2019年中考英语母题题源系列专题20 阅读理解说明文(解析版)

专题20 阅读理解说明文
【母题来源1】【2019 •重庆市中考】
【母题原题】
Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂is the most popular.
Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 part s according to the changes of the weather. It’s the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.
Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.
When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish.
White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew(露珠) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.
The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.
1. The writer gave ___________ examples to show Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
2. From Paragraph 5, we know that ___________.
A. a raccoon likes fish
B. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8
C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn
D. Cinyee used white spots to show dew
3. According to the passage, Picture ___________ can’t be from Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.
A. B. C. D.
4. The writer mainly wants to talk about ___________.
A. why Cinyee made herself known
B. who divided a year into 24 parts
C. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar terms
D. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean
【文章大意】本文介绍了来自台湾的艺术家Cinyee Chiu是如何用动物来展示24节气的。

Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。

并且通过两个例子：鱼代表立春；浣熊代表白露。

来加以说明。

最后说明了这位年轻的艺术家使中国古代文化焕然一新。

1. A【解析】细节理解题。

根据句子So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. 因此，Cinyee选择鱼
作为立春的象征。

和句子For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 对于白露这一节气，Cinyee Chiu选择了一只浣熊——一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。

她在浣熊身上画了白点（小圆点）来表示露水。

可知，作者举了两个例子来说明Cinyee的＂24节气＂。

故选A。

2. D【解析】细节理解题。

根据Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. Cinyee选择了一只浣熊
——一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。

可知，A不对；选项B的句子Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8. 立春大约在12月8日左右。

短文中并没有提到，因此B不正确；根据原文White Dew falls on about Sept.
8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn.白露在9月8日左右。

它显示了凉爽的秋天的开始。

因此选
项C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn白露表示秋末。

是错误的；根据第五段的句子She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 她在浣熊身上画了白点（小圆点）来表示露水。

可知，Cinyee使用白点来显示露水。

因此本题正确的答案为D。

3. D【解析】细节理解题。

题干问哪一幅图不可能来自Cinyee的24 节气。

根据Cinyee turned each solar term
into an animal. Cinyee可知，Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。

而图片D是＂画了一只鸟的立春图＂，是挂历性质的一幅图片，所以该选项不可能来自于Cinyee的24 节气。

故选D。

4. C【解析】主旨大意题。

根据Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂is the most popular. 其中，＂24节气＂
最受欢迎。

以及下文的两个例子，主要用来说明Cinyee是如何用动物图片来展示24个节气的。

所以选C。

【母题来源2】【2019 •浙江省温州市】
【母题原题】
Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century. Reber built the world’s first radio telescope in 1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of weak radio sources, and they shared the
Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974.
A radio telescope is usually made up of:
One or more antennas to collect the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.
A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is usually cooled to, very low temperatures (e. g. as low as -270℃）.
A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most: radio telescopes today keep the signals to the computer’s memory disk for astronomers to analyze later.
Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch these waves, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.
To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals. For example, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town.
Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know without radio telescopes.
5. Radio telescopes help collect ___________ from the universe
A. light
B. objects
C. radio waves
D. visible signals
6. Most antennas of radio telescopes are made in the shape of a dish to ___________.
A. make the antennas strong enough
B. increase the number of radio waves
C. turn radio waves into electronic signals
D. focus radio waves on the sub-reflector
7. The underlined word "interferences" in the passage refers to ___________.
A. the noises made by villagers and animals
B. the sounds from the radios and televisions
C. the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST work
D. the radio waves and electronic signals from humans
8. What have we done with the help of radio telescopes?
A. We have received pictures of deep space.
B. We have discovered unknown lives in the universe.
C. We have found some unknown objects in the universe.
D. We have turned the radio waves from space into light.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了无线电天文望远镜，详细介绍了它的发明、构成、工作原理、作用等。

5. C【解析】细节理解题。

根据文中的信息A radio telescope is usually made up of：One or more antennas to collect
the radio waves.可知，无线天文望远镜帮助收集宇宙中的无线电波，故答案选C。

6. D【解析】细节理解题。

根据文中的信息Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the
radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.可知，大多数无线天文望远镜的天线都是碟形的，用来将无线电波聚焦在副反射器上，故答案选D。

7. D【解析】词义猜测题。

根据下文and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where
there are no human radio waves or electronic signals.可知是为了避免干扰，保持望远镜的灵敏度，无线天文电望远镜建在没有人类无线电波或电子信号的地方。

