上海市七宝中学2020-2021学年高一下学期英语摸底考试(word有答案)

2021高一英语下摸底试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
(A) Positive tales
“No one can promise that life will be fair,” but (1)________ _________ what happens, follow the example set by Rehan Staton, and never lose sight of your goal.
Staton, a 24-year-old former sanitation(环卫) worker in Maryland, US, recently celebrated his acceptance into Harvard Law School.
Staton’s life was relatively normal (2)_________ a series of setbacks impacted his family life and studies. “Things were pretty good. But when I was 8 years old, my mom abandoned my dad, my brother and me after she moved back to Sri Lanka,” he said. When he was in seventh grade, a teacher even recommended that he (3)________ (place) in special education classes. His brother Reggie then brainstormed ways to help boost his grades. An aerospace engineer also offered to tutor him free of charge. Staton’s grades did improve and he became an honor student.
However, he was rejected by every college he (4)_________(apply) for. So to help support himself and his family, Staton began working at a sanitation company. He spent his days transporting trash and cleaning dumpsters, (5)_________(wake) up every morning to get dressed around 4 am. “The sanitation workers were the only people in my life who told me I (6)_______ be somebody,” Staton said. “They would say, ‘You’re too young to be here. Go to college, and come back if it doesn’t work out’.” The son of the company’s owner helped Staton contact a professor at Bowie State University, and the university eventually accepted Staton. Things began to look up. Two years later, he transferred to the University of Maryland to continue pursuing his undergraduate degree. But Staton still struggled to pay for his father’s medical bills. He’d work in the morning and take classes in the afternoon. After graduation, Staton worked at a national consulting firm (7) ________ applying for law school. He plans to start at Harvard this fall, (8) ________ he will major in sports law to pursue his dream of becoming a sports agent.
“For Rehan, the sky is truly the limit. (9)________ he chooses to do in the future, he will definitely achieve,” said a chief operating officer of Staton’s firm. For (10)_______ is looking for inspiration during difficult times, Staton recommends to “love yourself enough to get what you want out of life,” he told news outlet ABC. “You can always see the light in any dark situation, and you need to hold on to that light.”
(B) How dishonest are students?
I teach philosophy to college students, and there was no way I was going to give them exams this semester, with our classes being held online. Why not? Simple —cheating. It is nothing personal with these particular
students, but I have read enough psychological research to know that it (11)________ (be) very hard for them to resist looking for help in places where they are not supposed to, such as their notes, their friends and the internet.
I am fortunate that papers are a great alternative means of assessment in philosophy courses. But they do not work so well in certain other fields, like the sciences. In this time of widespread, online learning and home-schooling, what can be done to curb cheating exams?
One solution is remote proctoring (监考) (12)________ the students is video-recorded during the exam, with any suspicious web browsing reported. Effective as that might be, it strikes me as a crude approach, relying as it does on active surveillance, which creates an overt atmosphere of distrust. Naturally enough there are also privacy concerns.
Instead I suggest that a practice that has been used widely in other educational contexts (13)______ (extend) to the world of online testing: pledging one’s honor. Not only (14) ______ honor pledges help curb cheating,but they also promote honesty. Students who abide by them refrain from cheating not because they can’t, but because they choose not to.
It is easy to be cynical (冷嘲的) about honor pledges and honor codes. They can seem to be — and sadly too often are — public relations stunts (噱头) for schools looking to burnish their image. But many schools and programs, from elementary to graduate level, take their honor codes seriously. Signing an honor code (15)______ serve as a moral reminder. As we know from both ordinary life and recent experimental findings, most of us are willing to cheat to some extent if we think it would be rewarding and we can get away with it. At the same time, we also want to think of ourselves as honest people and genuinely believe that cheating is wrong. But our more honorable intentions can be pushed to one side in our minds when there arise tempting opportunities, even if by cheating. What a moral reminder can do, then, is (16)_______ (help) to place our values front and center in our minds.
