上海市2024届杨浦区高考一模英语

上海市2024届杨浦区高考一模英语
II.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
Going Hungry in the Land of the Rich
The United States is one of the world's wealthiest countries.Despite this,many Americans struggle just to put healthy food,or any food at all,on the table every day.One might think that a food shortage(21)_________(happen)in America,but this is not the case.There is more than sufficient food for everyone,40%of(22)_________is unfortunately,wasted every day.There are many different ways food(23)_________(waste):farmers only pick the best-looking crops, deliveries aren't made on time,supermarkets throw out extra products,customers buy more than they need,and so on.The highest level of wastage tends to happen in the richest communities.
Meanwhile,people who live in poor or rural areas often have little or no access to food. These areas are called"food deserts."They have fewer supermarkets,and the only food options that they(24)_________afford are often unhealthy ones.Healthy foods(25)_________ _________fresh fruits and vegetables may be impossible to find.Sadly,12.8%of the American population live in the food deserts.
What can we do to help(26)_________who don't have enough food?Shirley and Annie Zhu came up with a solution.In2017,when Hurricane Harvey destroyed over100,000homes in their city,Houston,the sisters got involved.(27)_________helping to clear water from a flooded supermarket,they saw a huge amount of food being wasted.At the same time,thousands of people in the city didn't have enough(28)_________(eat).
The girls set up Fresh Hub with10of their classmates,(29)_________(hope)to do something to help.They created an app which could be used by residents to find out(30) _________fresh food was available.Then they contacted local farmers and supermarkets to ask for their extra food.To date,Fresh Hub has delivered more than15,000pounds of food to people in need.
Section B
Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.normally
B.boost
C.sustain
D.gains
E.assessing
F.substantially
G.efforts H.mixed I.surprising J.anticipate K.assigned
Your Social-Media Detoxes（脱瘾治疗）Probably Aren't Helping You We've all heard the supposed benefits of unplugging from digital devices,even for24hours. Such breaks are said to(31)_________self-confidence,reduce social competitiveness and fears of missing out,and make room for more-enriching,in-person interactions.Yet studies exploring those effects have produced(32)_________results.So a global research team set out to systematically test the idea that social media detoxing delivers meaningful psychological(33) _________.
The researchers recruited600undergraduate students in three places:the United States,the United Kingdom,and Hong Kong.All participants were randomly(34)_________to keep away from social media on either the first or the second day of a two-day experiment.On the other day, they were to interact with the digital platforms as they(35)_________would.Each evening they answered survey questions aimed at(36)_________various aspects of well-being.Contrary to the researchers'expectations,the one-day detox made no noticeable impact on positive or negative emotions,self-confidence,or daily satisfaction.When it did have an effect,it decreased daily satisfaction and social relatedness,although the changes were not significant once the analysis was adjusted to control for gender.Just as(37)_________,people didn't use the time freed up from looking at screens for other forms of socializing.In fact,they reported(38)_________lower levels of face-to-face,phone,and email interactions on their detoxing days.
Even short social-media breaks can be hard to(39)_________--indeed,only half the participants in the experiment did what was required and these results suggest that they may not be worth the(40)_________."We did not find any evidence that social media detoxing for one day had significant positive impacts on psychological well-being,"the researchers write.
III.Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passage,there are four words or phrases marked A,B,
C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Often,we know what makes us happy...but,despite this,often we don't put the theory into action.Why do I(the person who tells you that taking breaks(41)_________stress and makes you more efficient)sit at my computer eating my lunch?I know this is unhelpful for me,so what on earth is going on?It all started at a time of huge pressure when I was training,and I began eating my lunch at my desk to(42)_________time.I did it over and over again until it became (43)_________to my brain.
My brain will choose this route by default（默认情况下）,because it is the most learned behaviour.Something in my office(44)_________(probably my stomach rumbling（发咕咕声）will send a signal to my brain that it's lunchtime,and I will pick up my sandwich and eat it with very little(45)_________.It is a no-brainer to my brain;it's just what it does.
Habits don't(46)_________new learning from the brain;they are stored as a sequence of activities in the brain.The brain adds a routine of behaviours together so they all happen(47)
