精校解析Word版---天津市耀华中学2018-2019学年高二上学期期末考试英语

天津市耀华中学2018-2019学年度第一学期期末考试
高二年级英语学科试卷
第I卷(60分)
★ 请同学们将试题答案填涂在答题卡上
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷 (选择题) 和第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题) 两部分, 共100分, 考试时间100分钟, 第Ⅰ卷1页至7页, 第Ⅱ卷8页至9页。

答卷前, 请务必将自己的姓名、考号、座号填写在答题卡上和密封线外相关位置。

答卷时, 务必将答案涂写在答题卡上, 答在试卷上的无效。

考试结束后, 将答题卡和答题纸一并收回。

祝各位同学考试顺利！
第一部分:听力理解(共两节, 满分10分)
第一节 (共5小题, 每小题1分, 满分5分)
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

第二部分:英语知识运用 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节:单项填空 (共10小题；每小题0.5分, 满分5分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

16.The square was so named ______ a famous black leader in history.
A. in honor of
B. in search of
C. in face of
D. in favor of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。

句意：这个广场是以纪念历史上一位著名的黑人领袖而命名的。

A. in honor of以纪念；
B. in search of寻找；
C. in face of面对；
D. in favor of赞同，根据题意，故选A。

17.It is in the factory ______ you’re going to pay a visit to ______ this kind of computer is made.
A. that; which
B. where; that
C. / ; that
D. / ; where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。

句意：正是在你将要参观的这家工厂，这种计算机被制造。

______ you’re going to pay a visit to是一个定语从句，先行词是the factory，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，可以省略；去掉It is和第二个空，这个句子结构完整，语义清晰，所以这个句子是一个强调句，强调句的基本结构是：it is / was + 被强调部分+ that + 句子的其他成分，所以第二个空用that，故选C。

18.There was no light in the room and it took me a few seconds to ______ the darkness.
A. lead to
B. appeal to
C. tend to
D. adjust to
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：房间里没有灯光，我花了几秒钟的时间来适应黑暗。

A. lead to导致；
B. appeal to呼吁；
C. tend to趋向；
D. adjust to调整以适应，根据题意，故选D。

19.The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street, ______ a small red cap.
A. each of them was wearing
B. they each wore
C. everyone wore
D. each wearing
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：男学生和女学生正沿着街道走，每个人都戴着一顶小红帽。

A、B两项结构正确，若选A或B，则必须用and连接或把“，”改为“；”，wearing作状语，表伴随。

故选D。

20.—David, when will you pay a visit to California?
—I can’t decide at present. ______.
A. It’s up to you.
B. It just depends.
C. Take your time.
D. Don’t worry.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情景对话。

句意：——大卫，你什么时候去加州参观? ——我现在还不能决定。

这要看情况而定。

A. It’s up to you.由你决定；B. It just depends. 这要看情况而定；C. Take your time. 慢慢来；D. Don’t worry. 别担心，根据题意，故选B。

21.—I’m sure Susan will win first pl ace in the contest ______ next week.
—I agree with you. She is excellent and ______ for it for several months.
A. will be held; was preparing
B. held; prepares
C. to be held; has been preparing
D. being held; had prepared
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式和时态。

句意：——我相信苏珊会在下周举行的比赛中获得第一名。

——我同意你的看法。

她很优秀，并且已经准备了好几个月了。

表示将要发生的事情，用不定式作定语；第二个空表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作，用现在完成进行时，故选C。

22.He is one of the students ______ selected to take part in the context.
A. whose is
B. which are
C. as is
D. who are
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句的关系词和主谓一致。

句意：他是被选中参加这个项目的学生之一。

______ selected to take part in the context.是一个定语从句，先行词是the students，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，用who，关系词指代先行词，是复数，谓语动词用复数，故选D。

23.Tourists should keep in mind that they are representing their motherland while abroad, so they need be _______ about their behaviour.
A. envious
B. cautious
C. previous
D. precious
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。

句意：游客应该记住，他们在国外代表着他们的祖国，所以他们需要小心自己的行为。

A. envious嫉妒的；B. cautious小心的；C. previous早先的；D. precious 宝贵的，故选B。

24.—You _______ to Joey. It was his fault.
—The rea son why I did so was that I didn’t want to lose my friend.
A. mustn’t apologize
B. didn’t need to apologize
C. shouldn’t apologize
D. needn’t have apologized
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。