This is borne out by recent findings in the lab. In a widely cited study, Nina Mazar at the Questrom School of Business at Boston University and her colleagues had one group of students take a 20-problem test (17) _______ which they would be paid 50 cents per correct answer. It was a hard test — students averaged only 3.4 correct answers. A second group of students took the same test, but they graded their own work and reported their “scores” with no questions asked. The average in this group was 6.1 correct answers, suggesting some cheating. The third and most interesting group, though, began by signing an honor code and then took the test, followed by grading their own work. The result? An honorable 3.1 correct answers. Cheating was eliminated at the group level. Signing the honor code (18) _______ (work).
So far research of honor codes and cheating (19)_______ (conduct) typically in face-to-face environments. But as we settle into the routine of online instruction, we should consider trying to extend the impact of an honor code virtually as well. Honor codes won’t eliminate cheating. Deeply dishonest students will not be deterred (制止). But fortunately, the research confirms (20) ___________ experience suggests: Most students are not deeply dishonest.
(C)When computers were human
Dune is a novel written by Frank Herbert, which is set hundreds of years in the future. In the novel, building computers (21)_____ (forbid). (This is because, in the novel’s past, ‘(22)_____ (think) machines’ became so powerful that they almost took over the world.) Instead, there are Mentats—humans (23)_____ (train) to perform the kinds of calculations and analysis that you will normally expect a computer to carry out.
(24)_____ _____ Mentats are a fictional creation, human computers are a real part of history. In fact, the word ‘computer’ was first used more than 300 years ago and referred to a person (25)_____ job was to perform mathematical calculations. In the middle of the 18th century, a French mathematician called Clairault wanted to calculate the date when Halley’s Comet(哈雷彗星) (26)_____ (return). Although he knew (27)_____ to do this, the calculations themselves were extremely complex, so he shared the work with several ‘computers’ who helped him arrive at the correct answer.
In the 19th century, the Indian mathematician Radhanath Sikday was employed (28)_____ a “computer” by a team of British explorers, and was the first person (29)_____ (calculate) the height of the highest mountain in the world, which was later named Mount Everest. During the two World Wars of the 20th century, huge teams of human computers were employed to work on maps, codes, and countless other military and engineering projects. It was not until about 1950 (30)_____ mechanical computers began to take over, and the days of the human computer were finally numbered.
Section B
A
Workers vs. Robots: A New Kind of Onshoring
Walmart has given up a five-year effort to introduce stock-checking robots to its stores. Staff, who evidently do the job better, can breathe a sigh of relief. The (21) _______ is with the Norwegian oil industry, where remotely operated oil rigs have spooked unions and last month triggered a/an (22) _________. Distant control of machinery is increasingly prevalent in the collection of natural resources, reducing labor costs and improving safety in extreme environments.
Objectors are fighting a rearguard action. Ports show what lies ahead. Here, ship-to-shore remote-controlled gantry cranes have replaced wharfies（码头管理员）. In mining, automation began in the middle of the last century.
(23) ______ mining rail carriages are now commonplace. The commodities crash of 2012-2015 provided an impetus (动力) to increase productivity and (24) _______ costs --- factors not lost on the oil industry. Rio Tinto last year completed the public introduction of what it (25) ________ is the world’s first fully autonomous,
long-distance heavy-haul rail network.
Oil rigs (石油钻塔）have been on the automation (26) _________ for most of the past decade. Remote control rooms can manage everything from drilling to procurement. The (27) ______ advantage of having fewer humans on the rigs is obvious, especially during the pandemic. Benefits to the bottom line are just as clear. Equinor, which Statoil is now known as, says the (28) _______ added more than $212m to earnings within a year of its Johan Sverdrup rig going digital. The biggest savings come from shrunken payrolls. Robots are set to replace humans in a range of (29) ________ tough, repetitive jobs, from order picking in warehouses to lifting the old and infirm.
Up to 800m jobs, according to a rough (30) ________, could be lost across industries to automation by 2030, Mckiney Global Institute.
B
Now we’re talking
Any sufficiently advanced technology, noted Arthur C. Clarke, a British science-fiction writer, is indistinguishable from magic. The (31) _________ technology of voice computing proves his point. Using it is just like casting a spell (咒语): say a few words into the air, and a nearby device can grant your wish.
