy terms模糊词语gazetteer地名索引,地名词典gem dictionary珍宝词典,精选词典general concordance普通词表general dictionary通用词典;普通词典generalization of meaning词的普遍化general-purpose bilingual dictionary综合性双语词典,通用双语词典general-purpose dictionary综合性(语文)词典general-purpose English dictionary综合性英语词典generative dictionary生成词典generic term类属词genus总属genus proximum近种geographical dictionary地理词典geographical entry地理条目geographical sources地理资料ghostword鬼词,别字giving synonyms同义词释义gleaning补遗gloss夹注,注释glossary注释词表,术语汇编glueword连接词gobbledygook官样文章Gothic writing哥特体字,黑体字governed word受支配词governing word支配词government publications政府出版物gradable adjective等级形容词grammar语法grammatical bound meaning受语法限制的意义grammatical coding语法代码grammatical collocation语法搭配grammatical context语法语境grammatical function语法功能grammatical information语法信息grammatical labeling语法代码grammatical marker语法标记grammatical motivation语法理据grammatical pattern语法模式grammatical sequence语法序列grammatically-partial word虚词graphic illustration插图,图解graphic substance形的实体graphic symbol书写符号guide word眉题,向导词habitual collocation习惯性搭配habitual co-occurrence习惯性同现handheld electronic dictionary掌上电子词典haplography掉字,漏写hard word难词head phrase词条headword词目heavy-duty word重负荷词hesitation-form犹豫形式hierarchical structure层级结构hierarchical system层级系统hieroglyphic writing象形文字high word高位词historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical dictionary(按历史原则编写的)历史词典historical lexicography历史词典学historical ordering历史排列historical principle历史性原则historism历史词语homograph同形异义词homography同形异义homonym同音异义词,同形异义词homonymy同音异义,同形异义homophone mark同音号humorous幽默的hybrid混合词hybrid language混杂词hybrid word混合词,杂交词hyperonym总义词hypersemanticized discourse超语义化的说法hyphen连字符;隔音号hyphenated name连号hyphenation断词hyphenation routine连字法规则hypocoristic form爱称形式hypocoristic word爱称词hyponym下义词hyponymy下义关系identifying indication识别性说明ideogram表意文字ideographic symble表意符号ideographic writing表意文字ideography表意文字研究ideographical dictionary概念词典,义类词典ideographical function意识功能idiom习语,成语idiomatic expression习惯性词语idiomatic usage习惯用法idiomatics习语学,成语学illiterate language文盲用语illustration插图,例证illustrative citation例证,引证illustrative example说明性例句;例证illustrative quotation例证imitation binding仿古装帧imitative semantic change语义变化模仿immediate postpositive直接后置形容词implicative method隐含法implicit cross-reference暗示互参impolite word不礼貌用语imposition强加inappropriate不得体的indention缩格index索引index verborum词语出处索引indexation索引检索indexes&abstracts索引与摘要indexing language索引语言infix中缀inflected language屈折语inflection屈折变化inflectional affix屈折词缀inflectional language屈折语inflectional morpheme屈折词素inflectional variant屈折变体inflective language屈折语inflexion屈折变化inflexional ending词尾屈折inflexional language屈折语inflexional series屈折序列inflexional suffix屈折后缀informal style非正式文体informant语言调查合作人information card背景资料卡information category信息范畴information retrieval language情报检索语言informative dictionary知识性词典initial inflexion开首屈折initial part词首部分initialism首字母连写词inkhorn term学究气的用语innovation新造词insertible equivalent可插入对应词instruction manual说明手册instrument language古今语言instrumental case工具格intensifier强调成分interactive dictionary交互词典interface language接口语言interjection感叹词interlingual dictionary语际词典interlingual interference语际障碍interlingual purism语际语言纯正主义International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)国际音标,国际音标注音法internationalism国际词intimate style亲昵语体intralingual purism内部语言纯正主义introspective example自省性例证invented example自造词irregular inflection不规则屈折形式italic斜体字italic bold-face type斜黑体jargon行话KK KK音标koine共通语,共同语language for specific purposes专门用途语言language notes语言说明language transfer语言迁移language typology语言类型学langue语言,语言系统latent word潜在词Latinism拉丁词语learned word文言词learner’s dictionary学生词典lemma词目lemma unit词目单位letter-by-letter arrangement纯字母排列法lexeme词汇单位;词位,词素,词项lexical词汇的,语词的lexical ambiguity词汇歧义;词汇模糊性lexical collocation词汇搭配lexical context词汇语境lexical density词汇密度lexical entry词项,语词条目lexical equivalent词义对应词lexical expression词汇表达方式lexical field词汇场lexical gap词汇空缺lexical grammar词汇语法lexical item词汇单位;词位,词素,词项lexical meaning词汇意义lexical set词群,词集lexical stock词汇总库lexical unit词汇单位lexical word词汇词lexicographer词典学家,词典编篡者lexicographese词典用语lexicographic context词典语境lexicography词典学,词典编篡,词典编篡学lexicology词汇学lexicon词典(尤指古代语言的词典);词库ligature连音符lingua franca混合语,通用语,交际语linguistic context语言语境linguistic dictionary语文词典linguistic matter语言信息linguistic typology硬译分类学linguistics across culture跨文化语言学literal error排字错误,印刷错误literal meaning字面意义literal translation直译,硬译literary书面语literary language文学语言literary standard文学标准语literary word书面词语live suffix活后缀living affix现在通用的词缀living conjugation“活”的(词形)变化living language现用语言,活语言living word现在通用的词汇loan blend借词混成词,借词拼缀词loan shift转用借词loan translation翻译借词,仿译词loan word借词,外来词local dialect地方方言locution措词logical definition逻辑式定义logical ordering逻辑排列logographic lexicon字典logography速记符long vowel长元音lower-case letter小写字母(印刷用语)LSP lexicography专业英语词典学machine-readable dictionary机读词典machine-aided lexicography机助词典学macro-lexicography宏观词典学macron长音符(加在元音上的“-”)macrostructure宏观结构made-up example自造例main word主导词majuscule大写字母makeshift language代用语言malformation构词错误,误构manual手册maps&atlases地图与地图集marginal meaning外延意义mark,marker标记master index总索引meaning意义meaning discrimination词义辨析meaning-oriented principle意义中心原则means of access检索途径measure adjective度量形容词measure noun度量名词mechanical dictionary电脑词典mediostructure中间结构medium dictionary中型词典megastruture整体结构metalanguage元语言metalexicography元词典学metaphor隐喻metaphoric meaning比喻意义,喻义metaplasm词形变异methodology方法论metonymy换喻,转喻microcontext微观语境microglossary微词典microlexicography微观词典学microstructure微观结构middle matter正文部分midline dot分节点mixed language混合语modal verb情态动词mode式momentary event verb瞬间动作动词monolingual dictionary单语词典monolingual lexicography单语词典学monosemic word单义词monosemy单义性moribund language垂死语言morpheme语素morpheme word语素词morphemic arrangement语素顺序排列morphemic dictionary词素词典morphemical mark形态符号morphology词法morphology label词法标注mother tongue negative transfer母语负迁移motional verb动作动词motivated word有理据的词motivation of word词的理据multi-lingual dictionary多语词典multilingual lexicography多语词典学multi-media dictionary多媒体词典multiword lexical unit多单词词位,复词词汇单位narrow Romic严式罗密克音标narrow transcription严式音标,窄式记音法narrowed meaning狭义narrowing词义缩小native affix本族词缀native language本族语native speaker说本族语的人native speaker’s dictionary本族语词典native word本族词natural language自然语言near-synonym近义词negative transfer负迁移neoclassic formation新古典词的构词法neoclassic word新古典词neologism新词nest(ing)派生词群nest-alphabetic method词集字母排列法nil-equivalent零对应词,无对应词noetics义位学nomenclature术语集nominal definition名目定义nonce-word临时词non-designative非指称词non-echoic word非拟声词non-gradable adjective非等级形容词non-historical dictionary非历史词典non-insertible equivalent非插入对应词non-productive无构词能力的non-restrictive collocation非限制性搭配nonstandard非标准(用语)normal dictionary传统词典normative dictionary规范词典normative lexicography规范性词典学notional passive意义上被动notional system概念系统notional word实义词noun名词noun adjunct附加名词noun cluster名词词组noun compound复合名词noun of multitude群体名词noun-drivative派生名词now rare目前少用nuance细微差别numbered clause分节号(§)numeral数词object宾语object language目的语,对象语言obsolescent陈旧的obsolete已废的obsolete affix废缀obsolete word旧词obsoletism已废弃的词语one-phrase definition单一短语释义法one-to-one correspondence一一对应one-to-one equivalent一一对等on-line dictionary在线词典,网络词典onomasiological gap词汇空缺;名称空缺onomasiology定名学onomasticon专名词典onomatopoeic word拟声词open combination开放型组合open corpus开放式语料库open-class words开放性词类opposite meaning对立意义optional variant随意变体oratorical style演说文体ordinal number序数词ordinals序数词orthographic criterion书写标准orthographic syllable拼法音节orthography正字法,拼写法ostensive definition直观定义ostensive definition直观释义法output language输出语outside matter正文外部分overall-descriptive dictionary全面描写词典over-defining过度释义P marker短语标记pagination页码检索paper dictionary纸质词典paradigm(名词、动词等的)词形变化表paragraph分节号(§);段落;段落号(▪)parallel bars平行号(║)parent language母语,源语parentheses圆括号parole言语paronym形似词partial conversion部分词类转化partial equivalent部分对应词partial homonym部分同音同形异义词participle分词particle小品词,语助词parts of speech词类parts-of-speech label词性标注passive dictionary被动型词典,消极词典patois土话pedagogical dictionary教学词典pedagogical lexicography教学词典学pejorative轻蔑词pejorative epithet表贬损的修饰语pejorative suffix贬义后缀perfect antonym完全反义词perfect equivalence完全对等perfect equivalent完全对等词perfect homonym完全同音同形异义词period句号period dictionary断代词典period lexicography断代词典学peripheral kinds of vocabulary边缘性词汇peripheral language外围语periphrastic definition迂回定义peroration of meaning词义的降格personal suffix人称后缀phantom word幻象词phenomenological typology现象分类法philological bilingual dictionary语文学双语词典philological dictionary语文词典philology语文学phoneme音位,音素phonemic notation音标,音位标音法phonemic transcription音位标音phonemic word音位词phonemics音位学,音素学phonetic acronym语音缩写词phonetic alphabet音标,语音字母phonetic change语音演变phonetic convergence音变的汇合phonetic hyphen隔音号(-)phonetic motivation拟声理据phonetic pattern语音模式phonetic spelling表音拼写法phonetic syllable语音音节phonetic symbol音标,音符phonetic transcription注音,标音法phonetic writing拼音文字phoneticism音标拼词法phonographic alphabet表音字母phonology音系学,音位学phrasal verb短语动词phrase短语,词组phrase clipping短语略写phrase idiom惯用短语phrase marker短语标记phraseological dictionary熟语词典phraseological lexicography熟语词典学phraseology熟语,熟语集phrasing措词pictograph象形文字pictographic writing图画文字pictorial arrangement图式顺序排列pictorial dictionary图画词典pictorial illustration插图pidgin混杂语pidgin English洋泾浜英语plurality复数性,多重性plurilingual多语种的plurilingualism多语制pocket dictionary袖珍词典pocket electronic dictionary掌上电子词典poetic word诗歌用语poetical archaic word诗用古词poetry诗体poetism诗体词语polite formulas礼貌套语polylingual多语种的polylingual dictionary多语种对照词典polylingualism多语制polyseme,polysemous word多义词(现象)polysemy多义现象,一词多义polysyllable多音节词polytechnic dictionary科技词典popular etymology俗词源学popular language俗语popular word俗语词portmanteau word紧缩词post-modifier后置修饰语postpositive后置形容词pragmalinguistics语用语言学pragmatic analysis语用分析pragmatic equivalent语用对应词pragmatic failure语用失误pragmatics语用学predeterminer前置限定词predicative表语preface序言prefix前缀prefixation加前缀premodifier前置修饰语prescriptive规范性的prescriptive dictionary规范词典prescriptive grammar规定语法prescriptive lexicography规定性词典学prescriptive trend规定性倾向prescriptivism规定主义present participle现在分词presentational affix表义词缀presentational or tectonic typology表述(或构造)分类法primary accent主重音primary linguistic data第一手语言资料primary meaning本义primitive原始词principal language主体语言print dictionary印刷型词典printing印刷proclitic后接发音词productive activity(说、写等)产出性活动productive affix有派生能力的词缀,派生词缀productive bilingual dictionary能产性双语词典productive dictionary产出型词典productive function产出功能productivity能产性pronominal adjective代词性形容词pronouncing dictionary发音词典pronunciation key发音表prototype原型proverb谚语provincial standard地方标准punctuation mark标点符号punning双关语purism语言纯正主义purrword褒词quadrilingual dictionary四语词典quasi-normative bilingual dictionary准规范化双语词典quasi-synonym准同义词quasi-synoymous word准同义词questionnaire问卷,调查表quotation书证quotation mark引号radiation(词义的)辐射radical词根,部首radical flexion词根屈折radical language词根语radical sense原始义range of application使用范围range of collocation搭配范围rare罕用reading programme阅读项目real definition真实定义realization体现关系Received Pronunciation(RP)标准发音receptive activity接收活动receptive function接收功能receptor language接收语reciprocal dictionary互补词典reciprocal relation相互关系reduced entry减缩词条reduplication重叠reduplicative word重叠词reference参见reference book工具书reference dictionary查考型词典reference matter检索信息reference mark检索符号reference need检索目的reference skill检索技巧reference unit检索单位referent所指事物,词目所指的对象referential definition所指释义referential meaning information所指意义referential pragmatics指代语用学referential symbolism所指符号refinement修饰reflected meaning发射意义regional word地区性词regionalism区域词语register域register label语域标注relational word关系词relative synonym相对同义词,近义词reroute重新查找respelling schemes重拼法respelling system重拼发音符号系统restricted language限制性语言restriction of meaning词义的限制restrictive collocation限制性搭配reverse dictionary逆序词典rheme述位rhyming dictionary音韵词典Roman type正体字root词根root antonym词根反义词root inflexion词根屈折root form词根形式,根式round brackets圆括号runic writing北欧古代文字running head向导词run-on(entry)副词目,内词条sandhi连读变音scholarly dictionary学术词典schoolboy slang学生俚语scientific terminology科技术语search检索,搜索searching window检索窗secondary accent次重音,次重音号secondary compound二次复合词secondary derivative次派生词secondary language第二语言secondary meaning次要意义secondary morpheme-word次语素词secondary phoneme次音位secondary stress次重音segmental dictionary部分语词词典,特种语词词典selection of entries(articles)选条selection of head characters选字selection of headwords选词selection preference选择倾向selection restriction选择限制sell-aware form自觉形式semantic affinity语义一致semantic arrangement语义顺序排列semantic coincidence语义重合semantic component语义成分semantic condensation语义缩合semantic contradiction语义矛盾semantic contrast语义对比semantic criterion语义标准semantic dictionary主题词典semantic divergence词义分化semantic extension语义扩展semantic factor语义因素semantic field语义场semantic function语义功能semantic glosses语义注释semantic inclusion语义包容semantic intersection语义交叉semantic marker语义标记semantic motivation语义理据semantic properties语义特征semantic prototype model语义原型模式semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学sememe义素semi-bilingual半双解semicolon分号semiology,semiotics符号学semi-unabridged dictionary半足本词典sense义项sense discrimination义项区分sense relation义项关系sentence connector连接词sentence idiom成语性句子sentence pattern句型sentence substitute替代词set expression固定词语shades of meaning语义色彩shift sign移位符(加在元音上的符号,如︵,′)short cuts词义速查short vowel短音符shortening缩短法signification词义singularity单数性slang俚语slang dictionary俚语词典slang expression俚语词语slang word俚语词slant斜线号(/)slip资料卡small capital小大写small dictionary小型词典snarl word贬词social dialect社会方言social-situational feature社会情景特征social-cultural meaning社会文化意义sociopragmatic information社会语用信息sociopragmatics社会语用学solecism语法错误solid compound固定复合词sound pattern语音模式sound shift语音演变sound system语音系统sound-variation语音变异source蓝本sources of statistics统计资料speaker-meaning说话人的用意special dictionary专科词典special lexicography专科词典学special pages专题页special-field dictionary专科词典specialized dictionary专门词典specialized meaning专用义specific term/word狭义词specifying gloss规定性注释speech act言语行为speech level label语言层次标注speech mechanism言语机制speech recognition言语识别speech repertoire活用语言库。
英语单词缩略词大全
英语单词缩略词大全IT:信息技术(Information Technology)PC:个人电脑(Personal Computer)APP:应用程序(Application)CPU:中央处理器(Central Processing Unit)www:环球信息网/万维网(World Wide Web)WiFi:无线网络/无线保真技术(Wireless Fidelity)CD:光盘/激光唱片(Compact Disk)DJ:音乐节目主持人(Disc Jockey)TEL:电话机(Telephone)VCD:录像光盘(Video Compact Disk)DVD:数字录像光盘(Digital Video Disk)VCR:盒式磁带录像(Video Cassette Recorder)MV:音乐短片(Music Video)KTV:卡拉OK(Karaok TV)TV:电视(TeleVision)GPS:全球定位系统(Global Positioning System)ETC:不停车收费系统(Electronic Toll Collection)ABS:防锁死刹车系统(Antilock Brake System)SUV:运动型多用途轿车(Sport Utility Vehicle)BRT:快速公交系统(Bus Rapid Transit)LRT:轻轨公交系统(Light Rail Transit)ATM:自动取款机(Automatic Teller Machine)国家/地区及国际组织类PRC:中华人民共和国(The People s Republic of China)HK:香港(Hong Kong)JP:日本(Japan)KR:韩国(Korea)UK:英国(United Kingdom)US:美国(United States)USA:美国(United States of America)RUS:俄罗斯(Russia)SGP:新加坡(Singapore)EU:欧洲联盟/欧盟(European Union)UN:联合国(United Nations)WTO:世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization)WHO:世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)CIA:美国中央情报局(Central Intelligence Agency)FBI:美国联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of investigation)FDA:食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration)ICAC:廉政公署(Independent Commission Against Corruption)OPEC:石油输出国组织/欧佩克(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)图片机构/公司和协会类EMS:邮政特快专递(Express Mail Service)PLA:中国人民解放军(People s Liberation Army)CCTV:中国中央电视台(China Central Television)CBA:中国篮球协会(Chinese Basketball Association)NBA:美国篮球协会(National Basketball Association)BBC:英国广播公司(British Broad-casting Corporation)VOA:美国之音(Voice of America)IOC:国际奥委会(International Olympic Committee)ISBN:国际标准书号(International Standard Book Number)其他常见杂类缩写Ad:广告(Advertisement)Add:地址(Address)BBQ:烧烤(Barbecue)DIY:自己动手/自助服务(Do it Yourself)ET:外星人(Extra Terrestrial)ID:身份证(Identification Card)IQ:智商(Intelligence Quotient)EQ:情商(Emotional Quotient)PE:体育(Physical Education)No.:号码/编号(Number)KFC:肯德基(Kentucky Fried Chicken)DNA:遗传基因组织(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)GMT:格林威治时间或国际标准时间(Greenwich Mean Time)GDP:国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)OMG:我的上帝/我的天哪(Oh My God)SOS:求救信号(Save Our Soul)UFO:不明飞行物(Unknown Flying Object)VIP:重要人物/贵宾(Very Important Person)WC:厕所(Water Closet)Mr.:先生(Mister)Ms.:女士(Mrs. or Miss)Mrs.:夫人/太太(Mistress)AD:公元(Anno Domini)BC:公元前(Before Christ)AM:上午(Ante Meridiem)(before noon)PM:下午(Post Meridiem)(afternoon)CEO:首席执行官(Chief Executive Officer)CFO:首席财务官(Chief Finance Officer)COO:首席运营官(Chief Operating Officer)CTO:首席技术官(Chief Technology Officer)PhD:博士(Philosophy Doctor)MBA:工商管理硕士(Master of Business Administration)MPA:公共管理硕士(Master of Public Administration)中国人民银行:PBC(The People s Bank of China)中国建设银行:CCB(China Construction Bank)中国农业银行:ABC(Agriculture Bank of China)中国工商银行:ICBC(Industrial & Commercial Bank of China)中国银行:BOC(Bank of China)交通银行:BCM(Bank of Communications)招商银行:CMB(China Merchants Bank)。
MTI 翻译硕士必备缩略语.
