英语国家概况(1)课程第2次形成性考核答案和讲评

英语国家概况（1）课程形成性考核题
英语国家概况（1）课程第2次形成性考核答案和讲评
（Unit 06-10）
The United Kingdom (II)
I. True or False:
Unit 6 British Literature
(T) 01. The early British literature was concerned with Christianity, and Anglo-Saxons produced many versions of the Bible. (Unit 6)
(F) 02. There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual life in Europe during the 17th and 18th century
which is known as “The Renaissance”. (Unit 6)
There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual life in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries which is known as “The Renaissance”. (T)
(T) 03. Keats, Shelley and Byron brought the Romantic Movement to its height. (Unit 6)
(T) 04. Robinson Crusoe tells the story of a shipwreck and a solitary survival. (Unit 6)
(F) 05. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with the power of reason than with imagination and
feeling. (Unit 6)
Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason. (T)
(F) 06. Thomas Hardy, t he author of Tess of the D’Urbervilles, was a first-class novelist but a second-class poet.
(Unit 6)
Thomas Hardy, the author of Tess of the D’Urbervilles, was not only a first-class novelist but also a first-class poet. (T)
Unit 7 British Education System
(F) 07. The purpose of British education is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills. (Unit 7)
The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize the children. (T)
(T) 08. The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities “meritocratic”. (Unit 7)
(F) 09. British universities are mainly private bodies which collect funds by themselves. (Unit 7)
British universities are mainly public bodies which receive funds from the central government. (T) (T) 10. In Oxford and Cambridge, the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee. (Unit 7) (F) 11. Grammar schools in Britain select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a language education.
(Unit 7)
Grammar schools in Britain select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education.
(T)
(T) 12. Comprehensive schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities. (Unit 7)
Unit 8 British Foreign Relations
(F) 13. When the Second World ended, Britain no longer was the largest military power in Western Europe.
(Unit 8)
When the Second World ended, Britain was the largest military power in Western Europe. (T)
(F) 14. According to Unit 8, the most single important factor which influences British contemporary foreign
policy is its history. (Unit 8)
According to Unit 8, the contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial
history and also by its geographical traits. (T)
(T) 15. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. (Unit 8) (F) 16. Britain is a parliamentary monarch. (Unit 8)
Britain is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarch. (T)
(T) 17. Britain hosts a large military American presence and there are some American military bases in the UK.
(Unit 8)
(F) 18. Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement with some European countries on defence
policy. (Unit 8)
Britain is a member of the NATO despite its disagreement with some European countries on defence policy. (T)
Unit 9 The British Media
(T) 19. On an average day, an overwhelming majority of Britons over the age 15 read a national or local paper.
(Unit 9)
(F) 20. The British media play an important role in shaping a national education. (Unit 9)
The British media play an important role in shaping a national culture. (T)
(T) 21. Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog of parliamentary democracy. (Unit 9)
(F) 22. The tabloids are larger format newspapers with colour photos and catchy headlines. (Unit 9)
The tabloids are smaller format newspapers with colour photos and catchy headlines. (T)
(T) 23. The British Broadcasting Corporation is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a licence each year for their TV set. (Unit 9)
(F) 24. The BBC World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 24 other
languages throughout the world. (Unit 9)
The BBC World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 42 other languages throughout the world. (T)
Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festival in Britain
(F) 25. The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Buddhism. (Unit 10)
The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church. (T)
(F) 26. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the modern soldiers. (Unit 10)
The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. (T)
(F) 27. The game of Golf was invented by the Irish. (Unit 10)
The game of Golf was invented by the Scottish. (T)
(T) 28. The extremist animal-lovers’ group would like to have horse-racing banned. (Unit 10)
(T) 29. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British. (Unit 10) (T) 30. In Ireland, New Year’s Eve called Hogmanay (December 31st) is the major winter celebration. (Unit 10)