The Amazon Echo, a voice-driven computer that sits on a table top and responds to the name Alexa, can call up music tracks and radio stations, tell jokes, answer questions and control smart appliances; even before Christmas it was already (32) in about 4% of American households. V oice assistants are prospering in smartphones, too: Apple’s Siri handles over 2 billion commands a week, and 20% of Google searches on Android-powered handsets in America are input by voice. Dictating e-mails and text messages now works (33) enough to be useful. Why (34) _______ when you can talk?
This is a huge (35) . Simple though it may seem, voice has the power to (36) __________ computing, by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons(图标) and menus, and then touchscreens, were welcomed as simpler ways to deal with computers than entering (37) keyboard commands. Just as mobile phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than carriages without horses, computers without screens and keyboards have the potential to be more useful, powerful and common than people can imagine today.
V oice will not (38) replace other forms of input and output. Sometimes it will remain more convenient to talk with a machine by typing rather than talking. But voice is destined to account for a growing (39) of people’s interactions with the technology around them, from washing machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centers. However, to reach its full potential, the
technology requires further breakthroughs — and a (40) of the tricky questions it raise s around the trade-offff between convenience and privacy.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
The days of the camera-carrying tourist may be numbered. Insensitive travelers are being ordered to 41 pointing their cameras at local residents. Tour companies selling expensive trips to remote corners of the world have become increasingly annoyed at the 42 of visitors upsetting locals. Now one such operator plans to ban clients from taking any photographic equipment on holidays. Julian Matthews is the director of Discovery Initiatives, a company that is working hand-in-hand with other organizations to offer holidays combining high adventure with working on environmental projects.
Matthews says he is providing ‘holidays without 43 , insisting that Discovery Initiatives is not a tour operator but an environmental support company. Clients are referred to as ‘participants’. ‘We see ourselves as the next step on from Eco-tourism, which is merely a(n) 44 form of sensitive travel—ours is a more active approach.’
However, says Matthews, there is a price to pay. ‘I am planning to introduce tours with a total ban on cameras because of the damage they do to our relationships with 45 . I have seen some 46 things, such as a group of six tourists arriving at a remote village in the South American jungle, each with a video camera attached to their face. That sort of thing tears me up inside. Would you like somebody to come into your home and take a photo of you cooking? A camera is like a weapon; it puts up a barrier and you lose all the 47 that comes through body language, which 48 means that the host communities are denied access to the so-called cross-cultural exchange.’
Matthews’ views reflect a growing 49 among some tour companies at the increasingly rude behaviour of wealthy tourists. Chris Parrott, of Journey Latin America, says: ‘We tell our clients that indigenous (土著的) people are often shy about being 50 , but we certainly don’t tell them not to take a camera. If they take pictures without asking, they may find themselves having tomatoes thrown at them.’
Crispin Jones, of Exodus, the overland truck specialist, says: ‘We don’t have a(n) 51 but, should cameras cause offence, our tour leaders will make it quite clear that they cannot be 52 . Clients tend to do what they are told.’
Earthwatch, which pioneered the 53 of active Eco-tourism by sending paying volunteers to work on scientific projects around the world, does not ban cameras, but operates strict rules on their use. Ed Wilson, the marketing director of the company, says: ‘Some people use the camera as a(n) 54 ; it allows them to distance themselves from the reality of what they see. I would like to see tourists 55 their cameras for once, rather than trying to record everything they see.’