MTI缩略语大全IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织UNSC United Nations Security Council 联合国安理会UNESCO UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织UNSCOM UN Special Commission 联合国特别委员会UNCTAD UN Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易暨发展会议UNEP UN Environment Programme 联合国环境规划署UNGA the United Nations General Assembly 联合国大会UNDP UN Development Program 联合国开发计划署NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 美国国家航空航天管理局AMA American Medical Association 美国医药协会DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid 脱氧核糖核酸PBOC People's Bank of China 中国人民银行CAFTA Central America Free Trade Agreement 中美洲自由贸易协定NAFTA North America Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协定AIG American International Group 美国国际集团DOF Degree of Freedom 自由度B2C Business to Customer 企业对消费者的电子商务模式MFNS Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 最惠国待遇原则TARP Troubled Asset Relief Plan 不良资产救助计划ZPG Zero Population Growth 人口零增长RU Rugby Union (英国橄榄球联合会SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 严重的急性免疫缺陷综合征AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合症HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus 艾滋病毒NNP Net National Production 国民净产值CAT Carburetor Air Temperature 汽化器空气温度IMP International Master Program 欧洲国家的一种面向国际学位制度SSN Society Security Number 社会保险账号AMIS Automatic Measure Integrated System自动测量系统集成FTI Federal Tax Included 联邦税款在内VAT Value Added Tax 增值税SGP stability and growth pact 增长与稳定公约(欧盟UNICEF UN International Children's Emergency Fund 联合国儿童基金会SADC Southern African Development Community 南非发展共同体BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司CNN Cable News Network 美国有线电视新闻网络ABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司Australian Broadcasting Corporation 澳大利亚广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting system 哥伦比亚广播公司PBS Public Broadcasting Service美国公共广播电视公司GPRS General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线业务ECB 1.European Central Bank 欧洲央行2.Environmental Conservation Board 环境保护组织ILO International Labor Organization 国际劳工组织UDD United Democratic Front against Dictatorship 反独裁民主统一战线FAO Food Agricultural Organization (of the UN(联合国粮食及农业组织WFTU World Federation of Trade Union 世界工会联合会WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织NPC National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会CPPCC Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议CCP Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党GDP Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值GNP Gross National Product 国民生产总值CPI Consumer Price Index 消费品价格指数AQI Air Quality Index 空气质量指数SME Small and Medium—size Enterprise(s中小型企业CIF Cost Insurance and Freight 到岸价格HBS Harvard Business School 哈佛大学商学院IPCC Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change 政府间气候变化专门委员会IPO Initial Public Offerings 首次公开募股(发行HEC Harbour Entry Control 港口进入管制WWF World Wildlife Fund 世界野生动物基金会WWW World Wide Web 万维网NIC Network Information Center 网络信息中心ISO 1. International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织2.International Science Organization 国际科学组织TPP Toward Peak Performance 接近峰值性能MOFCOM The Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China 中国商务部OECD Organization for Economic Co—operation and Development 经济合作与发展组织IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能组织ASEM Asia—European Meeting 亚欧会议ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东盟APEC Asia—Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经贸合作组织IPR Intellectual Property Rights 知识产权CEPA Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement 更紧密经贸关系的安排CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器UFO Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物FBI Federal Bureau Of Investigation 美国联邦调查局CIA Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局NGO Non—Government Organization 非政府组织NPO Non—profit Organization 非营利组织PHD Doctor of Philosophy 哲学博士学位MBA Master of Business Administration 工商管理硕士MPA Master of Public Administration 公共管理硕士GRE Graduate Record Examination 美国硕士研究生入学资格考试TOEFL Test of English As a foreign Language 托福IELTS International English Language Testing System 雅思CETI Certificate of English Translation and Interpreting 英语翻译资格证书考试CATTI China Aptitude Test For Translators And Interpreters 全国翻译专业资格考试PETS Public English Test System 公共英语等级考试。
英语词典中的那些缩略语
英语词典中的那些缩略语一. 各种表示词性(part of speech)的缩略语n.[C] 或CN=countablenoun 可数名词n.[U] 或UN=uncountable noun 不可数名词v.[T] 或vt=transitiveverb 及物动词v.[I] 或vi=intransitive verb 不及物动词a 或adj=adjective 形容词ad 或adv=adverb 副词conj=conjunction 连接词prep=preposition 介词pron=pronoun 代词int=interjection 感叹词abbr=abbreviation 缩写,缩略语二. 各种对词条加以说明的注释性缩略语esp=especially 尤指;尤用于usu=usually 通常作pl=prural 复数形式sing=singular 单数形式pers pron=personal pronoun 人称代词attrib=attributive 用作定语pred=predicative 用作表语pref=prefix 前缀suff=suffix 后缀neg=negative 否定式euph=euphemistic 委婉语fig=figurative 比喻用法idm=idiom 习语fml=formal 正式用语;书面语infml=informal 通俗用语;口语ironic 讽刺用语;反语joc=jocular 戏谑语compar=comparative form 比较级superl=superlative form 最高级approv=approving褒义derog=derogatory贬义app=appendix 附录dialect 方言sl=slang 俚语taboo避讳语non-standard 不规范用法old-fashioned 过时用法rare 罕见用法BrE 或Brit=British English 英式英语AmE 或US=American/United States English 美式英语ScotE=Scottish English 苏格兰英语IrE=Irish English 爱尔兰英语CanE=Canadian English 加拿大英语AustrE 或Austral=Australian English 澳大利亚英语NZE=New Zealand English 新西兰英语InE=Indian English 印度英语。
缩略语知识点大全
习用性(既是常用的,又是定型的)
语法特征
识别方法 提取方法 还原方法
1.汉语缩略语与其非缩略形式虽然词汇意义相同,但语法功 能不一定相同。2.缩略语的语法功能与构成方式有关。3.略 语与原形功能基本一致。4.数字缩略语主要是名词性的。5. 缩略语大多是名词。
基于用户查询日志和锚文字的汉语缩略语识别法、行缩略语 对应原语言的还原法、余弦相似度方法、在生语料中自动抽 取现代汉语缩略语的方法。 缩略语词典的自扩展缩略语词典的方法、在生语料中自动抽 取现代汉语缩略语的自扩展缩略语词典方法、基于互联网, 实现英语缩略语源词组及中文翻译的自动获取方法。 基于模糊匹配的缩略语还原算法、利用匹配概率和共现概率 进行缩略语对应原语言的还原法。
省力原则
解读过程 产生条件 缩略机制
首先是激活扩散,然后确定选项。
约定俗成、使用范围要广、不应产生歧义、确实有缩略的必 要
约定性缩略、理据性缩略
特点 类别 判定 选择规则
原因 条件
对应性、能产性强、缩略语构成成分选择上的规律性
1.按照缩略的主观作用来分,可分为自然缩略、故意缩略、 预期缩略、超前的故意缩略、个别性的故意缩略。2.按照缩 略代表形式的选用,可分为以因素为选用单位的缩略、以音 节为基础的缩略、以语素为基础的缩略、以下位词为单位的 缩略、表项缩略。3.按缩略成型来分,可分为整体缩略、部 分缩略、缩略后调整。 1.原式成分间关系较固定。2.时间上的后随性。3.形式上的 可逆性。 1.词汇层面的缩略自然选择规则:语序选择:首词优先、首 字优先、末字末词的采用。2.长度的选择:双音化、三音形 式、四音形式。类比舍去、先入为主、结构和语义字义作用: 缩略中的结构影响、缩略中的语义和字义影响。3.故意缩略 的选择规则:有理化倾向、类比采用、语义重心选择、表意 倾向、心理选择。 1.汉语构词法的独特性。2.双音化历史传统沿革和人们求简 心理。3.社会时代发展的客观需要。
词典学专业术语
词典学术语abbreviation缩略语abbreviative notation缩略标记abridged删节的,未足本的abridged dictionary节本词典abridgement删节,节本absolute equivalent绝对对应词absolute synonym绝对同义词abusage滥用abusive language辱骂语academic dictionary学术词典academic lexicography学术词典学academy dictionary学院词典accent mark重音号acceptability接受性acceptability rating接受等级access alphabet检索字母表access point检索项access structure检索结构acknowledges致谢项acrolect上层方言acronym首字母缩略词active dictionary积极词典,主动性词典active vocabulary积极词汇adjectival noun形容词性名词adjective complement形容词性补语adjective compound复合形容词adjunct附加性副词adnominal名词修饰语advanced searches高级搜索affix词缀affixation词缀法,词缀词agglutinative language黏着型语言alien word外来词allomorph语素变体allophone音位变体allusion典故alphabetic arrangement字母顺序排列alphabetic order字母顺序alphabetic sequence字母顺序alphabetic writing字母文字,拼音文字alphabetization按字母顺序排列alphanumeric combination字母数字组合词alphapedia字顺百科alternative lexicography另类词典学ambiguity歧义ambilogy双关语amelioration of meaning词义的扬升Americanism美国词语,美式英语Ampersand&号(=and)analogical dictionary类义词典analytic definition分析式释义analytic language分析型语言analytical ordering分析排列angle brackets尖括号animate noun生物名词,动物名词anisomorphism语言差异性antedating早于已摘录文献的引语anthroponymy人名学antidictionary反动词典appendix附录appreciative赞赏的,褒义的appropriateness得体性,适切性approximative equivalent近义对等词arch弓形符(即︵)archaic word古词archaism古体,古语archaizing dictionary仿古词典archeography古文献学archive引语档案areal linguistics区域语言学argot黑话arrow箭号article词条,条目artificial language人工语言asserted meaning陈述意义association联想association by contiguity相邻联想association by contrast对比联想association by similarity类似联想association group联想词群associational word联想词associative meaning联想意义asterisk星号(*)at单价号(@)attestation isolee个别使用attributive adjective修饰性形容词authentic example真确性例证authentication求证authenticity真实性author dictionary独编词典author’s dictionary作家词典automatic lemmatization自动归目automatic lexicography自动词典学autosemantic word自义词auxiliary verb助动词back clipping截尾缩略back matter附录部分,后文back matter structure附录结构back page material后页材料back-formation逆构词法backward dictionary逆序词典,倒排词典barbarism不纯正的词语,粗野语base词基,词根base structure基础结构base word词目base-repeating词根重叠释义法basic searches基本搜索basic sense基本义项basic vocabulary基本词汇basic word stock基本词汇bias word倾向性词语bias-free vocabulary无偏见词汇biblical expression圣经词语bibliography书目;目录学bidirectional dictionary双向双语词典bifunctional dictionary双功能词典big dictionary大型词典bilingual dictionary双语词典bilingual edition双解本,双解版bilingual learner’s dictionary双语学习词典bilingual lexicography双语词典学bilingual thesaurus双语分类词典bilingualized dictionary双解词典biographical dictionary人名词典biographical entry人名条目biographical lexicography人名词典学biographical sources传记资料blend混成词,拼缀词blending混成法,拼缀法;拼缀词bogey怪字bold-faced type黑体字borrowed word外借词borrowing借词bound equivalent局限对应词bound form黏附形式bound morpheme黏着词素bound root黏着词根braces大括号brackets方括号breve短音符bridge dictionary桥接词典British National Corpus英国国家语料库broad notation宽式标音法broad transcription宽式音标,宽式记音法browser浏览器buying guide购买指南cacography拼写错误cacology用词不当calque仿照词canonical form标准形式cant隐语,黑话capital letter大写字母caret脱字号(^)casual style随便语体,随意文本catachresis词语误用catchword眉词,导词categorical diversity范畴的差异性categorical equivalence范畴对应关系categorical identity范畴一致性categorization划分范畴,归类caution提醒号CD-ROM dictionary光盘词典censorship审查制度census普查,调查centered period分节点,音节号,中黑点(·)character dictionary字典character set字集check mark核对号(√)children’s dictionary儿童词典chronological dictionary序时词典circular definition循环释义circularity循环释义,互训circumflex音调符号,长音符号circumlocution迂回曲折表达法,遁词citation引语,书证,例证citation file引例档案classificatory label分类标注,类别标记clause idiom成语性分句cliché陈词滥调clipped form截短形式clipped word截短词clipping截短法close construction封闭结构closed combination封闭型组合closed corpus封闭式语料库closed-class words封闭性词类code代码codification编码coding代码化cognate同源词cognitive meaning认知意义coherence连贯性co-hyponym共下义词,共同受支配词coinage新造词语coined term新造术语coined word新造词,新创词college dictionary大学词典collegiate dictionary大学词典collocation搭配(关系)collocational information搭配信息collocative meaning搭配意义colloquial language口语colloquial standard口语标准语colloquial word口语词colloquialism口语词colorpedia彩图百科comb effect梳子效应combinatory possibility组合可能性combinatory variant组合变体combining form组合形式commercial dictionary商业词典common core vocabulary基本词汇,共有核心词汇common usage普通用法common word普通词compact dictionary缩印词典compact edition缩印版comparative lexicography比较词典学compilation(词典)编纂compiler编纂者compiler perspective编篡者视角complementaries互补反义词complete antonym完全反义词complete synonym完全同义词complex word复杂词componential analysis成分分析,义素分析composition合词法compound复合词compound word复合词,合成词compounding复合构词法comprehensive dictionary详解词典computational lexicography计算词典学computer lexicography计算机词典学conceptual connection概念联系conceptual dictionary概念词典conceptual meaning概念意义concise dictionary简明词典concordance语词索引confrontationist linguistics对照语言学conjunct连接性副词connotation隐含意义;附加意义;内涵connotative meaning内涵意义connotative style咨询文体content word实义词context语境context definition语境释义法context of situation言语环境,情景语境contextual definition语境释义contextual function语境功能contextual meaning语境意义contextual theory语境理论contract word缩写词contracted form,contraction缩写contradictory term对立性反义词contrast对称词contrastive analysis对比分析contrastive linguistics对比语言学conversion词类转化法conversive换位反义词cooccurrence同现cooccurrence relation同现关系cooccurrence restriction同现限制cooccurrence-range搭配cooccurrent meaning共现意义copying in dictionaries词典抄借copyright版权core group核心词群core sense核心义项core vocabulary核心词汇core word核心词co-reference互见corpus语料库corpus composition语料库的组成corpus correction语料库矫正corpus-orient lexicography语料库技术词典学correction矫正correctness正确性count noun可数名词countable noun可数名词coverage覆盖度creole混合语creolized language混合语cross reference互参,互见,交互参照cross-classification交叉结构cross-reference structure参见结构cryptogram密码cryptology隐语cultivated spoken language有教养的口头语言cultivated usage优雅用法cultural borrowing文化借用cultural context文化环境cultural dictionary文化词典cultural guide文化向导cultural lexicography文化词典学cultural-bound lexical item文化局限词汇项cultural-bound term(word)文化局限词cultural-loaded expression文化含义词cultural-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇culture-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇cuneiform,cuneiform writing楔形文字curtailed word缩短词cyclopedia百科全书cynicism挖苦语dagger剑号(┼)data bank数据库database数据库,资料库databases&audio-visual materials数据库与声像资料data-processing资料加工,数据处理dead affix废弃的词缀,废缀dead conjugation已经不用的词形变化形式dead language死语言dead metaphor死隐语dead word废词deadjective suffix附加于形容词的后缀deadjective verb来自形容词的动词declension(静词)词尾变化decode解码decoding dictionary解码词典decoding function解码功能de-etymologization词源中断definiendum被下定义的词语,被释词目definiens(pl.definientia)下定义用的词语,释义defining dictionary释义词典defining vocabulary(DV)定义用词汇,定义用词汇总表definition释义,定义deflexion词尾消失degeneration of meaning词义的降格deictic field指示范围denominal adjective来自名词的形容词denominal noun来自名词的名词denominal suffix附加于名词的后缀denominal verb来自名词的动词denotation所指意义,字面意义denotational meaning指称意义,所指意义denotative meaning外延意义denotatum(pl.denotata)所指客观对象density of entries词条密度derivation派生词;派生法derivation by zero suffix零位后缀派生法derivational affix派生词缀derivational antonym派生反义词derivational compound派生复合词derivational morpheme派生形素derivational suffix派生后缀derivative派生词derived form源出(<)derived sense派生义项derived stem派生词干deriving form派生形式derogatory贬损的,贬义的description描写descriptive dictionary描写性词典descriptive equivalent描写性对应词descriptive function描写功能descriptive trend描写性倾向descriptivism描写主义descriptor系索词,标志词designate定义,所指内容的组成designation指称意义designative word指称词designatum(pl.designata)所指内容desk dictionary案头词典desktop e-dictionary桌面电子词典desktop electronic-dictionary桌面电子词典deterioration of meaning词义降格,词义贬降determiner限定词deverbal adjective来自于动词的形容词deverbal