_________in sequence when activated by a signal(that rumbling stomach)to get us to a reward (my lunch),which(48)_________strengthens that learned behaviour.Your brain uses habits to (49)_________effort and save energy,and will default to these behaviours when signalled.How can we build happiness habits into our lives?
Step1:What is it that you want to do
Decided what you want to(50)_________as small daily habits.Next,think about how and when you will do this.(51)_________,consider the habits that affect happiness negatively and that you want to break.Like me,do you want to(52)_________eating lunch at your desk and get outside instead?
Step2:Be(53)_________about your why
What will you gain from this new happiness habit?Why is it important to you?This helps you to want to make the effort to break your default habits.
Step3:Be specific
Decide when specifically you will(54)_________your new habit and what you will do--for example,"I want to go for a walk to connect with nature at lunchtime."Start as small as you can,because this is more likely to be achievable,repeatable and rewarding--three things were need to happen to shift from a(n)(55)_________new behaviour to a habit.
41.A.increases B.reduces C.suggests D.excludes
42.A.kill B.spend C.save D.make
43.A.habitual B.continual C.relevant D.remote
44.A.context B.council C.entry D.format
45.A.assistance B.appreciation C.appetite D.awareness
46.A.regulate B.require prise D.consume
47.A.subsequently B.collectively C.automatically D.individually
48.A.in turn B.in return C.by far D.by contrast
49.A.enhance B.attain C.reverse D.minimize
50.A.bury B.change C.add D.delete
51.A.Generally B.Alternatively C.Eventually D.Initially
52.A.enjoy B.imagine C.delay D.stop
53.A.crazy B.calm C.clear D.curious
54.A.engage in B.call for C.appeal to D.give up
55.A.hopeful B.hopeless C.effortful D.effortless
Section B
Directions:Read the following two passage.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Homing pigeons combine precise internal compasses and memorized landmarks to re-trace a path back to their lofts--even four years after the previous time they made the trip,a new study shows.
Testing nonhuman memory retention（保持）is challenging;in research studies,"it's rare that there is a gap of several years between when an animal stores the information and when it is next required to retrieve it,"says University of Oxford zoologist Dora Biro.For a recent study in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B,Biro and her colleagues compared domestic homing pigeons' paths three or four years after the birds established routes back to their loft from a farm8.6 kilometers away.The study built on data from a2016experiment in which pigeons learned routes
in different social contexts during several flights--on their own or with peers that did or did not know the way.
Using data from GPS devices temporarily attached to the birds'backs,the researchers compared the flight paths a pack of pigeons took in2019or2020,without the birds visiting the release site in between.Some birds missed a handful of landmarks along the way,but many others took"strikingly similar"routes to those they used in2016,says Oxford zoologist and study
co-author Julien Collect:"It was...as if the last time they flew there was just the day before,not four years ago."
The team found that the pigeons remembered a route just as well if they first flew it alone or with others and fared much better than those that had not made the journey in2016.
The result is not surprising,says Verner Bing-man,who studies animal navigation at Bowling Green State University and was not involved with the study.But it provides new confirmation of homing pigeons'remarkable memory,he says:"It closes the distance a little bit between our self-centered sense of human intellectual abilities and what animals can do."
56.The underlined word"retrieve"is closest in meaning to_________.
A.reserve
B.return
C.recover
D.record
57.Which of the following conclusions may be found in the recent study in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B?
A.Pigeons remember specific routes home after years away.
B.Pigeons remember routes better when flying with others.
C.Pigeons can find their way back though taking different routes.
D.Pigeons can retrace the path home through an attached GPS device.
58.Which of the following is TRUE about the2016experiment?
A.Oxford zoologist Julien Coolet designed the experiment procedure.
B.GPS devices were attached permanently to collect data about flight routes.
C.The experiment was designed to eliminate pigeons that missed key landmarks.
D.Pigeons were made to fly from the release site to their lofts several times.
59.What can be inferred from the best paragraph?
A.Humans need to adopt a more rigid approach to pigeons'memory.
B.Humans are blinded by superiority when it comes to animal intelligence.
C.Riddles about animals are too complex to be solved in the foreseeable future.
D.There have been mixed responses to the findings about pigeons'memory.
(B)
A-Z OF COACHING
Welcome to Barefoot Coaching's A-Z series.We aim to simplify what might otherwise be complex psychological theories and models and talk about them in a way that anybody can understand.We believe that everybody benefits from learning about and practising coaching skills -and it's catching!Coaching spreads into other areas of our life and work and the positive effects are felt far beyond just ourselves.Each issue we will be focusing on a different element of st month we explored Happiness,this month we will focus on Intuition.
