北师大版高中英语选修八 Unit23 Conflict-语法篇(学生版)

Unit 23 Conflict 语法篇
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1、将来完成时
2、过去完成时
3、如今完成进展时
4、如今分词的完成式
5、情态动词+have done
一，将来完成时
1.构成：shall/will + have + done (shall用于第一人称)
2.用法：表示在将来某一时刻已经发生的动作，它常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如“by+将来时间〞等，也可以与when或by the time引导的一般如今时态的从句连用。

例：When they arrive tomorrow afternoon, I will have already left.
By the time you get home, I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
二，过去完成时
1.构成：had done
2.用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。

这个过去的时间常用by, before等引导的介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在语境中。

例：Lily had learned some English before she came to London.
The play had already started when we got to the theatre.
By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.
三，如今完成进展时
1.构成：have/has been doing
2.用法：表示从过去某一时刻开场一直持续到如今的动作，可能刚停顿，也可能继续进展。

例：I have been staying with my family on the coast.
He has been learning English for 6 years.
温馨提示：
如今完成时：强调动作开场于过去，并持续到如今或过去的动作对如今产生影响。

如今完成进展时：强调动作的持续性，需使用延续性动词。

例：I have broken a teapot.
I have been practicing the piano.
四，如今分词的完成式
1.构成：having done
2.用法：having done表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

如今分词的完成式主要用作状语，
表示时间，原因等。

①表示时间：Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us.
②表示原因：Having been there once, she knew the place quite well.
3.如今分词一般式与完成式的区别“
如今分词一般式所表示的动词先于谓语动词发生，但两者之间没有时间间隔；而如今分词的完成式所表示的先于谓语的动作那么与谓语的动作有时间间隔。

例：Locking the door, she went out.
Having lost his job, he began to interest himself in local voluntary work.
延续性动词的如今分词一般式往往表示动作在发生过程中谓语动词动作发生，而当如今分词动作在谓语动作前发生且持续一段时间时，必须用如今分词的完成式。

例：Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from others. Searching the room, he found a wallet.
五，情态动词+have done
1.情态动词can/could(not), may/might(not)和must与have done连用，表示对过去事情的推测。

He may/might not have known about it.
2.情态动词could(not), should(not)与have done连用，翻译为“本…〞.
You should have faced the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
例 1. —Tommy is planning to buy a car.
—I know. By next time month, he _____ enough for a used one.
A.saves
B. saved
C. will save
D. will have saved
例 2. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?
—Not really. She _____ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
A.was to give
B. had given
C. was giving
D. would give
例3. We _____ for over 2 hours. Are you sure this is the right way?
A.Have been driving
B. were driving
C. had driven
D. drove
例4. _____ the past year as an exchange student in HONG Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
A.Spending
B. Spent
C. Having spent
D. To spend
例5. 〔2021北京101中学高三测试〕—What do you think of the Didi Dache apps, Maria?
—They are handy for me. I _____ private cars using the apps for half a year.
A.have been hiring
B. hired
C. had hired
D. hire
根底演练
一，根据句意，用括号内的词的正确形式填空。

1.—The Chinese government is trying to protect the giant panda.
—I know. By 2021, they __________(add) about 69.500 square miles of land to the country’s nature reserve system.
2. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ___________ (leave) my book in the café.
3. The manager ___________(tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
4. ___________(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
稳固进步
单项选择。

1.People are recycling many things which they _____ away in the past.
A.had thrown
B. will be throwing
C. were throwing
D. would have thrown
2. They _____ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A. will
B. can
C. must
D. should
3. It _____ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t
B. can’t
C. won’t
D. needn’t
4.〔2021北京朝阳高三二模〕_____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer.
A.Spending
B. Spend
C. To spend
D. Having spent
5. 〔2021北京房山高三二模〕—Tony, your hands are so dirty! What happened?
—I _____ this room all the afternoon.
A.had printed
B. have been painting
C. will paint
D. painted
6. 〔2021北京丰台高三一模〕Sam’s bakery _____ a partnership with a local coffee company. Now they serve great coffee.
A. has formed
B. would form
C. is forming
D. will form
7. 〔2021北京东城高三二模〕—Mum, where’s my packed lunch?
—In the kitchen. I _____ you two sandwiches.
A.make
B. am making
C. have made
D. will make
8. Their father as well as his three children _____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon.
A. is going
B. go
C. goes
D. are going
9. —Is Bob still performing?
—I’m afraid not. He is said _____ the gate already as he has become an official.
A.to have left
B. to leave
C. to have been left
D. to be left
10. The international agreement, _____ encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February 27.
A. intending to
B. being intended to
C. intended to
D. to intend to
11. My father recommended that I _____ my officer.
A. didn’t disobey
B. not to disobey
C. not disobey
D. mustn’t disobey
单项选择。