II. Choose the best answer:
Unit 6 British Literature
01. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer? (Unit 6) Key A
A. The Canterbury Tales.
B. Beowulf.
C. King Lear.
D. Le Morte D’Arthur.
02. Which literary form flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature? (Unit 6)
Key C
A. Novel.
B. Essay.
C. Drama.
D. Poetry.
03. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism? (Unit 6) Key D
A. Keats.
B. Shelley.
C. Wordsworth.
D. Defoe.
04. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? (Unit 6) Key B
A. Dr. Faustus
B. Macbeth.
C. Frankenstein.
D. The Tempest.
05. Which of the following writers was NOT associated with Modernism? (Unit 6) Key C
A. D. H. Lawrence.
B. E. M. Foster.
C. Charles Dickens.
D. Virginal Woolf.
06. Which of the following writers wrote the book “1984” that began “Postmodernism” in British literature”?
(Unit 6) Key A
A. George Orwell.
B. Robert L. Stevenson.
C. D. H. Lawrence.
D. Virginia Woolf.
Unit 7 British Education System
07. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to ______. (Unit 7) Key C
A. private schools
B. independent schools
C. state schools
D. public schools
08. In Britain, children from the age 5 to 16 ______. (Unit 7) Key B
A. can legally receive partly free education
B. can legally receive completely free education
C. can not receive free education at all
D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich
09. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? (Unit 7) Key D
A. The University of Cambridge.
B. The University of Oxford.
C. The University of Edinburgh.
D. The University of Buckingham.
10. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University? (Unit 7) Key C
A. It’s open to everybody.
B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.
C. No university degree is awarded.
D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, email and internet, etc.
11. In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ______. (Unit 7)
Key A
A. grammar schools
B. comprehensive schools
C. public schools
D. technical schools
12. Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system? (Unit 7) Key D
A. It’s run by the state.
B. It’s funded by the state.
C. It’s supervised by the state.
D. It’s dominated by the state.
Unit 8 British Foreign Relations
13. Britain had a big influence on the post-World War II international order because ______. (Unit 8)
Key B
A. it used to be a great imperial power
B. it used to be a great imperial power
C. it defeated Hitler’s army
D. it got support from its former colonies.
14. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? (Unit 8) Key C
A. France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain.
B. The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.
C. China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States.
D. Britain, China, France, the United States and Japan.
15. How much of the globe did Great Britain rule in its imperial prime? (Unit 8) Key B
A. One fourth of the globe.
B. One fifth of the globe.
C. One third of the globe.
D. Two thirds of the globe.
16. Which of the following is not involved in making British foreign policy? (Unit 8) Key A
A. The Queen of the UK.
B. The Foreign Commonwealth Office.
C. The Prime Minister.
D. The Cabinet.
17. Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapon capabilities? (Unit 8)Key C
A. Britain
B. The United States
C. Germany
D. France.
18. The Commonwealth is an organization of ______ that were once part of the British Empire. (Unit 8)
Key B
A. about 40 countries
B. about 50 countries
C. about 60 countries
D. about 70 countries
Unit 9 The British Media
19. Which of the following is the world’s oldest national newspaper? (Unit 9)Key C
A. The Times.
B. The Guardian.
C. The Observer.
D. The Financial Times.
20. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper? (Unit 9) Key D
A. The Telegraph.
B. The News of the World.
C. The Guardian.
D. The Times
21. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because ______.
(Unit 9) Key A
A. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government
B. it informs people to current affairs in the world
C. it provides people with subjective reports
D. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament
22. How many newspapers are there in Britain? (Unit 9) Key D
A. About 100.
B. About 140.
C. About 150.
D. About 150.
23. Which of the following about the BBC is NOT true? (Unit 9) Key C
A. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programmes.
