山东科技大学英语综合考研真题2017—2019年

Part I Linguistics
I. Give the definitions of the following terms. (20 scores)
1. code-switching
2. arbitrariness
3. morpheme
4. parole
5. assimilation
6. concord
7. register
8. inflection
9. deep structure
10. indirect speech act
Ⅱ. Choose the correct answers. (20 scores)
1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as
_____linguistics.
A. applied
B. diachronic
C. comparative
D. synchronic
2. Which of the following sounds is a low front lax spread vowel?
A. [a]
B. [æ]
C. [i]
D. [e]
3. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ________ in 1957.
A. L. Bloomfield
B. F. Saussure
C. N. Chomsky
D. M. A. K. Halliday
4. The word “globalization” is created by the _____ process.
A. invention
B. blending
C. derivation
D. compound
5. The semantic components of the word “girl” can be expressed as _________.
A.＋human,＋male,－adult
B.＋human,－male,－adult
C.＋human,＋male,＋adult
D.＋human,－male,－adult
6. In “Please pass me the salt”, the predicate is a ______predicate.
A. One-place
B. Two-place
C. Three-place
D. No-place
7. Which of the following take the social context into consideration?
A. Universal grammar.
B. performance
C. functional grammar
D. Nativist theory
8. What kind of function does the sentence “Nice to meet you” have?
A. Directive
B. Phatic
C. Informative
D. Evocative
9. In “老师是园丁，桃李满天下”，there are_______conceptual metaphor(s).
A. 1
B. 2
C. none
D.3
10.--Do you like cheese?
-- Of course, and the cat likes carrot.
The answer violates the maxim of ______.
A. quality
B. quantity
C. relevance
D. manner
III. True or False questions. (10 scores)
1. Allophones in complementary distribution are free allophones .
2. Every speaker has his own preferred expressions and special ways of expressing his
ideas in language. This variety of individual users is called social dialect.
3. Animals cannot talk about the things except those about food, danger, enemy, etc.
because the communicative signals of animals do not have the property of
displacement.
4. Connotative meaning of the same word may vary from individual to individual.
5. Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.
6. “He broke the window” entails “the window was damaged”.
7. Pidgin is a kind of interlanguage.
8. “Under the table" is a subordinate endocentric construction.
9. The smallest free unit in English is morpheme .
10. According to IC analysis, single words and complete sentences are constituents.
IV. Answer the following questions. (30 scores)
1. Why is there no direct relations between signifier and signified in the semantic
triangle? (6 scores)
2. Is it justified to say that the meaning of a sentence is composed only of word sense
and grammatical sense? (6 scores)
3. Explain with examples the different types of antonyms in English. (6 scores)
4. Explain the difference between homograph and polysemy with examples. (6 scores)
5. Analyze the following sentences with IC analysis (6 scores)
The hunters shot the rabbit with guns.
The boy might lose his way.
The dog went down the stairs and out of the door.
V. Discussion. (10 scores)
Illustrate the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis with examples.
Part Two Literature
I. Matching (16 scores)
Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8 scores) Column I Column II
1. Theodore Dreiser A. The Scarlet Letter
2. Eugene O’Neill B. Sister Carrie
3. Herman Melville C. Women in Love
4. William Faulkner D. Light in August
5. Virginia Woolf E. The Hairy Ape
6. G. B. Shaw F. Tom Jones
7. Joseph Heller G. Moby Dick
8. D. H. Laurence H. To the Lighthouse
I. Mrs. Warren’s Profession
J. Catch-22
Section B Identify the works from which the quotations are from. (8 scores)
Column I Column II
9. It is a truth universally acknowledged that A. The Portrait of a Lady
a single man in possession of good fortune
must be in want of a wife. B. Hamlet
10. A man is not made for defeat. A man can be
destroyed but not defeated. C. A Tale of Two Cities
11. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
and sorry I could not travel both. D. “The Road Not Taken” 12. I was on his grave, my friends, that I resolved,
before God, that I would never own another E. “Stopping by Woods on a slave, while it is possible to free him; that Snowy Evening”
nobody, through me, should ever run the risk
of being parted from home and friends, and F. “Ode to the West Wind”
dying on a lonely plantation, as he died.
13. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind. G. “Of Studies”
14. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready
man; and writing an exact man. H. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
15.To be, or not to be—that is the question.