句意：——你本不必向Joey道歉的。

这是他的错。

——我这样做的原因是我不想失去我的朋友。

A. mustn’t apologize禁止道歉；B. didn’t need to apologize不需要道歉；C. shouldn’t apologize不应该道歉；D. needn’t have apologized本不需要道歉，题干中表示“本来不需要做某事却做了（对过去的虚拟）”，故选D。

25.Although ______ the support of the banks, Mike managed to save his company with the help of his friends.
A. lacking
B. lacked
C. being lacking
D. being lacked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：虽然没有银行的支持，Mike还是在朋友们的帮助下挽救了公司。

lack的逻辑主语是Mike，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故选A。

第二节:完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分, 满分20分)
阅读短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new___26___in high school.
___27___, high school was different. In the first week, Jenna went to tryouts(选拔赛) for cheerleaders(拉拉队队员). She was competing against very talented girls, and she knew it would be___28___for her to be selected. Two hours later, the___29___read a list of the girls for a second tryout. Her heart___30___as the list ended without her name. Feeling___31___, she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework.
Arriving home, she started with math. She had always been a good math student, but now she was___32___She moved on to English and history, and was___33___to find that she didn’t have any trouble with those subjects. Feeling better, she decided not to___34___math for the time being.
The next day Jenna went to see Mrs. Biden about being on the school___35___Mrs. Biden wasn’t as___36___as Jenna. “I’m sorry, but we have enough___37___for the newspaper already. Come back next yea r and we’ll talk then.” Jenna smiled___38___and left. “Why is high school
so___39___?” she sighed.
Later in___40___class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems that had given her so much___41___By the end of class, she understood how to get them right. As she gathered her books, Jenna decided she’d continue to try to___42___at her new school. She wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but she knew she had to___43___High school was just as her mom had said: “You will feel like a small fish in a big pond___44___a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the___45___fish you can be.”
26. A. processes B. decision C. challenges D. exercises
27. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides
28. A. difficult B. easy C. boring D. interesting
29. A. editor B. boss C. candidate D. judge
30. A. jumped B. sank C. stopped D. raced
31. A. strange B. happy C. awful D. lonely
32. A. struggling B. improving C. working D. complaining
33. A. ashamed B. disappointed C. shocked D. relieved
34. A. put up B. prepare for C. worry about D. give up
35. A. committee B. newspaper C. radio D. team
36. A. enthusiastic B. artistic C. sympathetic D. realistic
37. A. speakers B. readers C. cheerleaders D. writers
38. A. widely B. weakly C. excitedly D. brightly
39. A. similar B. ordinary C. different D. familiar
40. A. physics B. history C. English D. math
41. A. pleasure B. hope C. trouble D. sorrow
42. A. fit in B. look out C. stay up D. get around
43. A. swim B. try C. ask D. escape
44. A. in return for B. in case of C. in terms of D. instead of
45. A. slimmest B. smallest C. best D. gentlest
【答案】26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. C
【解析】
是一篇记叙性短文，叙述了主人公Jenna 在进入高中之后所经历的变化与不同以及她逐渐适应变化的过程，与考生的经历相近，符合学生的心理，便于学生理解。

【26题详解】
通过空前“was ready for” “准备好” 以及下文所描述的困难，可知Jenna 已经准备好了迎接高中期间新的“挑战”且与最后一句相呼应。

【27题详解】
尽管做了准备，然而，高中还是不一样的。

同上文为转折关系。

【28题详解】
通过上文描述“very talented girls(非常有才华的女孩们)” 可知竞争非常激烈，“她”要被选上有“困难”
【29题详解】
宣布第二轮选拔赛名单的人应是“裁判员” C 项为干扰项"candidate”“申请人，候选人”
【30题详解】
通过句意可知当名单读完还没有“她”的名字的时候，“她”的心情应该是“沮丧”，选项 B “sank”“下沉”与“her heart”连用，表心情不好。

【31题详解】
选拔赛失利，“她”当然怀着“不好”的心情回家。

选项C “awful” 含义为“极坏的
【32题详解】
通过句中可知，此处为转折的关系，“她”以前很擅长数学，但现在不这样了。

选项 A “struggling” 含义为“（艰难的）奋斗”
【33题详解】
通过句意可知，在“她”转学英语与历史后，发现“她”在这些科目上没有遇到麻烦，与前面的数学相比，心情当然是“轻松的”选项D "relieved” 含义为“宽慰的，放心的”
【34题详解】
句意：感觉好多了，“她”决定暂时不再为数学“烦恼”
【35题详解】
通过第27空所在句中的”newspaper” 可找出答案
【36题详解】
通过的话可知“她”并不像那样对这件事热情，感兴趣。

