中考情态动词表推测的讲解及练习题

中考情态动词表推测的讲解及练习题
表推测时，英语中只使用must,may,might,may not和can't。

这五个表达的语气依次递减：
must:一定（语气肯定）
may：也许（不很肯定）
might：或许（比may语气更弱）
may not：也许不（表否定）
can't：一定不（must的反义）
推测现在的事情用must,may,might,may not和can't+do或be
e.g.She must be at home now.
The boy may play now.
推测过去的事情用must,may,might,may not和can't+have done
e.g.She might have been ill yesterday.
He must have hold the party.
情态动词must, can, could, may, might表推测的用法
情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都表推测。

其中must的可能性最大，can / could次之，may / might最小。

具体用法如下：
1.must的用法
（1）表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“一定、准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。

He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他准是个美国人。

（2）must表推测只能用于肯定句。

如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时，应用can’t,如询问某种可能时，应用can。

He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。

（一定）
He can’t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。

（一定不）
Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址吗？（询问可能性）
（3）must表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。

He must have a car now. （现在）他一定有辆小汽车。

He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习。

He must have finished the work.（过去发生）他一定已完成了工作。

注：must表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。

一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用It`s certain / I’m sure that he will come tomorrow.
（4）在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时，疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。

He must be a worker, isn’t he? （现在）他准是个工人，是吗？
It must have rained last night, didn’t it? （过去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？
You must have learned English for many years, haven’t you? （完成时）你一定学了好多年英语，是吗？
2.can / could的用法
（1）can表示推测“可能性”时，往往用于否定句或疑问句。

Can’t“一定不”，语气很肯定。

can在疑问句中意思是“会、可能”。

用于肯定句时，表示理论上的，潜在的可能性（有倾向，实际上未必会发生或者不涉及实际是否发生）往往与sometimes 或者someone 有关。

Accidents can happen.
He can’t be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。

（2）can /can’t后可接进行时/完成时，表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生的动作进行推测。

They can’t be reading in the library. 他们一定不在图书馆读书。

He can’t have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago.
他不可能去了上海，我刚才还看见他。

It’s so late. Where can s he have gone? 天晚了，她可能去哪儿了呢？
（3）在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分含有表示推测意义的can’t时，疑问部分的助动词应与can’t后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致.
He can’t be a teacher, is he? 他不是教师，是吗？
She can’t have finished her homework, has she? 她一定没有完成家庭作业，是不是？
could可用于表示某事有可能发生表示可能性不大的推测。

意思相当于may/might Don’t eat it. It could be poisonous. 不要吃它，可能有毒。

The plane could be delayed by fog. 飞机可能会因为雾晚点。

（5）could还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。

Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station?
Could you help me?
（6）couldn’t表示否定推测，表示某事不可能真实，或由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。

It couldn’t possib ly be poison. 这不可能是毒药。

表示对过去发生的事推测，常常和have done 连用
He was not at home last night . He could/ might have gone to movies.
I didn't see her at the meeting yesterday; she couldn't have spoken at the meeting.
3. may和might的用法
（1）may, might表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“可能”、“也许”，语气没有must 肯定。

He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American.
他可能是个美国人。

注：might不表示过去时态，只是语气上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。

（2）may, might表推测时，可以用于否定句，意思是“可能不、也许不”，但不用于疑问句。

He may / might not be at home. 他也许不在家。

（3）may, might可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。

He may / might be sleeping now. （现在）他可能正在睡觉。

The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. （现在）
这个男孩可能没在家看电视
These students may / might have seen the film before.（过去）
这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。

（4）may, might还可以推测将来的情况。

I think we should take raincoat with us, it may rain.
我想我们应该带上雨衣，可能要下雨了。

She might not come this afternoon. 她今天下午可能不来
能用于表推测的情态动词：must, can, could, will, would, may, might, should, ought to
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）。

（1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question?
他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。

（2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。

2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。

（1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
这不可能是校长，他去美国了。

（2）He may not/might not know the scientist.
他也许不认识那位科学家。

3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。

（1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？
（2）Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？
注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。

Might, could 并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。

1.
（1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。

（2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting
anyone. 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。

2.
（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。

（2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。

（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ? 布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？
3.
（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。

（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。

（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？难道他找到书了吗？
注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have +过
去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。

例如：
（4）It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。

（推测）
（5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟）
她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。

