牛津译林8A_U1-U3_知识梳理

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8A Unit 1 知识梳理
一．重点单词：
A四会单词：
1. more adj. 更多
2. nothing pron. 没什么东西（事情）
3. bowl n. 碗
4. honest adj. 诚实的
5. secret n.. 秘密，秘密的
6. joy n.. 欢乐,高兴,乐趣
7. special adj. 特别的，特殊的8.sad adj. 难过的，另人难过的
9.believe vt. 相信10.magazine n.. 杂志
11.good-looking adj. 好看的，漂亮的11.slim adj. 苗条的
12.willing\ready adj. 乐意的，愿意的13.singer n. 歌手
14.almost adv. 几乎，差不多15.eyesight n. 视力
16.round adj. 圆形的17.smart adj. 聪明的
18.bored adj. 无聊的19.joke n. 玩笑
20.fit vi. 可容纳，装进21.off prep 离开，脱离
22.advertisement n. 广告adv. 下班，休息
23.everyone pron. 每个人24.true adj. 忠实的；真的；真实的
25.thin adj. 瘦的；薄的26.square adj. 正方形的；平方的
27.handsome adj. 英俊的n. 正方形；广场
28.cheerful adj. 令人快乐的；快乐的29.printer n. 打印机
30.height n. 高；高度31. competition n. 竞赛，比赛；竞争
32.test n;vt. .测试，考查33.camping n. 露营；野营
34.outdoor adj. 户外的，露天的35.activity n. 活动
36.solve vt. 解答；解决37.social adj. 社会的
38.future adj. 将来的,未来的39.become vt. 成为; vi 变得
n. 将来，未来40.famous adj. 著名的
41.agree vi. 同意，赞同42.runner n. 奔跑的人
43.reader n. 读者43.nervous adj. 紧张不安的
44.uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的45.miss vt.. 想念
46.advice n. 建议；忠告47.smiling adj. 微笑的，带着笑容的
48.dark adj. 深色的49.general adj. 大体的，笼统的，总的
50.fat adj. 肥胖的51.pleasant adj. 另人愉快的；舒适的
52.wear vt. 面露，面带53.climbing n. 攀登，攀爬
54.exciting adj. 另人兴奋的，使人激动的55.correctly adv. 正确的
B．词形转换：
1.honest (an…)
2.special（adj.）---specially (adv)
3.joy (n.)---joyful (adj.)
4. sad (adj.) --- sadness (n.)
5.Teenager (n.)---teenage(adj.)
6.music (n.) ---musical (adj.)
7.slim ---(slimmer) 8.humour (n.)---humorous (adj.)
9.advertise (v.)--- advertisement (n.) 10.true(adj.)---- truly(adv.) truth(n.)
11.thin---thinner 12.cheer(v.)--- cheerful (adj.)
13.print(v.)---printer (n.) 14.good\well---better best
15.high(n.)---height(n.) 16.advice(n.)---advise(v.)
17.pleasant (pleased) adj. 18.exciting(excited) adj.
二．重点短语：
1.something to drink 一些喝的东西
2.some more food 再来一些食物
3.nothing else没什么其他的东西
4.talk to\with sb about sth和某人谈论某事
5.a Grade 8 student 八年级的学生
6. keep secrets保守秘密
7.make me happy使我快乐
8. share my joy分享我的快乐
9.share sth with sb和某人分享某物
10.one of my best friend 我最好的一个朋友
11.be willing\ ready to do愿意干某事
12. think of想起
13.give one’s seat to sb 让位给某人
14.help sb. with sth. 帮助某人干某事
15.someone in need 处于需要的某个人
16.travel around the world 环游世界
17.grow up 长大
18. poor eyesight 视力很差
19.because of 因为
20.make him look smart使他看上去很聪明
21.a good sense of humor幽默感
22. make sb. laugh使某人笑
23.say a bad word about sb说关于某人的坏话
24.wear glasses带眼镜
25.a friend named…有一个叫…的朋友
26.be generous to sb 对某人慷慨
27.shoulder-length hair 齐肩长发
28. tell jokes 说笑话
29.vote for 投票给。