B “artistic”含义“爱好艺术的，有艺术才能的” C “sympathetic”含义“同情的，表示同情的” D “realistic”含义“实事求是的”
【37题详解】
句意：很抱歉，但我们的报纸已经有足够的作者了。

【38题详解】
被拒绝，Jenna当然“无力”的一笑。

【39题详解】
呼应第二段第一句可知，Jenna感叹高中与初中“不同”
【40题详解】
通过第三段可知，Jenna有问题的是数学，因此，“她”是在数学课上全心解决问题。

【41题详解】
问题带来的当然是“麻烦”
【42题详解】
通过上句可知，“她”解决了数学难题，获得了信心，所以，当Jenna收拾课本的时候，“她”决心继续努力的去“适应”新的学校。

【43题详解】
“try”与句中succeed 相呼应，句意：“她”不确定是否会成功，但“她”知道“她”必须去“尝试”。

【44题详解】
通过前后两句含义可知“大池塘里的小鱼”同“小池塘里的大鱼”是对比关系，“instead of ““而不是”表对比
【45题详解】
句意：挑战就在于成为你能成为的最好的鱼。

第三部分:阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。

A
We arrived at the hospital to find Dad was very weak, but his smile was as sure as ever. It was another attack of pneumonia (肺炎). My husband and I stayed with him for the weekend but had to return to our jobs on Monday. Local relatives would help Dad get home from the hospital and look after him. But I longed to be able to let him know that we cared too, even when we weren’t with him.
Then I remembered a family tradition when our children were small. When leaving their grandparents’ home after a visit, each child would write a love note to their grandparents. They hid notes in the cereal (麦片) box, under a hairbrush, next to the phone or even in the microwave oven
(微波炉). For days, their grandparents would smile as they discovered these signs of our love.
So as I tidied Dad’s kitchen and made up a bed for him downstairs in the living room, I wrote some notes. Some were practical, “Dad, I put the food in the fridge so it wouldn’t spoil.” Some expressed my love, “Dad, I hope you will sleep well in your new bed.” Most notes were downstairs where he would stay for several weeks until he recovered strength, but one note I hid upstairs under his pillow, “Dad, if you have found this note, you must be feeling better. We are so glad!”
Just like his medicines strengthened him physically, these “emotional vitamins” would improve his spiritual health. Several weeks later, in one of our regular phone calls, I asked Dad how he was doing. He said, “Pretty good. I just found your note under my pillow upstairs!”
46. We can infer from the text that the author’s father _______.
A. got home from hospital alone
B. lived with his relatives
C. asked her to return to work
D. had suffered from the same illness before
47. The children hid notes in their grandparents’ home in order to _______.
A. follow a family tradition
B. play tricks on their grandparents
C. show their gifts to their grandparents
D. give their grandparents a pleasant surprise
48. Following the family tradition, the author _______.
A. often called her father
B. wrote some notes to her father
C. longed to visit her father
D. worried about her father’s h ealth
49. Having heard what her father said, the author would feel _______.
A. surprised
B. lucky
C. pleased
D. sad
50. What do we know about the author from the text?
A. She attempted to comfort her father with love.
B. She wanted to set an example to her children.
C. She enjoyed communicating with her father with notes.
D. She believed that a family tradition was very important.
【答案】46. D 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲了作者的父亲又一次得了肺炎，根据传统，作者在父亲的家里留下了许多便条。

有些是很实用的提醒，有的是表示对父亲的关爱。

这些便条让老人感觉到孩子的爱，这些便条对老人的精神健康很有好处。

【46题详解】
推理判断题。

答案定位在第一段It was another attack of pneumonia (肺炎).（父亲又一次得了肺炎），可知父亲之前曾经得过肺炎，故选D。

【47题详解】
推理判断题。

答案定位在第二段For days, their grandparents would smile as they discovered these signs of our love.可知孩子们把这些暖心的纸条放在爷爷奶奶的家里，是想让爷爷奶奶有意外的惊喜并感受到孩子们的爱，故选D。

