独立主格结构和with复合结构
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=If time permits, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.
(4)作伴随状语
Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month.
=Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.
理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，
做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语 动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。
• 一、分析句子结构 1. ________many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. ___many times , he still couldn't understand it .
A. There were; to go B. With; to go
C. I was; left
D. It had; left
2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __.
A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain
B. will permit
C. to permit D. permitting
Well
10.__ a rainy day, he didn`t go out fdoorne!a walk
as usual.
A. It was
B. It is
C. It being
D. Having been
• 非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难 点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要
C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
3.__ the lights off, we could not go on with the
work.
A. Until B. As C. With D. Because
4.It was a pity that the great writer died __ his work unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of
• On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语 从句。
(Ⅱ) with/without 名词／代词+ 过去分词。用过去 分词表示被动或已完成的动作。
In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention __ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix
(Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。 用不定式表示将要发生的动作。
With a lot of difficult problems __, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
(Ⅵ) with/without+名词／代词＋介词短语。 1.He sleeps with a book in his hand. 2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus.
三．with和without复合结构 的转化
（Ⅰ） with和without复合结构 可变为状语从 句或并列句。 （１）作时间状语
With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees
turn yellow and some birds fly south.
（２）作原因状语
• A. Having been told B. Told
• C. He was told
D. Though he told
3. ________to the left , you'll find the
post office .
4. If you ________to the left , you'll find
=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.
巩固练习
1.__ ten minutes __ before the last train
left, we arrived at the station.
【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似， their parents seated together joking 不是 非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构， 因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一 个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物 动词。
• (1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that (2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that (3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _________ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that
5.The weather __ so bad, we had to put off the football match. A. was B. is C. were D. being
6. __, the runners raced on to the finishing line. A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands
With the key lost, she could not enter the room.
=As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.
(3)作条件状语
With time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
• A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See 3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside . 4. _____ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
A. Given more time
B. We had been given more time
C. More time given
D. If more time had given
9.Weather __, the sports meet will be held
as scheduled.
A. permits
看看独立主格结构和其他 句式的结合
• He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句， 而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然， 假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制 性定语从句，答案便应选A
the post office .
5. ________to the left , and you'll find
the post office .
• A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned
• 二、分析逻辑主语 确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻 辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有 动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑 主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和 句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自 己的逻辑主语。 1. ________no buses , we have to walk home .
7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes __ and his hands __. A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled
8.__,the work can be done much better.
• A. There being B. It were
• C. There were D. It being 2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .
• 三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓
语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被 动关系。
C. to settle D. being settled
(Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。 She sleeps with the window open.
(Ⅴ) with/without+名词／代词＋副词。 __ production up by 60%, the
company has had another excellent year. A. As was washed B. washed
•
C. were washed D. having washed
• 四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后， 还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。 1. The building ______now will be a restaurant . 2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant . 3. The building ______last year is a restaurant. A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D. built
（Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。 用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。
I couldn`t finish my work with those children __. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around
(4)作伴随状语
Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month.
=Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.
理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，
做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语 动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。
• 一、分析句子结构 1. ________many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. ___many times , he still couldn't understand it .
A. There were; to go B. With; to go
C. I was; left
D. It had; left
2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __.
A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain
B. will permit
C. to permit D. permitting
Well
10.__ a rainy day, he didn`t go out fdoorne!a walk
as usual.
A. It was
B. It is
C. It being
D. Having been
• 非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难 点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要
C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
3.__ the lights off, we could not go on with the
work.
A. Until B. As C. With D. Because
4.It was a pity that the great writer died __ his work unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of
• On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语 从句。
(Ⅱ) with/without 名词／代词+ 过去分词。用过去 分词表示被动或已完成的动作。
In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention __ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix
(Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。 用不定式表示将要发生的动作。
With a lot of difficult problems __, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
(Ⅵ) with/without+名词／代词＋介词短语。 1.He sleeps with a book in his hand. 2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus.
三．with和without复合结构 的转化
（Ⅰ） with和without复合结构 可变为状语从 句或并列句。 （１）作时间状语
With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees
turn yellow and some birds fly south.
（２）作原因状语
• A. Having been told B. Told
• C. He was told
D. Though he told
3. ________to the left , you'll find the
post office .
4. If you ________to the left , you'll find
=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.
巩固练习
1.__ ten minutes __ before the last train
left, we arrived at the station.
【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似， their parents seated together joking 不是 非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构， 因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一 个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物 动词。
• (1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that (2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that (3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _________ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that
5.The weather __ so bad, we had to put off the football match. A. was B. is C. were D. being
6. __, the runners raced on to the finishing line. A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands
With the key lost, she could not enter the room.
=As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.
(3)作条件状语
With time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
• A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See 3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside . 4. _____ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
A. Given more time
B. We had been given more time
C. More time given
D. If more time had given
9.Weather __, the sports meet will be held
as scheduled.
A. permits
看看独立主格结构和其他 句式的结合
• He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句， 而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然， 假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制 性定语从句，答案便应选A
the post office .
5. ________to the left , and you'll find
the post office .
• A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned
• 二、分析逻辑主语 确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻 辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有 动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑 主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和 句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自 己的逻辑主语。 1. ________no buses , we have to walk home .
7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes __ and his hands __. A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled
8.__,the work can be done much better.
• A. There being B. It were
• C. There were D. It being 2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .
• 三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓
语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被 动关系。
C. to settle D. being settled
(Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。 She sleeps with the window open.
(Ⅴ) with/without+名词／代词＋副词。 __ production up by 60%, the
company has had another excellent year. A. As was washed B. washed
•
C. were washed D. having washed
• 四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后， 还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。 1. The building ______now will be a restaurant . 2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant . 3. The building ______last year is a restaurant. A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D. built
（Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。 用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。
I couldn`t finish my work with those children __. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around