'I'IS FOR INTUITION
"There is a voice that doesn't use words.Listen."Rumi
If you have ever followed a"hunch",gone with your gut,listened to your inner voice,or felt"I just know",then you have accessed your intuition.We don't have to reject logic or intellect to embrace intuition-good decisions are often the result of instinct and intellect working together. Here are3ways to improve your intuition:
●Wild writing.Every day for a week,sit quietly and write for5minutes without thinking.Just
let the words appear on the page.Then notice what you learn from your untamed thoughts.
●Walking without purpose.Go for a walk(without your phone or others distractions).Take
notice if you find your attention being drawn to any particular sights or sounds.Identify what feelings,thoughts or meaning they have for you.
●When faced with a decision,ask yourself"What does my head,heart and gut say?" JOIN A FREE TASTER SESSON
SCAN HERE TO FIND OUT MORE AND BOOK YOUR TASTER SESSION
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Tune in to hear how Barefoot trained coaches are making a difference to the lives of others.
FIND OUT MORE
is TRUE about Intuition?
A.It is a born skill that can not be improved.
B.It enables wise decisions when used properly.
C.It is contradictory to the power of reasoning.
D.It guides us to notice the little things in our life.
61._________was most likely the topic for the month before last.
A.Pity.
B.Jazz.
C.Gratitude.
D.Harmony.
62.What can be learned about the Taster Sessions?
A.Each session lasts about3hours.
B.A password is needed for booking a session.
C.They run at a fixed time every day.
D.They are free to regular members only.
(C)
In memory of Eleanor
--a woman_________
[1]Eleanor Lowenthal-my grandmother-om desperate need of income to put her husband through graduate school,walked into the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology.There,she convinced the scientists that she was the perfect person to mount（安放）and catalog their growing ant collection.
[2]At the time,a promising graduate student named E.O.Wilson was coming up in the department.Wilson,who passed away in December2021,was called the"father of biodiversity". When Eleanor joined the department,researchers were racing to collect and catalog specimens（标本）.As Wilson shifted research towards smaller,less glamorous species that nonetheless held ecological significance,he set the stage for conservation biology.Behind the scenes,technicians
like my grandmother preserved the specimen that furthered Wilson's work and continue to provide new insights and opportunities for researchers across the globe.
[3]At the time,hiring a21-year-old woman who had dropped out of art school was a significant gamble.It paid off.Eleanor's job as a technician required the same manual flexibility and coordination that art school had demanded.The job required her to work quickly,yet precisely.Rushing could risk ruining a rare specimen,but Eleanor could process ants as quickly as Wilson could mail them back from his expeditions to Australia and Papua New Guinea.She sometimes mounted as many as200a day.
[4]It wasn't a coincidence that Eleanor found work in entomology.Wilson's high-profile research on ants cracked an opening for women in previously male-dominated field of conservation,which was centered around studying big game in the first half of the20th century.
[5]Even when women's early work has been credited,the language used to describe their contributions often minimized their role in the team,not mentioning them by name.A recently discovered department report includes lines such as,"A large amount of spreading and setting insects was done by the lady assistant,"and"The collection has been remarkably free from pests...due to the continuous care of the lady assistant."
[6]The department now functions like a library(specimen can be borrowed for study or examined on site),and serves as a training center for the next generation of scientists who use the collection in ways Wilson and my grandmother probably never imagined.
[7]Eleanor didn't realize the impact of her contribution at the time-the technician role was just a job that paid$38a week.But she's come to appreciate the significance of her work on a project that spans centuries."You can see how it goes from one era to another,"says Eleanor,"It's so important to have this library for people to make connections and new discoveries."
63.The first two paragraphs write about_________.
A.why Eleanor was chosen to be an assistant for Wilson
B.what convinced Wilson switch to the study of ants
C.how Eleanor's and Wilson's career paths crossed
D.when technicians like Eleanor started to get hired
64.Why were the lines in the report cited in the fifth paragraph?
A.To prove how important women's early work was.
B.To show women's role at the time was not fully recognized.
C.To give a vivid description of the nature of women's work.
D.To teach the wisdom of writing good science reports.
65.What can be learned from the last two paragraphs?
A.Today's researchers are still enjoying the benefits of Eleanor's work.