【48题详解】
细节理解题。

答案定位在第三段So as I tidied Dad’s kitchen and made up a bed for him downstairs in the living room, I wrote some notes. Some were practical, “Dad, I put the food in the fridge so it wouldn’t spoil.” Some expressed my love, “Dad, I hope you will sleep well in your new bed.” 可知作者给父亲写了很多纸条，有些是很实用的提醒，有的是表示对父亲的关爱，故选B。

【49题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第三段中的but one note I hid upstairs under his pillow, “Dad, if you have found this note, you must be feeling better. We are so glad!” 可知在枕头下面的便条上她表达了对父亲恢复健康的祝愿。

再根据最后一段中的He said, “Pretty good. I just found your note under my pillow upstairs!” 可知父亲看见了她留的便条后感觉很好，这当然会让作者感觉很开心，故选C。

【50题详解】
推理判断题。

文章主要讲了作者的父亲又一次得了肺炎，根据传统，作者在父亲的家里留下了许多便条。

有些是很实用的提醒，有的是表示对父亲的关爱。

这些便条让老人感觉到孩子的爱，这些便条对老人的精神健康很有好处。

由此推断出作者试图用爱来安慰父亲，故选A。

B
Some of the people who created many popular apps are telling kids to put their phones away —at least, a bit more often. The Center for Humane Technology is made up of people who used to work for big tech companies like Google, Facebook and Twitter. Now they want kids to stop using those apps and websites so much.
In early February, the center started a campaign called The Truth About Tech. Its goal is to teach students, parents and teachers about the dangers of spending too much time on smart phones and computers.
According to studies about kids and technology, more than 95 percent of elementary
school-aged children spend at least part of every day using a computer or smart phone. About 78 percent of teens check their phones every hour, and more than half of them sleep with their phones in case they get a call or message during the night.
The Center for Humane Technology says that the apps and websites we use every day are purposely designed to keep us chatting, playing or watching online as much as possible. That includes social media like Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook and Twitter, websites like YouTube and online games. It also says that the tech companies talk only about the good aspects of their products and don’t mention the side effects.
Some physical problems, like headaches, eyestrain (眼疲劳), and neck pain are caused by using phones or computers too much. Students spending too much time online may find it hard to be focused on school work. Children and teenagers are more likely to have these problems because their brains, bodies and social skills are still developing.
One goal of The Truth About Tech campaign is to make sure that kids understand how technology affects them so they can make better decisions. The people behind the campaign also want governments and the tech companies themselves to take steps to protect children. When the leaders of the big technology companies are designing tech tools for kids, they should think about what they would want for their own children.
51. The Center for Humane Technology _______.
A. is made up of people doing voluntary work
B. is an organization working for big companies
C. intends to help people use high-tech products
D. aims to stop children spending too much time online
52. The data in Paragraph 3 are meant to _______.
A. ensure the reliability of the studies
B. show the seriousness of the problem
C. suggest the development of high technology
D. explain the reason for keeping phones at hand
53. According to the center, the purpose of the commonly used apps and websites is to _______.
A. encourage people to communicate more
B. help people learn more knowledge
C. attract people to using them more
D. enrich people’ s life
54. Why are children most likely influenced by the overuse of high-tech products?
A. They lack guidance on necessary social skills.
B. Their determination is not strong enough.
C. They have a lot of spare time after school.
D. Their bodies and social skills aren’t well developed.
55. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. It is the kids’ responsibility to protect themselves.
B. Governments strongly disagree with the campaign.
C. Technology companies are to blame for the problems.
D. It takes joint efforts to help kids use hightech products wisely.
【答案】51. D 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章主要讲了人文科技中心的目标是阻止儿童在网上花费太多时间。

帮助孩子们明智地使用高科技产品，需要社会各界的共同努力。

【51题详解】
细节理解题。

答案定位在第一段The Center for Humane Technology is made up of people who used to work for big tech companies like Google, Facebook and Twitter. Now they want kids to stop using those apps and websites so much.可知人文科技中心的目标是阻止儿童在网上花费太多
时间，故选D。

【52题详解】
推理判断题。

第三段According to studies about kids and technology, more than 95 percent of elementary school-aged children spend at least part of every day using a computer or smart phone. About 78 percent of teens check their phones every hour, and more than half of them sleep with their phones in case they get a call or message during the night.（根据有关儿童和科技的研究，95%以上的小学适龄儿童每天至少有一部分时间在使用电脑或智能手机。