noun来自于动词的名词deverbal suffix附加于动词的后缀diachronic approach历时角度diachronic dictionary历时词典diacritic变音符,附加符号diacritic sign附加符号diacritical mark变音符,附加符号diacritical marking符号标音法dialect dictionary方言词典dialect lexicography方言词典学dialectism方言词语diction措词dictionary词典,字典dictionary awareness词典意识dictionary criticism词典批评dictionary culture词典文化dictionary family词典家族dictionary for comprehension理解型词典dictionary for production生成型词典dictionary for speakers of the source language源语用户词典dictionary for speakers of the target language目的语用户词典dictionary for translation翻译词典dictionary form词典形式dictionary history词典史dictionary lookup词典查检dictionary maker词典编篡者dictionary making词典编篡dictionary meaning词典意义dictionary of proverbs谚语词典dictionary of the literary language书面语词典dictionary of the spoken language口语词典dictionary proper正文部分dictionary research词典研究dictionary review词典评论dictionary structure词典结构dictionary text词典语篇dictionary typology词典类型学dictionary use词典使用dictionary user词典使用者dictionary with bilingual双解词典dictionary word词典词didactic function教导功能differentia specifica属差differentia(pl.differentiae)种差differential dictionary区别性词典differential linguistics区别语言学diglossia双语现象diglottic level双语现象的变体diminutive指小(词)diminutive suffix指小后缀directories of agencies机构指南disambiguation消除歧义discourse meaning话语意义discrimination辨异,词义辨析disjunct分离性副词distinctive feature区别性特征distributional analysis分布分析法ditransitive verb双宾语动词ditto“同上”号(″)division into syllables分音节DJ丹尼尔▪琼斯标音法domesticated word归化词dominant sense主要意义double brackets双方括号double check双核对号(√)double dagger双剑号(╪)double scale组成一对的同义词double virgules双斜线号(//)doublet同源异体字echoic word拟声词edition版本editor编辑EFL lexicography英语作为外语的学习词典学electronic bilingual dictionary电子双语词典electronic dictionary电子词典electronic lexicography电子词典学elevation of meaning词义的扬升ellipsis省略号(…)ELT lexicography英语教学词典学emotive meaning情感意义emotive overtone感情色彩empirical ordering经验排列enclitic后接词encode编码,组码encoding dictionary编码词典encoding function编码功能encyclopedia百科全书encyclopedia definition百科释义encyclopedic dictionary百科词典encyclopedic entry百科条目encyclopedic matter百科信息English Philological Society英语语文协会entailed meaning蕴含意义entry条目,词条entry pane条目窗entry word词目ephemeral word瞬息新词equivalent对应词equivalent analogue等值的对应体ESL(English as second language)作为第二语言的英语ethnolinguistic bilingual dictionary人类语言学双语词典etymological dictionary词源词典etymology词源(学)euphemism委婉语everyday expression日常用语example,example-sentence例句exclamation mark感叹号exegetic dictionary注释词典exemplification括注法explanatory definition解说式释义explanatory equivanlent解释对等词explanatory gloss解释性说明explicit cross-reference明示互参extended sense引申意义extension外延extension of meaning语义扩大extinct language死语,死亡语extralinguistic context语言外语境familiar style非正式文体family of languages语系field场field theory词场理论field label学科标注figurative meaning比喻意义figurative speech比喻语figurative-metaphorical比喻隐喻的figure of speech修辞格file资料档案files of citation引例档案filler-in填空词fist参见号fixed accent固定重音fixed collocation固定搭配fixed phrase固定短语fixed stress固定重音fixed word-combination固定词组fixed word-order固定词序folk definition通俗释义folk etymology民俗词源,俗词源学folk speech民间语folk usage通俗用法folk-etymological民俗词源的forcing example强迫性例证foreign affix外来词缀foreign learner’s dictionary外国学习者词典foreign word外来词,外语词foreignism外来词语form of address称呼形式form speech正式言语form style正式文体form word形式词format板式,开本formative构词成分formulaic definition程式释义four-letter word四字母语,粗俗词语frame(structure)框架(结构)free combination自由组合free morpheme自由语素free root自由词根free translation意译free variant自由变体free variation自由变异free word order自由词序French quotes法文引号,书名号frequency词频frequency word-book频率词表front and back clipping对词的首部与尾部的缩略front clipping对词的首部的缩略front matter前页部分front matter,front page material前页,前页材料,(正文前的)材料frozen expression定型短语frozen style拘谨文体full homonym实足同形同音异义词full word实词,完全词function word功能词,虚词functional equivalent功能等值functional label功能标注functional language功能语言functional marker功能标记functional typology功能分类法functional varieties功能变体functional word功能词,虚词fuzzy terms模糊词语gazetteer地名索引,地名词典gem dictionary珍宝词典,精选词典general concordance普通词表general dictionary通用词典;普通词典generalization of meaning词的普遍化general-purpose bilingual dictionary综合性双语词典,通用双语词典general-purpose dictionary综合性(语文)词典general-purpose English dictionary综合性英语词典generative dictionary生成词典generic term类属词genus总属genus proximum近种geographical dictionary地理词典geographical entry地理条目geographical sources地理资料ghostword鬼词,别字giving synonyms同义词释义gleaning补遗gloss夹注,注释glossary注释词表,术语汇编glueword连接词gobbledygook官样文章Gothic writing哥特体字,黑体字governed word受支配词governing word支配词government publications政府出版物gradable adjective等级形容词grammar语法grammatical bound meaning受语法限制的意义grammatical coding语法代码grammatical collocation语法搭配grammatical context语法语境grammatical function语法功能grammatical information语法信息grammatical labeling语法代码grammatical marker语法标记grammatical motivation语法理据grammatical pattern语法模式grammatical sequence语法序列grammatically-partial word虚词graphic illustration插图,图解graphic substance形的实体graphic symbol书写符号guide word眉题,向导词habitual collocation习惯性搭配habitual co-occurrence习惯性同现handheld electronic dictionary掌上电子词典haplography掉字,漏写hard word难词head phrase词条headword词目heavy-duty word重负荷词hesitation-form犹豫形式hierarchical structure层级结构hierarchical system层级系统hieroglyphic writing象形文字high word高位词historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical dictionary(按历史原则编写的)历史词典historical lexicography历史词典学historical ordering历史排列historical principle历史性原则historism历史词语homograph同形异义词homography同形异义homonym同音异义词,同形异义词homonymy同音异义,同形异义homophone mark同音号humorous幽默的hybrid混合词hybrid language混杂词hybrid word混合词,杂交词hyperonym总义词hypersemanticized discourse超语义化的说法hyphen连字符;隔音号hyphenated name连号hyphenation断词hyphenation routine连字法规则hypocoristic form爱称形式hypocoristic word爱称词hyponym下义词hyponymy下义关系identifying indication识别性说明ideogram表意文字ideographic symble表意符号ideographic writing表意文字ideography表意文字研究ideographical dictionary概念词典,义类词典ideographical function意识功能idiom习语,成语idiomatic expression习惯性词语idiomatic usage习惯用法idiomatics习语学,成语学illiterate language文盲用语illustration插图,例证illustrative citation例证,引证illustrative example说明性例句;例证illustrative quotation例证imitation binding仿古装帧imitative semantic change语义变化模仿immediate postpositive直接后置形容词implicative method隐含法implicit cross-reference暗示互参impolite word不礼貌用语imposition强加inappropriate不得体的indention缩格index索引index verborum词语出处索引indexation索引检索indexes&abstracts索引与摘要indexing language索引语言infix中缀inflected language屈折语inflection屈折变化inflectional affix屈折词缀inflectional language屈折语inflectional morpheme屈折词素inflectional variant屈折变体inflective language屈折语inflexion屈折变化inflexional ending词尾屈折inflexional language屈折语inflexional series屈折序列inflexional suffix屈折后缀informal style非正式文体informant语言调查合作人information card背景资料卡information category信息范畴information retrieval language情报检索语言informative dictionary知识性词典initial inflexion开首屈折initial part词首部分initialism首字母连写词inkhorn term学究气的用语innovation新造词insertible equivalent可插入对应词instruction manual说明手册instrument language古今语言instrumental case工具格intensifier强调成分interactive dictionary交互词典interface language接口语言interjection感叹词interlingual dictionary语际词典interlingual interference语际障碍interlingual purism语际语言纯正主义International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)国际音标,国际音标注音法internationalism国际词intimate style亲昵语体intralingual purism内部语言纯正主义introspective example自省性例证invented example自造词irregular inflection不规则屈折形式italic斜体字italic bold-face type斜黑体jargon行话KK KK音标koine共通语,共同语language for specific purposes专门用途语言language notes语言说明language transfer语言迁移language typology语言类型学langue语言,语言系统latent word潜在词Latinism拉丁词语learned word文言词learner’s dictionary学生词典lemma词目lemma unit词目单位letter-by-letter arrangement纯字母排列法lexeme词汇单位;词位,词素,词项lexical词汇的,语词的lexical ambiguity词汇歧义;词汇模糊性lexical collocation词汇搭配lexical context词汇语境lexical density词汇密度lexical entry词项,语词条目lexical equivalent词义对应词lexical expression词汇表达方式lexical field词汇场lexical gap词汇空缺lexical grammar词汇语法lexical item词汇单位;词位,词素,词项lexical meaning词汇意义lexical set词群,词集lexical stock词汇总库lexical unit词汇单位lexical word词汇词lexicographer词典学家,词典编篡者lexicographese词典用语lexicographic context词典语境lexicography词典学,词典编篡,词典编篡学lexicology词汇学lexicon词典(尤指古代语言的词典);词库ligature连音符lingua franca混合语,通用语,交际语linguistic context语言语境linguistic dictionary语文词典linguistic matter语言信息linguistic typology硬译分类学linguistics across culture跨文化语言学literal error排字错误,印刷错误literal meaning字面意义literal translation直译,硬译literary书面语literary language文学语言literary standard文学标准语literary word书面词语live suffix活后缀living affix现在通用的词缀living conjugation“活”的(词形)变化living language现用语言,活语言living word现在通用的词汇loan blend借词混成词,借词拼缀词loan shift转用借词loan translation翻译借词,仿译词loan word借词,外来词local dialect地方方言locution措词logical definition逻辑式定义logical ordering逻辑排列logographic lexicon字典logography速记符long vowel长元音lower-case letter小写字母(印刷用语)LSP lexicography专业英语词典学machine-readable dictionary机读词典machine-aided lexicography机助词典学macro-lexicography宏观词典学macron长音符(加在元音上的“-”)macrostructure宏观结构made-up example自造例main word主导词majuscule大写字母makeshift language代用语言malformation构词错误,误构manual手册maps&atlases地图与地图集marginal meaning外延意义mark,marker标记master index总索引meaning意义meaning discrimination词义辨析meaning-oriented principle意义中心原则means of access检索途径measure adjective度量形容词measure noun度量名词mechanical dictionary电脑词典mediostructure中间结构medium dictionary中型词典megastruture整体结构metalanguage元语言metalexicography元词典学metaphor隐喻metaphoric meaning比喻意义,喻义metaplasm词形变异methodology方法论metonymy换喻,转喻microcontext微观语境microglossary微词典microlexicography微观词典学microstructure微观结构middle matter正文部分midline dot分节点mixed language混合语modal verb情态动词mode式momentary event verb瞬间动作动词monolingual dictionary单语词典monolingual lexicography单语词典学monosemic word单义词monosemy单义性moribund language垂死语言morpheme语素morpheme word语素词morphemic arrangement语素顺序排列morphemic dictionary词素词典morphemical mark形态符号morphology词法morphology label词法标注mother tongue negative transfer母语负迁移motional verb动作动词motivated word有理据的词motivation of word词的理据multi-lingual dictionary多语词典multilingual lexicography多语词典学multi-media dictionary多媒体词典multiword lexical unit多单词词位,复词词汇单位narrow Romic严式罗密克音标narrow transcription严式音标,窄式记音法narrowed meaning狭义narrowing词义缩小native affix本族词缀native language本族语native speaker说本族语的人native speaker’s dictionary本族语词典native word本族词natural language自然语言near-synonym近义词negative transfer负迁移neoclassic formation新古典词的构词法neoclassic word新古典词neologism新词nest(ing)派生词群nest-alphabetic method词集字母排列法nil-equivalent零对应词,无对应词noetics义位学nomenclature术语集nominal definition名目定义nonce-word临时词non-designative非指称词non-echoic word非拟声词non-gradable adjective非等级形容词non-historical dictionary非历史词典non-insertible equivalent非插入对应词non-productive无构词能力的non-restrictive collocation非限制性搭配nonstandard非标准(用语)normal dictionary传统词典normative dictionary规范词典normative lexicography规范性词典学notional passive意义上被动notional system概念系统notional word实义词noun名词noun adjunct附加名词noun cluster名词词组noun compound复合名词noun of multitude群体名词noun-drivative派生名词now rare目前少用nuance细微差别numbered clause分节号(§)numeral数词object宾语object language目的语,对象语言obsolescent陈旧的obsolete已废的obsolete affix废缀obsolete word旧词obsoletism已废弃的词语one-phrase definition单一短语释义法one-to-one correspondence一一对应one-to-one equivalent一一对等on-line dictionary在线词典,网络词典onomasiological gap词汇空缺;名称空缺onomasiology定名学onomasticon专名词典onomatopoeic word拟声词open combination开放型组合open corpus开放式语料库open-class words开放性词类opposite meaning对立意义optional variant随意变体oratorical style演说文体ordinal number序数词ordinals序数词orthographic criterion书写标准orthographic syllable拼法音节orthography正字法,拼写法ostensive definition直观定义ostensive definition直观释义法output language输出语outside matter正文外部分overall-descriptive dictionary全面描写词典over-defining过度释义P marker短语标记pagination页码检索paper dictionary纸质词典paradigm(名词、动词等的)词形变化表paragraph分节号(§);段落;段落号(▪)parallel bars平行号(║)parent language母语,源语parentheses圆括号parole言语paronym形似词partial conversion部分词类转化partial equivalent部分对应词partial homonym部分同音同形异义词participle分词particle小品词,语助词parts of speech词类parts-of-speech label词性标注passive dictionary被动型词典,消极词典patois土话pedagogical dictionary教学词典pedagogical lexicography教学词典学pejorative轻蔑词pejorative epithet表贬损的修饰语pejorative suffix贬义后缀perfect antonym完全反义词perfect equivalence完全对等perfect equivalent完全对等词perfect homonym完全同音同形异义词period句号period dictionary断代词典period lexicography断代词典学peripheral kinds of vocabulary边缘性词汇peripheral language外围语periphrastic definition迂回定义peroration of meaning词义的降格personal suffix人称后缀phantom word幻象词phenomenological typology现象分类法philological bilingual dictionary语文学双语词典philological dictionary语文词典philology语文学phoneme音位,音素phonemic notation音标,音位标音法phonemic transcription音位标音phonemic word音位词phonemics音位学,音素学phonetic acronym语音缩写词phonetic alphabet音标,语音字母phonetic change语音演变phonetic convergence音变的汇合phonetic hyphen隔音号(-)phonetic motivation拟声理据phonetic pattern语音模式phonetic spelling表音拼写法phonetic syllable语音音节phonetic symbol音标,音符phonetic transcription注音,标音法phonetic writing拼音文字phoneticism音标拼词法phonographic alphabet表音字母phonology音系学,音位学phrasal verb短语动词phrase短语,词组phrase clipping短语略写phrase idiom惯用短语phrase marker短语标记phraseological dictionary熟语词典phraseological lexicography熟语词典学phraseology熟语,熟语集phrasing措词pictograph象形文字pictographic writing图画文字pictorial arrangement图式顺序排列pictorial dictionary图画词典pictorial illustration插图pidgin混杂语pidgin English洋泾浜英语plurality复数性,多重性plurilingual多语种的plurilingualism多语制pocket dictionary袖珍词典pocket electronic dictionary掌上电子词典poetic word诗歌用语poetical archaic word诗用古词poetry诗体poetism诗体词语polite formulas礼貌套语polylingual多语种的polylingual dictionary多语种对照词典polylingualism多语制polyseme,polysemous word多义词(现象)polysemy多义现象,一词多义polysyllable多音节词polytechnic dictionary科技词典popular etymology俗词源学popular language俗语popular word俗语词portmanteau word紧缩词post-modifier后置修饰语postpositive后置形容词pragmalinguistics语用语言学pragmatic analysis语用分析pragmatic equivalent语用对应词pragmatic failure语用失误pragmatics语用学predeterminer前置限定词predicative表语preface序言prefix前缀prefixation加前缀premodifier前置修饰语prescriptive规范性的prescriptive dictionary规范词典prescriptive