【考点梳理 中考英语总复习】考点16 现在完成时(原卷版)

考点16 现在完成时
常见考法：
对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。

在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查＂瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用＂这一知识点。

现在完成时基本结构：
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）过去分词变化规则如下：
1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

变化规则有四点：
（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。

work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited
（2）以＂e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。

live→lived→lived
（3）以＂辅音字母+ y ＂结尾的动词，将＂y＂变为＂i＂，再加＂-ed ＂。

study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried
（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。

stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped
2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。

cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit
现在完成时用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。

也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo.
我已经把照片寄走了。

强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。

2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。

如：
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。

(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。

)
注意：for和since的用法。

①for + 时间段译为：……时间
②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)
③since + 时间段+ ago
④since + 从句(过去时)
⑤It is + 时间段+ since + 从句(过去时)
注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。

变化如下：
come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over
open→be open die→be dead buy→have
Fall ill→be ill Come back→be back Put on→be on/wear Worry→be worried Catch a cold→have a cold
现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。

1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。

如：
We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。

We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。

从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。

2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。

如：
I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。

How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。

3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。

如：
How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？
The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.
那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。

Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？
The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.
迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。

注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in
2002, three days ago等
现在完成时与一般过去时区别
1. 侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。

如：
I have seen the film.
我看过这部电影。

（现在我仍记得电影的内容）
I saw the film three days ago.
三天前我看了这部电影。

（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）
Mr Green has bought a new computer.
格林先生买了一台新电脑。

（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.
格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。

（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）
2. 时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。