约78%的青少年每小时查看一次手机，超过一半的青少年睡觉时都带着手机，以防在晚上接到电话或短信。

）由此推断出第三段的数据表明了问题的严重性，故选B。

【53题详解】
细节理解题。

答案定位在第四段The Center for Humane Technology says that the apps and websites we use every day are purposely designed to keep us chatting, playing or watching online as much as possible.可知据该中心称，常用的应用和网站的目的是吸引人们更多地使用它们，故选C。

【54题详解】
细节理解题。

答案定位在倒数第二段Children and teenagers are more likely to have these problems because their brains, bodies and social skills are still developing.可知儿童最容易受到过度使用高科技产品的影响是因为他们的身体和社交技能没有得到很好的发展，故选D。

【55题详解】
推理判断题。

答案定位在最后一段The people behind the campaign also want governments and the tech companies themselves to take steps to protect children. When the leaders of the big technology companies are designing tech tools for kids, they should think about what they would want for their own children.（发起这项活动的人还希望政府和科技公司自己采取措施保护儿童。

当大型科技公司的领导者们在为孩子们设计科技工具时，他们应该考虑自己的孩子想要什么。

）由此推断出帮助孩子们明智地使用高科技产品需要共同的努力，故选D。

【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路：
细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。

抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。

该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。

在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。

做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，
然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。

例如小题3，答案定位在第四段The Center for Humane Technology says that the apps and websites we use every day are purposely designed to keep us chatting, playing or watching online as much as possible.可知据该中心称，常用的应用和网站的目的是吸引人们更多地使用它们，故选C。

C
Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes (染色体).
Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science.
She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics.
Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a master’s degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree.
McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.
An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started in a temporary job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a permanent position with the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.
By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American
woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize.
56. When did McClintock receive a doctorate degree?
A. In 1921.
B. In 1923.
C. In 1925.
D. In 1927.
57. During the great economic Depression in the US, _______.
A. young scientists had trouble finding a job
B. female geneticists were not wanted at all
C. male geneticists were in great demand
D. male scientists were mostly out of job
58. Which of the following jobs may be most beneficial to McClintock’s research?
A. The job as a botany teacher.
B. The temporary job in the genetics department.
C. The permanent position in the laboratory.
D. The job of cancer research.
59. McClintock was awarded a Nobel Prize because of _______.
A. her life-long research in botany and biology
B. her contribution to genetic engineering
C. her discoveries about genes and chromosomes
D. her unshared work in the laboratory
60. The text is likely to appear in _______.
A. a biography
B. a history paper
C. a newspaper
D. a philosophy textbook
【答案】56. D 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇人物传记类阅读。

本文主要讲述了著名女科学家Barbara McClintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就。

【56题详解】
细节理解题。

答案定位在第四段McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a master’s degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree. （McClintock 决定在Cornell继续她的研究。

在1925年她完成了硕士学位。

两年后，她完成了博士学位的所有的要求。

）可知她在1927年取得博士学位，故选D。

【57题详解】
细节理解题。

答案定位在第五段The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed.在20世纪30年代，在美国，对一个年轻的科学家来说，不是一个好时间。

这个国家正处于经济危机的中期，上百万的美国人失业了。

可知年轻的科学家很难找到工作，故选A。

【58题详解】
细节理解题。

答案定位在倒数第二段A short time later, she accepted a permanent position with the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.（不久之后，她接受了实验室的一个永久职位。

这给了她继续研究的自由，而不必去教书或反复要求经济资助。

）由此可知在实验室的永久职位对McClintock的研究最有帮助，故选C。

【59题详解】
细节理解题。

答案定位在最后一段McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.在1983年，因对基因和染色体的发现，McClintock获得诺贝尔奖，故选C。

【60题详解】
推理判断题。

这篇文章介绍了著名女科学家McClintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就，可知这是她的一个传记，故选A。

【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。

小题5，这篇文章介绍了著名女科学家McClintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就，可知这是她的一个传记，故选A。

