镗铣床滑枕
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对滑枕进行优化之前，先进行了拓扑优化，找出其可以去除材料的区域，通过改 变筋板和外壁厚度，得到滑枕变形量和重量与他们的关系，最后确定最佳的优化方案， 调整筋板位置，厚度由原来的 30mm 变化现在的 27mm，滑枕壁厚从原来的 30mm 变 为 26mm，修改后的滑枕重量为 1935.3kg，减重 5.8%。并且仍然保持着良好的刚度和 强度，完全满足加工要求。
II
The analysis and optimization of ram of large floor boring and milling machine
Hale Waihona Puke Abstractthickness changed from 30mm to 27mm, wall thickness changed from 30mm 26mm, the
硕士学位论文
论文题目
大型落地镗铣床滑枕的分析与优化
研究生姓名 指导教师姓名 专业名称 研究方向 论文提交日期
华小龙 郭旭红 机械制造及其自动化 机床有限元分析与研究 2014 年 4 月
大型落地镗铣床滑枕的分析与优化
中文摘要
中文摘要
工业作为衡量一个国家的标准，在现代社会中已经显得越来越重要，而现代化装 备业则是工业的重要组成部分之一，数控机床发展到如今有些方面和国外还是有一定 的差距，如何提高加工精度和可靠性是每位技术研究者所要面对的问题。本文研究的 滑枕正是大型机床非常重要的一个部件，其运行的直线度和本身的静动态特性将会直 接影响零件的加工性能。
第二章 滑枕液体静压导轨的设计与分析 .......................................................................8 2.1 导轨概述 .....................................................................................................................8 2.2 液体静压导轨基本理论 ..............................................................................................9 2.2.1 液体静压导轨的工作原理....................................................................................9 2.2.2 液体静压导轨的特性..........................................................................................10 2.3 液体静压导轨分类 ...................................................................................................12 2.3.1 液体静压导轨的结构分类..................................................................................12 2.3.2 液体静压导轨的供油方式分类.........................................................................14 2.4 滑枕恒压供油闭式静压直线导轨的设计 ...............................................................17 2.4.1 滑枕静压导轨的设计参数.................................................................................17 2.4.2 滑枕偏移对静压导轨性能的影响分析.............................................................22 2.5 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................25
Before optimizing the ram, the paper conducted the topology optimization firstly, also identifing the regions of material which can be removed. By changing the ribs and the thickness of outer wall, the relationship of strain and weight were gotten, and finally the best optimization program were determined, by adjusting the position of the ribs, the
本文针对静压导轨的特性进行了相关介绍，综合了主轴箱-滑枕的结构特性，对 油垫的分布做了确定，利用滑枕重量及相关参数，得到了各油垫的相关尺寸以及初始 压力分布，然后对滑枕的偏移与油腔承载力、刚度、流量的关系进行了计算，得到其 曲线关系，最后得出滑枕在偏移率小于 0.2 内，符合了设计相关要求，而且保证了滑 枕运行时的直线度。
With Solidworks modeling ram, and through empirical formulas, the boring and milling force under different conditions were gotten. During the static analysis, considering the influence of the spindle and its attachments, for the different speed and cutterhead diameter, with the analysis of ANSYS Workbench, the ram deformation values were gotten. During the dynamic analysis of ram, analogging film stiffness into spring, then the six modal were gotten. With transient analysis, the graph of the stress of cutting forces and ram deformation in three directions over time were obtained. Its maximum stress value is small, the design was conservative, so the ram had the space of optimization.
modified ram weight was 1935.3kg, loss 5.8%. And the ram still maintained a great
stiffness and strength, fully met the processing requirements.
Keywords: ram, hydrostatic guideways, static analysis, dynamic analysis, optimization
Industry as a measure of a country's standard, which has become increasingly important in modern society, and equipment is an important part of modern industry. Now the development of CNC machine tools is far behind abroad in some respects of technology, how to improve the precision and reliability of machining is an issue that every technology researcher have to face. Ram is a very important part of large machine in this study, the straightness of operation and the characteristics of static and dynamic will affect the processing performance parts directly.
In this paper, the characteristics of hydrostatic guideway were introduced. With the combination of the headstock-ram structural characteristics, the distribution of oil pad were determined. By the weight of ram and related parameters, the oil pad size and distribution of initial pressure were gotten, then the relationship between the offset of the ram and the oil chamber capacity, stiffness, the rate of flow was calculated, and obtain the curvilinear relationship, Finally the conclusion was that the ram of the offset less than 0.2, it satisfied the demands of designing, and also ensured the straightness.