所以"interferences"指的是来自人类的无线电波和电子信号，故答案选D。

8. C【解析】细节理解题。

根据文中的信息This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t b e seen,
objects that we wouldn’t even know without radio telescopes.可推知，在无线天文望远镜的帮助下，我们发现了宇宙中一些未知的物体，故答案选C。

【母题来源3】【2019 •浙江省衢州市】
【母题原题】
The world has a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws(吸管), toothbrushes, toys—all kinds of plastics are placed in landfills. There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.
Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won’t disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.
Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a day. That’s enough to circle the Earth twice. ＂Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way
to make a big difference,＂Dana Lofflin who started said. ＂Do we really want to pass on to our children a world harmed by plastic?＂
People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that people can eat. You don’t have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes(分解) in just a few days. David Edwards, a scientist at Harvard University, designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.
9. According to the write, birds die because they ___________.
A. eat bottle caps and straws
B. get caught in fishing nets
C. feed on ocean animals
D. have the spoons in India
10. The underlined word "endangers " in Paragraph 2 probably means ___________.
A. brings
B. loses
C. harms
D. saves
11. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ___________.
A. introduce some ways to recycle waste
B. tell readers about the problem with plastics
C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution
D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste
12. From the passage, we can tell that the plastics problem ___________.
A. is too big for people to solve
B. can be solved by recycling alone
C. can be solved, but it won’t be easy
D. will have to be solved by future scientists
【文章大意】本文讲述了关于塑料问题。

塑料废料越来越多。

到2050年，他们可能有130亿吨。

许多塑料垃圾都能进入海洋。

它危及海洋生物。

塑料垃圾甚至最终会进入我们吃的食物中。

各国政府正正在采取更多的行动。

塑料问题是可以解决，但不容易。

9. A【解析】题意：据报道，鸟类死亡是因为__________。

考查细节理解。

根据第2段第6句Birds die because
of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.（鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。

）可知＂鸟类死亡是因为鸟吃塑料吸管和瓶盖＂；故选A。

10. C【解析】题意：第2段中下画线单词＂endangers＂可能意思是__________。

考查词义猜测。

A. brings
带来；B. loses失去；C. harms伤害；D. saves拯救。

根据上文Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.（鲸鱼被塑料渔网捕获。

鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。

）描述可知＂此句It endangers ocean life.句意是：它危害海洋生物。

＂根据句意可知＂endangers＂可能意思是＂harms＂；选C。

11. B【解析】题意：这篇文章的目的主要是__________。

考查主旨理解。

本文讲述了关于塑料问题。

根据
本文主要内容可知这篇文章的目的主要是告诉读者塑料的问题；故选B。

12. C【解析】题意：从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题__________。

考查主旨理解。

根据第3段第3句Though
it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem.（虽然工作很辛苦，但仍然是一个可以解决的问题。

）可知从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题可以解决，但不容易；故选C。

【母题来源4】【2019 •四川省广安市】
【母题原题】
Artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. It is also a field of study that tries to make computers "smart". John McCarthy, a scientist, came up with(提出)the name "artificial intelligence" over 60 years ago. Many things such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as people do.
An unusual goal of AI research is to create computer programs. They can learn, solve problems, and think logically(逻辑地）. At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别）human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. However, some people also consider(认为）AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. A famous British scientist also was not for this kind of technology.
Math is the basic language of AI. If students are good at math, they will be more likely to become successful AI designers(设计者）in the future. We need not only bright students, but also average(普通的）students. As for(对于）average students, if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing.
Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力）and emotional (有感情的）AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field.
13. From Paragraph 1, we know that ___________.
A. all problems can be solved by computers
B. machines with AI can think and learn
C. AI has been around for only 60 years
D. AI works in the same way as people
14. According to the passage, what can’t AI do at present?
A. Understand human speech.
B. Operate self-driving cars.
C. Compete in some game systems.
D. Understand human feelings.
15. The underlined word＂it＂in Paragraph 2 refers to(指的是）___________.
A. chess
B. a scientist
C. the danger
D. AI
16. According to the passage, if students want to become successful AI designers, they should learn ___________
well.
A. math and art
B. art and technology
C. math and computer science
D. art and computer science
17. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us the scientist ___________ about AI.
A. wishes
B. worries
C. feelings
D. discoveries
【文章大意】人工智能是电脑程序或者机器可以学习和思考的一种能力，这方面的研究目的在于创造出能学习、解决问题和思考的电脑程序。

本文简单介绍了人工智能，并表示科学家们正在这个领域努力研究。

13. B【解析】细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句和第二句Artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a
computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. 人工智能是计算机程序或机器的能力。