D
Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best wh en she said to her father. “But, Dad, you can’t be healthy if you’re dead.”
Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his
safety belt — a mistake 11.5% of the US population make every day, according to a survey in 2015.
The percentage doesn’t seem so bad, but the big question is why still so many people ignore it when every day there are reports about car accidents and casualties (a death toll of 37461 in 2016 ).
There have been many myths about safety belts ever since their first appearance in cars some forty years ago. The following are three of the most common.
Myth Number One: It’s best to be “thrown clear”of a serious accident.
Truth: Sorry, but any accident serious enough to “throw you clear”is also going t o be serious enough to give you a very bad landing. And chances are you’ll have traveled through a windshield (挡风玻璃) or door to do it. Studies show that chances of dying after a car accident are twenty-five times greater in cases where people are “thrown clear.”
Myth Number Two: Safety belts “trap”people in cars that are burning or sinking in water.
Truth: Sorry again. but studies show that people knocked unconscious (昏迷) due to not wearing safety belts have a greater chance of dying in these accidents People wearing safety belts are usually protected to the point of having a clear head to free themselves from such dangerous situations, not to be trapped in them.
Myth Number Three: Safety belts aren’t needed at speeds of less than 30 miles an hour (mph).
Truth: When two cars traveling at 30 mpb hit each other, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.
61. Why did Elizabeth say to her father “But, Dad, you can’t be healthy if you’re dead”?
A. He was driving at great speed.
B. He was running across the street.
C. He didn’t have his safety belt on.
D. He didn’t take his medicine on time.
62. The reason Father was in a hurry to get home was that he_______.
A. wasn’t feeling very well
B. hated to drive in the dark
C. wanted to take some exercise
D. didn’t want to be caught by the police
63. According to the text, to be “thrown clear” of a serious accident is very dangerous because you _______.
A. may be knocked down by other cars
B. may get seriously hurt being thrown out of the car
C. may find it impossible to get away from the seat
D. may get caught in the car door
64. Some people prefer to drive without wearing a safety belt because they believe_______.
A. the belt prevents them escaping in an accident
B. they will be unable to think clearly in an accident
C. they will be caught when help comes
D. cars catch fire easily
65. What is the advice given in the text?
A. Never drive faster than 30 mile an hour.
B. Try your best to save yourself in a car accident.
C. Never forget to wear the safety belt while driving.
D. Drive slowly while you’re not wearing a safety belt.
【答案】61. C 62. C 63. B 64. A 65. C
【解析】
试题解析：本文是一篇说明文。

不少美国人对安全带抱有误解，有人认为系安全带会在遭遇交通意外时为逃生带来不便，还有人认为车速低于每小时30里时，不需要系安全带。

这些都是错误的想法。

【61题详解】
C细节判断题。

根据第二段Dad. in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run. had forgotten to wear his safety belt-a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.可推断，father为了go for a run忘了系上安全带，故选C。

【62题详解】
C细节判断题。

根据第二段Dad. in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run.可知答案为C。

【63题详解】
B细节判断题。

根据地五段And chances are you'll have traveled through a windshield(挡风玻璃)or door to do it.可知to be "thrown clear" of a serious accident 在交通事故中可能会导致被扔出车外a bad ending，故选B。

【64题详解】
A细节判断题。

根据第六段Myth Number Two: Safety belts "trap" people in cars that are burning or sinking in water.故答案为A。

【65题详解】
C主旨大意题。

全文主要纠正了人们对于安全带的三个误解，强调安全带在行车时对于保证人们安全的重要性，故答案为C。

考点：考查说明文阅读
第Ⅱ卷(40分)
★ 请同学们将试题答案填写在答题纸上
第四部分:英语知识综合运用(共四节, 满分40分)
第一节:词汇运用 (共15小题；66-75每小题0.5分，76-80每小题1分，满分10分)
根据各句句意和所给词汇，选出并填入相应单词的正确形式, 使句子意思通顺。

其中划线词汇、短语需要根据意义在句子填出其同义词的正确形式。

(有三个多余选项)
66. Those who are overweight should take effective measures without __________ to lose weight.
67. Lego bricks are small and colorful plastic blocks, which can be _________ together to make any number of objects into different shapes.
68. When the old man appeared in the yard, these naughty boys quickly ran away in all _________.
69. The _________ of a university degree does not guarantee you a job but good education is essential to a successful life.
70. With the efforts of the government and the residents, the environment of the city has improved __________ in the past three years.
71. If no effective measures are taken, the number of rare animals on the brink of _________ will be on the increase.
72. The doctor will come to see you again next Monday. _________, you must follow his advice and rest as much as possible.
73. As is _________ above, the number of the students signing up for evening classes in increasing.
74. Susan, as well as her parents, spent the whole afternoon _________ in the ancient town,。