（6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. （虚拟）汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。

补充强调：推测的句型特点（对某一次的推测句型有两部分：语气和时态）
（1）语气部分：（以下情态动词语气由强至弱）
肯定句：must、may、might（=could）
否定句：can’t（=couldn’t）、mayn’t、mightn’t
疑问句：can、could（语气更加委婉不确定）
（2）时态部分：
be have done
be doing
语气部分写在前时态部分写在后，组合在一起就是推测
（三）几组表推测的情态动词用法
“情态动词＋完成时”是历年高考的热点，在做此类练习时，既需要掌握这一结构的基本用法，又应该仔细体会题干所提供的语言信息，准确理解语言环境和说话人的含义，尤其要注意题干中时态给予的暗示。

1.must have done表示对已经发生的事情的推测，意为“
种肯定的推测。

这种结构一般只用于肯定句，其否定形式是
表示“不可能，肯定不会”。

例如：
He didn’t hear the phone . He must have been asleep.
他没有听到电话响，他肯定是已经睡着了。

He must have been to Shanghai. 他一定去过上海。

They can’t have gone out , because the light is on . 他们不可能出去，因为灯亮着。

2. can（could）have done表示对过去的时间内可能发生的事情的猜测，can have done 一般只用于否定句和疑问句。

could have done 还可以用于肯定句，常用来表示本来可能完成而实际未完成的动作。

例如：
He can’t have finished the work so soon. 这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。

We could have walked to the station , it was so near . 我们本来是可以走到车站去的，路很近。

3. may（might）have done
（1）表示对已经发生的事情的不太肯定的推测，意为“可能已经，或许已经”。

（2）虚拟用法表示本可以做，但却没做（表示很委屈地责备）
If we had taken the other road , we might have arrived earlier.
如果我们选择另一条路，我们可能会到得早一些。

He might have given you more help, he was very busy.
他本来是可以给你更多帮助的，尽管他很忙。

4. needn’t have done 指实际上做了本来不必要做的事，意为“本来不必”。

例如：There was pl enty of time . She needn’t have hurried.
时间很充裕，她本不必匆忙。

You needn’t have told him the news.
他本来不必把这个消息告诉他。

5. should （ought to ）have done指本该做而实际未做的事，意为“本来应该”。

其否定式shouldn’t（oughtn’t）have done 则表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。

例如：
You should have started earlier , but you didn’t.
你本应该早一点出发，但是你没有。

You ought to have helped him （but you didn’t ）. 你本应该帮助他。

We shouldn’t have waited for her because she never came.
我们本不应该等她，因为她根本不会来。

6.Would have done 本想做（却没做）wouldn’t have done 本不想做（却做了）
I would have helped you, but I was too busy.
我本想帮你，但我太忙了。