30. good-looking 好看的
31.square face 方脸
32. walk past 经过
33.knock over our books碰撞掉我们的书
34.knock our books off the desks把书从课桌上撞掉
35.listen to one’s problems倾听某人的问题
36.solve problems解决某人的问题
37.make friends with 与某人交朋友
38. tell sb about sth告诉某人某事
39.try one’s best to do sth.尽力去做某事
40. a true friend 一个真正的朋友
41.next to 在。

的隔壁
42. have problems with在某方面有问题
43.move to搬到。

44.fell really uncomfortable 感觉真的不舒服
45.during lunchtime 在午餐间
46. sit alone一个人坐
47.give sb. some advice (on) 在某方面给某人建议
48.both…and…既。

又
49.in the future在将来
50. look sporty看上去很运动
51.smiling eyes 微笑的眼睛
52.wear a smile on one’s face某人脸上面带笑容
53.dark brown深褐色
54.live next door 住在隔壁
55.get to know sb.开始认识某人
56.believe what he says 相信他说的话
三．重点语句：
1.Can I have something to drink?我可以要一些喝的东西吗？
当我们表达一种请求、建议或希望得到对方肯定回答时，一般疑问句可用some.、something. 例：Do you want some more food? Would you like something else?
2.however, he has poor eyesight because of working on the computer too much at night.
然而，他的视力很差，因为他晚上用了太长时间的电脑。

（1）eyesight是不可数名词。

（2）because of后接名词，代词或v.ing形式，because后接原因状语从句。

例：He didn’t catch the train because of getting up too late.
He didn’t catch the train because he got up too late.
（3）Too much与用法相同，用于修饰不可数名词，或用在动词后面做宾语，替代不可数名词，表示“太多”；much too表示“太”与too用法相近，后接形容词或副词原级。

too many用于修饰可数名词，表示“太多”.
3.She is slimmer than I am..
(1)两者或两部分进行比较用”形容词或副词的比较级+than”表示。

三者或三者以上进行比较用最高级，用of 或in来加比较范围
例：My book is more interesting than yours.
形容词的比较级的构成
A单音节词末尾加er或est
B以e结尾的双音节词，只加r或st。

nice—nicer
C以辅音加y结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，再加er或est
例heavy—heavier\heaviest healthy—healthier\healthiest
D闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est
例slim big fat red thin hot sad等词都须双写最后一个字母再加er或est
E其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加上more或most
F不规则变化的有
good\well ----better-----best bad\badly\ill-----worse-----worst -
many\ much -----more----most little-----less----least
farther---farthest 表距离
far
further---furthest 表程度
(2)表示两者相等”用as+形容词或副词原级+as+比较对象。

例：My book is as interesting as yours.
(3) 表示“不如” 用not so\as+形容词或副词原级+as+比较对象,或“less +形容词或副词原级+than+比较对象。

例：Your book is not so\as interesting as mine.= Your book is less interesting than mine.
4．What about playing football? 踢足球怎么样？
表示建议的：What about=how about +名词\代词宾格\动名词
Why not=why don’t\doesn’t\didn’t+ 主语+动词原形
Let’s… shall we…+动词原形
5.I never feel bored or unhappy when he is with me.当他和我在一起时，我从未感到乏味或不高兴。

bored是形容词，指人所处的状态，意为“感到厌倦的”。

boring也是形容词，指令人厌倦的人或事，意为“令人觉得单调乏味”
例句：The film is so boring that I feel bored very much.
四．话题作文：
本单元要学会用一些形容词来描述人的特征。