grammar规定语法prescriptive lexicography规定性词典学prescriptive trend规定性倾向prescriptivism规定主义present participle现在分词presentational affix表义词缀presentational or tectonic typology表述(或构造)分类法primary accent主重音primary linguistic data第一手语言资料primary meaning本义primitive原始词principal language主体语言print dictionary印刷型词典printing印刷proclitic后接发音词productive activity(说、写等)产出性活动productive affix有派生能力的词缀,派生词缀productive bilingual dictionary能产性双语词典productive dictionary产出型词典productive function产出功能productivity能产性pronominal adjective代词性形容词pronouncing dictionary发音词典pronunciation key发音表prototype原型proverb谚语provincial standard地方标准punctuation mark标点符号punning双关语purism语言纯正主义purrword褒词quadrilingual dictionary四语词典quasi-normative bilingual dictionary准规范化双语词典quasi-synonym准同义词quasi-synoymous word准同义词questionnaire问卷,调查表quotation书证quotation mark引号radiation(词义的)辐射radical词根,部首radical flexion词根屈折radical language词根语radical sense原始义range of application使用范围range of collocation搭配范围rare罕用reading programme阅读项目real definition真实定义realization体现关系Received Pronunciation(RP)标准发音receptive activity接收活动receptive function接收功能receptor language接收语reciprocal dictionary互补词典reciprocal relation相互关系reduced entry减缩词条reduplication重叠reduplicative word重叠词reference参见reference book工具书reference dictionary查考型词典reference matter检索信息reference mark检索符号reference need检索目的reference skill检索技巧reference unit检索单位referent所指事物,词目所指的对象referential definition所指释义referential meaning information所指意义referential pragmatics指代语用学referential symbolism所指符号refinement修饰reflected meaning发射意义regional word地区性词regionalism区域词语register域register label语域标注relational word关系词relative synonym相对同义词,近义词reroute重新查找respelling schemes重拼法respelling system重拼发音符号系统restricted language限制性语言restriction of meaning词义的限制restrictive collocation限制性搭配reverse dictionary逆序词典rheme述位rhyming dictionary音韵词典Roman type正体字root词根root antonym词根反义词root inflexion词根屈折root form词根形式,根式round brackets圆括号runic writing北欧古代文字running head向导词run-on(entry)副词目,内词条sandhi连读变音scholarly dictionary学术词典schoolboy slang学生俚语scientific terminology科技术语search检索,搜索searching window检索窗secondary accent次重音,次重音号secondary compound二次复合词secondary derivative次派生词secondary language第二语言secondary meaning次要意义secondary morpheme-word次语素词secondary phoneme次音位secondary stress次重音segmental dictionary部分语词词典,特种语词词典selection of entries(articles)选条selection of head characters选字selection of headwords选词selection preference选择倾向selection restriction选择限制sell-aware form自觉形式semantic affinity语义一致semantic arrangement语义顺序排列semantic coincidence语义重合semantic component语义成分semantic condensation语义缩合semantic contradiction语义矛盾semantic contrast语义对比semantic criterion语义标准semantic dictionary主题词典semantic divergence词义分化semantic extension语义扩展semantic factor语义因素semantic field语义场semantic function语义功能semantic glosses语义注释semantic inclusion语义包容semantic intersection语义交叉semantic marker语义标记semantic motivation语义理据semantic properties语义特征semantic prototype model语义原型模式semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学sememe义素semi-bilingual半双解semicolon分号semiology,semiotics符号学semi-unabridged dictionary半足本词典sense义项sense discrimination义项区分sense relation义项关系sentence connector连接词sentence idiom成语性句子sentence pattern句型sentence substitute替代词set expression固定词语shades of meaning语义色彩shift sign移位符(加在元音上的符号,如︵,′)short cuts词义速查short vowel短音符shortening缩短法signification词义singularity单数性slang俚语slang dictionary俚语词典slang expression俚语词语slang word俚语词slant斜线号(/)slip资料卡small capital小大写small dictionary小型词典snarl word贬词social dialect社会方言social-situational feature社会情景特征social-cultural meaning社会文化意义sociopragmatic information社会语用信息sociopragmatics社会语用学solecism语法错误solid compound固定复合词sound pattern语音模式sound shift语音演变sound system语音系统sound-variation语音变异source蓝本sources of statistics统计资料speaker-meaning说话人的用意special dictionary专科词典special lexicography专科词典学special pages专题页special-field dictionary专科词典specialized dictionary专门词典specialized meaning专用义specific term/word狭义词specifying gloss规定性注释speech act言语行为speech level label语言层次标注speech mechanism言语机制speech recognition言语识别speech repertoire活用语言库。
探析英汉双解学习型词典中的首字母缩略语收录情况
探析英汉双解学习型词典中的首字母缩略语收录情况杨上摘要首字母缩略语作为缩略语的一个重要组成部分,在一定程度上反映了新事物和新现象出现所带来的社会发展和变化。
英汉双解学习型词典是我国英语学习者必不可少的参考工具,较全面地收录了英语中的高频词汇,但它们对缩略语的收录比例却甚小。
因此,文章旨在对时下四部英汉双解学习型词典的缩略语收录情况进行比较研究,发现这些词典在收录方面的不足之处,以期对今后词典编纂中的缩略语收录起到一定的参考作用。
关键词首字母缩略语收录情况英汉双解学习型词典—、弓[言随着新事物的不断出现,首字母缩略语(acronyms and initialisms,以下简称"缩略语")如雨后春笋,因其形式简便,传达信息迅速而被人们所认可,并逐渐成为固定的表达形式。
根据《韦氏大学英语词典》[Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary(11th Ed.),2003],单词发音缩略语(acronyms)可以追溯到1943年,字母发音缩略语(inilialisms)则早在1899年就已出现。
据CaimondgSg)考证,缩略语词典出现于15世纪,最早的缩略语合集是由库特奈(Courtenay)所收集整理的一本53页的小册子,以及麦格雷戈(Macgregor)的一本篇幅为40页的小册子,二者皆于1855年出版。
作为词典中必不可少的一部分,缩略语现在大多被收录于词典正文之中,而不再像《简明牛津词典》第五版[The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English(5th Ed.),1964]那样被呈现在附录中。
究其原因有二:一是“在过去的几十年里,缩略语的数量激增”(亚历山大2001),已经引起了词典编纂者足够的重视;二是“随着语言的发展变化以及人们交际中节约语言材料的原则在起作用,许多缩略语不断派生新词……如果将首字母缩略语置于附录,而其派生词置于正文,则不利于读者了解词与词之间的构词联系”(黄建华,陈楚祥2001)32o英汉双解学习型词典(以下简称“学习词典”)作为英语学习者重要的常用参考工具之一,一直在为更好地满足用户需求而不断努力创新,使词典用户受益匪浅。
英语缩略语词典
商务英语常用缩略语表a accepted 承兑AA Auditing Administration (中国)审计署AAA最佳等级abs. abstract 摘要a/c, A/C account 帐户、帐目a/c, A/C account current 往来帐户、活期存款帐户A&C addenda and corrigenda 补遗和勘误Acc. acceptance or accepted 承兑Accrd.Int accrued interest 应计利息Acct. account 帐户、帐目Acct. accountant 会计师、会计员Acct. accounting 会计、会计学Acct.No. account number 帐户编号、帐号Acct.Tit. account title 帐户名称、会计科目ACN air consignment 航空托运单a/c no. account number 帐户编号、帐号Acpt. acceptance or accepted 承兑A/CS Pay. accounts payable 应付帐款A/CS Rec. accounts receivable 应收帐款ACT advance corporation tax 预扣公司税ACU Asia Currency Unit 亚洲货币单位A.C.V actual cash value 实际现金价值a.d., a/d after date 开票后、出票后ADRS asset depreciation range system 固定资产分组折旧法Adv. advance 预付款ad.val.,A/V ad valorem to (according value) 从价Agt. agent 代理人Agt. agreement 协议、契约AJE adjusting journal entries 调整分录Amt. amount 金额、总数Ann. annuity 年金A/P account paid 已付账款A/P account payable 应付帐款A/P accounting period 会计期间A/P advise and pay 付款通知A/R account receivable 应收帐款A/R at the rate of 以……比例a/r all risks (保险)全险Arr. arrivals, arrived 到货、到船A/S, a/s after sight 见票即付A/S,acc/s account sales 承销帐、承销清单,售货清单ASAP as soon as possible 尽快ASR acceptance summary report 验收总结报告ass. assessment 估征、征税assimt. assignment 转让、让与A TC average total cost 平均总成本A TM at the money 仅付成本钱A TM Automatic Teller Machine 自动取款机(柜员机)A TS automated trade system 自动交易系统A TS automatic transfer service 自动转移服务Attn. attention 注意Atty. attorney 代理人auct. auction 拍卖Aud. auditor 审计员、审计师A v. average 平均值a.w. all wool 纯羊毛A/W air waybill 空运提单A/W actual weight 实际重量BA bank acceptance 银行承兑汇票bal. balance 余额、差额banky. bankruptcy 破产、倒闭Bat battery 电池b.b. bearer bond 不记名债券B.B., B/B bill book 出纳簿B/B bill bought 买入票据、买入汇票b&b bed & breakfast 住宿费和早餐费b.c. blind copy 密送的副本BC buyer credit 买方信贷B/C bills for collection 托收汇票B.C. bank clearing 银行清算b/d brought down 转下页Bd. bond 债券B/D bills discounted 已贴现票据B/D bank draft 银行汇票b.d.i. both dates inclusive, both days inclusive 包括头尾两天B/E bill of entry 报关单b.e., B/E bill of exchange 汇票BEP breakeven point 保本点、盈亏临界点b/f brought forward 承前BF bonded factory 保税工厂Bfcy. Beneficiary 受益人B/G, b/g bonded goods 保税货物BHC Bank Holding Company 银行控股公司BIS Bank of International Settlements 国际清算银行bit binary digit 两位数Bk. bank 银行Bk. book 帐册b.l., B/L bill of lading 提货单B/L original bill of lading original 提货单正本bldg. building 大厦BMP bank master policy 银行统一保险BN bank note 钞票BO branch office 分支营业处BO buyer's option 买者选择交割期的远期合同BOM beginning of month 月初b.o.m. bill of materials 用料清单BOO build-operate-own 建造-运营-拥有BOOM build-operate-own-maintain 建造-运营-拥有-维护BOOT build-operate-own- transfer 建造-运营-拥有-转让b.o.p. balance of payments 收支差额BOT balance of trade 贸易余额BOY beginning of year 年初b.p., B/P bills payable 应付票据Br. branch 分支机构BR bank rate 银行贴现率b.r., B/R bills receivable 应收票据Brok. broker or brokerage 经纪人或经纪人佣金b.s., BS, B/S balance sheet 资产负债表B/S bill of sales 卖据、出货单B share B share B 股B.T.T. bank telegraphic transfer 银行电汇BV book value 票面价值c. cents 分C cash; coupon; currency 现金、息票、通货C centigrade 摄氏(温度)C. A. chartered accountant; chief accountant 特许会计师、主任(主管)会计师C. A. commercial agent 商业代理、代理商C. A. consumers' association 消费者协会C/A capital account 资本帐户C/A current account 往来帐C/A current assets 流动资产C. A. D cash against documnet 交单付款can. cancelled 注销cap. capital 资本CAPM capital asset pricing model 固定资产计价模式C. A. S. cost accounting standards 成本会计标准c. b., C. B. cash book 现金簿CBD cash before delivery 先付款后交货C. C. cashier's check 银行本票C. C contra credit 贷方对销c/d carried down 过次页、结转下期CD certificate of deposit 存单c/f carry forward 过次页、结转CG capital gain 资本利得CG capital goods 生产资料、资本货物C. H. custom house 海关C. H. clearing house 票据交换所Chgs charges 费用Chq. cheque 支票C/I certificate of insurance 保险凭证CIA certified internal auditor 注册内部审计员c. i. f. , C. I. F. cost, insurance and freight 到岸价,货价+保险+运费C. I. T. comprehensive income tax 综合所得税Ck. check 支票C. L. call loan 短期拆放C / L current liabilities 流动负债C. M. A. certificed management accountant 注册管理会计师CMEA, Comecon Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经济互助委员会CML capital market line 资本市场线性CMO Collateralised Mortgage Obligations 担保抵押贷款债务CMV current market value 现时市场价值CN consignment note 铁路运单CN credit note 贷方通知书c/o carried over 结转后期C. O., C/O cash order 现金汇票、现金订货C. O. certificate of origin 产地证明书Co. company 公司COBOL Common Business Oriented Language 通用商业语言CoCom Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls 多边出口控制协调委员会c. o. d, C. O. D. cash on delivery 货到付款Col. column 帐栏Coll. collateral 担保、抵押物Coll. collection 托收Com.; comm. commission 佣金cont. container 集装箱cont., contr. contract 契约、合同conv., cv., cvt. convertible 可转换的、可兑换的Cor. corpus 本金Cor. correspodent 代理行Corp. corporation 公司CP. commercial paper 商业票据C. P. A certified Public Accountant 注册公共会计师CPB China Patent Bureau 中国专利局CPI consumer price index 消费者价格指数CPM cost per thousand 每一千个为单位的成本CPP current purchasing power 现行购买力Cps. coupons 息票CPT carriage paid to 运费付至......C/R company's risk 企业风险Cr. credit 贷记、贷方CR carrier's risk 承运人风险CR current rate 当日汇率、现行汇率CR cash receipts 现金收入CR class rate 分级运费率CS civil servant; civil service 公务员、文职机关CS convertible securities 可转换证券C. S. capital stock 股本CSI customer satisfaction index 顾客满意指数csk. cask 木桶CT corporate treasurer 公司财务主管CT cable transfer 电汇ct crate 板条箱ctge cartage 货运费、搬运费、车费Cts. cents 分CTT capital transfer tax 资本转移税cu cubic 立方CU customs unions 关税联盟cu. cm. cubic centimeter 立方厘米cu. in. cubic inch 立方英寸cu. m. cubic meter 立方米cu. yd. cubic yard 立方码cum. pref. cumulative preference (share) 累积优先(股)cur. curr. current 本月、当月CV convertible security 可转换债券CVD countervailing duties 抵消关税、反倾销税C.V. P. analysis Cost V olume Profit analysis 本---量---利分析C. W. O. cash with order 订货付款Cy. currency 货币CY calendar year 日历年CY container 整装货柜CY container yard 货柜堆场、货柜集散场D degree; draft 度、汇票D/A deposit account 存款帐户D/A document against acceptance 承兑交单d/a days after acceptance 承兑后......日(付款)D. A. debit advice 欠款报单D. B day book 日记帐、流水帐DB method declining balance (depreciation) method 递减余额折旧法D. C. F. method discounted cash flow method 现金流量贴现法D/D documentary draft 跟单汇票D. D.; D/D demand draft 即期汇票D/d; d/d days after date 出票后......日(付款)d. d. dry dock 干船坞DDB method double declining balance (depreciation) method 双倍递减余额折旧法D. D. D deadline delivery date 交易最后日期def. deficit 赤字、亏损dem. demurrage 滞期费Depr. depreciation 折旧d. f; D. F.; d. frt. dead freight 空舱费D. G dangerous goods 危险货物diff. difference 差额Dis. discount 折扣、贴现dish'd; dishd dishonored 不名誉、拒付D. I. T double income-tax(relief) 双重所得税(免征)div.; divd dividend 红利、股息D-J Dow Jones & Co. 美国道-琼斯公司DJIA Dow Jones Industrial A verage (Stock Index) 道-琼斯工业股票指数DJTA Dow Jones Transportation A verage 道-琼斯运输平均数DJUA Dow Jones Utility A verage 道-琼斯公用事业平均数DK Don't know 不知道DL direct loan 直接贷款DL discretionary limit 无条件限制DLD deadline date 最后时限Dls. ; Dol(s); Doll(s) dollars 元DM Deutsche Mark; D-mark; Deutschmark; 德国马克DMCs developing member countries 发展中国家DN date number 日期号DN; D/N debit note 借记通知单DNR do not reduce 不减少do.; dto. ditto 同上、同前D/O delivery order 发货单Doc(s) documents 凭证、单据、文件doc. att. documents attached 附单据、附件Doc. code document code 凭证(单据)编号D. O. G. days of grace 宽限日数DOR date of request 要求日DP; D/P document against payment 交单付款DPI disposable personal income 个人可支配收入DPOB date and place of birth 出生时间和地点DPP damp proofing 防潮的Dr. debit 借记、借方D. R.; DR discount rate 贴现率、折扣率Dr debtor 债务人DR deposit receipt 存单、存款收据dr. drawer 借方DS; d/s days after sight(days' sight) 见票后.......日(付款)ds.; d's days 日dstn. destination 日的地(港)DTC Deposit taking company 接受存款公司DTC Deposit Trust Company 储蓄信托公司dup.; dupl.; dupte. duplicate 副本DVP delivery versus payment 付款交货dy.; d/y day; delivery 日、交货dz dozen 一打E. exchange; export 交易所、输出E. & O. E. errors and omissions excepted 如有错漏,可加更正e.a.o.n. except as otherwise noted 除非另有说明EA T earnings after tax 税后收益EB ex budgetary 预算外EBIT earnings before interest and tax 扣除利息和税金前收益EBS Electronic Broking Service 电子经纪服务系统EBT earning before taxation 税前盈利EC European Community; European Commission 欧洲共同体、欧洲委员会EC export credit 出口信贷EC error corrected 错误更正Ec. exempli causa 例如Ec. ex coupon 无息票ECA export credit agency 出口信贷机构ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East 亚洲及远东经济委员会ECE Economic Commission for Europe 欧洲经济委员会ECG Export Credit Guarantee 出口信用担保ECI export credit insurance 出口信用保险ECR export credit refinancing 出口信贷再融资ECT estimated completion time 估计竣工时间ECU European Currency Unit 欧洲货币单位E/D export declaration 出口申报单ED ex dividend 无红利、除息、股利除外EDD estimated delivery date 预计交割日EDI electronic data interchange 电子数据交换EDOC effective date of change 有效更改日期EDP Electronic Data Processing 电子数据自理E. E.; e.e errors excepted 如有错误,可加更正EERI Effective Exchange Rate Indexes of Hong Kong 港汇指数EET East European Time 东欧时间EF export finance 出口融资EF Exchange Fund 外汇基金EFT electronic funds transfer 电子资金转帐EFTA European Free Trade Area (Association) 欧洲自由贸易区(协会)EGM Extraordinary Genaral Meeting 特别股东大会EIB Export-Import Bank 进出口银行EIL WB Economic Integration Loan 世界银行经济一体化贷款EL export license 出口许可证ELI extra low impurity 极少杂质EMF European Monetary Fund 欧洲货币基金EMIP equivalent mean investment period 等值平均投资期EMP end-of month payment 月末付款EMP European main ports 欧洲主要港口EMS European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系EMS express mail service 邮政特快专递EMU European Monetary Union 欧洲货币联盟enc enclosed 停业encl(s). enclosure 附件encd. enclosed 附件End. ; end. endorsement 背书Entd. entered 登记人EOA effective on or about 大约在.......