小试牛刀
一、单项选择
1 John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. may
B. need
C. can’t
D. must
2 John isn’t in the classroom. He play soccer on the playground with Bob.
A. can
B. must
C. shou ld
D. can’t
3 That _______not be her husband . She is still single.
A. may
B.can
C. could
D. might
4 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you got a fever.
A. can
B. must
C. dare
D. would
5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I____.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. needn't
D. may not
6 -He___ be in the classroom, I think.
-No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.
A．can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't 7 -Is Lena swimming in the pool?
-No, she swim. She is terrified of water.
A. may not
B. must not
C. can't
D. needn't
8 He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.
A. can
B. shall
C. must
D. might
9 -What do you think “upset” means?
- I’m not sure. It mean “sad”.
A.may
B. must
C. can
D. should
10 The children___ play football on the road.
A. can't
B. can
C. mustn't
D. must
11.The road is wet . It ______last night.
A. must rain
B. must have rained
C. could have rained
D. can have rained
12 .He ______you more help , even though he was busy .
A might have given
B might not give
C may not have given
D may give
练一练
1. Look! The light is out in her room. She ———— to bed already.
A. must go
B. had to go
C.must have gone
D.has gone
2. We had a wonderful time yesterday. You ———— .Why didn't you come?
A. had to come
B.should have come
C.might have come
D.must have come
3. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
─ It______ a comfortable journey.
A. can't be
B. shouldn't be
C. mustn't have been
D. couldn't have been
4. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn't have attended
B. needn't have attended
C. mustn't have attended
D. shouldn't have attended
5. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave
B. Shouldn't have left
C. Couldn't have left
D. needn't leave
6. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach,I_____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t cut
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
7. Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
8. You ______ be tired - you've only been working for an hour.
A. must not
B. won' t
C. can' t
D. may not
9. - Isn' t that Ann's husband over there?
- No, it _______ be him -I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.
A. can't
B. must not
C. won't
D. may not
10. There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
A . mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D.needn’t
11. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They
______ at lease 150 km an hour.
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
12. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should
B. must
C. wouldn’t
D. can’t
13. ---- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.---- Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through
B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through
D. must have gone through
14. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it.
A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put 15. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself.
A．needn’t do B．needn’t have done
C．mustn’t do D．shouldn’t have done
16.—Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
—Something ________ to him.
A．must happen B．should have happened
C．could have happened D．must have happened
情态动词+have done 结构
1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?
---No, but we ______. He di dn’t return home at all.
A. couldn’t have waited
B. needn’t have
C. didn’t need to
D. should wait
2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.
A. could
B. might
C. should
D. must
3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. S mith at six o’clock tonight ?”
---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”
A. will have gone
B. had gone
C. would have gone
D. has gone
4．---Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted.
--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. should
6．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .
A. should have taken
B. could have taken
C. needn't have taken
D. mustn't have taken
7．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. could
B. would
C. must
D. need
8．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the
meeting .
A. mustn’t have spoken
B. mightn’t have spoken
C. can’t have spoken
D. shouldn’t have spoken
9．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?
---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number .
A. must dial
B. must have dialed
C. should dial
D. should have dialed
10．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour .
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
11. He is not poor. You ____ have lent him the money.
A. can’t
B. needn’t
C. couldn’t
D. mustn’t
12. There was plenty of time. You ___ have hurried.
A. won’t
B. mustn’t
C.needn’t
D. couldn’t
13.He paid for a seat, when he ___ have entered free.
A. could
B. would
C. must
D. need
--- On, it ___ my brother, Peter.
A. must be
B. must have been
C. can have been
D. might be
14. I ____ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with him for some time.
A. shouldn’t have come
B. must have come
C. needn’t have come
D. could have come
15. They ____ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard.
A. must
B. could
C. should
D. might
16.Something ___ to him.
A. must happen
B. should have happened
C. could have happened
D. must have happened
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
When faced with difficult situations in their lives, many people find them too challenging and give up, especially on their life dreams. But not for Gabriel Heredia.
Gabrrel is a 21-year-old Argentinean barber（阿根廷理发师）who was born without hands. But he was able to grow up happy and independent because he always had the support of friends and family. In fact, his inspiration for such work was his mother, who is a hairdresser. At the age of 14, he began to take interest in her work and learned all kinds of hair cutting skills from her. Although he first saw it as an interest, Gabriel quickly decided that this was his dream job.
Gabriel's family soon helped him open his first barbershop in San Isidro, Peru, which he worked at for one and a half years. There, he met Zlatan Gomez, the president of Argentina Corta, an organization for barbers to connect, do charity (慈善) work, and teach hairdressing. Later, Gabriel became part of Argentina Corta, offering his services to people of all ages so they can build up the skills they need to get a job.
Gabriel then moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina where he cuts hair today. As a bright and caring young man, Gabriel tries hard to not only be a barber, but also make a connection with the neighborhood. He says, "The thing that I like the most about my job is that people feel comfortable and stylish with my cuts and that makes me feel happy."
Gabriel always does his best to be independent. He never gives up. There is nothing he can't do. Besides cutting hair, he has learned to ride a bike, a motorbike and even to drive a car. He is no doubt inspiring others.
（1）When Gabriel was born, what made him different from others?
A. He was born without hands.
B. His special haircut.
C. His life dream.
D. His happiness and independence.
（2）At first, Gabriel Heredia learned hair cutting skills ________________.
A. from Zlatan Gomez
B. from his mother
C. from his friends
D. by himself
（3）Which of the following statements about Gabriel Heredia is NOT true?
A. He tries hard to make a connection with the neighborhood.
B. He can not only cut hair but also drive a car.
C. He joined Argentina Corta and taught others hair cutting skills in San Isidro.
D. He opened his first barbershop in Buenos Aires with the help of his family.
（4）What does Gabriel's story mainly tell us?
A. A good beginning makes a good ending.
B. You're never too old to learn.
C. Nothing is impossible if you don't give up.
D. Education changes life.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：很多人在面对困难时会选择放弃，但是加布里埃尔·赫雷迪亚没有放弃，他是一个理发师，生下来就没有双手，但是能够独立的成长，在家人的鼓励和支持下，实现了自己的梦想，后来帮搬到了阿根廷首都，布宜诺斯艾利斯，继续在那里理发。