如：
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。

She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。

He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。

Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。

一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．We ________ (study) in this school for over two years.
2．Don’t you think you _________ (lie) to me enough? Don’t do that again and be a good boy. 3．So far, China ________ (win) much high praise from many other countries around the world. 4．The disease ________ (spread) at a surprising high speed in the past five years.
5．China _________ (send) the 54th Beidou navigation satellite into space. It shows our advanced technology in exploring outer space.
6．Recently, the double reduction policy (双减政策) ________ (attract) the public. It leaves more free time for the students to improve their abilities.
7．—How wonderfully Langlang is playing the piano!
—Exactly! He ________ (practise) thousands of times.
8.I ________ (read) the storybook twice. It’s really interesting.
9．Some primary and middle schools have ________ (add) winter sports to their courses. 10．What people want cannot always be ________ (express) in money.
11．—Did you watch the movie Oliver Twist last weekend?
—No, but I ________ the novel.
A．read B．have read C．had read 12．Thanks to his English teacher, Jim ________ great progress since he came to this school. A．is making B．has made C．made
13．—Look! How tidy our school hall is!
—Yeah. The volunteers ________ it carefully to welcome the new pupils.
A．will clean B．have cleaned C．clean D．were cleaning 14．— Excuse me, sir. Can I get my phone back?
— Sure, I ________ it.
A．have repaired B．will repair C．am repairing D．repaired 15．With the help of Wenzhou Government, we _______ the new lift to our building. My grandparents don’t need to climb the stairs any more.
A．add B．will add C．have added D．are adding 16．—Ms. Miller ________ our papers. Look! I got an “A”.
— Good job!
A．checks B．is checking C．will check D．has checked 17．His grandfather ________ for twenty years.
A．died B．has died C．has dead D．has been dead 18．— It takes ages to find you. Where are you?
— What a shame! I ________ at home because of being closely connected with the Covid-19 carrier.
A．will be B．have been C．stayed D．will stay 19．—Excuse me. What is the Trip Code used for?
—It’s used to show where we ________ over the last 14 days.
A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 20．—You’re late. The film The Battle at Lake Changjin _________ for twenty minutes. —Sorry, I just answered a call from mum.
A．began B．was on C．has begun D．has been on 21．（2022·西藏·中考真题）So far, they ________ (work) here for 10 years.
22．（2022·贵州安顺·中考真题）As President Xi Jinping has ever _________ (say), “Clear water and green mountains are as valuable as gold.”
23．（2022·湖南常德·中考真题）We also look for ways to review what we ________ (learn) since three years ago.
24．（2022·广西·中考真题）Robert has ________ (spend) three days preparing for his match. 25．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）My teacher has __________ me to treat older people with respect in the past few years. (teach)
26．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）Zhai Zhigang, together with Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu
________ (have) returned from the space station safely.
27．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）Fan Jinshi ________ (do) a lot to protect Dunhuang culture for many years.
28．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Our country ________（change）a lot since the CPC was founded 100 years ago.
29．（2019·西藏·中考真题）We ________ already ________ (clean) the room. 30．（2017·江苏无锡·中考真题）How about going to the cinema tomorrow? We ________（not be）there for a while.
二、单项选择
31．（2022·广西桂林·中考真题）The Greens ________ in Guilin for six years.
A．have lived B．lived C．live
32．（2022·四川四川·中考真题）Tom, you ________ in this city since 2019. What do you think of it?
A．have lived B．live C．lived D．will live 33．（2022·上海·中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June.
A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done 34．（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）Millie ________ a lot about sea-salt culture since she came to Yancheng.
A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 35．（2022·四川·巴中市教育科学研究所中考真题）—It’s reported that a new h igh-speed railway will be finished in recent years in our hometown, Bazhong.
—Yes. Great changes ________ since I worked here.
A．will take place B．were taken place C．have taken place D．took place 36．（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）David has worked here for 10 years since he ________ from university.
A．graduates B．graduated C．has graduated D．will graduate
37．（2022·江苏南通·中考真题）—Mike, why do you come here so late? The concert ________ since half an hour ago.
—What a pity! No wonder all the singers have left.
A．has ended B．has been on C．has started D．has been over 38．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）—It’s a pity that there is no ticket for sale.
—Don’t worry. I _______ the tickets.
A．am buying B．buy C．was buying D．have bought 39．（2022·山东滨州·中考真题）— What is the Trip Code (行程码) used for？
—It’s us ed to show where you ________ in the last 14 days.
A．were B．will be C．have been D．had been 40．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Our school life ________ a lot since 2021. We have more activities now.
A．change B．is changing C．has changed D．will change 41．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）Sally ________ with a Chinese family since she came to Dalian. A．stays B．will stay C．has stayed D．was staying 42．（2022·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）The Art of War is great and I________ it many times so far. A．read B．have read C．am reading D．will read 43．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Your watch is so cool! When did you get it?
—On my 12th birthday. I ________ it for 3 years.
A．bought B．have had C．have bought 44．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）David is very productive and ________ five books in the past ten years.
A．writes B．wrote
C．has written D．is writing
45．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）—I ________ in London for many years.
—You have never regretted moving back to China, have you?
A．lived B．was living C．have lived 46．（2022·北京·中考真题）Jim _________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school.
A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 47．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Christine ________ the family’s Sunday lunch since she was 12 years old.
A．cooks B．cooked C．will cook D．has cooked 48．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mike, why are you standing outdoors?
—I ______ my keys. I have to wait here until my mother comes back.
A．have lost B．will lose C．had lost D．lose 49．（2022·河北·中考真题）Sorry, I ________ a mistake. Let me correct it.
A．will make B．am making C．was making D．have made 50．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）—Mike is from America but speaks perfect Chinese. —So he does. He has learned Chinese by himself since he ________ college.
A．is attending B．has attended C．attended
51．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）—Helen, why are you still in the classroom?
—I ________ my note, Mr. Lee.
A．didn’t finish B．haven’t finishe d C．won’t finish 52．（2022·海南·二模）The three astronauts (宇航员) of Shenzhou XIII ________ back to Earth successfully.
A．will return B．is returning C．have returned 53．（2022·黑龙江大庆·模拟预测）Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics（残奥会）started, Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon ________ popular.
A．became B．has been C．have been 54．（2022·四川省成都市七中育才学校三模）The COVID-19 has lasted a long time and we
________ a lot of things since the beginning of 2020.
A．have experienced B．experienced C．had experienced 55．（2022·四川乐山·一模）—Why are you in such a hurry?
—Because the class ________ for 10 minutes.
A．has begun B．begins C．has been on 56．（2022·西藏拉萨·二模）He has ______ twice.
A．gone abroad B．to abroad C．been abroad D．been to abroad 57．（2022·福建·莆田砺青中学一模）Recently, Liu Genghong _______ popular from the fitness wave on Douyin.
A．became B．has become C．is becoming 58．（2022·福建·莆田砺青中学一模）—Is that young man in black Michael?
—No, It ______ be him. He has gone to Shanghai.
A．can’t B．may C．mustn’t
59．（2022·四川成都·二模）—What books did you read last year?
—I ________ The Old Man and the Sea since last term, and now the third time.
A．read B．am reading C．have read 60．（2022·四川·泸州市江阳区枫叶佳德学校一模）—I’d like you to tell me something about
Shen Nongjia.
—I’m sorry, but neither Jack nor I ________ there.
A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone 61．（2022·福建厦门·二模）Liu Genghong suddenly became a hit and his sports videos ________ over 100 million times.
A．watched B．were watched C．were watching 62．（2022·福建厦门·二模）—What did you sell on the school second-hand sale?
—The model rocket. I ________ it for two years.
A．had B．have C．have had 63．（2022·福建省福州屏东中学二模）— Excuse me, can you lend your bike to me? —Sorry, it’s not here. Jack ________ it for a week.
A．has kept B．has borrowed C．has lent 64．（2022·四川凉山·一模）—You are late, Jim. The movie Dancing with Lions ________ for about half an hour.
—I’m sorry, Lily. The traffic is heavy.
A．has begun B．began C．has been on D．was on 65．（2022·四川·富顺第三中学校二模）—I didn’t go back to my hometown for Spring Festival because of COVID-19.
— ________. This is the most special festival that I ________.
A．So did I; spent B．Neither did I; have spent C．Neither did I; spent 66．（2022·福建省福州屏东中学二模）—It seems you are an old team member. But when did you join the team?
—I ________ for ten years.
A．joined the team B．have joined the team C．have been in the team 67．（2022·四川·泸州市江阳区枫叶佳德学校三模）—Your mother isn’t at home. Where is she?—She ________ to Luzhou.
A．has gone B．has been C．have gone D．had been 68．（2022·福建·福州三牧中学一模）—Have you prepared for the coming fashion show? —Yes. We ________ many special clothes for two weeks.
A．have had B．have bought C．have borrowed 69．（2022·福建·模拟预测）Mr. Smith can speak Chinese so well. He ________ in China for ten years.
A．has lived B．lives C．lived
70．（2022·福建·厦门市莲花中学二模）China ________ the goal of becoming a museum powerhouse by 2035.
A．is set B．has set C．had set。