生效EOD every other day 每隔一日EOE European Options Exchange 欧洲期权交易EOM end of month 月底EOQ economic order quantity 最底订货量EOS end of season 季末EOU export-oriented unit 出口型单位EOY end of year 年终EPD earliest possible date 最早可能日期EPN export promissory note 出口汇票EPOS electronic point of sale 电子销售点EPR earnings price ratio 收益价格比率EPR effective protection rate 有效保护率EPS earnings per share 每股收益额、每股盈利额E. P. T excess profit tax 超额利润税EPVI excess present value index 超现值指数EPZ export processing zone 出口加工区ERM exchange rate mechanism 汇率机制ERS Export Refinance Scheme 出口再融资计划ESOP Employee Stock Ownership Plan 职工持股计划Est. estate 财产、遗产EST Eastern Standard Time 美国东部标准时间et seq. et sequents 以下ETA estimated time of arrival 预计到达时间ETD estimated tiem of departure 预计出发时间ETDZ Economic and Technological Development Zone 经济技术开发区ETLT equal to or less than 等于或少于ETS estimated time of sailing 预计启航时间EU European Union 欧盟EUA European Units of Account 欧洲记帐单位ex.; exch exchange 汇兑、况换excl. exclusive 另外、不在内ex cont. from contract 从合同ex cp. ex coupon 无息票ex div. ex dividend 无股息Exp. export 出口Extd. extend 展期EXW ex works 工厂交货价f feet 英尺F dealt in flat 无息交易的f. following (page) 接下页f. fairs 定期集市F. A. face amount 票面金额F. A. fixed assets 固定资产F. A freight agent 货运代理行FA free alongside 启运港船边交货FABB Fellow of the British Association of Accountants and Auditors 英国会计师和审计师协会会员FAC facility 设施、设备f.a.c. fast as can 尽快FACT factor analysis chart technique 因素分析图解法fad. free delivery (discharge, dispatch) 免费送货F. A. F. free at factory 工厂交货FAIA Fellow of the Association of International Accountants 国际会计协会会员F. A. Q fair average quality (货品)中等平均质量F. A. S. free alongside ship 发运地船边交货价FASB Financial Accounting Standards Boards 财务会计标准委员会FA T fixed asset transfer 固定资产转移FA T factory acceptance test 工厂验收试验FB foreign bank 外国银行F. B. E. foreign bill of exchange 外国汇票F. C. fixed capital 固定资本F. C. fixed charges 固定费用F. C. future contract 远期合同fc. franc 法郎FCA Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants 特许会计师学会会员FCG foreign currency guarantee 外币担保FCL full container load 整货柜装载FCL/LCL full container load/less (than)full container load 整装/分卸FCR forwarder's cargo receipt 货运代理行收据FCT forwarding agent's certificate of transport 货运代理行领货证fd. fund 资金FDB method fixed rate on declining balance method 定率递减余额折旧法FDI foreign direct investment 外商直接投资FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 联邦储蓄保险公司FE foreign exchange 外汇FE future exchange 远期外汇FF French franc 法国法郎fib free into barge 驳船上的交货价FIBC financial institution buyer credit policy 金融机构买方信贷险FIFO first in, first out 先进先出法fin. stadg.(stndg.) financial standing 资信状况fin. stat. (F/S) financial statement 财务报表fin.yr. financial year 财政年度FINA following items not available 以下项目不可获得FIO free in and out 自由进出F. I. T free of income tax 免交所得税fl. florin 盾FLG finance lease guarantee 金融租赁担保flt. flat 无利息FMV fair market value 合理市价FO free out 包括卸货费在内的运费fo. folio 对折、页码FOB free on board (启运港)船上交货、离岸价格FOB airport FOB airport (启运)机场交货(价)FOBST free on board stowed and trimming 包括清理及平仓的离岸价格F.O.C. free of charge 免费FOCUS Financial and Operations Combined Uniform Single Report 财务经营综合报告FOK fill or kill 要么买进或卖出,要么取消FOR free on rail (or road) 铁路或(公路)上交货价for'd., fwd forward; forwarded 转递FOREX foreign exchange 外汇FOS free on steamer 蒸汽船上交货(价)FOUO for official use only 仅用于公事FOW, f. o. w. free on wagon (启运站)火车上交货(价)FOX Futures and Options Exchange 期货和期权交易所FP floating policy 浮动政策FP fully paid 已全付的FRA forward rate agreement 远期利率协议FRCD floating rate certificate of deposit 浮动利率存单frt., frgt. forward 期货、远期合约free case no charge for case 免费事例FREF fixed rate export finance 固定利率出口融资frt. & grat. freight and gratuity 运费及酬金Frt. fwd freight forward 运费待付Frt. ppd freight prepaid 运费已付FS final settlement 最后结算FSR feasibility study report 可行性研究报告FTW free trade wharf 码头交易FTZ free trade zone 自由贸易区fut. futures 期货、将来FV face value 面值FV A fair value accounting 合理价值法FWD forward (exchange) contract 远期合约F.X. foreign exchange 外汇FX broker foreign exchange broker 外汇经纪人fxd fixed 固定的FXRN fixed rate note 定息票据FY fiscal year (financial year) 财政(务)年度fy. pd. fully paid 全部付讫FYI for your information 供您参考g gallon; grain; gram (s); gold 加仑;格令;克; 金G. A. general agent 总代理商、总代理人GA go ahead 办理、可行GAAP general Accepted Accounting Principles 通用会计准则GAAS Generally Accepted Auditing Standard 通用审计标准GAC General Administration of Customs 海关总署gal., gall gallon 加仑gas. gasoline 汽油GA TT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税及贸易总协定GCL government concessional loan 政府优惠贷款GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值gds. goods 商品、货物GJ general journal 普通日记帐GL general ledger 总分类帐gm. gram(s) 克GMP graduated payment mortgage 递增付款按揭GND gross national demand 国民总需求GNE gross national expeditures 国民支出总额GNP gross national product 国民生产总值GOFO gold forward rate 黄金远期利率GP gross profit 毛利GPP general purchasing power 总购买能力gr. (grs.) wt. gross weight 毛重GR gross revenue 毛收入GS gross sales 销售总额GSP generalised system of preferences 普惠制GTM good this month 本月有效GTW good this week 本星期有效HAB house air bill 航空托运单HA WB house air waybill 航空托运单HCA historical cost accounting 历史成本会计hdqrs. headquarters 总部hg. hectogram 一百公克HIBOR Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate 香港银行同业拆借利率hifo highest-in, first-out 高入先出法H. in D. C. holder in due course 正当持票人Hi-Q high quality 高质量HIRCS high interest rate currencies 高利率货币hi-tech high technology 高技术HKD Hong Kong dollar 香港元HKI Hong Kong Index 香港指数hl. hectoliter 百升hldg. holding 控股Hon'd honored 如期支付的HSCPI Hang Seng Consumer Price Index 恒生消费价格指数HSI Hang Seng Index 恒生指数hwevr. however 无论如何Hz hertz 赫兹I. A. intangible assets 无形资产I & A inventory and allocations 库存和分配IAS International Accounting Standard 国际会计标准IB investment banking 投资银行(业)I. B. invoice book 发票簿IBA International Bank Association 国际银行家协会IBBR interbank bid rate 银行间报价利率I. B. I invoice book inward 购货发票簿IBNR incurred but not reported 已发生未报告I. B. O. invoice book outward 销货发票簿IBOR inter-bank offered rate 银行间的拆借利率ICB international competitive bidding 国际竞标ICIA International Credit Insurance Association 国际信用保险协会ICJ International Court of Justice 国际法庭ICM international capital market 国际资本市场ICONs index currency option notes 指数货币期权票据ICOR incremental capital-output ratio 资本-产出增量比I. C. U. International Code Used 国际使用的电码IDB industrial development bond 工业发展债券IDB Inter-American Development Bank 泛美开发银行IDB inter-dealer broker 交易商之间经纪人IDC intangible development cost 无形开发成本IDR international depositary receipt 国际寄存单据IE indirect export 间接出口I. F. insufficient fund 存款不足IFB invitation for bids 招标邀请I. G. imperial gallon 英制加仑IL, I/L import licence 进口许可证ILC irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织imp. import 进口,输入Inc. incorporated 注册(有限)公司incl. inclusive 包括在内incldd. included 已包含在内incldg. including 包含inl. haul inland haulage 内陆运输费用INLO in lieu of 代替Ins, ins. insurance 保险inst. instant 即期、分期付款Instal., instal. installment 分期付款Int., int. interest 利息inv., Inv. invoice 发票、付款通知in trans (I. T.) in transit. 在(运输)途中inv.doc./attach. invoice with document attached 附提货单的发票Inv't., invt. inventory 存货I-O input-output 输入--输出IOU I owe you 借据IOV inter-office voucher 内部传票IPN industrial promissory note 工业汇票IPO initial public offering 首次发售股票IQ import quota 进口配额IR Inland Revenue 国内税收I. R. inward remittance 汇入款项IRA individual retirement account 个人退休金帐户IRA interest rate agreement 利率协议IRR interest rate risk 利率风险IRR internal rate of return 内部收益率irred. irredeemable 不可赎回的IRS interest rate swap 利率调期IS International System 公制度量衡ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification 国际标准产业分类IT information technology 信息技术IT international tolerance 国际允许误差I/T income tax 所得税ITC investment tax credit 投资税收抵免ITO International Trade Organization 国际贸易组织ITS intermarket trading system 跨市场交易系统IV investment value 投资价值J., Jour. journal 日记帐J. A. (J/A) joint account 联合(共管)帐簿J. D. B. journal day-book 分类日记帐J/F, j/f journal folio 日记帐页数J. V. joint venture 合资经营企业J. V. journal voucher 分录凭单JVC joint venture company 合资公司K. D. knocked down 拆散K. D. knocked down price 成交价格kg kilogram 千克kilom. kilometer 千米kv kilovolt 千伏kw kilowatt 千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour 千瓦小时L listed (securities) (证券)上市L., (Led.) ledger 分类帐L. lira 里拉L. liter 公升L. A. (L/A) letter of authority 授权书L. A. liquid assets 流动资产L. B. letter book 书信备查簿LB licensed bank 许可银行lb pound 磅LC (L/C) letter of credit 信用证LCL/FCL less than container load/full container load 拼装/整拆LCL/LCL less than container load/less than container load 拼装/拼拆L.& D. loans and discounts 放款及贴现L&D loss and damage 损失和损坏ldg. loading 装(卸)货L/F ledger folio 分类帐页数LG letter of guarantee 保函Li. liability 负债LI letter of interest (intent) 意向书lifo (LIFO) last in, first out 后进先出法L. I. P. (LIP) life insurance policy 人寿保险单LIRCs low interest rate currencies 低利率货币L/M list of materials 材料清单LMT local mean time 当地标准时间LRP limited recourse project 有限追索项目LRPF limited recourse project financing 有限追索项目融资l. s. lump sum 一次付款总额l. s. t. local standard time 当地标准时间LT long term 长期Ltd. limited 有限(公司)m million 百万M matured bond 到期的债券M mega- 百万M milli- 千分之一m. meter, mile 米、英里M&A merger & acquisition 兼并收购MA my account 本人帐户Mat. maturity 到期日Max., max maximum 最大量M. B. memorandum book 备忘录MBB mortgage-backed bonds 抵押支持的债券MBO management by objectives 目标管理M/C marginal credit 信贷限额m/c metallic currency 金属货币MCA mutual currency account 共同货币帐户MCP mixed credit program 混合信贷计划M/d months after deposit 出票后......月M. D. maturity date 到期日M. D. (M/D) memorandum of deposit 存款(放)单M. D. malic ious damage 恶意损坏mdse. merchandise 商品MEI marginal efficiency of investment 投资的边际效率mem. memorandum 备忘录MERM multilateral exchange rate model 多边汇率模型M. F. mutual funds 共同基金MF mezzanine financ ing 过渡融资mfg. manufacturing 制造的MFN most favoured nations 最惠国mfrs. manufacturers 制造商mg milligram 毫克M/I marine insurance 海险micro one millionth part 百万分之一min minimum 最低值、最小量MIP monthly investment plan 月度投资计划Mk mark 马克mks. marks 商标mkt. market 市场MLR minimum lending rate 最低贷款利率MLTG medium-and-long-term guarantee 中长期担保M. M. money market 货币市场mm millimeter 毫米MMDA money market deposit account 货币市场存款帐户MMI major market index 主要市场指数MNC multinational corporation 跨(多)国公司MNE multinational enterprise 跨国公司MO (M. O.) money order 汇票mo. month 月MOS management operating system 经营管理制度Mos. months 月MP market price 市价M/P months after payment 付款后......月MPC marginal propensity to consume 边际消费倾向Mrge.(mtg. ) mortgage 抵押MRJ materials requisition journal 领料日记帐MRO maintenance, repair and operation 维护、修理及操作MRP manufacturer's recommended price 厂商推荐价格MRP material requirement planning 原料需求计划MRP monthly report of progress 进度月报MRR maintenance, repair and replace 维护、修理和替换M/s months of sight 见票后.......月msg message 留言MT medium term 中期M/T mail transfer 信汇mthly monthly 每月MTI medium-term insurance 中期保险MTN medium-term note 中期票据MTU metric unit 米制单位n. net 净值N. A. net assets 净资产n. a not available 暂缺N. A. non-acceptance 不承兑NA not applicable 不可行N. B. nota bene 注意NC no charge 免费N/C net capital 净资本n. d. no date 无日期N. D. net debt 净债务n. d. non-delivery 未能到达ND next day delivery 第二天交割NDA net domestic asset 国内资产净值N.E. net earnings 净收益n. e. no effects 无效n. e. not enough 不足negb. negotiable 可转让的、可流通的Neg. Inst., N. I. negotiable instruments 流通票据nego. negotiate 谈判N. E. S. not elsewhere specified 未另作说明net. p. net proceeds 净收入N/F no fund 无存款NFD no fixed date 无固定日期NFS not for sale 非卖品N. G. net gain 纯收益NH not held 不追索委托N. I. net income 净收益N. I. net interest 净利息NIA T net income after tax 税后净收益NIFO next in, first out 次进先出法nil nothing 无NIM net interest margin 净息差NIT negative income tax 负所得税N. L. net loss 净损失NL no load 无佣金n. m. nautical mile 海里NM no marks 无标记N. N. no name 无签名NNP net national product 国民生产净值NO. (no.) number 编号、号数no a/c no account 无此帐户NOP net open position 净开头寸NOW a/c negotiable order of withdrawal 可转让存单帐户N/P net profit 净利NP no protest 免作拒付证书N. P. notes payable 应付票据NPC nominal protection coefficient 名义保护系数NPL non-performing loan 不良贷款NPV method net present value method 净现值法N. Q. A. net quick assets 速动资产净额NQB no qualified bidders 无合格投标人NR no rated (信用)未分等级N/R no responsibility 无责任N. R. notes receivable 应收票据N. S. F. (NSF) no sufficient fund 存款不足NSF check no sufficient fund check 存款不足支票nt. wt. net weight 净重NTA net tangible assets 有形资产净值NTBs non-tariffs barriers 非关税壁垒ntl no time lost 立即NTS not to scale 不按比例NU name unknown 无名N. W. net worth 净值NWC net working capital 净流动资本NX not exceeding 不超过N. Y. net yield 净收益NZ$ New Zealand dollar 新西兰元o order 订单o. (O.) offer 发盘、报价OA open account 赊帐、往来帐o/a on account of 记入......