计算机或具有人工智能的机器可以思考和学习。

可知，故选B。

14. D【解析】细节理解题。

根据At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别）
human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. 目前，艾尔能够成功地理解人类的语言，识别（识别）人类的面孔，操作自动驾驶的汽车，并在一些游戏系统（如下棋）中进行竞争。

可知，故选D。

15. D【解析】代词指代题。

根据上文的Some people also consider(认为）AI a danger to humans有些人还认为
人工智能对人类是一种危险。

可知，it指的是AI，如果人工智能发展迅速的话，它对人类是一种危险。

故选D。

16. C【解析】推理判断题。

根据文中We need not only bright students, but also average(普通的）students. As for(对
于）average students, if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides,
a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing. 我们不仅需要聪明的学生，也
需要普通的学生。

至于普通的学生，如果他们有足够的数学技能，他们也可以成为成功的人工智能设计师。

此外，对于人工智能设计来说，良好的计算机科学知识也是必不可少的。

可知，故选C。

17. A【解析】细节理解题。

根据最后一段Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力）and emotional (有感情
的）AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field. 科学家们希望创造出有创造力和情感的人工智能。

人工智能可能理解人类的感受或创造艺术。

许多方法和工具都试图发现这个广阔而令人兴奋的领域。

可知，故
选A。

【母题来源5】【2019 •安徽省中考】
【母题原题】
The world uses about a thousand million(百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.
Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.
While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh water—that comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in. More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process (加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.
Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.
18. How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world?
A. Under 10 million.
B. Only 19 million.
C. About 92 million.
D. Over 700 million.
19. Treating wastewater helps the environment by ___________.
A. storing waste in ice and snow
B. letting waste run into oceans
C. keeping waste out of rivers and oceans
D. sending waste to coastal countries
20. What does the underlined word "desalination" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. 远洋运输
B. 潮汐发电
C. 食盐销售
D. 海水淡化
21. At present, the technology to process water ___________.
A. needs much energy
B. saves much money
C. satisfies everyone
D. causes pollution
22. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Water should be a human right.
B. The water problem is still serious.
C. Our planet is covered with water.
D. Everyone has enough clean water.
【文章大意】＂水是生命之源＂，我们的生活离不开水。

但地球上的水资源是有限的，全世界很多地
方的人们仍然没有办法获得干净、安全的水。

现在我们有了一项新的技术，可以处理和再利用废水，但它需要大量的能源，因此科学家们正在努力创造一种成本更低的技术。

18. D【解析】细节理解题。

根据短文第一段最后一句话Yet more than 700 million people around the world have
trouble getting clean, safe water.可知，有超过7亿人在获得清洁、安全的水方面存在困难。

由此可知应选D。

19. C【解析】细节理解题。

根据短文第二段Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And
it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans.可知，处理废水可以使废物远离河流和海洋，从而有利于保护环境。

由此可知应选C。

20. D【解析】词义猜测题。

根据单词所在的上下文语境The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too
salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in.，地球上98%的水在海洋里，是咸水不能喝，然后下文More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world提到了很多处理海水的工厂。

由此可推测desalination的意思应该是＂海水淡化＂，故应选D。

21. A【解析】细节理解题。

根据短文第三段最后一句话But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.可
知，现在处理海水的技术需要大量的能量。

由此可知应选A。

22. B【解析】推理判断题。

根据短文最后一句话But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough
water for everyone.可知，现在，世界每天仍然面临着没有足够的水供每个人使用。

由此可知现在水问题仍然非常严重，故应选B。

【母题来源6】【2019 •山东省青岛市】
【母题原题】
Wind power is a very clean source of energy. This is how wind power works. Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity. A lot of people think that wind power is new, but that’s not true. For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water. We still do those things today, but these days we mostly use wind power to make electricity.
Wind power is a very popular source of energy. Most people think that we should use it more and more. First of all, it’s clean. Windmills don’t pollute the environment at all. S econd, we can use wind power forever. After all, we will always have wind. Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.
A lot of people don’t understand wind power very well. They believe that there are problems with wind power, but many of those problems are not real. For example, some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds. They used to be true, but it isn’t true anymore. Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin
slowly, and they aren’t dangerous fo r birds.
However, there are real problems with windmills. One problem is that many people think windmills are very ugly. This is a problem for people, because windmills are often in very pretty areas. Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use w ind power all the time. Finally, windmills are noisy.
Wind power is becoming more and more common. Right now, more than 80 countries use wind power. About 2.5 percent of the world’s power comes from the wind. For some countries, that number is a lot higher. Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.
23. Why DON’T new windmills kill birds? Because ___________.
A. birds don’t fly near them
B. they spin slowly
C. they are shorter than old windmills
D. new windmills don’t spin
24. When did people start using wind power?
A. About 25 years ago.
B. About 80 years ago.
C. About 500 years ago.
D. Over 1,000 years ago.
25. ___________, so we CAN’T use wind power all the time.
A. Windmills break all the time
B. We can’t use windmills at night
C. Windmills are too expensive to use all the time
D. Wind doesn’t blow all the time
26. What does the article say about wind power?
A. Most people don’t like it.
B. It’s getting cheaper.
C. Denmark doesn’t use it.
D. It’s getting more expensive.
27. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Expensive Windmills
B. Cheap and Clean Energy
C. Popular and Clean Wind Power
D. Dangerous Birds
【文章大意】短文介绍了人类对风能的利用。