16. It was the best of times, it was the worst I. Pride and Prejudice
of times; it was an age of wisdom, it was
the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of J. Tom Sawyer
belief, it was the epoch of incredulity. . .
II. Explain the following literary terms. (20 scores)
17. Expressionism
18. The Beat Generation
19. The Graveyard School
20. Heroic Couplet
21. Black Humor
III. Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them. (24 scores)
Passage 1
Do you think I will stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? A machine without feelings? And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lip, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain and little, I’m soulless and heartless? You think wrong!
I have as much soul as you, and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I’m not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionality, nor even of mortal flesh; it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at the God’s feet, equal, as we are!
Questions: From which work is the passage selected? And who is the author of this work? What are the names of the hero and heroine? What point of view is adopted in this novel? Please comment on the image of the heroine or the theme of the novel with feminism.
Passage 2
When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer
by Walt Whitman
When I heard the learn’d astronomer,
When the proofs, the figures, were ranged in columns before me,
When I was shown the charts and diagrams, to add, divide, and measure them,
When I sitting heard the astronomer where he lectured with much applause in
the lecture-room,
How soon unaccountable I became tired and sick,
Till rising and gliding out I wander’d off by myself，
In the mystical moist night-air, and from time to time，
Look’d up in perfect silence at the stars.
Questions: Manifest details of the astronomer’s lecture and the poet’s response to it. How is the poet’s view on stars different from that of the astronomer? Present various meanings they have about universe because of their different perspectives.
Part I Linguistics
I.Give the definitions of the following terms(20points)
nguage
2.Cultural transmission
3.Pidgin
4.Phoneme
5.Agreement
6.Consonant
7.Deep structure
nguage transfer
9.Indirect speech acts
10.Semantics
II.Choose the correct answer(20points)
1.The sense relation between the two words“died”and“killed”is__.
A.synonymy
B.polysemy
C.hyponymy
D.co-hyponymy
2.The distinction between“langue”and“parole”was introduced by_____.
A.Bloomfield
B.F.Saussure
C.N.Chomsky
D.M.A.K.Halliday
3.Which of the following is not a correct description of[f]?
A.voiceless
B.fricative
C.palatal
biodental
4.The word“e-mail”is a________in terms of word-formation.
pound
B.borrowing
C.invention
D.blending
5.Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language.This variety of individual users is called______.
A.social dialect
B.regional dialect
C.temporal dialect
D.ethnic dialect
6.Utterances often influence the feelings or actions of the audience,which Austin calls the performance of a/an_________________.
A.locutionary act
B.perlocutionary act
C.illocutionary act
D.performative act
7.What kind of function does the sentence“Stand up”have?
A.directive
B.phatic
rmative
D.evocative
8.The underlined part in the word“submit”is a_____________.
A.bound root
B.free morpheme
C.suffix
D.stem
9.In“He has become a man”,what is communicated in the second“man”is called___________.
A.connotative meaning
B.social meaning
C.affective meaning
D.conceptual meaning
10.The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _____linguistics.
A.applied
B.diachronic
parative
D.synchronic
III.True or false Questions(10points)
1.In English,long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long
vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.
2.The smallest meaningful unit of language is morpheme.
3.Metaphor and metonymy are two major ways for semantic broadening.
4.There is no such a thing as category of aspect in Chinese.
5.British English is standard dialect while American English is one regional dialect.
6.“His daughter is a teacher”entails“He has a daughter”.
7.“Kicking the ball”is an endocentric construction with“kicking”as its head.
8.In English,we have five long vowels.
9.Tenor is about the relations between the participants in the communication.
10.Age,personality,motivation and attitude are all considered variables influencing
SLA.
IV.Answer the following questions briefly.(20points)
1.Try to explain the semantic triangle.(5points)
2.Explain with examples the various types of antonyms in English.(5points)
3.Which version of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis do you agree with?Why?(5points)
4.Analyze the following sentences with IC analysis.(5scores)
The boy might take my advice.(2)
The professor taught linguistics at this university.(3)
V.Discussion(20points)
1.Primates like Chimpanzees have been trained to communicate with human with
body gestures.What do you think are the differences between this kind of“language”
and our language.(10)
2.Analyze B’s answer in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle.(10)
A:Tehran is in Turkey,isn’t it,teacher?
B:Yes,dear.And London is in American,I suppose.
