科技英语复习内容(考试)

Unit 1
A. 1) mutual gain game and mutual harm game互赢博弈和互败博弈
2) sequential –move game连续策略博弈3) simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈
4) linear reasoning直线推理5) circular reasoning循环推理6) Nash reasoning纳什均衡
7) dominant strategy支配性策略8) optimal result最优化结果
9) breakdown of cooperation合作破裂10) strategy of brinkmanship边缘化策略
B. 1) 完全博弈pure conflict 2) 竞争与合作competition and cooperation
3) 策略性相互作用strategic interdependence 4) 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma
5) 长远性损失ong-run loss 6) 针锋相对策略tit-for-tat strategy
7) 策略混合mixing one’s moves
8) 打斜线球或底线球hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line
9) 垄断性市场monopoly market 10) 均衡份额equilibrium shares
Unit 5
A. 1) the existing technology 现有的技术2) voice commands语音命令
3) cellular network蜂窝网络4) slot for added memory附加存储卡用槽
5) have computerlike fearues具有电脑功能6) a built-in digital camera内置式数码相机
7) set up temporary offices建立临时办公室8) word processing power文字处理能力
9) qwerty keboard标准键盘10) location-based services定位服务
B. 1) 闪存容量flashy memory 2) 手机观察家们mobile-phone watchers
3) 投影键盘projection keyboard 4) 个人电脑的捍卫者defenders of the PC
5) 语音识别系统speech-recognition system 6) “双铰”式设计―dual hinge‖ design
7) 按钮式拨号式键盘the touch-tone pad 8) 手机迷a phone guy
9) 豪华大屏显the luxuriously large screen 10) 智能手机smartphones
Unit 8
A 1) ferrous metal 黑色金属2) boron nitride 氮化硼3) elastic deformation 弹性形变
4) plastic deformation 塑性形变5) bulk modulus体积模量
6) volume compression 体积压缩7) linear compression 线性压缩8) shear modulus 剪切模
9) covalent bond 共价键10) irreversible motion 不可恢复运动
B 1) 剪切运动shear motion 2）过渡金属transition mental 3）纳米结构nanostructure
4）结晶粒度grain size 5）三元相ternary phases 6）高价电子high valence electron
7）导热性能thermal conductivity 8) 低耗合成low-cost synthesis
9）耐磨涂层wear-risistant coating 10）折光指数index refraction
Unit 1
1. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential and simultaneous.
博奕的实质是博弈者采取策略间相互依赖性，这种策略性相互依赖表瑞为两个不同类别，连续策略之间和联力策略间的相互作用。

2. When we say that an outcome is an equilibrium, there is no presumption that each person’s privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result.
当我们把博弈结果表述为一种均衡的时候，并不是基于以下的假设及博弈参与者的最佳策略，将带来共同的优化结果。

3. In some situations of conflict, any systematic action will be discovered and exploited by the rival .Therefore, it is important to keep the rival guessing by mixing one’s moves. Typical examlpes arise in sports –whether to run or to pass in a particular situation in football , or whether to hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line in tennis.
在一引起博弈的冲突中，任何条理化和计划性的行为都人被对手发现并加以利用，因此通过采用组合策略迷惑对手显得非常重要。

我们在体育运动中可以发现典型例子，比如在足球比赛中特定情况下选择跑位或传球，在网球比赛是击球时选择斜线球或底线球。

4.Brinkmanship“is the tactic of deliberately letting the situation get somewhat out of hand, just because its being out of hand may be intolerable to the other party and force his accommodation.”
边缘政策是“一种故意使局势变得有些无法控制的策略，下是这种无法控制性可能会使对方无法接受从而迫使其妥协。

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5.When one player knows something that others do not, sometimes he is anxious to conceal this information (one’ hand in poker), and at other times he wants to reveal it credibly (a company’s commitment to quality). In both cases the general principle is that actions speak louder than words.
当博弈的一方了解其他人不掌握的信息时，他会急于隐瞒这一信息（比如牌局中所拿到的牌）在其他一些情况下，他还会想令人信服地公开某些信息（比如公司对产品质量的承诺），在这两种情况下，“行胜于言”是博弈者遵循的基本原则。

Unit 5
1. As our phones get smarter, smaller and faster and enable users to connect at high speeds to the Internet, an obvious question arises:Is the mobile handset turning into the next computer?
固话变得越来越小巧快捷并且能让用户高速连接到互联网，一个显而易见的问题就出现：移动手持设备将成为下一代计算机吗？
2.There are also smartphones on the way with video cameras, GPS antennas and acess to local Wi-Fi hotspots, the super fast wireless networks often found in offices, airports and cafes.
还有一个正式开发中的智能电话，他们装饰带有摄像机，GPS无线能及本地WI-FI（一种常常能在办公室、机场、咖啡馆找到的超高速无线网络，热点链接的入口）。

3.With this capability, phones will soon be able to provide precise driving directions, serve up discounts for stores as you walk by them and expand dating services.
有了这项功能，手机很快就能提供精确的行车向导，播报所路过店铺的打折信息，并扩展约会服务。

4.Cell phones aren’t likely to take the fastest road to this bright future. Innovation in the mobile industry is full of zigzags and wrong turns, often because no single company completely controls the device in your pocket.
手机不太可能不沿着最快的道路驶向自己光明的未来，这个行业的创新充满曲折和失误，其原因是常常由于没有任何一家公司能完全控制这一产品
5. Yet mobile-phone innovators are working to solve that tricky problem, too. Scientists are continuing decades of research into speech-recognition systems and have recently introduced the technology into PDAs.
然而手机创新者也正着手解决这个棘手的问题，科学家已经在语音识别系统方面进行了几十年的研究，而且此项研究仍在继续，最近这项技术也被引入PDA中。