帐户o. a. overall 全面的、综合的OAAS operational accounting and analysis system 经营会计分析制OB other budgetary 其他预算O. B. ordinary business 普通业务O. B. (O/B) order book 订货簿OB/OS index overbought/oversold index 超买超卖指数OBV on-balance volume 持平数量法o. c. over charge 收费过多OC open cover 预约保险o/d, o. d.,(O. D.) overdrawn 透支OD overdraft 透支O/d on demand 见票即付O. E. (o. e. ) omission excepted 遗漏除外O. F. ocean freight 海运费OFC open for cover 预约保险O. G. ordinary goods 中等品O. G. L. Open General License 不限额进口许可证OI original issue 原始发行OII overseas investment insurance 海外投资保险ok. all correct 全部正确o. m. s. output per manshift 每人每班产量O. P. old price 原价格O. P. open policy 不定额保险单opp opposite 对方opt. optional 可选择的ord. ordinary 普通的OS out of stock 无现货O/s outstanding 未清偿、未收回的O. T. overtime 加班OTC over-the -counter market 市场外交易市场OV A overhead variance analysis 间接费用差异分析OW offer wanted 寻购启示OWE optimum working efficiency 最佳工作效率oz ounce(s) 盎司ozws. otherwise 否则p penny; pence; per 便士;便士;每P paid this year 该年(红利)已付p. pint 品托(1/8加仑)P.A. particular average; power of attorney 单独海损;委托书P.A. personal account; private account 个人账户、私人账户p.a., per ann. per annum 每年P&A professional and administrative 职业的和管理的P&I clause protection and indemnity clause 保障与赔偿条款P&L profit and loss 盈亏,损益P/A payment of arrival 货到付款P/C price catalog; price current 价格目录;现行价格P/E price/earning 市盈率P/H pier-to-house 从码头到仓库P/N promissory note 期票,本票P/P posted price (股票等)的牌价PAC put and call 卖出和买入期权pat. patent 专利PA YE pay as you earn 所得税预扣法PA YE pay as you enter 进入时支付PBT profit before taxation 税前利润pc piece; prices 片,块;价格pcl. parcel 包裹pd paid 已付per pro. per procurationem (拉丁)由...代理PF project finance 项目融资PFD preferred stock 优先股pk peck 配克(1/4蒲式耳)PMO postal money order 邮政汇票P.O.C. port of call 寄航港,停靠地P.O.D. place of delivery 交货地点P.O.D. port of destination; port of discharge 目的港;卸货港P.O.R. payable on receipt 货到付款P.P. payback period (投资的)回收期P.P.I. policy proof of interest 凭保证单证明的保险利益POE port of entry 报关港口POP advertising point-of-purchase advertising 购物点广告POR pay on return 收益PR payment received 付款收讫PS postscript 又及PV par value; present value 面值;现值q. quarto 四开,四开本Q. quantity 数量QB qualified buyers 合格的购买者QC quality control 质量控制QI quarterly index 季度指数qr. quarter 四分之一,一刻钟QT questioned trade 有问题交易QTIB Qualified Terminal Interest Property Trust 附带可终止权益的财产信托quad. quadruplicate 一式四份中的一份quotn. quotation 报价q.v. quod vide (which see) 参阅q.y. query 查核R option not traded 没有进行交易的期权R. response; registered; return 答复;已注册;收益r. rate; rupee; ruble 比率;卢比;卢布RAD research and development 研究和开发RAM diverse annuity mortgage 逆向年金抵押RAN revenue anticipation note 收入预期债券R&A rail and air 铁路及航空运输R&D research and development 研究与开发R&T rail and truck 铁路及卡车运输R&W rail and water 铁路及水路运输R/A refer to acceptor 洽询(汇票)承兑人R/D refer to drawer (银行)洽询出票人RB regular budget 经常预算RCA relative comparative advantage 相对比较优势RCMM registered competitive market maker 注册的竞争市场自营商rcvd. received 已收到r.d. running days=consecutive days 连续日RDTC registered deposit taking company 注册接受存款公司Re. subject 主题re. with reference to 关于RECEIVED B/L received for shipment bill of lading 待装云提单REER real effective exchange rate 实效汇率ref. referee; reference; refer(red) 仲裁者;裁判;参考;呈递REO real estate owned 拥有的不动产REP import replacement 进口替代REP Office representative office 代办处,代表处REPO, repu, RP Repurchase Agreement 再回购协议req. requisition 要货单,请求REVOLVER revolving letter of credit 循环信用证REWR read and write 读和写RIEs recognized investment exchanges 认可的投资交易(所)Rl roll 卷RLB restricted license bank 有限制牌照银行RM remittance 汇款rm room 房间RMB RENMINBI 人民币,中国货币RMS Royal Mail Steamer 皇家邮轮RMSD Royal Mail Special Delivery 皇家邮政专递。
英汉汽车缩略语词典
AAAA(a) AA(a) AAA(a) AAAAAAAAAAAa3AAA AA A/A A/A AAAAAC AAC AAC AAC AAC AACAAD AAD AAD AccelerationAccountactadvanceafterwardsaltitudeammeterampereamplifieramplitudeanaloganodeantennaAprilareaargentasbestosattributeauxiliaryavailableFA——factory automationOA——office automationHA——home automationArtificial antennaAuto-alarmAnalysis of accountsAny acceptableAmerican Automobile AssociationAcoustical absorption coefficientActive air control (valve)Atomic absorption coefficientAutomat and automatic controlAutomatic amplitude controlAuxiliary air control(valve)Anti-atomic defenseAtomic absorption detectorAuxiliary air device加速度账,账目,账户,原因,理由,叙述,计算法令,条例提前(角)后来,以后高度,拔海高度安培计安培放大器,扩大器振幅,幅度模拟阳极天线四月面积,区域,范围银(的),银白色的石棉属性,特性辅助的可用的,合用的,可得到的,通用的,有效的工厂自动化办公室自动化家庭自动化仿真天线自动报警计算分析任何可接受的美国汽车协会吸声系数主动空气控制(阀)原子吸收系数自动装置及自动控制自动振幅控制辅助空气控制(阀)空气怠速控制(阀)原子防护原子吸收检测器辅助空气装置ADDC AADIS AADT AADV AAG AAPAAP AAPS AAR AAS AAS AAS AAS AASS AASS AA TAA V AA VabABABABABABABABAB ABBR (Abbrev) ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC ABCC ABCD ABCM ABCV abd ABD All-application digital computerAt a discountAverage annual daily trafficAverage annual daily volumeAuto-active gearboxAmbient absolute pressureAuxiliary accelerating pumpAdvanced automotive power systemsAgainst all risksAdvanced antennar systemsAir adjust screwAlerting automatic telling statusAutomatic adjusting suspensionAdvanced airborne surveillance sensorAdvanced acoustic search sensorAccelerated ageing testAnti-afterburn valveAuxiliary air valveaboutabsoluteaccumulator and bufferaddress busadvisory boardair bagair bleedantenna beamaudio bandwidthabbreviationactive body controlafter bottom centerair blast cooledautomatic bandwidth controlautomatic bias compensation(control)automatic binary computerautomatic brake controlautomatic brightness controlautomatic brightness contrast controlair bag collapsible dashanti-lock brake control moduleair bleed control valveabandonedautomatic brake differential全能数字计算机打折扣年平均日交通流量年平均日产量自适应式程控变速器周围介质绝对压力,外界绝对压力辅助加速泵高级(先进)的汽车动力系统承保一切险高级(先进)天线系统(怠速)空气调节螺栓(钉)自动报警系统自动调整悬架(挂)高级机载监视传感器高级声波搜索传感器加速老化试验防(熄火后)继燃阀辅助空气阀在……附近,关于,对于,近于绝对累加器与缓冲器地址总线咨询委员会气囊放气天线射束声频带宽缩字,缩(略)语汽车防测翻系统(车身主动控制系统)在下止点后风冷,鼓风冷却的自动带宽控制自动偏压补偿(控制)自动二进制计算机自动制动控制亮度自动控制亮度对比(反差)自动调整装有安全气囊的(驾驶室)前壁(围)防抱死制动控制模块放气控制阀报废的自动差速制动装置,机械式限滑差速器ABDABDCABDLABEABFABGABLABN(ABNL, ABNML) ABNABPABRABRABRSABRSV RESABSABSABSABSABSABSABSABSABS-2ABS-2EABS-2SABS-VIABS-2UABSCMABS/ASC+TABS/ASRABS-CPUABS/ETSABS/PVSABSNTABSORBABS/TRAC aboardAfter bottom dead centerAutomatic binary data linkAir inlet blower and evaporator assemblyAudio bandpass filterAlcohol blended gasolineAutomatic brightness limiterabnormalairborne noiseair brake proportioning(balves)abridgeacrylonitrile butadiene rubberair bag restraint systemabrasive resistantabsolute (value)absolute(function)absorberabstractacrylonitrile-butadience-styreneair break switchanti-lock brake systemanti-skid brake systemanti-lock brake system-2anti-lock brake system-2Eanti-lock brake system-2Santi-lock brake system-VI(Bosch)anti-lock brake systemABS control moduleAnti-lock brake system/automatic stabilityControl +Tanti-lock brake system/acceleration slipregulationanti-lock brake system-central processing unitanti-lock brake system/electronic tractionsystemABS/vinyl(soft)absentabsorbability(absorption)ABS/traction control system在车上,上车在下止点后自动二进制数据传输(通信)线路进气增压器及蒸发器总成音频带通滤波器掺酒精的汽油自动亮度限制电路反常的,变态的,不正常的空气传播的噪声空气制支比例分配(阀)摘要,删节,节略丙烯腈丁二烯橡胶(汽车)安全气囊式乘员保护系统耐磨损的绝对值绝对(函数)减振器提要,简介,摘要,文摘丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS工程塑料)空气断路开关防抱死制动系统防滑(行)制动系统(分离元件数字式电子控制的)防抱死制动系统经济型防抱死制动系统(大规模集成电路电子控制的)三通道四轮防抱死制动系统(Delco德乐科公司)四轮防抱死制动系统波许四通道防抱死制动系统防抱死制动系统控制模块防抱死制动系统/驱动车轮制动的驱动防滑转(稳定性)自动控制系统防抱死制动系统/加速防滑转调节(控制系统防抱死制动系统-(微处理机)中央处理器(装置)防抱死制动系统/电子拖曳(牵引)系统防抱死制动系统/乙烯树脂(软塑料)不在,缺席可吸收性(吸收)防抱死制动系统/牵引力控制系统ABSSTAABSTABSVA-BUSABVABVABVACACACACA/C(ACC,ACCT)ACACACACACA/C(AIR CON)ACACACA/CA.C.A.C.ammeter A.C.generatorACA.C.ACACA.C.motorACAACAACADACA VAC-PDPACB Abstract statementabstractair-bypass solenoid valveautomotive bit-serial universal interfacesystemaboveair bypass valveanti-backfire valveabsolute ceilingaccess controlaccess controlleracceptance numberaccountaccount controlaccount currentacidadaptive controlair compressorair condition(er)air condenserair coolingair cyclingaltered course to……alternating currentalternating current ammeteralternating current generatoranalogue computerAnte ChristumAutomatic clutchAutomatic controlAlternating current motorAlternating current arcAlternating circuit analyzeracademicautomatic circuit analyzer and verifieralternating current-plasma display panelair circuit breaker(丰田)摘要说明书文摘,摘要空气旁通电磁阀汽车二进制-(十进制)串行通用界面(接口)系统在上面,高于,上述,胜于,以上,超过旁通空气阀防回火阀绝对上限通路控制,存取控制通路控制器,存取控制器合格判定值(抽验时样品不合格数的最大允许值)账目,帐户,叙述,原因,理由,重要性,计算计数控制,计算控制往来帐目,业务月报,会计月报表酸自适应控制空气压缩机空调器空气冷凝(电容)器空冷,气冷,风冷空气循环改变行驶(航向)至交流电交流安培计交流发电机模拟计算机公元前(拉丁文)自动离合器自动控制交流电动机交流电弧自动电路分析器研究院的,高等专科院校的,学会的,学术的自动电路分析器及检验器交流放电型等离子显示板空气断路器ACBACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACCACC D ACCEL ACCEL ACCESS ACCESSAcid ACCLRM ACC/O ACCOM ACCS ACCT ACCTG ACCT CUR ACCT GEN ACCT NO ACCUM ACCUR ACCVV ACCVW ACCYA/C GND ACDACDACD Automatic circuit breakeraccelerationacceleratoraccessaccessory(accessory)according toaccountaccumulating registeradaptive cruise control(system)air conditioning clutchA/C clutch compressorActivated carbon canisterAudio control centreAutomatic chroma control(circuit)Automatic chrominance controlAutomatic climate controlAutomatic color controlAutomatic combustion controlThrottle position switch circuitaccelerateacceleratoraccessoryautomatic computer controlled electronicscanning systemaccidentaccelerometeraccount to….accommodateaccountantaccountingaccount currentaccountant generalaccount numberaccumulate(tor)accurateair conditioning solenoid vacuum valveAC continuous waveaccessoryair conditioning clutch groundaccordadvanced concept dieselA/C demand switch电路自动断路器加速度加速器,加速踏板存取,取数,通路,进入(出)附件按照,根据帐目,帐户,叙述,原因,理由,重要性,计算累加寄存器自适应巡航控制系统空调离合器空调压缩机离合器活性碳罐音响(声)控制中心自动色饱和度控制(电路)自动色度调节(控制)自动气(温)候控制自动彩色控制自动点火(燃烧)控制节气门位置开关电路加速加速器附件计算机自动控制电子扫描系统事故,意外加速度计记入……帐内调节,适应空调循环开关会计师会计,统计,计算,帐,报表往来帐户,业务月报,会计月报表总会计师帐号积累,积蓄(蓄电池,积累器,累加器)准确的,精确的空调电磁真空阀交流连续波,交流等幅波附件空调离合器接地一致先进设计的柴油机空调需求开关ACDACDACDACDGL YAC-digital converter AC-diode charging AC dynamoACDTACEACEACEACEACEACEACEACEACEACEACESACESACESACETACFACFACFACFTACFTUACGACGACIACIACIACIAACIDACIRACISACK(ACKD)ACKACKT(ACKGT,ACKMT)ACL Alternating current dumpAntenna control displayAutomatic closing deviceaccordinglyAlternating current digital converterAlternating current diode chargingAlternating current dynamoaccidentacetateacceptance checkout equipmentadaptive computer experimentair conditioning equipmentanalytic computer equipmentassistant chief engineerauto diagnosis car expertautomatic checkout equipmentautomatic circuit exchangeautomatic computing engine(equipment)automatic checkout and evaluation systemautomatically controlled electrical systemautomatic control evaluation simulatoracetyleneactivated carbon fibreall coated fabricautocorrelation functionair craftall-China Federation of Trade Unionsalternating current generatorautomatic control gearannealed cast ironasynchronous communications interfaceautomatic car identification systemasynchronous communications interface adapteracceleration, cruise, idle, deceleration(test cycle)automotive crash injury researchacoustic control induction systemacknowledgeautomatic colour killeracknowledgmentaccess control list交流电源切断天线控制显示器自动闭合(开关)装置相应地交流数字变换器交流二极管充电,二极管整流充电交流发电机事故,意外醋酸盐(酯),醋酸根(基),醋酸纤维素验收检验设备自适应计算机试验空气调节设备解析计算机设备副总工程师汽车自动诊断专家程序自动检测设备自动电路交换器自动计算装置自动检测与鉴定(评价)系统自动控制的电气系统自动控制测定模拟器乙炔活性碳纤维全部包有纤维织物自相关函数飞机中华全国总工会交流发电机自动控制(换档)装置退火铸铁异步通信接口汽车自动识别系统异步通信接口适配器加速,稳速,怠速,减速工况(试验循环)汽车碰撞伤害度调查可变进气管长度的声控进气系统应答,肯定,确认,承认,证明,传送结束信号自动消色(电路)认可,肯定,响应,承认,收到的通知,回单存取控制表ACL(A/CLNR) ACLACLA/CL- BI-MET ACLDA/CL-DVA VL filter ACLOACMACMACMACMC ACME ACMGACNACNACNTAC noise ACOACOACOE ACOM ACOM ACON ACORNACPACPACPACPAB (ACPTBL) ACPDP ACPSW ACPTACQACRACRACRACRACRACRACRES ACRS Air cleanerAllowance cargo loadApplication control languageAir cleaner bimetallic(sensor)Air cooledAir cleaner-duct valveAir cleaner filter elementA/C freon lowActive control mountAdvanced composite materialA/C magnetic clutch(switch)Acme screw threadAC magnetic clutch switchAdvance change noticeAll concerned notifiedAsynchronous control networkaccentalternating current noiseaction cutoutadaptive control optimizationautomatic checkout equipmentadvanced computationaladvanced coding machineA/C on (relay)Automatic checkout and recording equipmentAir conditioning pressure(sensor)A/C programmerAuxiliary control panelacceptableAC-plasma display panelAir conditioning pressure switchAcceptacquireaccumulator registeracrossair conditioning relayannual confidential reportautomatic controllerautomatic current regulatorair born communication relay stationair cushion restraint system空气滤清器容许载货量应用控制语言空滤气双重金属传感器气(风)冷的空滤器排尘污通道阀门空气滤清器滤芯空调氟利昂少电子主动控制式发动机安装支座(垫块)高级复合材料空调电磁离合器开关埃克米螺纹空调电磁离合器开关更改的先期通知已通知所有有关单位异步控制网络加重,强调交流噪声动作截止,作用停止适配控制最佳化自动检测设备先进的计算(方法)自动编码机空调开通(继电器)自动检测与记录设备空调压力(传感器)空调程序器辅助操纵仪表板,副控制仪表板可接受(的)交流等离子显示板空调压力开关接受,领受取得,获得,得到累加寄存器穿过,交叉,横向空调继电器年度秘密报告自动控制器自动电流调节器空载通信中继站(汽车乘员的)气垫型保护系统,气垫安全装置ACSACSACSACSACSACSACSACSACSACSACSD ACSO ACSPACSR ACSRY ACSSACTACTACTACTACTACTACTACTACTACTACTE ACTE ACTGACTLACT-MIX-DR ACTPSM ACTRACTS ACTVT® ACUACUACUACUACU accessaccessory control specificationaccumulator switchadaptive control systemair conditioning system(switch)alternating current synchronousanalogue computer systemautomatic coding systemautomatic control systemautonomous control systemautomatic cold starting deviceaccess openingAC spark plugAluminum conductor steel reinforcedAccessoryanalog computer subsystemactualactuatorair charge temperature(sensor)air conditioning amplifieralgebraic coding theoryaltitude compensation timeranalogical circuit theoryautomatic calibration techniqueautomatic code translationautomatic control transportationactuateactomatic checkout test equipmentactingactual servo positionactual air mix door (valve) positionalternation current two phase servo motoractuatorautomatic clutch and throttle systemactivate(activator)acceleration compensation unitacceleration control unitair conditioning idle-up vacuum switching valveantenna control unitautomatic calling unit存取,进路,通路附件检验规范蓄电池开关自适应控制系统空调系统(压力开关)交流同步模拟计算机系统自动编码系统自动控制系统自主控制系统自动冷起动装置检修入孔(美国通用汽车公司的)AC火花塞分部(AC是该部前身公司创始人艾伯特。
通信常用缩略语大词典