例文：根据下面所给出的王强的个人档案,以"My Good Friend"为题,写一篇短文,介绍他的基本情况。

要求:
1. 条理清楚,意思连贯,语句通顺,标点正确,书写清晰、规范。

2. 要将下表的内容基本体现在文章中。

3. 词数: 60-80。

My Good Friend
I have a good friend. He is a Chinese boy of 13. His name is Wang Qiang. His face is round and his eyes are small but bright. He has short and black hair. He is handsome and attractive. He studies at No.10 Middle School. He is good at Maths and physics. He likes playing basketball very much. He likes watching TV and playing computer games, too. He is very honest and friendly. He is always ready to help others. What a good friend!
8A Unit 2 知识梳理
一、重点单词：
A四会单词：
1.British daj. 英国的
2. lift n. 电梯
3.post n. 邮件
4.eraser n. 橡皮
5.fall n. 秋天
6. vacation n. 假日，假期
7. math n. 数学8. movie n. 电影
9. mixed adj. 男女混合；混合的10.subject n. 科目
11.sew vi. 逢，做针线活12.myself pron. 我自己
13.tasty adj. 味道好的14.even adv. 甚至
15.guys n. 朋友们，各位16. practice vi. & vt. 练习，操练
17.hero n. 被崇拜的对象；英雄18. close adj. 密切的，亲密的
19. taste n. 味道vi. & vt. 尝（起来）品尝20. article n. 文章
21. art n.美术；艺术22. geography n. 地理；地理学
23. language n. 语言24.PE 体育（课）
25.science n. 科学26. useful adj. 有用的；有益的
27. unimportant adj. 不重要的28. useless adj. 无用的
29. unpopular adj. 不受欢迎的；不流行的30.point n. 分数
31. least adj. 最少的32. health n. 健康
33. able adj. 能够……的34. tonight adv. 今晚
35.monkey n. 猴子36. finish vi. 结束，停止vt.结束，完成
37.table tennis 乒乓球38. chess n. 国际象棋
B词形变换
British(adj)—Britain(n) mix(v)—mixed(adj)
taste(v)—tasty(adj) hero—heroes
useful—useless popular—unpopular
heath(n)—healthy(adj) long(adj)—length(n)
science-scientist
二、重点词组
1. What’s …like?……怎么样？
2. be like watching TV就象看电视
3. ideal school life理想的学校生活
4. fewer advertisements更少的广告
5. life in a British school英式学校的生活
6. in Year 8 /in 8th grade在八年级
7. a mixed school一所男女混合学校
8. have lessons together一起上课
9. my favourite subject我最喜爱的科目
10. how to cook and sew如何做饭和缝纫
11. cook healthy and tasty meals做健康美味的饭菜
12. a reading week阅读周
13. last year去年
14. bring in books and magazines from home把家里的书和杂志带来
15. near the end of each class临近每节课结束时
16. at the end of在……尽头
17. have driving lessons上驾驶课程
18. drive me to school开车送我上学
19. take school bus搭乘校车
20. twice a week一周两次
21. play softball打垒球
21. at a buddy club在好友俱乐部
22.练习做某事practice doing Sth.
23.每个周一every Monday
24.非常喜欢enjoy … a lot
25.全面了解我的新学校learn all about my new school
26.开心的互相交谈have a great time talking to each other
27.单词的含义the meaning of the words
28.密友a close friend
