教你学术论文 毕业论文的写作教程 outline

what is an outline of a writing?
An outline is a general plan of what you are going to write. You can compare making an outline to drawing plans to build a house. Before one begins to build a house, it is best to draw up plans to make sure that a house is built in the way you want.
So an outline functions as a map or a coordinate for your later writing. It gives the writer definite directions to keep the writer on the scheduled ways to finish the paper writing and avoid deviating.
However, it d oesn’t mean an outline can’t be changed. Actually, with research going on, researchers may often have new ideas and then they need to modify their outline.
Formation, Justification and optimization of macro-structure
Before you start developing the draft, the best is to optimize and refine your macro-structure or outline. It helps a lot in paving the way for your easy and sound draft writing. In fact, the outline is being modified all over the whole course until the paper is finally submitted.
For that, you can ask the following questions about the outline. some questions to be considered
Does the outline include the common necessary components: introduction, main body and conclusion?
2. Do the given parts reasonably and sufficiently support the thesis in different levels?
3. Are there some gaps or flaws of concern or some other important points not covered in the outline?
4. Are the given parts of the same level overlapping or contradictory in their function and tasks? Or do they have their obviously different but related emphases?
5. Do the subtitles and their senior title have clear logical relations?
6. Are the subtitles of a same level arranged in a reasonable logical order?
7. Does the outline reflect the focus and emphasis of the study regarding to the proportion and elaboration of different parts?
Sample outline: Application of Task-based Learning to English Teaching • 1 Introduction
• 2 The Development of the Task-Based Learning
• 2.1 The History of the TBL
• 2.2 The Comparison between TBL and the PPP Approach
• 3 The Practical Implementation of TBL
• 3.1 Three Stages of TBL
• 3.1.1 Pre-task - Introduction to the Topic and Task
• 3.1.2 Task cycle - Doing the Task, Planning and a Report • 3.1.3 Language Focus - Analysis and Practice
• 3.2 Four Principles of the Tasks Design
• 3.2.1 The Authentic Principle of Language and Situation • 3.2.2 The Combination Principle of Form and Function
• 3.2.3 The Step by Step Principle
• 3.2.4 The Learning by Doing Things Principle • 3.3 Concrete Types of TBL
• 3.3.1 Prediction Tasks
• 3.3.2 Memory Challenge Tasks
• 3.3.3 Restoration Tasks
• 3.3.4 Comparison Tasks
• 3.3.5 Jumbles（杂乱）
• 3.3.6 Jigsaw（交错）
• 4 Conclusion。