加布里埃尔总是尽力保持独立。

他从不放弃。

他什么都能做。

除了剪发，他还学会了骑自行车、摩托车甚至开车。

他无疑在激励别人。

（1）细节理解题，根据who was born without hands.可知，使他与众不同的是剩下了就没有双手，故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据In fact, his inspiration for such work was his mother, who is a hairdresser. At the age of 14, he began to take interest in her work and learned all kinds of hair cutting skills from her.可知是他的理发技艺来自他的妈妈，故答案是B。

（3）正误判断题题，根据Gabriel's family soon helped him open his first barbershop in San Isidro, Peru, which he worked at for one and a half years.可知他在家人的帮助下在秘鲁圣伊西德罗开了第一家理发店，而不是在布宜诺斯艾利斯，所以D的叙述错误，故答案是D。

（4）细节理解题，根据根据文章内容可知，只要不放弃，什么都能成为可能，故答案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节理解题和正误判断题。

细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；文章出处题需要根据文章内容确定其来源；正误判断题属于细节理解题的一种，也需要根据文章内容进行判定。

2．阅读短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

A man sees a butterfly. The butterfly tries to get out of its chrysalis (蛹). Feeling sorry for it, the man decides to help. He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily. Surprisingly
enough, the butterfly is unable to fly. If the butterfly doesn't struggle (奋斗) to leave the chrysalis, it can't fly! The struggle develops the energy in the butterfly which makes it fly. Similarly, the challenges of life bring out the best in young people and make them fly.
When people are young, meeting and overcoming challenges will make them strong and ready to face life. When we 1oюk at successful people, we see that the most successful of them are people who have had to struggle. One famous businessman, who now owns many big supermarkets, used to carry clothes on his back and sell them from door to door when he was young. Another successful man is Dennis. His father died when he was only twenty. His father's death forced him to mature fast. He had to bring up a family of nine people. He took up the challenges and overcame them. Today his brothers and sisters are leading successful lives.
Sometimes challenges do not appear to us because we keep away from them. So some parents and teachers actively encourage young people to face challenges. They might organize some activities for young people which provide them with challenges, like rock-climbing, camping, volunteer work and so on. However, just passing exams will not prepare a person for life. We must meet and overcome challenges. The young people of today will become the leaders of tomorrow. For countries to continue to become successful, it is important that the young people learn to meet challenges and overcome them.
（1）From the story we know that the butterfly can't fly because ________.
A. it gets out by itself
B. the man feels sorry for it
C. it doesn't want to challenge itself
D. the man helps it come out
（2）Dennis' example shows that success people should ________.
A. overcome the difficulties
B. take up business early
C. become the leaders of tomorrow
D. sell clothes from door to door
（3）Which statement is TRUE?
A. Young people should face challenges because they are strong.
B. Losing his father made Dennis mature in a slow way.
C. Rock-climbing and camping can shape the strong will.
D. The most successful people don't need to struggle.
（4）What is the best title for this passage?
A. God Helps Those Who Help Themselves
B. Young People Must Deal With Difficulties Alone
C. Nothing Is Impossible To A Willing Heart
D. Challenges of Life Bring Out the Best in Young People
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文通过蝴蝶破茧而出、一位成功的商人的经历讲述了勇敢面对生活中的苦难的重要性。

（1）细节题。

He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily.他切割了蛹，蝴蝶很容易出来。

可知因为人帮助它出来的，导致了蝴蝶不能飞，故选D。

（2）推理题。

根据He took up the challenges and overcame them.他接受了挑战并战胜了他们可知，丹尼斯的例子表明成功的人应该克服困难，故选A。

（3）推理题。

根据They might organize some activities for young people which provide them with challenges, like rock-climbing, camping 他们可能会为年轻人组织一些给他们带来挑战的活动，比如攀岩、露营可知，攀岩和露营可以塑造坚强的意志是对的，故选C。