29.有很好的口味with a pleasant taste
30.在回家的路上on the way home
31.在午饭时间at lunchtime
32.告诉我更多关于她的情况tell me more about her
33.读一篇由来自美国女孩写的文章read an article by a girl from the USA
34.非常崇拜的某个人someone you admire very much
35.不准上课讲话mustn’t talk in class
36.在16岁时at the age of 16
37.回复write...back
38…的数目the number of…
39.暑假的长度length of summer holiday
40穿校服wear uniforms
41.和……一样the same as\be alike
42.和……不同be different from
43.电脑课computer studies
44.得分最少score the fewest points
45.拥有的钱最少have the least money
46.多休假几周have more weeks off
47.在夏季in the summertime
48.在线聊天chat online
49.花更少的时间做家庭作业spend less time doing homework
50.多远how far
51.如果下雨下雪呢？What if it rains or snows?
52.经常下雪snow very often
53.介意做某事mind Sb./one’s doing Sth.
54.待在医院一个月stay in hospital for a month
55.能够be able to
56.向窗外看look out of the window
57.上电视be on TV
58.搬家去某地move to someplace
59.课后活动after-school activities
60.有一小时时间吃午饭have an hour for lunch
61.戴领带wear ties
62.一个有许多有用书籍的大图书馆a big library with lots of useful books
63.与……一样大小the same size as…
64.在周末at weekends
65.有半小时的家庭作业have half an hour of homework
66.举行一次去博物馆的学校郊游go on a school trip to a museum
三、重点语句：
1.Daniel has fewer CDs than Kitty.
比较两件或两件以上事物的多少可用以下的词：
多：many (可数) ---more---most
much (不可数) ---more---most
少：few (可数) ---fewer---fewest
little (不可数)---less---least
例：Nancy has more\ less free time than John.
I join more \ fewer clubs than Tom.
She has the most\least money.
2.John’s school shirt and Daniel’s school shirt are alike.
比较两事物的像可用be like\be alike\be the same…as
例如上句还可等于
John’s school is like Daniel’s school.
John’s school is the same as Daniel’s school.
John’s school shirt and Daniel’s school shirt are the same.
Amy’s pen is the same colour as Kitty’s pen.
比较两事物的不同可用be different from
Life in the south is quite different from that in the north.
3.what’s…..like? 意为…怎么样？
What’s the weather like in NanJing?南京的天气怎么样？
What’s the girl like?那个女孩长什么样？（或：那个女孩是怎么样的人？）但注意区别：What does the girl like? 那个女孩喜欢什么?
4.形容词的反义词构成：
（1）把ful变成less如：useful---------useless
careful--------careless
（2）加前缀un 如：
important----unimportant
popular-------unpopular
healthy-------unhealthy
pleasant-----unpleasant
comfortable----uncomfortable
grateful----------ungrateful
helpful-----------unhelpful
kind--------------unkind
happy-----------unhappy
（3）还有些不加前缀也不加后缀easy-------difficult
boring--- -interesting
5.we want to read all our classmates’ books as well.我们也想读所有同学的书。

