高考英语语法点,高一必修3---不定式

不定式
【语境展示一】观察下面各句中不定式的用法，然后加以总结。

1. Would you help me to put things in order?
2. She woke to see Ben standing by the window.
3. She's said to be writing a novel.
4. Phillip is said to have left Shanghai.
5. They were all waiting for the gate to be opened.
6. It was his bad fortune to have been injured.
7. We decided not to buy that house.
【自我归纳一】通过观察上面的句子，我们可归纳出：
☆不定式的形式及含义
☆不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to前加not（句7）。

【语境展示二】观察下面各句中不定式的用法，然后加以总结。

1. To answer that question is difficult.
2. It is foolish to read such a book.
3. I can't stand to see you like this.
4. He is finding it difficult to finish the task.
5. My only wish is to do something for the public.
6. The manager asked them to leave.
7. What's the right way to address the Queen?
8. He was doing this to make me more relaxed.
9. Jerry was very disappointed to hear it.
10. I ran to the station only to find that the train had left.
【自我归纳二】通过观察上面的句子，我们可归纳出不定式可在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。

具体用法如下：
☆作主语。

一般表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用第三人称单数；有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式放在谓语后面（句1和句2）。

☆作宾语。

若带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置（句3和句4）。

☆作表语。

常用来说明主语的具体内容（句5）。

注意：不定式作表语时，其主语除了表示意向、打算、计划等的词之外，常见的还有idea, task, purpose, duty, dream等。

如：
The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.
Her dream is to make a movie.
☆作宾语补足语，常用来补充说明宾语要干什么（句6）。

☆作定语，位于所修饰的词之后（句7）。

☆作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等（句8、句9、句10）。

【语境展示三】观察下面各句中不定式的用法，然后加以总结。

1. The little boy does nothing but cry.
2. I had no choice but to cancel my holiday.
3. I can't but accept this suggestion.
4. We cannot choose but observe the rules.
5. Lee can't help but agree with her.
6. The only thing he can do now is (to) give up the plan.
【自我归纳三】通过观察上面的句子，我们可归纳出：
☆连词but之前如有动词do，其后的不定式通常不带to；but之前如无do，其后的不定式一般要带to（句1和句2）。

☆can't but, can't choose but, can't help but之后的不定式一般不带to（句3、句4、句5）。

☆动词不定式作表语，说明实义动词do的具体内容时，既可带to也可不带to （句6）。

【即学即练】选用括号内合适的内容补全下面短文。

A
It may be impossible to advise my mother 1. ________ (giving up / to give up) her job even though she’s having health problems. We can’t even get her to cut down on her working hours, because she enjoys 2. ________ (working / to work) so much. I admire her for her enthusiasm (热情), but I also want her 3. ________ (taking care of / to take care of) her health.
B
Traffic has become too heavy for the Steinbergs 1. ________ (going / to go) to work in the city. They’re considering 2. ________ (moving / to move) to an apartment close to their places of work. They don’t want to gi ve up their present home, but they need 3. ________ (living / to live) in the city to be closer to their companies so they can spend more time 4. ________ (to do / doing) the things they really enjoy in their free time.
答案
A. 1. to give up 2. working 3. to take care of
B. 1. to go 2. moving 3. to live 4. doing。