Unit 8
1,Elastc deformation in a direction different from that of the applied load results in shape rather than volume changes; these motions are measured by the shear modulus.
当弹性形变的方向与外加载荷方向不同时，材料将出现形状的变化而不是体积的变化，这需要剪切模来测量。

2. If a materal shows large elastic changes under small load (low modulus), it tends to respond to larger loads by deforming plastically (low hardness).
如果一个材料在小载荷下产生强大的弹性形变（低模量）它就可能在大载荷下产生塑性形变（低硬度）。

3. However, this approach is unlikely to produce materials with hardesses exceeding those of boron nitride/diamond solid solutions, which are intermediate in hardness between diamond and cubic boron nitride.
但是这种方法不太可能形成硬度超过氮化硼或金刚石固熔体的材料，这些材料的硬度介于氮化硼和金刚石晶体之间。

4.Superlattices of TiN/AIN or carbon nitride/TIN with a periodicity of 6to 8 nm also exhibit hardnesses two to three tiomes as great sa that of the bulk crystalline form of these materials.
以6到8纳米为周期的叫氮化钛/氮化铝/氮化碳/氮化钛超晶体结构，其硬度要比这些材料本体晶体的硬度要大到1到2倍。

5. Ternary phases of beryllium with other light elements---boron, carbon, nitrogen,and oxygen—could have exciting properties in their own right or in combination with high valence electron density metals.
铍的三元相与其他的轻元素如硼、碳、氮、氧，如果以正确的方式结合或进一步与高价电子密度的金属结合就可能会具有令人欣喜的性能。

课堂笔记
1，takeovers n. 1兼并 2.v.接管，接收
The economy of Hongkong goes well after its takeovers
2, pioneer n.拓荒者，开拓者V.开创，开发，倡导
Many of the early pioneers left after a long cold winter.
The new treatment for cancer was pioneered by the experts of state hospital
3.fight back 还击，还手，反攻
If you are mugged,don’t fight back, give them your wallet
4, essence 本质，实质
The essence of war is violence.
Essential adj. 重要的
Good food is essential for your health
5, ignore不管，忽视
Just ignore him and he will stop pestering you.
Ignorant 无知的，不知情的
I’m ignorant of the French language.
He is ignorant of his treachery.
6, finite 有限的infinite 1,极大的，2无限的
Oil is a finite resource
One of Kathy’s gifts is her infinite patience.极大的
The universe is infinite.
7, in contrast to 与。

形成对比
In contrast to mine, your income is quite enormous.
8,ignorance n.无知，愚蠢
He did through ignorance
I was utter ignorance of the fact
Insight n.1,洞察力，眼光2,灼见，深入了解
She is a woman of great insight.
She has an insight into the event.
10,recall 回想起
I didn’t recall his name until he answered the roll call.
11,convey 传送，传达
Language conveys message
Please convey to the people of your country the greeting of the Chinese people
Unit 5
1.pop up: to appear, sometimes unexpectly
A screen popped up saying these was a system error.
These seem to be new restanrant popping up everywhere.
2, indulge vt.使沉迷，放纵，纵容VI纵情，沉溺
He became a thief because his mother had indulged.溺爱
He no longer indulged in alcohol.
3,roll out: to produce in large quantity
The factory rolls up 300 boxes of it products every day.
The company expects to roll out the new software in September.
4 eclipse: to make other person or thing seem less important, good or famous.
The economy has eclipsed all other issues during this election campaign.
n.日食/月食
I’ve never seen a total eclipse of the sun
5. trot out (informal) to bring out for others to see or admire.
拿出。

让人看，炫耀地出示
I trot out all my best china.
He made the speech just to trot out his knowledge.
6. a (good) run for on e’s money: a good fight a hard struggle
Although our team failed to win the game, they give the other team a run for their money.
We are going to give the other candidate a run for her money.
我们将与另一候选人进行激烈竞争。

7, shrink (shrank, shrunk) :to become or to make something smaller in amount size or value. We want to expand the business not shrink it.
Unit 8
1, ferrous metal 黑色金属
2，cubic boron nitride 氮化硼晶体
3 analogous to :与。

相似
A：the human heart is analogous to a pump.（抽水机）
B：The movement of particle(粒子)in an atom is the sun analogous to the way the planets move 4. elastic deformation 弹性形变
Plastic deformation 塑性形变
Compress elastically
5, bulk modulus 体积模量
V olume compression 体积压缩
Young’s modulus 杨式模量
Linear compression 线性压缩
Shear modulus 剪切模量
7，elastic 有弹性的，灵活的
This swimming costume is made of elastic material
She is a cheerful and elastic girl.
My timetable for this week is faintly elastic.
8,bult 体积，尺寸，块头，主要部分，大部分
Do you change carriage b bulk or by weight.
The ocean form the bulk of the earth’s surface.
Shear motions剪切运动
Highly directional bonding 高方向性键
Purely covalent bonding 纯粹井价键
Ionic character 离子特征
High density of valence electron 高密度价电子
9，hypothetical 假定的,假想的
Don’t asking hypothetical questions
Take it easy, that’s only a hypothetical situations.
10 solid solution 固熔体
11 intermediate 中间的，中级的
Grey is intermediate between black and white.
You can take the exam at intermediate or advanced level.
Transition metal 过度金属
Covalent bond共价键
Movement of dislocation 错位运动
Ultrafine-grained diamond 超细金刚石
Grain size 粒度
Nanometer-scale components 纳米极粒子
High valence electron density metal 高价电子密度金属
12，in one’s own right: by reason of on e’s own ability or ownership etc. 凭本身的头衔，以自己的实力，以本身的资格，质量
She is a rich woman in her own right rather than by inheritance
This is indeed an excellent novel in its own right.
13, indices of refraction 折光指数。