(湖北专用)【优化方案】高中英语 Unit 3 Section Ⅱ 速效提能演练 新人教版选修10

（湖北专用）【优化方案】高中英语 Unit 3 Section Ⅱ速效提能演
练新人教版选修10
Ⅰ.词汇知识
1.____________ (v. & adj.)分开；分离；分割；单独的；独立的；分开的→____________(adv.)→____________(n.)分离；分开→separatist (n.)分离主义者；独立主义者
2.____________ (v.)想要；希望(n.)意愿；心愿→
____________ (adv.)愿意的；乐意的→willingly (adv.)→____________(adv.)不愿意地；勉强地
3.punctual adj.守时的；准时的→____________ (n.)→____________(adv.)
4.coincidence (n.)巧合(的事)→____________(n.)同时发生→____________(adj.)在同一地方发生的；同时发生的
5.abuse (n. & v．)滥用；虐待；辱骂→____________(adj.)辱骂的；毁谤的；虐待的
6.pavement (n.)人行道→____________(n.)(同义词)
7.____________(n.)祈祷→____________(n.)祈祷
8.constitution (n.)宪法→____________(adj.)→____________(n.)立宪主义→
____________(n.)符合宪法
9.happy adj.高兴的；快乐的→____________(n.)幸福；快乐→____________(adv.)→
____________(adj.)(反义词)
10.公民的，国民的；文明的____________(adj.)→____________(n.)→____________(n.) 答案：1.separate；separately；separation 2.will；willing；unwillingly 3. punctuality；punctually 4.coincide；coincident
5.abusive
6.sidewalk
7.pray；prayer
8.constitutional；constitutionalism；constitutionality
9.happiness；happ ily；unhappy 10.civil；civilization；civilize Ⅱ.重点短语
1.seize ________ 抓住；利用
2.________ to church 去做礼拜
3.fight ________ 同……作斗争
4.________ the basis of 以……为根据
5.________tradition 按照惯例/规矩/传统
6.be ________to do sth. 不愿意做某事
7.decide ________ a collision course 决定对……进行一次冲突
8.be accustomed to ________sth. 习惯于做某事
9.________ the law 触犯法律
10.________ coincidence 偶然地；巧合的是
11.be punctual ________ 准时……
12.________ all 毕竟；终究
答案：1.on 2.go 3.against 4.on 5.by 6.unwilling 7.on 8.doing 9.break 10.by 11.for 12.after
Ⅲ.必背句型
1.________________ an answer to a prayer!
答案：It seemed like
2.Serena came home to say ________ the news ________ the boycott was over was going to be all over the newspapers tomorrow.
答案：that；that
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.I’ve always hated ________________ during the rush hour，so I’ll happy to take
a taxi.(take)
我总是厌恶在高峰期挤公交车，因此我还是乐意打的。

答案：having to take a bus
2.If I were Rosa，I’m not sure if I ________________ enough courage to refuse to move for the white.(have)
如果我是罗莎，我不能确定是否我会有足够的勇气拒绝挪地方为白人让座。

答案：would have had
3.________________ he came to China that he could see the Great Wall.(until)
他来中国之后才看到万里长城。

答案：It was not until
4.Adopting the suggestion ________________，the headmaster report ed the plan to the Bureau of Education at once.(build)
采纳了应该建个实验室的建议，校长立刻把这项计划汇报给教育局。

答案：that a lab (should) be built
5.As early as his second film，Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting，the one that ________________ world famous.(become)
早在他拍第二部电影时，卓别林就形成了自己的表演风格，那个注定会成为世界著名的风格。

答案：was to become/was bound to become
Ⅱ.多项选择
1.Because of long­time ________ from other continents，Australia owns its special animals.
A．separation B．division
C．movement D．connection
解析：选A。

separation from 与……分离，分开。

division分配；分裂；movement移动；运动；connection联系；联结。

2.He was suddenly ________ with a strange illness when he was about to finish his work.
A．seized B．caught
C．hit D．controlled
解析：选A。

be seized with患(疾病)。

3.Free love has replaced the ________ that marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
A．manner B．tradition
C．culture D．attitude
解析：选B。

tradition传统；惯例。

4.Being ________ for classes was essential，no one was allowed to be late. A．present B．punctual
C．careful D．active
解析：选B。