(1)as well 表示“也”一般用于肯定句和疑问句，一般放在句子末尾。

too一般用于肯定句和疑问句either用于否定句，一般放在句子末尾
而also一般放在句子中间.
(2)as well as表示既。

又不但。

而且。

例he speaks English as well as French.他不但会说法语而且会说英语。

He as well as I is on duty.不仅是我，他也在值班。

（注意本句谓语动词）6.we always have a great time talking to each other.我们总是很愉快的互相交谈。

(1) have a great\good\wonderful time doing sth
例：I think you must have a good time flying the kite in the park yesterday.
(2) each与every都与单数名词连用，且意义相近但也有一定区别：
a. each强调个体，every强调整体。

Every student in our school works hard. (强调整体)
Each student may have one book.. (强调个体)
b. every 指三者或三者以上的人或物each指两个或两个以上的人或物
例：___of the two has a nice card. (each)
c. every只作形容词，不可单独使用。

each可作代词或形容词,可单独使用。

e. every有反复重复的意思，如every two weeks.
f. every 与not连用表示部分否定，而each与not连用表示全部否定.
Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。

Each man is not honest. 每个人都不诚实。

四．话题作文。

本单元以学校生活为主要话题，参考课本p24和p36 内容，联系实际谈谈我们的学校生活或理想中的学校生活。

范文：
My ideal school
My ideal school stars at 8 a.m. and finishes at 3 p.m.
I love sports and computers, so we have PE and computer studies every day. The classes are quite small.
There are 20 students in each class.
There is a big dining hall where we can eat and chat with our friends. there is a park on one side of our school and a shopping mall on the other. We have a big library. We also have a tennis court and a swimming pool.
There are lots of clubs and after-school activities .Every month, we go on a school trip to a museum or a theatre.
8A Unit3 知识梳理
一、重点单词
1.ourselves (我们自己) yourself (你自己) yourselves(你们自己) themselves (他们自己)
herself (她自己) himself (他自己) myself (我自己) itself (它自己)
2. begi n → beginning (开始)
3. interest→interesting (兴趣；有趣的)
4.real →really (真的；真实地)
5.beauty(美丽；美人)→beautiful (美丽的)
6.possible(可能的)→possibly
7.wonder(想知道；奇迹)→wonderful(极好的；美妙的)
8.climber(登山者)→climb (攀登) 9.final(最后的)→ finally(最后)
10.luck(幸运)→lucky(走运的) →luckily(幸运地)
11.support(支持)→supporter(支持者) 12.win（赢；获胜）→winner（获胜者）
13.bad(糟糕的；坏的)→badly（拙劣的） 14.slow（慢的）→slowly（缓慢地）
15.sunset（日落）→sunrise（日出）
二、重点短语
1.爬山climb the hill
2.需要锻炼need to exercise
3.保持健康keep fit/healthy
4.玩得开心enjoy oneself/ have fun/ have a good time
5.乘船旅行take a boat trip
6.从--- 旁经过go/walk past
7.保重take care
8.在塞那河畔by the River Seine
9.在--- 的顶部on the top of
10.美国总统the president of the USA
11.邀请我加入阅读俱乐部invite me to join the reading club
12.在--- 开始的时候at the beginning of
13.在学校门口at the school gate
14.上车get on ( a bus)
15.在下半场in the second half
16.下车get off ( a bus)
17.到达arrive at/in get to reach
18.由--- 制成be made of
19.不再not--- any more/ no more
20.感到开心feel happy
21.名胜places of interes
22.歌舞游行the song and dance parade
23.自学做网页teach oneself to make a home page
24.看一看--- take a look at---
25.枫叶maple leaves
26.遥远的far away
27.骑马go horse riding/ ride a horse
28.决定做某事decide to do sth
29.看日落watch the sunset
30.开始玩捉迷藏begin to play hide-and-seek
31.在决赛中in the final
32.发生, 进行take place
33.旅行的费用the cost of the trip
34.每人per person
35.尽可能快的as soon as possible
三、重点语句
1. Yesterday, I took a boat trip under the famous Harbour and went past the Opera House.(page39)
昨天我坐船游览了著名的港湾大桥，途中经过了歌剧院。

①go past表示“经过”past是介词，常有go, walk, drive, run等动词连用，如:He just walked past me a few minutes ago.
几分钟前他刚从我身边走过。

He ran past the finishing line first.
他第一个越过了终点线。

2.It was a great day but we did not enjoy it at the beginning. (Page40)
那天很愉快，但是开始时，我们有点不舒服。

①at the beginning表示“开始，起初”，强调开始的时间和地点。

常用的短语结构还有at the beginning of something.如:
We are going to Japan at the beginning of July.
我们准备七月初去日本。

①另外,in the beginning也表示“开始，起初”，它相当于at first与later, finally等词相对应。

如:
In the beginning, there was a lot of traffic on the city roads, but finally it got better when we were on the highway. 开始时，路上的交通很拥挤，但最后到了高速公路上时就好多了。

3.it is made of metal and really tall.(Page41) 它是由金属制成的，而且真的非常高。

①be made of 表示“由……制成”，强调从制成的成品上还能看得出原材料。

如：The desk is made of
wood
这张桌子是木制的。

②如果从成品上已经看不出原材料，则用be made from.如：
Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是由葡萄酿成的。