1. As a couple, the Smiths can always make the _____ decision to work out their problems.
A. conventional
B. courageous
C. conscious
D. compulsory
2. An unhappy childhood may have some negatives effects on a person’s character; however, they are not always _____.
A. practical
B. avoidable
C. permanent
D. beneficial
3. Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house _____ his personality.
A. resembles
B. strengthens
C. reflects
D. shapes
4. My mother opened the drawer to _____ the knives and spoons.
A. put away
B. put up
C. put on
D. put together
5. Thousands of people _____ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A. turned on
B. turned in
C. turned around
D. turned out
6. Not until he went through real hardship _____ the love we have for our families is important.
A. had he realized
B. did he realize
C. he realized
D. he had realized
7. I can’t tell you _____ way to the Wilson’s because we don’t have _____ Wilson here in the village.
A. the, a
B. a, /
C. a, the
D. the, /
8. She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _____ and moved to Cambridge.
A. both
B. neither
C. none
D. either
9. Our club is open to everyone _____ age, sex or educational background.
A. due to
B. except for
C. along with
D. regardless of
10. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _____ until yesterday.
A. will come
B. was coming
C. had come
D. came
11. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _____.
A. recognizing
B. being recognized
C. having recognized
D. having been recognized
12. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _____ is quite unexpected.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. it
13. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.〞This is _____ my mother used to tell me.
A. what
B. how
C. that
D. whether
14. Today there are more airplanes _____ more people than ever before in the skies.
A. carry
B. carrying
C. carried
D. to be carrying
15. _____ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the experiment result.
A. Calling
B. Call
C. To call
D. Having called
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一，完型填空。

There are different kinds of swallows (燕子). 1 swallows make their homes in the sand; others build their nests (巢) 2 the roofs (屋檐). They make their nests of 3 and grass.
It takes several days for them to build a nest. They build a small bit every day, and they have to 4 in the early morning, 5 the sun may dry it 6 they go on with their work.
The swallow lays five or six white 7 at a time. The mother bird 8 on them, and the father bird watches by her side and 9 her. Swallows fly quickly. They never get tired. What is a thousand kilometers to them since they can 10 nearly one hundred kilometers an hour?
You must not think that when swallows fly 11 your head , they are not working. No! Life is work for them. They work very 12 when young birds have been hatched (孵化). The young ones eat 13 and the old birds have to be on the wing (飞翔) from early morning till late at night.
14 the young birds can fly well, 15 the old swallows cannot rest. They begin at once to think about their second 16 , for they have two broods (一窝) every season.
When the second brood are on the wing, it is time to think about going to 17 countries, because the nights have grown longer and colder, the leaves have become 18 , and there are not so much food 19 before.
When winter is near, they must leave the cold place, when 20 come, they will return.
1. A. Another B. Many C. Some D. Few
2. A. over B. between C. far from D. under
3. A. sand B. earth C. stones D. wood
4. A. work B. rest C. sleep D. play
5. A. but B. because C. so that D. so
6. A. after B. until C. while D. before
7. A. eggs B. children C. babies D. birds
8. A. stands B. lies C. sits D. flies
9. A. protects B. feeds C. waits for D. looks for
10. A. run B. walk C. fly D. jump
11. A. over B. across C. crossing D. near
12. A. slowly B. hard C. quietly D. noisily
13. A. little B. a little C. lot D. a lot
14. A. At last B. At first C. At once D. All the time
15. A. and B. but C. because D. so
16. A. team B. group C. family D. class
17. A. cooler B. warmer C. hotter D. colder
18. A. yellow B. red C. green D. purple
19. A. like B. as C. so D. such
20. A. summer B. autumn C. spring D. winter
三，写作。

假设你是高中生李越，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写(to scribble)和乱丢垃圾(to litter)的行为，请用英语给校长写一封100-120个词的信。

信中应包括以下内容。

1.说明写信的目的；
2.对这些行为进展批评；
3.提出建议。

注意：信的抬头，落款及信的第一句已给出〔不计词数〕。

June 8, 2021
Dear Mr. Headmaster,
I am Li Yue, a student from Class1, Senior2. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________。