句意：按时到校上课是最基本的要求，任何人都不允许迟到。

punctual准时的；守时的。

be present at 出席；active积极的；活跃的。

5.It can’t be a(n) ________ that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. A．coincidence B．accident
C．incident D．chance
解析：选A。

coincidence巧合；巧合的事。

accident事故；incident事件；chance机会。

6.The most important law court is called the ________ Court.
A．Super B．Superb
C．Superior D．Supreme
解析：选D。

supreme至高的；最高的；super极好的；superb华丽的；极好的；superior 上级的；较高的；上等的。

7.Fresh air is ________ to good health，which of the following is WRONG? A．fundamental B．basic
C．good D．essential
解析：选C。

be fundamental/basic/essential/to... 对……必不可少的。

be good for sth. 对……有好处。

8.Mother ________ the children to play computer games.
A．forbids B．prohibits
C．prevents D．bans
解析：选A。

forbid sb. to do sth.＝forbid sb. from doing sth.允许，禁止某人干某事，forbid一般指私人下令或制定规则予以禁止；prohibit sb. from doing sth.指以法律或正式的规则禁止；ban sb. from doing sth.一般指政府明文规定的禁止，禁令。

9.He ________ himself to a search by the guards.
A．transmitted B．transferred
C．submitted D．transformed
解析：选C。

句意：他只好让卫兵搜查。

submit(oneself) to服从；屈服。

transmit传送；transfer转移；transform变形。

10.When the results were published，newspapers around the world ________ them as proof that global warmin g isn’t really happening.
A．caught in B．caught up with
C．seized on D．seized hold of
解析：选C。

seize on/upon突然大为关注；抓住(可利用的事物)。

Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
UN Health Agency Says Breastf eeding Can Save Babies’ Lives.
The World Health Organization says exclusive breastfeeding
can save millions of infant lives every year.As World
Breastfeeding Week gets underway，W.H.O.and its partners are
promoting mother’s milk as the best way to give babies a
healthy start in life.
W．H.O.recommends exclusively breastfeeding babies until they are six months of age.And it says continued breastfeeding up to two years of age and beyond will greatly reduce child deaths caused by infection and malnutrition(营养不良) in developing countries.
W．H.O estimates 3.5 million children die every year of malnutrition.It says up to 1.5 million children could be saved by increasing breastfeeding.That’s because mother’s milk contains important nutrients，vitamins and minerals that are found nowhere else.And these provide immunities (免疫力) against a host of infections and diseases.It defends the baby against all the potential microbia that can affect him.So，that is why the child will have less episodes of diarrhea(腹泻)，will have less experiences with respiratory infections and also less likely to die because of common childhood illnesses，especially diarrhea and pneumonia(肺炎)．
W．H.O.acknowledges that breastfeeding may not be appropriate in all cases.For instance，if a mother is HIV­positive，she could transmit the disease to her baby through breastfeeding.It might be better for mothers to choose formula milk. According to the environment，the risk of t he baby dying because of other illnesses，other infections diseases might be a lot higher than before.For example，many developing countries do not have safe water and mixing polluted water with powdered formula is a common cause of death among infants.
W．H.Oysays mother’s milk is best everywhere in the world，in rich and poor countries alike.New studies show breastfeeding can protect children against chronic(慢性的)diseases later in life.Breast fed babies are at lower risk of getting high blood pressure，high cholesterol，of becoming very fat and of developing type 2 diabetes.
1.What does the unde rlined word “respiratory” in the third paragraph mean? A．of stomach B．of breathing
C．of brain D．of lung
解析：选B。

下文的especially diarrhea and pneumonia可知这里的respiratory不是指胃部而应该是呼吸方面的疾病。

2.Exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of the following diseases EXCEPT________．
A．malnutrition and high cholesterol
B．diarrhea and blood pressure
C．pneumonia and type 2 diabetes
D．heart attack and pneumonia
解析：选D。

细节判断题。

由第二、三段以及最后一段可知母乳喂养可降低婴儿患营养不良、腹泻、肺炎、高血压、高胆固醇和二型糖尿病的几率。

而文中没有说心脏病。

3.From the passage we can know________．
A．all the babies should be fed with mother’s milk
B．mother’s milk can not transmit disease to babies
C．breast fed babies have less chance to get some diseases than others
D．the longer exclusive breastfeeding is，the more healthy the babies are in every country
解析：选C。