A/D Analogue to Digital Converter**模数转换AA Auto-Answer**自动应答AA1Adaptive Antenna**自适应天线,一种天线提供直接指向目标的波束,能AA2Assert Acknowledge**断言应答AAA Authentication,Authorization,Accounting**认证、授权和计费AAD Address Adder**地址加法器AB Address Bus**地址总线AB1Arithmetic Bus**运算总线ABC Automation of Bibliography through Computerzation**计算机化自动编ABR Available Bit Rate**可用比特率AC Access Control**存储控制AC1Address Carry**地址进位AC2Access Cycle**存储周期AC3Add Carry**加法进位AC4the Atlantic Cable**大西洋海底电缆AC5Authentication Centre**鉴权中心AC6Access Code**存储码ACCH Associated Control Channel**随路控制信道ACD Automatic Call Distribution**自动呼叫分配A-CDMA Asynchronous Code Division Multiple Access**异步码分多址ACI Adjacent-Channel Interference**邻频干扰ACIR Adjacent Channel Interference Ratio**邻信道干扰比ACK1ACKnowledgement**确认ACL Asynchronous Connectionless Link**异步无连接ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio**邻信道泄漏比ACLR1Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio**邻信道泄漏功率比ACLR2Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio**邻信道泄漏比ACLR3Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio**邻信道泄漏功率比acoustic amplitude logger acoustic amplitude logger**声波幅度测井仪acoustic amplitude logger1acoustic amplitude logger**声波幅度测井仪ACP Adjacent Channel Power**邻道功率ACP1Adjacent Channel Power**邻道功率acquisition time acquisition time**取数据时间acquisition time1acquisition time**取数据时间ACR Average Cell Rate**平均信元率ACR1Allowed Cell Rate**允许的信元率ACR2Average Cell Rate**平均信元率ACU Antenna Combining Unit**天线组合单元ACU1Acknowledgement Signal Unit**证实信号单元 表示正确地或ACU2Antenna Control Unit**天线控制器ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter**摸数转换器ADC;DAMPS North America digital cellular system**北美数字蜂窝系统ADFE Automatic Decree Feedback Equalizer**自适应判决反馈均衡器 一种利ADM Add Drop Multiplexer**分插复用器,一种新型的网络单元,将同步复用ADM1Add-Drop Multiplexer**上/下路复用器ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation**自适应差分脉冲编码调ADR Analogue-Digital Recorder**模拟-数字记录器ADR1Address Digit Receiver**数字地址接收器ADR2Advisory Route**建议路由ADR3Analogue Data Recognition**模拟数据识别ADRC Automatic Call Distribution Remote Capture**自动呼叫分配(分布)ADSL asymmetric digital subscriber line**不对称数字用户线ADSL2Asymetric Digital Subscriber Loop**非对称数字用户环路技术ADSS All Dielectric self-support**全介质自承式光缆 主要应用在强电场合AEB Analog Expansion Bus**模拟扩展总线AEIR Application Entity Installer and Remover**应用实体安装和拆除AFC Automatic Frequency Control**自动频率控制AFT Automatic Frequency Tune**自动频率调谐AG Audio Gateway**语音网关AGC Automatic Gain Control**自动增益控制AGCH Access Grant Channel**允许接续信道AIS Alarm Indication Signal**告警指示信号AIUR Air Interface User Rate**空中接口用户速率AJ Anti-Jamming**抗干扰AKA Authentication and Key Agreement**鉴权和密钥同意alarm summery panel alarm summery panel**报警汇总画面ALC Auto Level Control**自动电平控制ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown**自动激光关闭 在再生段光缆断开的情况下,ALT Automatic Link Transfer**自动链路转移AM/CM Administration Module/Communication Module**管理/通信模块AM1Amplitude Modulation**振幅调制AM-ADDR Active Member Address**活动的成员地址AMI Aliernate Mark Inversion Code**交替传号反转码AMI1Alternate Mark Inversion**信号交替反转码 一种数字传输中常用的编码AMPS Aduanced Mobile Phone System**高极移动电话系统AMPS 2Advanced Mobile Phone Institute**先进移动电话业务AMR Automatic Meter Reading**自动抄表AMR1Adaptive Multi Rate**自适应多速率AMRC Adaptive Multirate Codec**自适应多码率编译码器AN1Access Node**接入节点ANSI1American National Standard Institute**美国国家标准局AN-SMF AN system management function**接入网系统管理功能AN-SMF1Access Network System Management Function**接入网系统管理功能ANT1Antenna**天线AON Active Optical Network**有源光网络,属于一点对多点的光通信网络,AON1All Optical Net**全光网 就是网中直到端用户节点之间的信号通道仍然AON2All Optical Network**全光纤网络AOWC All Optical Wave Converter**全光波长转换器 是指不经过电域处理,直AP1Access Point**接入点APD1Avalanche Diode**雪崩光电二极管 利用雪崩倍增效应使光电流得到倍增APD2Avalanche Photo Detector**雪崩光电探测器API Application Programming Interface**应用编程接口APOC Advanced Paging Operator Code**先进寻呼操作码APON ATM Passive Optical Network**无源光网络,一种结合ATM多业务多比特APON1ATM-Based PON**ATM无源光网络APP A Posteriori Probability**后验概率APR1Automatic Programming and Recording**自动程序设计与记录APR2Automatic Position Reporting**自动位置报告APS Automatic Protection Switching**自动保护倒换APSK Absolute Phase Shift Keying**绝对相移键控AR Alternative Routing**迂回路由选择AR1Agent Request**代理请求AR2Access Rate**接入率ARA Average Response Amplitude**平均响应幅度AR-ADDR Access Request Address**访问请求地址ARB All Routes Busy**路由全忙ARC Automatic Remote Control**自动遥控ARC1Alternative Route Cancel**消除迂回路由ARDT Automatic Remote Data Terminal**自动远端数据终端ARF Access to the Resources Function**资源访问功能ARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number**完全的无线频率信道号码ARFCN1Absolute RF Channel Number**绝对频道号 以整数表示的绝对射频信道号ARI Access Rights Identity**存取权识别ARIB Association of Radio Industry Businesses**无线行业企业协会ARL Acceptable Reliability Level**合格的可靠性(标准)ARM1Asynchronous Response Mode**异步应答方式ARP Address Resolution Protocol**地址解析协议ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency**(美)高级研究计划署ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network**(美)高级研究计划署网络ARPANETq Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork**(美国国防部)高级研究ARPS Advanced Real-Time Processing System**高级实时处理系统ARQ Automatic Repeat Request**自动重复请求ARS Address Resolution Server**地址解析服务器ART1Alarm Reporting Telephone**报警电话ARTq Average Restoration Time**平均恢复时间AS1Anti-Spoofing**反电子欺骗 通过对P码进行加密处理,防止非授权用户干ASCI Advanced Speed Call**GSM phaseII+ 标准指定的新业务,其中包括优先ASE Application Service Element**应用服务单元 在单个应用联系上对一指ASEAT Autoregressive Spectral Estimation Acquisition Technique**自回归ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit**专用集成电路ASK Amplitude Shift Keying**振幅键控(幅移键控)ASK1Amplitude Shift Keying,Amplitude Shift modulation**幅移键控ASN.1Abstract Syntax Notation One**抽象语法定义,在采用开放系统OSI通信ASON Automatic Switched Optical Network**自动交换光网络ASP1Application Service Provider**应用服务提供商ASR1Automatic Send-Receiver**自动收发机ASR2Automatic Send and Receive**自动收发ASR3Automatic Speech Recognition**自动语音识别ASR4Answer Seizure Ratio**应答占用率ASR5Access Service Request**访问业务请求ASRTE Alternative Select Route**迂回选择路由ASTN Automatic Switched Transport Network**自动交换传送网ATI Automatic Transmitter Identification**自动发射机识别ATM Alternative Test Method**(光纤、光缆)替代测试法(ATM)ATM 2Asynchronous Transfer Mode**异步传输模式ATM1asynachronous transfer model**同步传输模式ATME automatic transmission measuring and signalling testing equipmen atmosphere Personal Digital Cellular**个人数字蜂窝系统ATPC Automatic Transfer Power Control**自动发信功率控制 技术的要点是微ATR Asynchronous Transfer Region**异步转移(传递)区ATR1Answer To Reset**回答到复位ATR2Answering Time Recorder**应答时间记录器ATR3Automatic Traffic Recorder**自动话务量记录器ATU Adapter Unit**适配单元ATU-C ADSL transceiver unit,central office end**ADSL局端发送接收单元 位ATU-T ADSL transceiver unit,remote terminal end**ADSL远端发送接收单元 ATU-T1ADSL transceiver unit,remote terminal end**ADSL远端发送接收单元ATX AteXternal**是由Intel 公司首创以提升微机主板整体性能的AU Access Unit**访问单元AU1Administrative Unit**管理单元,提供高阶通道层和复用段层之间适配功AUC Authentication Center**鉴权中心AUG Administrative Unit Group**管理单元组AUL Average Useful Life**平均使用寿命AU-n Administrative Unit-n**管理单元auroral Packet Randem Access Channel**分组随机接入信道AVL Average Voice Level**平均话音电平AVL1Automatic Vehicle Location system**自动车辆定位系统 车队的某一车AWF All Wave Fiber**全波光纤 消除了光纤1383nm的水峰,这样就在1350-1 AWG Array Waveguide Grating**阵列波导光栅AWG1array wave guide**阵列式波导光栅AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise**加性高斯白噪声BA Booster(power) Amplifier**光功率放大器 可补偿光复用器的损耗,提高BA1Booster Amplifier**光功率放大器,可补偿光复用器的损耗,提高入纤功BAIC Barring of All Incoming Calls supplementary service**限制所有呼入BAOC Barring of All Outgoing Calls supplementary service**限制所有呼出BB Baseband**基带BBER Background Block Error Ratio**背景误块比 对于一个确定的测试时间而BBS Bulletion Board System**电子公告栏BC Billing Center**计费中心BCC Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Colour Code**基站代码BCCH Broadcast Control Channel**广播控制信道BCD Binary Coded Decimal**二进制编码的十进制BCH Bose,Chaudhuri&Hocquenghem Type of code**博斯-乔赫里-霍克文黑姆BCH1Broadcast Channel**广播信道BCJR Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv**算法BCP BTS Control Processor**BTS控制处理器BDPSK Binary Differential Phase Shift Keying**二相差分相移键控BER BIT ERROR RATIO**误比特率 二值信号的差错比值。
首字母缩略词
首字母缩略词定义首字母缩略字是将相关词句的第一个字母组合成的一个新字。
“首字母缩略字”又称为“头字语”。
而这个新字的发音则是依据这个新字书写的方式。
由来早在罗马帝国时期,罗马远征军旗帜上的四个拉丁文字母子SRQR就可算作一个首字母缩略词,它代表Senatus Populusque Romanus (The Senate and the Roman People, 意思是"为元老院院和罗马人民而战")。
但是首字缩略词的盛行,却是现代生活的产物。
首字母缩略词概述利用首字母缩略形式构成新词是语言的一种普遍现象,已有两千年的历史。
首字母缩略词已成为语言中新鲜成分的重要来源,非常活跃,十分多产,主要见于书面语言。
在某些学科,如生物医学领域,首字母缩略词的激增已成为该领域的显著特征之一。
英语中由首字母缩略构成的新词在所有新词中占的比例已由20 世纪60 年代的5 %增加到了现在的9 %。
第二次世界大战以来,特别是近年来,这种构词方法得到迅速发展。
究其原因主要是经济社会发展和科技进步产生大量新理念、新现象、新表述,以及语言应用的经济原则。
首字母缩略词包括acronym 和initialism。
《英汉大词典》对“acronym”的解释是“首字母缩拼词、首字母组合词,指的是由一词组中各主要词的第一字母或前几个字母缩合而成的词,如UNESCO 一词由the United Nations Educational ,Scientific ,and Cultural Organization 各主要词的第一字母缩合而成”; 对“initialism”的解释是“首字母缩略词、首字母缩合词,指的是用词组中各词首字母组成的缩略词,如IFR 是Instrument Flight Rules 首字母的缩略词”。
其实,二者的构成方式和构成特点没有任何区别,主要区别在于所构成的缩略词的读音方式。
前者按单词而不是按字母读音,如:UNESCO 读作/ ju :′nesk ou/ , NATO ( the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 读作/′neit ou/;而后者则按单个字母逐一读音, 如: IFR 读作/ ɑiefɑ:/ , VIP ( V ery Important Person) 读作/vi : aipi :/ 。
常见的英语缩写词语和翻译
常见的英语缩写词语和翻译缩写词语在英语中被广泛使用,它们在书面和口语交流中起到简化表达和节省时间的作用。
以下是一些常见的英语缩写词语及其翻译:1.ASAP:As Soon As Possible,尽快2.DIY:Do It Yourself,自己动手做3.FYI:For Your Information,供参考4.TGIF:Thank God It’s Friday,感谢上帝今天是星期五5.LOL:Laugh Out Loud,大声笑6.BRB:Be Right Back,马上回来7.OMG:Oh My God,天啊8.VIP:Very Important Person,重要人物9.CEO:Chief Executive Officer,首席执行官10.ETA:Estimated Time of Arrival,预计到达时间这些缩写词语不仅在日常生活中常见,而且在商务和网络交流中也广泛使用。
熟悉这些缩写词语及其意思可以更好地理解英语文本并提高交流效率。
另外,随着社交媒体和数字化通讯的普及,许多新的缩写词语不断涌现,例如:•TBH:To Be Honest,说实话•ICYMI:In Case You Missed It,以防你错过了•FOMO:Fear Of Missing Out,害怕错过•IMO:In My Opinion,依我看•TTYL:Talk To You Later,待会再聊这些新的缩写词语通常在社交媒体评论、短信和聊天应用中频繁使用,为快速、简洁的交流提供便利。
因此,了解和掌握这些缩写词语对于与人沟通和理解当代英语文化都至关重要。
综上所述,英语缩写词语在现代语言中扮演着重要角色,它们不仅简化了交流过程,还反映了语言的活力和发展。
熟练掌握常见的英语缩写词语及其翻译将有助于加强交流效果和文化交流。
希望本文提供的内容能帮助读者更好地理解和运用英语缩写词语。
常用贸易术语英文缩写
CHIEF EFGINEER
轮机长
CERT
CERTIFICATE
证书
C. F.
CUBIC FEET
立方英尺
C&F
COST AND FREIGHT
货价加运费
CFM
CONFIRM
确认、证实
CFMD
CONFIRMED
已确认、已证实
CFR
COST AND FREIGHT
货价加运费(运费付至目的港)
CFS
COMMlSSION
佣金
CONBILL
CONFERENCE BILL OF LADING
公会提单
CONGEN
CONFERENCE GENBILL ERAL CARGO BILL OF LADING
公会杂货提单
CONSEC
CONSECUTIVE
连续的
CONT
CONTINENT OF EUROPE
欧洲大陆
货物载重吨
EFF
EFFICIENCY
效率
E.G.
EXAMPLE GRATIA,FOR EXAMPLE
例如
EIU
EVEN IF USED
即使用也不计算
E/M
EXPORT MANIFEST
出口载货清单,出口舱单
ENCL
ENCLOSURE OR ENCLOSED
永远漂浮
ABT
ABOUT
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第四讲 缩略词语、聚合词、成对词、典故词等
第四讲缩略词语、聚合词、成对词、典故词等一.缩略词语1.关于缩略词语的定义关于缩略词语的定义,目前至少有以下三种意见:第一种意见认为,缩略词语是“普通话中由固定说法经过压缩和简略而形成的词语”,这种意见对缩略词语的原式给予了限制,即原式必须是固定语。
第二种意见认为缩略词语是“从已相对稳固了的较复杂的词和短语中,直接或间接地抽取其主要成分(词素、词)形成简短的词语,表示与原复杂词语相同的意义”的一种词汇现象,这种意见对缩略词语的原式予以了更为严格的限制。
第三种意见认为“音节较长的组合形式通过缩略而形成的音节较短的形式”是缩略词语,这种意见比较宽松,既不对缩略词语的原式给予限制,也不对缩略的方式和手段加以限制。
目前大家比较认同的是第三种意见。
下面这些现象的归属?民间习俗——民俗,人民大众——民众,人民中间——民间,民用航空——民航,民庭——民事法庭,北京——京,吉林——吉,大型奔驰牌轿车——大奔,中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会——十六大,打击非法出版活动——打非,抢夺、抢劫——双抢。
我们的意见:缩略词语是由现代汉语中目前仍在使用的词语通过减缩法而形成的词汇现象。
我们认为,作为缩略词语应该具备以下三个条件:一是原式必须是现代汉语中仍在使用着的词语;二是缩略形式必须是由原式通过减缩法而形成;三是缩略形式必须保留原式中的部分构成成分。
2.缩略词语和简称缩略词语同通常所说的“简称”之间是一种什么关系,也是学术界争论不休的话题。
一种意见认为简称就是缩略词语,两者是一码事。
一种意见认为简称和缩略词语有别,两者有着质的不同。
一种意见认为缩略词语和简称是一种属种关系、上下位关系,简称是缩略词语的一种。
目前,比较通行的是第一种意见,即简称就是缩略词语,两者异名同实。
几乎所有的目前高校通用的《现代汉语》教材均采纳了这种意见。
3.缩略词语、简称和别称在不少讨论缩略词语的论著中均会提及同“简称”或“缩略词语”有别的所谓“别称”,认为别称是“在正式名称之外还有另一个用以称呼它的名称”,“别称大都另选一个有别于原来名称的词语来表示”。
常用缩略语词典
常用缩略语词典常用缩略语词典是一本非常实用的工具书,它用来帮助人们理解并使用缩略语词汇。
虽然无论是在书面还是口头上都使用这种词汇,但由于我们口音和文化差异,有时我们还是理解不到某些缩略语的意义。
因此,一本汇集大量的缩略语的词典非常重要。
缩略语词典主要是 20 世纪末发展起来的一种新型词汇,它是将两个或多个连续的词缩写成一个词,来传达更多信息。
例如,网络语言缩写LOL可以用于表达laugh out loud(大声笑)的意思,BTW可以表达by the way(顺便说一句)的意思,而BFF可以表达best friends forever(永远最好的朋友)的意义。
此外,如果不了解特定词汇时,查阅缩略语词典也是一种非常好的方法,能够让你迅速地了解某个缩略语的具体含义。
缩略语词典的另一个好处是,它可以帮助读者记住缩写的词汇,让读者更有效地使用这些缩写词汇,以实现更好的沟通效果。
这也是为什么在网络上我们看到越来越多的缩略语使用,尤其是在聊天、论坛或者两个或多个人谈话时会使用到更多缩略语,来做到更有效的沟通。
此外,缩略语词典也是一本非常实用的书,可以帮助我们更好地理解缩写词汇的正确含义,而不必担心误解或误解的信息。
有时候,即使我们懂得了某个缩写的情况,也可能听到一个我们不理解的缩写词汇,这时有了缩略语词典就非常方便了,你可以很容易地快速查询到那个缩略语的具体意思。
总而言之,常用缩略语词典是一本非常重要的工具书,可以帮助我们更好地理解并使用缩略语词汇。
它不仅可以帮助我们更有效地沟通,还可以提高我们的沟通能力,减少由于误解或理解不透彻而导致的误会和误解。
因此,不管是口语还是书面表达,都应该拥有一本常用缩略语词典,来帮助我们更快、更清楚地表达我们的意思,以达到传达信息的最佳效果。
常用贸易术语英文缩写-推荐下载