Part Two Literature
I.Matching(16points)
Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8points) Column I Column II
1.Arthur Miller A.Lord Jim
2.Henry James B.The School for Scandal
3.James Fennimore Cooper C.Ivanhoe
4.Richard Brinsley Sheridan D.Death of a Salesman
wrence E.The Wings of the Dove
6.George Eliot F.Vanity Fair
7.Joseph Conrad G.The Last of the Mohicans
8.Jack London H.The Call of the Wild
dy Chatterlay’s Lover
J.The Mill on the Floss
Section B Identify the works from which the quotations are from.(8points)
Column I Column II
9.The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, A.The Pilgrim’s Progress
The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,
The plowman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me. B.Moby Dick
10.As I walked through the wilderness of this
world,I lighted on a certain place where
was a den,and I laid me down in that place C.“A Valediction:
to sleep;and,as I slept,I dreamed a dream.Forbidding Mourning”
11.If they be two,they are two so
As stiff twin compasses are two;
Thy soul,the fixed foot,makes no show D.“Elegy Written in a
To move,but doth,of th’other do.Country Churchyard”
12.The artist is the creator of beautiful things.
To reveal art and conceal the artist is art’s aim.
13.We hold these truths to be self-evident, E.“Stopping by Woods on
that all men are created equal,that a Snowy Evening”
they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable Rights,that among
these are Life,Liberty and the pursuit F.“The Road Not Taken”
of Happiness.
14.They were careless people,Tom and
Daisy---they smashed up things and
creatures and then retreated back G.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
into their money or their vast carelessness
or whatever it was that kept them together,
and let other people clean up the H.“Declaration of
mess they had made.Independence”
15.Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village,though;
He will not see me stopping here I.The Picture of Dorian Gray To watch his woods fill up with snow.
16.Call me Ishmael.Some years ago--
never mind how long precisely--J.The Great Gatsby
having little or no money in my purse,
and nothing particular to interest me on shore,
I thought I would sail about a little and see
the watery part of the world.
II.Explain the following literary terms.(20points)
17.Blank verse
18.Neoclassicism
19.The Lost Generation
20.Local Colorism
21.Soliloquy
III.Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them.(24points)
Passage1
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.
Questions:Who is the author of this poem?What are the features of this kind of poem? Analyze its rhyme scheme and comment on its theme.(12points)
Passage2
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood,this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families,that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.”
Questions:What is the title of the novel?Who is the author?Summarize the story of the novel in brief language and comment the artistic features of this author.(12points)
Part A Linguistics
I.Give the definitions of the following terms.(10points)
1.Displacement
petence
3.Minimal pairs
4.Concord
5.Diachronic linguistics
II.Choose the correct answers.(20points）
1.Which of the following is a study of morphology?
A.assimilation
B.homonymy
C.motivation
D.inflection
2.Which of the following is an initialism?
A.UNESCO
B.WI-FI
C.APEC
D.VIP
3.The function of the sentence“Nasty weather,isn’t it?”is______
A.Directive
B.Phatic
rmative
D.interrogative
4.Which of the following expressions is not derived from LOVE IS A WAR?
A.情敌
B.白头偕老
C.赢得芳心
D.你伤害了我，却一笑而过
5.Which of the following sounds is a voiceless labio-dental fricative?
A.[p]
B.[k]
C.[f]
D.[v]
6.Which design feature means language is learnt instead of being encoded in our
genes?
A.production
B.interchangeability
C.cultural transmission
D.arbitrariness
7．The difference between“老伙计”and“老朋友”lies in________.
A.origin
B.collocation
C.style
D.degree
8.A female teacher speaks in different ways to her daughter and to her students.This
can be explained by___________.
A.code-switching
B.register
C.bilingualism
D.motivation
9.“壁咚”is created from_________.
A.blending
B.acronym
C.borrowing
D.Invention
10.The relationship between the two words“residence”and“apartment”is_____.
A.synonymy
B.polysemy
C.hyponymy
D.co-hyponymy
III.True or False(10points)
1.The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as
synchronic linguistics.
2.Pragmatics is the application of linguistic theories to language teaching and learnin
g.
3.The root of unhappiness is happy.
4.There are five long vowels in Englsh.
5.“上级”and“下级”are complementary antonymy.
6.The smallest unit in English is morpheme.
7.Adjectives and complete sentences are all constituents.
8.“I chased the dog”and“I am chasing the dog”are derived form the same deep
structure.
9.“He is dead”presupposes“He was murdered”.
10.Derivational morphemes are all bound morphemes.