过去风能主要使用于海上航行和水利灌溉，而现在主要用风力发电。

风能是一种非常清洁的能源。

也是一种非常流行的能源。

还介绍了风车一些弊端。

风力发电越来越普遍，目前，80多个国家使用风力发电。

世界上约2.5%的电力来自风能。

23. B【解析】细节理解题。

根据第三段中的句子＂Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New
windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.＂旧风车杀死鸟是因为它们旋转得很快。

新的风车旋转缓慢，对鸟类来说并不危险。

故答案为B。

24. D【解析】细节理解题。

根据第一段中的句子＂For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and
move water.＂几千年来，人们借助风帆来航行和通过风车来灌溉。

因此借助风力至少有一千多年的历
史，答案是D。

25. D【解析】细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的句子＂Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind
power all the time.＂风不会一直吹，所以我们不能一直使用风力。

故答案为D。

26. B【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段中的句子＂Wind power is a very popular source of energy.＂可知，风
能是一种非常流行的能源，A选项错误；根据第二段中的句子＂Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.＂可知风能很便宜，而且越来越便宜。

B选项正确，D选项错误；根据最后一句＂Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.＂风力发电为丹麦提供了超过25%的电力。

C选项错误。

故答案选B。

27. C【解析】标题归纳题。

短文介绍了人类对风能的利用。

风能是一种非常清洁的能源，也是一种非常流
行的能源。

故答案为C。

【考试方向】
＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。

它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。

它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。

说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。

说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。

说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。

然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。

高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。

因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。

【得分要点】
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who →what →when → where → how → why。

1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。

边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。

【母题1】【来源】【广东省广州市省实教育集团2019年初三一模】
Humans are the only animals to eat chilies, even though they sometimes cause us discomfort. CFPMany of us have had this experience: We eat something very spicy, our mouth burns, then our nose gets runny and our eyes start to water. So why exactly does this happen?
All spicy foods come from plants, and according to BBC News, these plants contain spicy items to keep animals from eating them. Eating or even just touching these plants leads to the familiar burning feeling that comes from spicy food.
When we are eating the spicy food, our nose and eyes may also feel irritated(痒痒的) and go into defense mode(模式), producing tears or mucus(黏液) to protect themselves. The more irritated our nose and eyes feel, the more tears or mucus they produce. That explains the tearing eyes, running nose and burning mouth that come from eating spicy food.
So if we know that our body will react to chilies this way, why is it that humans are the only animals to eat them? In fact, about 600 million Chinese, almost half of the national population, are chili eaters, reported website Huanqiu.
According to BBC News, the human body responds to spicy food by giving off endorphins(内啡肷) —chemicals that create a sense of happiness.
So if you’re a big fan of spicy food, what can you do to reduce these symptoms(症状)?
It’s widely believed that a glass of ice water is the perfect way to lighten the burning sense caused by spiciness. However, as Live Science reported, it’s bee n proved that water will just make you feel worse by spreading the spicy items around your mouth.
*Live Science suggested that the easiest way to put out the fire in your mouth is with dairy products, such as milk or yogurt. Dairy contains a special element named casein(酪蛋白), a type of protein which is able to dissolve the spicy component in chilies and reduce your pain immediately.
Equally effective is a spoon of sugar, according to Live Science.
So, if you’re the kind of person who holds the belief" the s picier, the better", make sure to keep some dairy products in your refrigerator.
1. A lot of animals don’t like chilies because they ________ if they eat or touch them.
A. produce tears or mucus
B. their eyes feel happy
C. have a feeling like burning
D. their noses feel irritated
2. Which of the following way is the right way of making the symptoms less serious while eating chilies according
to the passage?
A. We can try a spoon of salt.
B. We can drink a bottle of ice water.
C. We should drink a large cup of warm tea.
D. We can eat some dairy products such as yogurt.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Some plants contain spicy items to protect their enemies.
B. When we are eating chilies, our body creates a chemical that makes us happy.
C. Eating or even just touching spicy plants will make us burn out with anger.
D. Humans, as well as all the animals, like eating chilies very much.
4. Why did the writer write the passage with a*?
A. To show the best method to stop the burning feeling from spicy food.
B. To tell readers how good and effective dairy products are.
C. To tell readers why dairy products reduce pain.
D. To show what dairy contains.
5. Where can we probably read the passage?
A. A chemistry textbook
B. novel
C. A science website
D. A geography magazine
【文章大意】这是一篇科普类文章，解释了为什么人类是唯一吃辣椒的动物，当吃了辛辣的食物后，会产生哪些症状，分析了产生这种症状的原因。