41. A. consider B. stop C. practise D. mind
42. A. edge B. expense C. bottom D. sight
43. A. surprise B. limit C. doubt D. guilt
44. A. passive B. simple C. inexpensive D. innovative
45. A. guides B. locals C. tourists D. specialists
46. A. routine B. interesting C. terrible D. personal
47. A. protection B. passion C. communication D. dignity
48. A. effectively B. accidentally C. comparatively D. optimistically
49. A. unease B. feeling C. awareness D. despair
50. A. misunderstood B. witnessed C. sponsored D. photographed
51. A. experience B. policy C. market D. intention
52. A. offended B. used C. judged D. deserted
53. A. change B. benefit C. concept D. history
54. A. protector B. exchange C. tool D. barrier
55. A. turning up B. looking after C. putting away D. running out
Section B
(A)
What happens when we try foreign dishes for the first time? More often than not it is like finding ourselves in circumstances different from what is comfortably familiar. We hesitate and declare them unacceptable. Yet there are no universal standards for good cuisine (烹饪); there’s only badly cooked food. We may not like some foreign dishes but that has nothing to do with their being inferior or superior. It has everything to do with how removed they are from what we know.
A few years back I wasn’t particularly fond of Indian dishes with their strong spices. Then an Indian family moved in next door and I immediately became friends with the lady. Being very friendly people they kept asking me over. Seeing as I had no choice, I gave in, went over and waited in horror. They served a lot of strange-looking dishes, whose aroma (香味) was inviting enough for me to sample them. And I felt sorry I did. My tongue felt like it was on fire! But I saw it through to the end so as not to endanger our neighbourly relationship. Needless to say, I was asked to come back for more. It took a few months, but I have actually come to love some hot Indian curries and overly honeyed desserts.
In contrast, American steaks and burgers now strike me as downright dull, although I used to love them. Then there’s Japanese cuisine, which I associated with a smelly sushi bar next door until I went on a trip to Japan. I was served dishes of suspicious smell day in day out and, although they didn’t seem particularly delicious, upon my return home I found myself repeatedly wandering into that sushi bar around the corner. The smell I had thought terribly fishy before now seemed familiar and mouth-watering.
In short, I have acquired the taste for some foreign dishes but not for all the food of any particular cuisine. In a way, the ability to acquire the taste for new foods has to do with a person’s ability to accept a culture. The ‘acquired taste’ for food goes beyond a taste bud(味蕾) experience. It has a lot to do with what a person associates the food with, like friendly neighbours or a memorable journey. Similarly, many of us find our mother’s cooking incomparable. But that isn’t necessarily because of our mother’s superior kitchen skills but because we associate her cooking with the warmth of home.
56. Which of the following statements is true of the Indian family?
A. They scared the author a lot.
B. They were curious about the author.
C. They made pleasant smelling dishes.
D. They got an apology from the author.
57. Concerning Japan and Japanese food, the author says that _____.
A. she was seldom served traditional food on her trip
B. she loved Japanese food from her first day in Japan
C. she was surprised at her actions after she returned home
D. she is uninterested in the taste of the strangest Japanese dishes
58. According to the last paragraph, acquiring new tastes _____.
A. is a sign of how open-minded a person is
B. depends on how sensitive your taste buds are
C. is like making new friends or going on a journey
D. becomes easier if your mother isn’t a great cook
59. Which statement best summarizes the overall message of the article?
A. Travelling is the best way to acquire new tastes.
B. The smells and sight of food are often misleading.
C. The stranger the food, the more difficult it is to like it.
D. Experiences are crucial in determining food preferences.
(B)
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60. What taxi services can a tourist to Singapore have according to the passage?
a. specially-tailored tours around Singapore
b. transfers between the terminals at the airport
c. personalized tours beyond Singapore
d. transfers between the airport and the city
e. hourly private Singapore taxi service
f. airport & city goods delivery
A. a, d, e
B. a, b, f
C. b, c, e
D. c, d, f
61. If a tourist goes to the airport in a MaxiCab at 5 a.m. and pays by credit card, he/ she has to pay ________.
A. $ 47
B. $ 38.5
C. $ 55
D. $ 51.7
62.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. A MaxiCab driver can stop on the way on request with extra charges.