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词典中最常见的缩略语,莫过于各种表示词性(part of speech)的缩略语了,常用的有以下几种:n.[C] 或 CN=countable noun 可数名词n.[U] 或 UN=uncountable noun 不可数名词v.[T] 或 vt=transitive verb 及物动词v.[I] 或 vi=intransitive verb 不及物动词a 或 adj=adjective 形容词ad 或 adv=adverb 副词conj=conjunction 连接词prep=preposition 介词pron=pronoun 代词int=interjection 感叹词abbr=abbreviation 缩写,缩略语除了表示词性的缩略语外,词典中还有各种对词条加以说明的注释性缩略语,常见的有以下列出的这些:esp=especially 尤指;尤用于usu=usually 通常作pl=prural 复数形式sing=singular 单数形式pers pron=personal pronoun 人称代词attrib=attributive 用作定语pred=predicative 用作表语pref=prefix 前缀suff=suffix 后缀neg=negative 否定式euph=euphemistic 委婉语fig=figurative 比喻用法idm=idiom 习语fml=formal 正式用语;书面语infml=informal 通俗用语;口语ironic 讽刺用语;反语joc=jocular 戏谑语compar=comparative form 比较级superl=superlative form 最高级approv=approving 褒义derog=derogatory 贬义app=appendix 附录dialect 方言sl=slang 俚语taboo 避讳语non-standard 不规范用法old-fashioned 过时用法rare 罕见用法BrE 或 Brit=British English 英式英语AmE 或 US=American/United States English 美式英语ScotE=Scottish English 苏格兰英语IrE=Irish English 爱尔兰英语CanE=Canadian English 加拿大英语AustrE 或 Austral=Australian English 澳大利亚英语NZE=New Zealand English 新西兰英语InE=Indian English 印度英语语法术语缩略语(以字母为顺序)AA.,a.=Anglio英语的,英国的a.K.=anta Kristo纪元前a.m.=a.t.m. 上午A.O.=Administra Oficejo 管理处,经理部A.S.=akcia societo股份公司a.t.m., atm.=antatagmeze上午, 午前ab.=abono预约; abonprezo 预约价adj.=adjektivo形容词adm.=administrejo, administracio经理处, 管理处; administranto 经理人adr.=adreso地址, 通信处adv.=adverbo副词afr(ank).=afranko, afrankite邮资已付agr.=agrikulturo农业Ak. =Akademio 学会,科学院,学院Ak.=Akademio科学院Ak-ano.=akademiano科学院院士akuz.=akuzativo宾格alg.=algebro代数anat.=anatomio解剖学angl.=angla 英国的Anst.=anstata代替ant.=antikvao古物apr.=anrilo四月Ar.=argono氩Ar[k].=ar[k]itekturo建筑学arit.=aritmetiko算术ark.=arkitekto建筑师art.=artikolo文章astro.=astronomio天文学ag.=agusto八月BB.=Belgio比利时B.E.L.=Bahaa Esperanto Ligo巴哈教世界语协会B.I.L.=Bibliografio de Internacia Lingvo《国际语书目提要》B.L.E.=Budhana Ligo Esperantista世界语者佛教协会b.t.=bonvolu turni请看背面bfl.=(metu postmarkon)bildflanke (请把邮票贴) 在有画的bind.=bindita精装的biol.=biologio生物学bk.=bildokarto图片bol.=boliviano玻璃维亚货币单位[=100 centavo或60%美元]; bolivaro委内瑞拉货单位bot.=botaniko植物学bro.=brourita[e] 平装的(地)Bul.=Bulgario保加利亚buso.=omnibuso公共汽(马)车bv.=bonvole, bonvolu 请CC .=Celsius, Celsiusa摄氏(的)c.=cendo仙,分[美元或盾的百分之一]C.D.E.L.I. .=Centro de Dokumentado kaj Esploro pri la Lingvo Internacia国际语资料研究中心C.E.D.=Centro de Esploro pri Dokumentado pri la monda lingvo-pro-blemo世界语言问题资料研究中心C.G.S.=Centimetro-Gramo-Sekundo厘米-克-秒,CGS单位制[一种计算力的单位制度]C.K.=Centra Komitato 中央委员会C.O .=Centra Oficejo de UEA(国际世协)中央事务所c.r.=certe respondos一定回信cent.=centimo生丁,centavo南美洲货币名[1peso的百分之一]cg .=centigramo厘克cj.=centjaro世纪cl .=centilitro厘升cm .=centimetro厘米.=inio中国;=inlingvo汉语.=ino中国人;=irka?(e)大约.E.L.=ina Esperanto-Ligo中华全国世界语协会.p.=evalpovo马力.S.R.=eoslovaka Respubliko捷克斯洛伐克共和国ap.=apitro篇,章,回D=efdelegito总代表e.=eo捷克人j.=i-jare今年,本年s.=eoslovaka捷克斯洛伐克的DD., d.=dimane 在星期日; delegito代表; dinaro南斯拉夫货币单位; dana丹麦的; dino达因; CGS制中力的单位D.=deterio重氧,氘d.=dino达因d.d.=de dato, kun dato de …日期D.E.=Denaskaj Esperantistoj自幼使用世界语者D.K.M.S.=Dimitrova Komunista Junulara Asocio保加利亚季米特洛夫共青团D.M.=Dumviva membro终身会员dag.=dekagramo十克dal.=dekalitro十升dam.=dekametro十米dec.=decembro十二月del.=delegito代表dep.=departemento[法]县,部, 局;deputito议员dez.=deziras想, 愿dez.kor.=deziras korespondi希望(愿意)通信dg.=decigramo分克din.=dinaro第纳尔(南斯拉夫和一些阿拉伯国家的货币单位)Dir., dir.=direktoro理事, 经理, 社长,校长div.=diversaj各种各样的dl.=decilitro分升dm.=decimetro分米dm.=dimano星期天Dn.=Danio, Danlando丹麦dn.=dano丹麦人D-o.= D-rodol.=dolaro美元Dr., D-ro., Dro., d-ro.=doktoro博士d-rino.=doktorino女博士Ee.=ergo尔格E.=Esperanto世界语E.E.C.=Eropa Esperanto-Centro欧洲世界语中心E.E.U.=Eropa Esperanto-Unio欧洲世界语联盟E.G.= esperanta grupo世界语团体E.G.L.I.=Esperantista Go-Ligo Internacia国际世界语者围棋协会E.L.F-A.R.E.K.=Esperanto-Ligo Filatelista/Amika Rondo de Esperantaj Kolektantoj集邮家世界语协会一世界语资料收藏者之友社E.P.C. =The Esperanto Publishing Company Limited世界语出版有限公司E.P..=El Popola inio《中国报道》E..L.I.=Esperanta ak-Ligo Internacia国际世界语象棋协会E.V.A.=Esperanta Verkista Asocio世界语作家协会Ekrelo. =Eldon-kooperativo por Revolucia Esperanta Literaturo革命世界语文学出版合作社ekskl.=ekskluzive除外,唯一地Ekz. =Ekzercaro [Z. 著"世界语之基础" 的一部分]ekz.=ekzemplero册,本,部ekz-e.=ekzemple例如ekzo.=ekzemplero册,本,部eld.=eldono; 版(本);eldonejo出版社; eldonitaelekt.=elektro电elp.=elparolata 被发音,被读作; elparolu请发音,请读作els.=elsendas寄出,发出esk.=eskudo埃斯库多(葡萄牙货币单位)[=100 centavo]Esp.= Esperanto世界语esp-ismo.=esperantismo世界语主义esp-isto.=esperantisto世界语者Esp-o.= Esperanto世界语est.=estimata敬爱的; estona爱沙尼亚的Ev.= evitinda避免(使用)Ff.= figure比喻,转义F.= Francio法国;franca法国的; finna芬兰的; funto磅[=453.6克]; Farenhejta 华氏的F.E.=Fundamento de Esperanto《世界语基础》f.ino.=fralino姑娘,小姐F.K.=Fundamenta Krestomatio 《基础文选》FA.=Fakaj Asocioj专业学会fam.=familio科,族[动、植物]farm.=farmacio药学FD.=Fakdelegito专业代表feb.= februaro二月ffr.= franca franko法国法郎fi.= filozofio哲学;fil.= filatelio集邮fin.= fin(n)landa芬兰的;financo财政fin.= financo财政fiz.= fiziko物理学Fn.=Finlando芬兰fon.=fonetiko语音学for.=forintoj福林(匈牙利货币单位)fr.=franko法郎; fralo 未婚男子ft.=fotografao照片fz.=fiziko物理学Gg.=gazeto 期刊; gramo克; gramatiko文法; genro属; germania德国的G.=Germanio德国;gek-doj.=gekamaradoj男女同志们geom.=geometrio 几何学germ.=germano 德国人;germana 德国的ges-anoj.=gesamideanoj志同道合的人ges-roj.=gesinjoroj先生们GEV.= "Grajnoj en Vento" "风中的种子"(刊物名)gg.=geografio地理学Gk.=Grekio希腊; greka希腊的gk.=greko希腊人gl. .=glumarkoj贴花gld.=guldeno盾(荷兰货币单位)GM., Gmk.,g.mk. = germana marko 德国马克gmst.=gimnastiko 体操GMT .=Greenwich(-a) Meztempo格林威治标准时间gram.=gramatiko文法guld.= guldeno盾(荷兰货币单位)en.=enerala总HH.=Hispanio西班牙h.=hispano西班牙人; hispana西班牙; horo小时,钟点H.de E.= "Heroldo de Esperanto"《世界语报道》H.L.=Holando荷兰H.M.=honora membro名誉会员H.P.K.=Honora Patrona Komitato名誉监护人委员会Hb.=Hebrealingvo希伯来语hb.=hebreo希伯来人; hebrea希伯来的;犹太的hg.=hektogramo百克his.=historio历史hisp.=hispana西班牙的Hl., hol.=holanda荷兰的hl.=hektolitro百升[=1市石]hm.=hektometro百米Hun.=Humgario匈牙利em.=emio化学II.=Italio意大利i.=italo 意大利人;itala 意大利的i.a.=inter aliaj, interalie 就中I.E.A.J.=Internacia Esperanto-Asocio de Juristoj 国际世界语法津学者协会I.E.K.A= Internacia Esperanto-Klubo Atomobilista国际汽车司机世界语俱乐部I.E.M.= Internacia Esperanto- Muzeo国际世界语博物馆I.F.E.F.=Internacia Fervojista Esperanto-Feteracio国际世界语铁路工人联合会I.K.U.E.= Internacia Katolika Unuio Esperantista国际天主教世界语者联合会I.L.A.S.E.=Internacia Ligo de Agrikulturaj Specialistoj-Esperantistoj国际世界语者农业专家协会I.L.E.F.=Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Foto-Kino-Magnetofon-amatoroj国际世界语者摄影、电影、录音爱好者协会I.L.E.I=Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Instruistoj国际世界语者教师协会I.L.E.R.A.=Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Radio-Amatoroj国际世界语者无线电爱好者协会I.P.E.=Internacio de Proleta Esperantistaro无产者世界语者国际i.p.k.=ilustrita potkarto美术明信片,画片I.P.T.E.A.=Internacia Postista kaj Telekomunikista Esperanto-Asocio国际邮政电信职I.S.A.E.=Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperatista国际世界语者科学协会I.S.U.=Internacia Somera Universitato国际夏季大学I.U.E.F.=Internacia Unuio de la Esperantistoj Filologoj国际世界语者语言学者联合会IADEM.=Internacia Asocio de Esperantistaj Matematikistoj国际世界语者数学家协会il.=ilustrita有插图的;有画的il.=ilustrao插图ind.=industrio工业inf.=infinitivo不定式in.=ineniero工程师inkl.=inkluzive包括instr.=instruisto教师int(ern).=internacia国际的interj.=interjekcio感叹词i.=interane交换Isl.=Islando冰岛Jj.=janano日本人;janana日本的J.=Japanio日本J.D. =junulara delegito青年代表J.E.I.=Japana Esperanto-Instituto日本世界语学会j.k.=jaro kuranta今年ja.=jara, jare每年(的);junulo青年jan.=januaro一月jarl.=jarlibro年鉴jc.=jarcento世纪jen.=jeno日圆Jug.=Jugoslavio南斯拉夫jul.=julio七月jun.=junio六月(d).=ado 星期四r.=urnaloj日报Kk.=kaj和, 与, 及k.a.=kaj aliaj及其它K.C.=E.=Kultura Centro Esperantista世界语者文化中心k.c.=kaj cetere(aj)以及其它k..=krono eka捷克银币k..l.=kun iuj landoj和各国k.e.=kio estas那就是;kiu estas那人就是K.E.L.I.=Kristana Esperantista Ligo Internacia国际基督教世界语者协会k.e.p.=kiel eble plej尽可能地K.E.S.=Kvakera Esperantista Societo世界语者教友会k.j.=kuranta jaro;kuranta jare本年,今年K.K.K.= Konstanta Komitato de la Kongresoj大会常设委员会K.K.S.= Konstanta Kongresa Sekretario常设大会k.m.a.=kaj multaj aliaj以及许多其它的K.R.=Konstanta Reprezentantaro(de Naciaj Societoj) 各国协会常设代表团k.s.=kaj simil-e(aj)以及类似地,以及其它的k.sekv.=kaj sekvanta(j)以及下列的ka.=kalorio卡路里(热量单位)kas.=kasisto出纳员,司库kcs.=kilociklo en sekundo千周/秒k-dino.=kamaradino女同志k-do.=kamarado同志kem.=kemio化学kg.=kilogramo公斤kHz.=kiloherco千赫k-io=kpmpanio公司kl.=kilolitro公升kl.=klaso级km.=kilometro公里(千米)kmc.=komerco商业kom.=komitato委员会Kominterno.= Komunista Internacio共产国际komp.= komparu 请比较, 请对照看Kompartio.=Komunista Partio共产党konj.=konjunkcio连(接)词kor.=korespondi通信kot.=kotizo会费Kp., kp.=komparu 请比较;kopeko戈比(苏联辅币名, 等于1/10卢布)kpt.=kapitano上尉kr.=krono 克朗(丹麦,挪威,瑞典,冰岛)ktg.=katalogo目录ktp., k.t.p.=kaj tiel plu等等kunv.=kunvenas开会kur.=kuranta今, 本kv.=kilovolto千伏(特); kvartalo(城市的)区Ll.=lando国家; litro公升L.=Latino拉丁文;liro意大利银币; lundo星期一; letero信L.E.E.N.=Nederlanda Esperanto-Asocio《La Estonto Estas Nia》荷兰世界语协会"将来是我们的"L.E.S.S.=La Esperanto-Spiritista Societo世界语者降神会L.I, l.i.=lingvo internacia国际语L.I.B.E.=Ligo Internacia de Blindaj Esperantistoj国际盲人世界语者协会l.j.=lasta jaro 去年L.K.=Lingva Komitato语言委员会L.K.K.=Loka Kongresa Komitato国际世界语大会当地委员会L.R.= 《Lingvaj Respondoj》《语言答问》L.S.=loko de sigelo盖印处lab.=laboro工作; laboristo工人; laborista工人的lat.=latva拉脱维亚的lb.=libro书ld.=lundo星期一lec.=leciono课Lekt.=Lektor(in)o讲师, 教授let.=letere以信的形式lic.=licenci(at)o学士ling.=lingvo语言lir.=liro里拉(土耳其和意大利的货币单位)lit.=literaturo文学,文艺; litova立陶宛的lit.=literaturao文学作品Lta.=limigita有限的(公司)Mm.=marko马克(德国和芬兰货币单位); metro(j) 米; minuto分钟M.=membro会员; mardo星期二M.A.=Membro-Abonanto会员定户M.E.A.=Maroka Esperanto-Asocio摩洛哥世界语协会M.E.M.=Mondpaca Esperantista Movado世界语者和平运动M.E.T.=meze?ropa tempo中欧标准时间M.G.=marko germana德国马克Mag.=magistro硕士maj.=majo五月maks.=maksimume最高限度地mar.=marto三月mat.=matematiko数学; matene早晨Md.=mardo 星期二med.=medicina医学的mg.=miligramo毫克mil.=militista军人的,军事的min.=minimume最低限度min=minuto分钟;minimume最低限度mit=mitologio神话Mk.=marko马克;merkredo星期三mk.=merkredo星期三ml.=mililitro亳升mll.=mallongigo缩写mm.=milimetro(j)毫米mnrl.=mineralogio矿物学mrm.=miriametro万米MS.,ms.=Membro-Subtenanto赞助会员;manuskripto原稿mv.=movado运动mz.=muziko音乐NN-(r)o,Nr.=numero …号(数) ,…期N. n. =Nederlando 荷兰N.=nitrogeno氮n.=nomo 名字N.B.=notu bone请注意N.B.N.=Asocio por la Enkonduko de Nova Biologia Nomenklaturo生物学新命名法促进学会N.E.A.=Nederlanda Esperanto-Asocio荷兰世界语协会N.E.L.=Norvega Esperantista Ligo挪威世界语者协会N.Z.E.A.=Nov-zelanda Esperanto-Asocio新西兰世界语协会nac.=nacia民族的,国家的Ned(erl).=nederlanda荷兰的ned.=nederlandano 荷兰人Ned.=Nederlando 荷兰Neo.=neologismo新词neo.=neologismo新词nj.=nunjara今年nm.=nunmonata本月norv., nr.=norvego挪威人; norvega挪威的nov.=novembro十一月Nr.=Norvegio挪威n-ro.=numero号码ntr.=netransitiva不及物的OO.=oksigeno氧o.=omo欧姆O.A.= "Oficiala Aldono"al"U.V. " 《世界语通用词汇》的"正式增补词"O.P.R.=oni petas respondon请复信,候复O.V.=《Originala Verkaro》柴氏《原作集》Oc.=Oceano洋,大海of(ic).= oficiala正式的,公共的,官方的okc.=okcidento西方okt.=oktobro十月opt.=optiko光学or.=oriento东方Pp.=pao页; polo波兰人; pola波兰的; peso南美银币P.=posforo磷; portugala葡萄牙的; pollando波兰p.a.=per adreso用地址P.E.U.= Proleta Esperantista Unio普罗世界语者联盟[在I.P.E.存在时其成员多用此名称]P.I.,pi.=potkarto ilustrita美术明信片p.K.=post Kristo纪元后p.m.=p.t.m. 下午P.P.=parolante pri就…来说,指…说;per prokuro用代理P.S.=Post skribo附言P.S.=postskribo再者P.T.T.=Poto, Telegramo kaj Telefono邮政电报电话,邮电P.V.=Plena Vortaro《世界语大字典》PAG.=Plena Analiza Gramatiko《世界语分析语法》part.=participo分词pas.=pasinta过去的patr.=patrono保护人pdg.=pedagogio教育学pes.= peseto西班牙银币[=100 centimoj]pes.=peso比索(南美一些国家的货币单位)Pfg.=pfenigo分克,德国小钱[=1/100马克]pfg.=pfenigo芬尼(德国辅币名)PG.= "Plena Gramatiko de Esperanto" 《世界语语法大全》p.=pao页PIV.=Plena Ilustrita Vortaro 《世界语插图大词典》PK.,pk.=potkarto邮片,明信片pl.=plena完全的; pola波兰的PM., p.m.=potmarko邮票pnd.str.=pundo sterlinga英镑pol.=pola波兰的port.=portugala葡萄牙的Port.=Portugalio葡萄牙port.=portugalo葡萄牙人pp=paoj页pr.=prononco发音;portugala葡萄牙的pref.=prefikso接头字pref.=prefikso前缀prep.=prepozicio介词prep.=prepozicio前置词prez.=prezidanto主席,总统,校长prf.=prefere(比起来) 喜欢,宁愿,宁取P-ro=pastro牧师,神父; patro神父prof.=profesoro教授proks.=proksimume大约,大致,差不多,近似地prol.=proleta无产者的pron.=pronomo代(名)词; prononco发音prop.=propozicio语法完整的句; 命题prov.=provinco省ps.=psedonimo笔名,化名ps.=presao印刷品psl.=psikologio心理学ptm., p.t.m.=posttagmeze下午,午后pts.=peseto比塞塔(西班牙货币单位)Rr.=rondo 界,社,团体; ruso俄罗斯人R.=Rusio俄国; rusa俄国的,俄罗斯的R.B.L.E.=Rea Belga Ligo Esperantista比利时世界语者协会rab.=rabato折扣rad.=radiko词根Rb., rub.=rublo卢布Red., red.= Redaktoro编者; redakcio编辑部ref.=referenco参考;参证reg.=registrite注册,登记resp.=respektive各自,分别; respondo回信,复信resp.kup., r.k., rpk.; rkp.=respond-kupono国际回信券rev.=reviziita修订(版); revuo杂志,评论Rev.=Revizoro《钦差大臣》ril.=rilate(al) 关于Rim.=rimark(ig)o准备, 备考,注意rlg.=religio宗教Rp., rp.=rupio卢比[印度货币]Ru.=Rumanio 罗马尼亚rum.=rumana 罗马尼亚的SS,E.L.=Serbia Esperantista Ligo塞尔维亚世界语者协会;Skolta Esperantista Ligo童子军世界语者协会s.=sekundo秒; sudo南方S.=sulfuro硫磺; sabato星期六; Sankta神圣的S.A.= Societo Anonima股份有限公司[股东姓名不公布]S.A.T.=Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda全世界无民族协会S.E.A.= Sarlanda Esperanto-Asocio萨尔世界语协会S.E.F.=Sveda Esperanto-Federacio瑞典世界语联合会S.E.S.=Svisa Esperanto-Societo瑞士世界语协会S.E.U.=Sovetrespublikara Esperantista Unio苏联世界语者协会S.R.E.S.=Scienca Rondo de Esperantistaj Studentoj世界语者大学生科学会S.U.=Somera Universitato(每年国际世界语大会期间举办的)暑期大学,夏季大学s-anino.=samideanino女同志S-ano., sam.=samidean(in)o (女)同志sb.=sabato星期六sc.=scienco科学sd.=spesdeko(世界语币制)一分sek(r).=sekretario秘书,书记send.=sendinto发信人;sendita己寄发sep(t).=septembro九月simb.=simbolo象征sin.=sinuso正弦S-ino.=Sinjorino夫人,太太,女主人Sk.=sanskrita梵语的;subkomprenu意思就是Sl.E.L=Slovenia Esperanto-Ligo斯洛维尼世界语协会Sm.=spesmilo(世界语币制的) 一元[=2.005先令或0.40美金]Sm.=spesmilo千司派司soc.=societo协会; sociala社会的Soc.An.= Societo Anonima股份有限公司sp.=sporto体育运动,(户外)运动s-pg.=senpage免费s-pr.=samprofesianoj同行的人s-ro.=sinjoro 先生S-ro.=Sinjoro 先生St.,S-ta.=Sankta神圣的St.,S-ta=sanktast.=stelo世界语币制单位std.=studado学习, 研究STELO.=Studenta Tutmonda Esperantista Ligo世界学生世界语者协会str.=strato街;sterlinga英镑的str.=strato街道sub.skr.=subskribo签字subj.=subjunkcio从属连词subst.=subustantivo名词suf.=sufikso后缀suf.=sufikso接尾字S-ulo=jennaciulo无民族者[杂志名]sv.=svisa瑞士的;sveda瑞典的Sv.=Svisio瑞士sv.=sviso瑞士人sv.fr.=svisa franko瑞士法郎sved.=sveda瑞典的Sved.=Svedio瑞典sved.=svedo瑞典人(il).=ilingo先令[=12 pencoj].E.A.=anhaja Esperanto-Asocio上海世界语学会.E.L.=anhaja Esperantista Ligo上海世界语者协会TT.=taro(货物的)皮重t.=tuno吨t.e.=tio estas那就是T.E..A.= Tutmonda Esperantista urnalista Asocio全世界世界语者新闻记者协会T.E..O.= Tutmonda Esperantista Junulara Organizo全世界世界语者青年组织T.E.K.A.=Tutmonda Esperantista Kuracista Asocio全世界世界语者医师协会T.E.V.A.=Tutmonda EsperantistaVegetarana Asocio国际世界语者素食协会t.j.=tiu jare那年,是年T.K.K.E.=Tuttata Konsulta Komitato Esperantista(en eoslovakio) 捷克全国世界语咨询委员会t.n.,tn.=tiel nomata所谓t.s.=tio signifas意为, 意思就是tel.=telefono电话tip.=tipografio印刷术tm.=tutmonde在全世界tom.= tomano波斯金币tr.=transitiva及物的(动词)trad.= tradukis翻译traduko译文tradukinto译者UU.=uranio铀U.A.L.E.=Universala Artista Ligo de Esperantistoj国际世界语者美术家协会U.E.A.= Universala Esperanto-Asocio国际世界语协会U.K.=Universala Kongreso de Esperanto国际世界语大会U.L.=La Universala Ligo环球协会U.M.E.A.=Unversala Medecina Esperanto-Asocio国际世界语医学协会U.S., Us.=Usono美国;Usona美国的U.S.S.R.=Unio de Sovetaj Socialistaj Respublikoj苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟U.V.= "Universala Vortaro"《世界语通用词典》UN.=Unuiintaj Nacioj联合国Unesko.=Organizao de Unuiintaj Nacioj por Eduko, Scienco kaj Kulturo联合国教科文组织univ.= universala国际, 环球, 万国;universitato大学UNO.= Organizo de Unuiintaj Nacioj联合国us.=usona美国的; usonano美国人Vv(id).,vd.=vidu 请(参)看,参照V., vdr.=vendredo 星期五v.=verbo动词; volto伏, 伏特V.D.=vicdelegito副代办,副代表V.E.K.=Veterana Esperantista Klubo老世界语者俱乐部V/=vaporipo汽船,轮船va!=vidu anoncon! 请看启事!var.=variao变量, 变种veg.=vegetao植物vesp.=vespere在晚上vicprez.=vicprezidanto副主席, 副总统vicsekr.=vicsekretario副秘书长vol.=volumo卷VPEA越南保卫和平世界语者协会ZZ.=Zamenhof柴门霍夫z.,zoo.=zoologia ardeno动物园zl.=zloto兹罗提(波兰货币单位)[=100 groo]zool.=zoologio动物学。