③另一个词组be made in则表示“在……地方制造”。

如：
The toys are made in Shanghai.
这些玩具是在上海生产的。

④还有一个词组be made by表示“由某人（公司）生产”如：The watch is made by Mr Brown
手表是由布朗先生制造的。

4. There are models of ever a hundred places of interest from all over the world. (Page41)
这里有一百多个世界各地景点的模型。

Place of interest表示“景点”，这里的interest解释为“令人感兴趣的（事或人）”interest还可解释为“兴趣”，常用的短语有show/have interest in (doing) something,表示“对……（做）某事感兴趣”。

如：Daniel shows great interest in computer.
丹尼尔对电脑很感兴趣。

①interest的形容词形式。

interesting表示“有趣的”。

如：
The trip to the world parks is very interesting.
去世界公园的旅行很有趣。

5. They kept their secrets to themselves.(Page49)
他们保守着这个秘密。

①Keep something to oneself表示“不将某事说出去”，如:
She always keeps her ideas to herself.
她总是不把自己的想法告诉别人。

②另外,keep secrets for sb表示“某人保守秘密”。

如：
Thank you so much for keeping the secret for me.
非常感谢你帮我保守那个秘密。

6.使用“and”/“but”/“or”
我们使用“and, but ,or”把想法连接在一起。

用“and”将相似的想法连接在一起，用“but”将不同的想法连接，用“or”连接选择性想法。

（当两个主语相同时，我们就不用重复第一个）
We saw the model Eiffel Tower. We liked it very much.
We saw the model Eiffel Tower and liked it very much.
The model pyramids were small. The pyramids looked like the real ones.
The model pyramids were small but looked like the real ones.
We can visit the World Park or travel around the world.
当谓语相同时，后面一个谓语可省略。

The model Golden Gate Bridge was huge. The model Golden Gate Bridge was wonderful.
The model Golden Gate Bridge was huge and wonderful.
The model Golden Gate Bridge was small. The model Golden Gate Bridge was wonderful.
The model Golden Gate Bridge was small but wonderful.
We can go there by coach. We can go there by underground
We can go there by coach or by underground.
Grammar
使用动词+动词不定式。

通常这些单词与动词不定式连用agree choose decide hope learn plan prepare want等。

句型与例句
1.what / how about…？……怎么样?
It’s too hot. What about going swimming?
2.be willing / ready to do sth.愿意做某事
I’m willing /ready to help you with your English.
3.Share sth with sb和某人分享某物
He shares one room with her brother
4.have some problems/difficulty with…在……上有困难
Do you have any problems with your friends?
5.vote for/ against sb赞同/反对某人
Who are you going to vote for？
6.make sb do sth让某人做某事
The teacher made him go home after school.
7.drive sb to…开车送某人去……
Place drive my grandfather to the bus station.
8.have a great /good /nice/wonderful time doing sth做某事很高兴
She had a wonderful time dancing at the party
9. have (not/no)…time for (doing) sth.(没)有时间做某事
My English teacher has no time for watching TV.
10.…on one side,…on the other side.……在一边，……在另一边
There’s a garden on one side, and a cinema on the other side.
11.invite sb to do sth.邀请某人做某事
I’ll invite him to join me in a walk.
12.teach oneself …自学……
I taught myself Japanese at home last year.
13.Thank you for doing sth因做某事而感激某人
Thank you for helping me with the housework.
四、话题作文
你的网络朋友即将来拜访你，你为了迎接她，想把她带出去玩一天，地点在南山。

你正在为了这一天的行
程做计划，并且写一封邀请信给你的同学。

要求; 1写出地点，时间（南山South Hill Sunday）
2准备要进行的一些活动。

如: 唱歌、野炊、捉迷藏
3.最后要拍照留念。

注意要点明在何时何地见面，如何前往南山，简要的概括一下。