B.Eleanor is now working as a supervisor in the department.
C.New scientific discoveries are the results of collective wisdom.
D.Nobody's work is as important as Eleanor's in the department.
66.Which of the following should be filled in the title"In memory of Eleanor-as woman
_________".
A.whose struggle mirrored the social changes in the status of women
B.whose work won her fame in the then male-dominated field of conservation
C.who pioneered a unique ant management system at the Harvard Museum
D.who worked behind the scenes with extraordinary speed,accuracy and artistry
Section C
Directions:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.There'll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness,or you're anxious about what's next.
B.The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age.
C.Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia.
D.You'll get faster at finding it,and add extra layers of detail each time.
E.The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves.
F.But there's also a growing body of research into time travel"the other way".
How to Travel in Time
The term"NNOSTALGIA"（怀旧）used to describe a mental disease.The"algia"bit means "pain",and the word was coined by a17th-century doctor treating homesick soldiers,whose symptoms included hallucinations（幻觉）and depression.(67)_________And it's a great example of the benefits of a strong memory--choosing to recapture moments from the past to enjoy them all over again.
As evidence,a recent report highlighted the increase in old songs being streamed of Spotify during lockdown.It seems that we found strength in musical memories of happier times.(68)
_________Because memory skills can take you into the future,too--bringing a whole new set of rewards.
In another pandemic experiment,people wrote letters to their future selves,and found that they improved their mood by imagining themselves safely on the other side of COVID-19.Here are my tips for becoming a confident time traveller yourself:
*To reawaken happy feelings,use all your senses--not just sight.Smell,taste,touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.If you find a memory that's particularly helpful--for reassurance,say--keep using it!(69)__________________
*When you're procrastinating（拖延）,visualise an end result.Flash forward to see the floor swept or the easy finished,and use that positive image to spur you into action.
*Ahead of major challenges,imagine the full impact of success.Don't just picture yourself getting that great job:fill your mind with the really big ways it's going to change your life.
(70)__________________But the more you learn to control your memory,the better you'll be at mining your past,and shaping your future,to be your best self now.
IV.Summary Writing
Directions:Read the following three passages.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.
Ignoring Your Biggest Regrets
Regrets,people often feel,are to be avoided.Mistakes may be unavoidable,but they should be kept to a minimum.And when they do occur,the best course of action is to ignore them as inevitable steps on our journey.That seems logical,at least until you consider that one of the criteria for mental illness is an inability to feel regret.As author Kathryn Schulz argues,"If you want to be fully functional,and fully human,and fully humane,I think you need to learn to live not without regret,but with it."Counter-intuitively,she and other experts argue feeling regret is essential for living your best life.No one is saying,of course,that getting trapped in your past mistakes is a good idea.But neither is a"no regrets and never look back"mentality.
Regret forces us to engage in a reflective analysis to understand why we thought or acted the
way we did and makes us try things differently in the future.If you keep telling yourself"no regrets,"then learning isn't going to happen.Besides,hiding from regret doesn't make it hurt less. Action,recent research shows,is the best way to make regret hurt less.So if you're troubled by your failure to travel when you were young,science suggests you consciously plan an adventurous trip now that you're older and wiser.Upset about a broken friendship?Act to try to repair it.
Acknowledging our mistakes,rather than ignoring them,reminds us that we are valuable and worthy despite our faults.That sort of acceptance is the basis both of real self-confidence and of true kindness.As Schulz sums up in her talk:"Regret doesn't remind us that we did badly.It reminds us we know we can do better."
V.Translation
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.
72.两个小朋友分别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励。

(reward)
73.一个人名利心越重，就越不可能脚踏实地做事。

(desperate)
74.他的古画修复水平如此之高，使得那幅尘封已久的画作重现光彩。

(such)
75.许多年过去了，他才渐渐淡忘人生中那尴尬的一幕：在大庭广众之下，他看到血晕倒了。

(where)
VI.Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是美国一所中学的学生Sam，最近你班要召开一次主题为“不让霸凌成为青春的一道疤”的班会。

根据主题内容，写一篇发言稿（所给材料可供参考）。

Here are the national statistics about bullying in the USA
●About20%of students aged12-18experienced bullying nationwide.
●Students aged12-18who reported bullied said they thought those who bullied them:
--had the ability to influence other students'perception of them(56%)
--were physically stronger or larger(40%)
--had more money(31%)
Word box:
bully v./n.恐吓；伤害；/恃强凌弱者。