IV.Answer the following questions.(40points)
1.Explain with examples the classification of antonyms in English.
2.What is the problem with the referential theory?.
3.Analyze the implicature in the following dialogue in terms of Grice’s Cooperative
Principle.
Father:What are you eating?
Mother(with the3-year-old daughter around):An I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.
4.What is the relationship between language and culture?
5.Explain the ambiguity of the following sentence with IC analysis.
The Seniors were told to stop demonstrating on campus.
V.Discussion(10points)
Is sign language(手语)a language?
Part B Literature
I.Matching(16points)
Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8points) Column I Column II
1.Daniel Defoe A.Middlemarch:A Study of Provincial Life
2.Oliver Goldsmith B.A Passage to India
3.Oscar Wilde C.Invisible Man
4.E.M.Forster D.Moll Flanders
5.Henry James E.Emma
6.Joseph Rudyard Kipling F.The Importance of Being Earnest
7.Ralph Ellison G.Jude the Obscure
8.Thomas Hardy H.The Golden Bowl
I.The Vicar of Wakefield
J.The Jungle Book
Section B Identify the works from which the quotations are from.(8points)
Column I Column II
9.Can storied urn or animated bust
Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath? A.The Great Gatsby Can Honour’s voice provoke the silent dust
Or Flattert soothe the dull cold ear of Death?
10.It beareth the name of Vanity Fair because the B.“My Last Duchess”
town where it is kept is lighter than vanity;
and also because all that there is sold,or that
cometh thither,is vanity.As is the saying of C.“Elegy Written in a the wise,“All that cometh is vanity.”Country Churchyard”11.My first quarter at Lowood seemed an age;and
not the golden age either;it composed an irksome
struggle with difficulties in habituating myself to
new rules and unwonted tasks. D.Jane Eyre
12.I shall ever bear about me a memory of the many
solemn hours I thus spent alone with the master of
the House of Usher.Yet I should fail in any attempt
to convey an idea of the exact character of the E.Great Expectations studies or of the occupations,in which he involved me
or led me the way.
13.But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential.
I found myself on Gatsby’s side,and alone.From F.Mrs Warren’s Profession
the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to
West Egg village,every surmise about him,and every
practical question,was referred to me.
14.Oh sir,she smiled,no doubt,
Whene’er I passed her;but who passed without G.“The Fall of the Much the same smile?This grew;I gave commands;House of Usher”
Then all smiles stopped together.
15.Most mighty Emperor of Liliput,delight and terror H.Robinson Crusoe
of the universe,whose dominions extend five
thousand blustrugs(about twelve miles in circumference)
to the extremities of the globe;Monarch of all Monarchs;
taller than the sons of men;whose feet press down to
the center,and whose head strikes against the sun;at I.The Pilgrim’s Progress whose nod the princes of the earth shake their knees;
pleasant as spring,comfortable as summer,fruitful as
autumn,dreadful as winter.
16.Then where are our relatives?My father?Our family friends?
You claim the rights of a mother;the right to call me fool
and child;to speak to me as no woman in authority over J.Gulliver’s Travels me at college dare speak to me;to dictate my way of life;
and to force on me the acquaintance of a brute whom anyone
can see to be the most vicious sort of London man about town.
II.Explain the following literary terms.(20points)
17.Puritanism
18.Theatre of the Absurd
19.Metaphysical Conceit
20.Romanticism
21.Local Colorism
III.Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them.(24points)
Passage1
Some say the world will end in fire
Some say in ice.
From what I’ve tasted of desire,
I hold with those who favor fire,
But if it had to be perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great,
And would suffice.
22.Questions:What type of poem does this poem belong to?What is the symbolic meaning of the fire and ice?What is the possible way to solve the problem?
Passage2
I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts,which I hope will not be liable to the least objection.
I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious,nourishing,and wholesome food,whether stewed,roasted,baked,or boiled;and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout.
I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children,already computed,twenty thousand may be reserved for breed,whereof only one fourth part to be males,which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle,or swine;and my reason is that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage,a circumstance not much regarded by our savages,therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females.That the remaining hundred thousand may at a year old be offered in sale to the person of quality and fortune through the kingdom,always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month,so as to render them plump and fat for a good table.A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends，and when the family dines alone,the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish;and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day,especially in winter.
23.Questions:What is the author’s proposal?What do you think is his real idea behind it?What kind of tone is shown in the passage?Explain it with specific quotations from the passage.。