B. The Cabby tour can show you around Singapore in the night time.
C. A MaxiCab taxi tourist guide isn’t allowed to add scenic spots en route.
D. A tourist group can choose the time and place to collect the group
（C）
Registration now open for the 2021 Student Research Showcase Researchers often find it
difficult to talk about their projects with friends and relatives who are not in the same research field. Those who are able to effectively communicate their work to a broader audience are at an advantage in terms of communicating the value of what they do to the public, to superiors at school or on the
Key deadlines
for the 2021
Student Research
Showcase:
♦P roject description approval
and registration deadline:
March 22, 2021
♦P roject submission deadline: research to a general
audience. During the review
period, more than sixty Sigma
Xi members volunteers as
judges to evaluate
students’
job, and to organizations that could provide funding to support a project. Sigma Xi’s Student Research Showcase is a unique opportunity for high school, undergraduate, and graduate students to develop their communication skills through multimedia. Held annually, this online science communication competition allows students to showcase their research on a website they build. The competition is open to all research areas.
Presentation websites contain three main parts: an abstract, a technical slide-show, and a video to introduce the project and its relevance to the research community and society. The video part challenges participants to present their submissions(递交的作品) and
engage in digital
conversations with presenters
through their websites.
Participants find
discussion with the judges
and the public helpful in
better understanding their
research. “I’m really excited
about trying to bridge the gap
between the scientific
community and a broader
audience,” said Luka Negoita,
the 2015 graduate division
winner, when asked about his
motivation to participate in
the showcase. Participants
compete for awards of up to
$500 in high school,
undergraduate, and graduate
divisions. The winner of the
People’s Choice Award is
selected based on a public
vote and receives a $250
award.
April 22, 2021
E valuation period:
May 12-18, 2021
Sigma Xi members are
encouraged to volunteer as
judges.
For more information on
the Student Research
Showcase, visit
https:///meet
ings-events/student-research-s
howcase.
63. Student Research Showcase is intended to _____.
A. spot the students who will devote themselves to research
B. find out the research area that is popular with students
C. help students to use multimedia more skilfully
D. give students a chance to present their research
64. Students must communicate their research to the public in the part of ____ on their websites.
A. the abstract
B. the technical slide-show
C. the video
D. the discussion
65. Which of the following statements is true of Student Research Showcase?
A. Participants have to submit their project by March 22 at the latest.
B. The public will decide which project wins People’s Choice Award.
C. Sigma Xi will employ world famous scientists to be the judges.
D. No communication is allowed between judges and participants.
(D)
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community differs from the family，many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out，particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety
and self-discovery.
66.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A．Sympathetic. B．Objective. C．Opposed. D．Indifferent.
67.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means ________．
A．change B．alternative C. extension D．text
68. According to the author, what role should college play?
A．To develop a shared identity among students.
B．To define and regulate students’ social behavior.
C．To provide a safe world without tension for students.
D．To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.
69. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Sub－point(次要点)C：Conclusion
Section C
The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately merciful reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend.______70_______
The behaviors under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial(家庭的), religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are very normal. ____71____ There are homes which cultivate young people with high standards of moral behaviour and others which leave moral training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
____72____ The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour applicants with positive moral behaviour. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for cultivating future doctors with moral sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling data that suggest that during medical school the moral behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress（倒退）.
It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example on moral behaviour. Medical schools must do something to make sure that their students are expected to be clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of moral behaviour requires cooperation with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and developing. ______73_____ Finally, the treatment of infractions(违规) must be firm, fair, transparent(透明的).
Translation
1.说起健康，不同种族的人都把高质量睡眠放在第一位，而非均衡的饮食、定期锻炼或确保足够维生素和蛋白质。

正如刊登在Cell期刊上的一项研究发现的那样，睡眠充足的人比缺少睡眠的人身心更健康。

(come, priority)
2.共享单车不仅解决了最后一里路的问题，而且还有助于改善空气质量。

因此，充分利用共享单车无疑会对我们的生活有益。

然而，尽管共享单车普及带来的便利不容否认，但使用不当产生的问题发人深省。

(Not only, despite)
3. 出乎我的意料，诗词大赛作为技术与传统文化结合的生动范例，证明了两者的结合可以创造一种国民趋势。

大赛每年吸引着大批观众，他们不仅领略到了汉语的魅力也培养了对中国古诗词极大的热情。

(as, who)。