（4）主旨题。

根据本文通过蝴蝶破茧而出、一位成功的商人的经历讲述了勇敢面对生活中的苦难的重要性可知，Challenges of Life Bring Out the Best in Young People 生活的挑战让年轻人展现出最好的一面适合做标题，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

3．阅读理解
When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.
At the age of 9, his father married his stepmother. At that time they lived poorly in the countryside while his stepmother was from a wealthy family.
His father introduced Hill to his stepmother as he said, "Dear, I hope you notice in the entire shire this is the worst boy, who has made me have no other way. Maybe before tomorrow morning he will throw a stone at you, or do a bad thing you will never imagine."
To Hill's surprise, his stepmother went up to him with a smile, held up his head and looked at him carefully. She then turned around to tell her husband, "You're wrong. He is not the worst boy in the entire shire, but the cleverest and most creative boy. Only he doesn't find a place to show himself."
His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. With this, he started building friendship with his stepmother. And this became the drive of his life, making him create 28 successful golden rules, which helped tens of thousands of ordinary people walk on the road to success.
Before his stepmother came, no one praised him smart, and his father and neighbours considered him as a bad boy. However, his stepmother's words changed his life.
When Hill was 14 years old, his stepmother bought him a used typewriter and said to him, "I believe you will become a writer." Hill accepted his stepmother's gift and expectation, and started writing things to a local newspaper. He understood his stepmother's strong feeling of interest in his family while he saw with his own eyes she had changed his family. Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to.
The strength from his stepmother made him a rich man and famous writer in the United States and one of the most important persons in the 20th century.
Praise will never be unnecessary, especially for children. A sincere(真诚的)praise may be better than 10, 000 bad words.
（1）What did people think of Hill before the age of nine?
A. Clever.
B. Creative.
C. Unfriendly.
D. Foolish.
（2）Hill started making friends with his stepmother after she .
A. smiled at him
B. looked at him carefully
C. said good words about him
D. said bad words about him
（3）Which of the following is WRONG about Hill?
A. He accepted his stepmother's typewriter.
B. He failed to do as he was expected.
C. He started writing to a local newspaper.
D. He understood his stepmother.
（4）The passage was written mainly to tell us that .
A. children should be praised
B. Hill's father married again
C. Hill's stepmother was kind to him
D. Hill's father was cruel to him
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意：小时候，希尔是一个坏孩子，当他九岁时，父亲娶了继母，父亲告诉吉姆他是个坏孩子，但是继母说他不会，而是个聪明的孩子，从此他跟继母的关系变的越来越好。

在继母的关爱下成为美国著名的作家。

（1）细节理解题，根据When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.可知，希尔九
岁前是个出了名的坏孩子，故答案是C。

（2）细节理解题，根据His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. With this, he started building friendship with his stepmother.可知，在继母说了他的好话后，他开始跟继母交朋友，故答案是C。

（3）正误判断题，根据Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to.可知他跟继母期盼的做的一样好，因此B的陈述是错误的，故答案是B。

（4）主旨大意题，根据文章内容可知，继母的表扬让他发生了很大的变化，因此可知，孩子们是需要表扬的，故答案是A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节理解题、正误判断题和主旨大意题。

细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；正误判断题同属于细节理解题，需要根据文章内容做出正误判定；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