B. The BBC is funded by licence fee paid by people who possess television sets.
C. The BBC has four channels.
D. The BBC provides the World Service throughout the world.
24. Which of the following newspapers is a tabloid? (Unit 9) Key A
A. The News of the World.
B. East Enders.
C. The Telegraph.
D. The Guardian.
Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festival in Britain
25. Which of the following was NOT invented in Britain? (Unit 10) Key C
A. Football.
B. Tennis.
C. Basketball.
D. Cricket.
26. Where is the International tennis championships held? (Unit 10) Key B
A. Wembley.
B. Wimbledon.
C. London.
D. Edinburgh.
27. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? (Unit 10) Key D
A. Cricket.
B. Skiing.
C. Golfing
D. Horse racing.
28. Easter commemorates ______. (Unit 10) Key C
A. the birth of Jesus Christ
B. the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ
C. the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ
D. the coming of spring
29. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday? (Unit 10) Key C
A. Bonfires.
B. The Orange March.
C. Trooping the Colour.
D. Masquerades.
30. On which day is Halloween celebrated? (Unit 10) Key A
A. October 31st.
B. November 5th.
C. March 17th.
D. December 25th.
III. E xplain the following terms:
Unit 6 British Literature
61. The Renaissance (Unit 6)
The Renaissance is the period of time in Europe between 14th and 17th centuries, when art, literature, philosophy, and scientific ideas became very important and a lot of new art etc. was produced.
62. Romanticism (Unit 6)
Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason. A volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence”. Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the Romantic Movement to its height. The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel.
63. Modernism (Unit 6)
Modernism refers to a form of literature mainly written before World War II. It is characterised by a high degree of experimentation. It can be seen s a reaction against the 19th century forms of Realism. Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, Modernism writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action. One of the most famous English Modernist writers is Virginia Woolf.
Unit 7 British Education System
64. Independent schools (Unit 7)
Independent schools are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government assistance. Independent schools are not part of national education system, but quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools. These schools are restricted to the students whose parents are
comparatively rich.
65. The Open University (Unit 7)
The Open University was founded in Br itain in the 1960’s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons. It’s open to everybody and does not demand the same educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are followed through TV, radio, videos and a net work of study centres. At the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree.
Unit 8 British Foreign Relations
66. The foundation of British foreign policy (Unit 8)
The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geographical traits. As Britain lost its empire recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs. Another decisive influence upon the way Britain handles its external affairs is geopolitical attitude to Europe.
67. Britain and the EU (Unit 8)
Britain joined the European Community in 1973 which is now called the EU. Britain’s pa rticipation in the EU remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear about what the EU is and what it will become. The UK has always been interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area. Britain likes to regard the EU as a place where economic cooperation is possible and where a flow of trained personnel and goods are possible. But Britain has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty to the EU.
68. Britain and the United States (Unit 8)
The British foreign policy is also affected by its relationship with the United States. During World War II, the two countries were closely allied and continued to work together closely in the postwar years, because they had many things in common about the past and the world situation. Even today, Britain and American policy-makers share the general ideas in many respects. The British are beginning to realize that their own foreig n policy action can be limited by the U.S., but both sides worked hard to maintain the “special relationship”.
69. The Commonwealth (Unit 8)
The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of former British colonies. There are about 50 members of the Commonwealth: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed countries like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.
Unit 9 The British Media
70. Quality papers (Unit 9)
The quality papers belong to one of the categories of the national dailies. They carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance. They also carry reviews, such as book reviews, and feature articles about high culture. These papers are also referred to as “the broadsheets” because they are printed on large size paper. The readers of such newspapers are generally a well-educated middle class audience.
71. Tabloids (Unit 9)
A tabloid is a small format newspaper with colour photos and catchy headlines. Tabloids are interested in scandals and gossip usually about famous people. They also carry lots of crime, sports and sensational human interest stories so as to attract readers. Stories are short, easy to read and often rely more on opinions than fact. They belong to a catalogue of national papers different from quality papers.
Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festival in Britain
72. Cricket and “fair play” (Unit 10)
Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organised rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally. The reason that fixed rules were applied to cricket so early on was a financial one: aristocrats loved betting on cricket matches and if people were going to risk money on a game, they wanted to ensure that the game would be played fairly. In Britain people from all walks of life play cricket, but in the 19th century, cricket was a sport played mai nly by the upper class. It was a kind of a “snob” game played by boys who attended public schools. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular, the idea of “fair play” which supposedly characterised British government.
73. Wimbledon (Unit 10)
Wimbledon is the name of a London suburb. In Wimbledon, the world’s best players gather to compete on grass courts. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world. Besides actually watching the tennis matches, other activities closely associated with the “Wimbledon fortnight” are eating strawberries and cream,drinking champagne and hoping that it doesn’t rain.。