应用 Solidworks 软件对滑枕进行建模，通过经验公式得到了不同工况下的铣削力 与镗削力，在进行静力分析时，考虑了主轴及其附件的影响，针对不同转速及刀盘直 径，运用 ANSYS Workbench 分析，得到滑枕变形值，另外在动态分析时把油膜刚度 模拟成弹簧，得出前 6 阶模态，瞬态分析得到了在切削力作用下其应力值与滑枕三个 方向上的变形随时间变化的曲线，其最大应力值较小，设计趋于保守，具有优化的空 间。
Written by: Hua Xiaolong Supervised by: Guo Xuhong
III
目录
第一章 绪 论 .....................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题背景与意义 ..........................................................................................................1 1.2 滑枕静压导轨国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................3 1.3 研究的内容及方法 ......................................................................................................5 1.4 课题来源 .....................................................................................................................6
关键词：滑枕，静压导轨，静态分析，动态分析，优化
作 者：华小龙 指导教师：郭旭红
I
Abstract
The analysis and optimization of ram of large floor boring and milling machine
The analysis and optimization of ram of large floor boring and milling machine Abstract
II
The analysis and optimization of ram of large floor boring and milling machine
Hale Waihona Puke Abstractthickness changed from 30mm to 27mm, wall thickness changed from 30mm 26mm, the
硕士学位论文
论文题目
大型落地镗铣床滑枕的分析与优化
研究生姓名 指导教师姓名 专业名称 研究方向 论文提交日期
华小龙 郭旭红 机械制造及其自动化 机床有限元分析与研究 2014 年 4 月
大型落地镗铣床滑枕的分析与优化
中文摘要
中文摘要
工业作为衡量一个国家的标准，在现代社会中已经显得越来越重要，而现代化装 备业则是工业的重要组成部分之一，数控机床发展到如今有些方面和国外还是有一定 的差距，如何提高加工精度和可靠性是每位技术研究者所要面对的问题。本文研究的 滑枕正是大型机床非常重要的一个部件，其运行的直线度和本身的静动态特性将会直 接影响零件的加工性能。
第二章 滑枕液体静压导轨的设计与分析 .......................................................................8 2.1 导轨概述 .....................................................................................................................8 2.2 液体静压导轨基本理论 ..............................................................................................9 2.2.1 液体静压导轨的工作原理....................................................................................9 2.2.2 液体静压导轨的特性..........................................................................................10 2.3 液体静压导轨分类 ...................................................................................................12 2.3.1 液体静压导轨的结构分类..................................................................................12 2.3.2 液体静压导轨的供油方式分类.........................................................................14 2.4 滑枕恒压供油闭式静压直线导轨的设计 ...............................................................17 2.4.1 滑枕静压导轨的设计参数.................................................................................17 2.4.2 滑枕偏移对静压导轨性能的影响分析.............................................................22 2.5 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................25
Before optimizing the ram, the paper conducted the topology optimization firstly, also identifing the regions of material which can be removed. By changing the ribs and the thickness of outer wall, the relationship of strain and weight were gotten, and finally the best optimization program were determined, by adjusting the position of the ribs, the
本文针对静压导轨的特性进行了相关介绍，综合了主轴箱-滑枕的结构特性，对 油垫的分布做了确定，利用滑枕重量及相关参数，得到了各油垫的相关尺寸以及初始 压力分布，然后对滑枕的偏移与油腔承载力、刚度、流量的关系进行了计算，得到其 曲线关系，最后得出滑枕在偏移率小于 0.2 内，符合了设计相关要求，而且保证了滑 枕运行时的直线度。
With Solidworks modeling ram, and through empirical formulas, the boring and milling force under different conditions were gotten. During the static analysis, considering the influence of the spindle and its attachments, for the different speed and cutterhead diameter, with the analysis of ANSYS Workbench, the ram deformation values were gotten. During the dynamic analysis of ram, analogging film stiffness into spring, then the six modal were gotten. With transient analysis, the graph of the stress of cutting forces and ram deformation in three directions over time were obtained. Its maximum stress value is small, the design was conservative, so the ram had the space of optimization.
modified ram weight was 1935.3kg, loss 5.8%. And the ram still maintained a great
stiffness and strength, fully met the processing requirements.
Keywords: ram, hydrostatic guideways, static analysis, dynamic analysis, optimization
Industry as a measure of a country's standard, which has become increasingly important in modern society, and equipment is an important part of modern industry. Now the development of CNC machine tools is far behind abroad in some respects of technology, how to improve the precision and reliability of machining is an issue that every technology researcher have to face. Ram is a very important part of large machine in this study, the straightness of operation and the characteristics of static and dynamic will affect the processing performance parts directly.
In this paper, the characteristics of hydrostatic guideway were introduced. With the combination of the headstock-ram structural characteristics, the distribution of oil pad were determined. By the weight of ram and related parameters, the oil pad size and distribution of initial pressure were gotten, then the relationship between the offset of the ram and the oil chamber capacity, stiffness, the rate of flow was calculated, and obtain the curvilinear relationship, Finally the conclusion was that the ram of the offset less than 0.2, it satisfied the demands of designing, and also ensured the straightness.
应用 Solidworks 软件对滑枕进行建模，通过经验公式得到了不同工况下的铣削力 与镗削力，在进行静力分析时，考虑了主轴及其附件的影响，针对不同转速及刀盘直 径，运用 ANSYS Workbench 分析，得到滑枕变形值，另外在动态分析时把油膜刚度 模拟成弹簧，得出前 6 阶模态，瞬态分析得到了在切削力作用下其应力值与滑枕三个 方向上的变形随时间变化的曲线，其最大应力值较小，设计趋于保守，具有优化的空 间。
Written by: Hua Xiaolong Supervised by: Guo Xuhong
III
目录
第一章 绪 论 .....................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题背景与意义 ..........................................................................................................1 1.2 滑枕静压导轨国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................3 1.3 研究的内容及方法 ......................................................................................................5 1.4 课题来源 .....................................................................................................................6
关键词：滑枕，静压导轨，静态分析，动态分析，优化
作 者：华小龙 指导教师：郭旭红
I
Abstract
The analysis and optimization of ram of large floor boring and milling machine
The analysis and optimization of ram of large floor boring and milling machine Abstract