最后介绍了减轻灼热症状的最佳方式是喝一些牛奶或酸奶之类的乳制品。

1. C【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段最后的句子＂Eating or even just touching these plants leads to the familiar
burning feeling that comes from spicy food.＂吃或只是触摸这些植物会产生一种熟悉的辛辣食物带来的灼热感。

因此很多动物不喜欢辣椒，因为吃了或触摸到它们会产生灼热的感觉，答案为C。

2. D【解析】根据文中句子Live Science suggested that the easiest way to put out the fire in your mouth is with
dairy products, such as milk or yogurt. Dairy contains a special element named casein(酪蛋白),a type of
protein which is able to dissolve the spicy component in chilies and reduce your pain immediately. 《生活科学》建议，最简单的方法是用奶制品，如牛奶或酸奶来去火。

乳品含有一种酪蛋白的特殊元素，能够溶解辣椒中辛辣成分并立即减轻疼痛。

因此当吃了辣椒后可以喝一些乳制品来减轻症状，答案为D。

3. B【解析】判断正误题。

根据＂and according to BBC News, these plants contain spicy items to keep animals
from eating them.＂据英国广播公司新闻报道，这些植物含有辛辣的成分，以防止动物吃掉它们。

A 错误；根据＂According to BBC News, the human body responds to spicy food by giving off endorphins（内啡肽）-chemicals that create a sense of happiness.＂据英国广播公司新闻报道，人体对辛辣食物的反应是释放内啡肽——一种能产生幸福感的化学物质。

故B答案正确。

根据Eating or even just touching these plants leads to the familiar burning feeling that comes from spicy food. 吃了或触摸到它们会产生灼热的感觉，不是让我们愤怒，C错误；根据课文内容可知，动物们是不喜欢吃辣椒的，故答案为B。

4. A【解析】主旨大意题。

根据文中句子Live Science suggested that the easiest way to put out the fire in your
mouth is with dairy products, such as milk or yogurt. Dairy contains a special element named casein(酪蛋白),a type of protein which is able to dissolve the spicy component in chilies and reduce your pain immediately. 可知，这一段是介绍乳制品中含有一种酪蛋白的特殊元素，能够溶解辣椒中辛辣成分并立即减轻疼痛。

因此当吃了辣椒后可以喝一些乳制品来去火，加米字号是强调阻止辛辣食物产生灼热的最佳方法是喝一乳制品些。

故答案选A。

5. C【解析】推理判断题。

这是一篇科普类文章，解释了为什么人类是唯一吃辣椒的动物，当吃了辛辣的食
物后，减轻灼热症状的最佳方式是什么。

由此推断这篇文章最有可能来自科学网站，答案为C。

【母题2】【来源】【江苏省靖江市第三中学教育联盟2019届中考模拟】
The British Museum in London had its most successful year ever in 2013. More than 6.7 million visitors passed through its doors. The previous record of 5.9 million was set in 2008. Over a million more people visited the museum last year than in 2012. The biggest attractions were two big exhibitions. One was Life and Death in Pompeii（庞培）, the other was Herculaneum. The director of the museum said he was very happy that so many people came. He told reporters that many things happened last year. Many exhibits were carried to the museum. He also said online access(网上购票) meant more people decided to visit. He added: ＂This is truly a dynamic collection that belongs to and is used by a global citizenship.＂
The British Museum has many exhibitions about human history and culture. It has about 13 million exhibits from all over the world. Some countries want the museum to return some of them. Greece wants the Elgin Marbles back. They were originally from the Parthenon in Athens（雅典）. China wants the museum to return many things the British took from China in the 19th century, and Egypt wants the Rosetta Stone. The museum first opened to the。