推理判断题。

由第四段可知A、B项是错误的；由第二段可知D项是错误的；由最后一段的“Breast fed babies are at lower risk of getting high blood pressure，
high cholesterol，of becoming very fat and of developing type 2 diabetes.”可知C项是正确的。

4.The main idea of the passage is that________．
A．exclusive breastfeeding can save babies’ lives
B．millions of babies die of malnutrition in developing
countries
C．breastfeeding may not be appropriate in all cases
D．breastfeeding can protect children against chronic
diseases
解析：选A。

主旨归纳题。

文章第一段首句给出了全文的主题：母乳喂养可降低婴儿的死亡率。

而B、C、D项是文章的部分内容。

B
Dr.Martin Luther King
It was December 1955，and Martin Luther King had just received his doctorate degree in theology.He had moved to Montgomery，Alabama to preach (讲道) at a Baptist church.He saw there，as in many other southern states，that African­Americans had to ride in the back of public buses，Dr.King knew that this law violated the rights of every African­American.He organized and led a boycott of the public buses in the city of Montgomery.Any person，black or white，who was a lgainst segregation (种族隔离) refused to use public transportation.Those people who boycotted were threatened or attacked by other people；or even arrested or jailed by the police.After 382 days of boycotting the bus system，the Supreme Court declared that the Alabama State segregation law was unconstitutional.
African­Americans were not only segregated on buses throughout the South.Equal housing was denied to them，and seating in many hotels and restaurants are refused. In 1957，Dr.King founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (南方基督教领导会议) and moved back to his hometown of Atlanta，Georgia.This was the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement.In the following years，he continued to organize non ­violent protests against unequal treatment of African­American people.His philosophy remained peaceful，and he const antly reminded his followers that their fight would be victorious if they did not resort to bloodshed.Nonetheless，he and his demonstrators were often threatened and attacked.Demonstrations which began peacefully often ended up in violence，and he and many others were often arrested. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed.It was not the first law of civil rights for Americans，but it was the most thorough and effective.The Act guaranteed equal rights in housing，public facilities，voting and public schools.Everyone would have impartial hearings (申诉的机会) and jury trials.A civil rights commission wo uld ensure that these laws were enforced.Dr.Martin Luther King and thousands of others now knew that they had not struggled in vain.In the same year Dr.King won Nobel Peace Prize for leading nonviolent demonstrations.
In 1968，Dr.Martin Luther King was assassinated while he was leading a wor kers’ strike in Memphis，Tennessee，white people and black people who had worked so hard for peace and civil rights were shocked and angry.The world was in deep sorrow at
the loss of this man of peace.
Dr.Martin Luther King’s death did not slow the Civil Rig hts Movement.Black and white people continued to fight for freedom and equality.
5.Which is the beginning of Civil Rights Movement?
A．The boycott of the public buses in the city of Montgomery.
B．The establishment of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference by Dr.King. C．The pass of the Civil Rights Act.
D．The assassination of Dr.King in 1968.
解析：选B。

本题的答案在文章中的第三段的第二句中，“This was the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement.”
6.Which is true according to the passage?
A．Only black people (African­Americans) fought for freedom and equality. B．Dr.King won Nobel Prize for leading demonstrations.
C．Dr.King was assassinated in Montgomery.
D．The death of Dr.King threw the world in deep sorrow.
解析：选D。

本题属于判断题，选项A不够完整，不仅仅是黑人为了自由和平等斗争，一些白种人也和他们站在同一战线上，这在文章的第一段“Any person，black or white，who was against...”。

选项B也不完整，Dr.King是因领导non­violent demonstration而获得的诺贝尔奖，这在文章中的第四段的最后一句，C项错误，Dr.King是在Tennessee被杀害，这在文章倒数第二段的第一句中。

7.Which of the following is not the segregation suffered by the black?
A．They had to ride in the back of public buses.
B．They were denied equal housing.
C．They were refused to go to school.
D．They were not allowed to eat in many restaurants.
解析：选C。

本题属于细节题。

在文章的第二段中，其中包括A、B、D，C项在文章中没有提到。

8.Which of the following is the way in which Dr.King fought for equality? A．He led African­Americans to fight with violence.
B．He fought in a nonviolent way.
C．He fought by writing papers.
D．He led them to kill officials.
解析：选B。

本题在文章的第三段Dr.King倡导非暴力运动，这一信息可以从“His philosophy remained peaceful，...their fight would be victorious if they did not resort to bloodshed”。