4．阅读理解
What could a poem writer and a film director share? More than you think！Langston Hughes began writing poems in high school and soon became one of America's greatest writers. Most of his writing is about his experiences as an African American. He wrote poems about people who worked hard through life but still found things to be happy about. He wrote plays and books about justice(正义)for all people, and he wrote kids' books, too. The Sweet and Sour Animal Book is a book of his animal poems. Pictures and photos were used in the book." Hold fast to dreams" is a line in a famous Hughes poem. That's exactly what he did throughout his life.
When Steven Spielberg was in middle school, he wanted to make a film. He had an idea for a film, but no money. He started a tree-planting business and made his film with the money he earned. Spielberg never stopped making films, even after many film schools refused him. Today he is one of the most popular and important filmmakers in the world. His films are about people who are adventurous(爱冒险的), brave, kind. His characters often fight for what is good. Some of his films are about his Jewish background, such as Schindler's List. Spielberg once said, "I don't dream that much at night because I dream for a living." In different ways, both Hughes and Spielberg have encouraged people of all ages to reach for their dreams.
（1）What is the best title for the passage?
A. Two men who were afraid to dream
B. Two filmmakers who were afraid to dream
C. Two writers who weren't afraid to dream
D. Two men who weren't afraid to dream
（2）When Langston Hughes became great he was Steven Spielberg, who becomes popular.
A. as old as
B. as young as
C. younger than
D. older than
（3）Which of the following is Langston Hughes' writing not about?
A. His experiences as an African American.
B. The fair treatment of animals.
C. Hard-working and happy people.
D. The fair treatment of people.
（4）What did Langston Hughes do in his whole life?
A. He never gave up his wish.
B. He sometimes had a wish to achieve.
C. He always had no wish to achieve.
D. He always wrote poems for films.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】主要讲了兰斯顿休斯高中时开始写诗，很快成为美国最伟大的作家之一，史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格上中学时，他想拍一部电影，今天他是世界上最受欢迎和最重要的电影制片人之一，他们用不同的方式鼓励人们实现他们的梦想。

（1）主旨题。

根据全文可知主要讲了兰斯顿休斯和史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格用不同的方式鼓励人们实现梦想，即两个不害怕梦想的人，故选D。

（2）推断题。

根据Langston Hughes began writing poems in high school and soon became one of America's greatest writers. When Steven Spielberg was in middle school, he wanted to make a film. He had an idea for a film, but no money可知兰斯顿休斯高中时开始写诗，很快成为美国最伟大的作家之一，而史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格上中学时，他想拍一部电影但是没有钱，所以中学时没有受欢迎，所以兰斯顿休斯变得受欢迎时更年轻，故选C。

（3）细节题。

根据Most of his writing is about his experiences as an African American. He wrote poems about people who worked hard through life but still found things to be happy about. He wrote plays and books about justice(正义)for all people, and he wrote kids' books, too.可知他的大部分作品都是关于他作为非裔美国人的经历。

他写了一些诗，描写那些在生活中努力工作，但仍能找到快乐的事物的人。

他为所有人写剧本和关于正义的书，他也写儿童读物，没有关于动物的公平对待的，故选B。

（4）细节题。

根据Pictures and photos were used in the book." Hold fast to dreams" is a line in a famous Hughes poem. That's exactly what he did throughout his life.书中使用了图片和照片。

“紧紧抓住梦想”是休斯一首著名的诗中的一句话。

这正是他一生所做的。

即从不放弃梦想，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

5．阅读理解
Bob was only seven years old. One night Bob was at home alone while his parents were out for a party. He had often stayed alone before, so he wasn't afraid. As he waited for his parents to return home, he watched a film on TV. His eyes became heavier and heavier as time passed by.
Suddenly Bob's eyes opened wide- what was the sound in the next room? Bob heard the window being opened slowly. For a minute, Bob was so frightened that he could not move, and his body felt like ice. He knew that he couldn't lose his head and began to think of the things he could do.
Again he heard the sound of someone trying to climb into his home through the window.
Bob's drums were standing in the corner near the TV. "Wait, maybe there is something I can do," thought Bob. He beat his drums as hard as he could. The sound was so terrible that Bob surprised even himself. He also surprised the man in the window, who ran away as fast as possible. How clever he was!
（1）What did Bob do when he waited for his parents?
A. He played the drums.
B. He watched TV.
C. He fell asleep.
D. He did nothing.
（2）The person who wanted to come into the room might be _________________.
A. a friend
B. a stranger
C. an animal
D. a thief (贼)
（3）What does the underlined phrase "lose his head" mean in Chinese?
A. 冷静
B. 生气
C. 惊慌失措
D. 喜出望外（4）What did Bob do to make the man run away?
A. He turned up the TV.
B. He called the police.
C. He beat his drums.
D. He asked his parents for help.
（5）What do you think of Bob?
A. Foolish.
B. Lovely.
C. Funny.
D. Clever.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）C
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了Bob用敲鼓的方式吓跑了小偷的故事。

（1）细节题。

根据As he waited for his parents to return home, he watched a film on TV 当他等待父母回家时，他在电视上看了一部电影，可知鲍勃等父母时看了电视，故选B。

（2）推理题。

根据Again he heard the sound of someone trying to climb into his home。