英语专四真题及答案解析
(完整版)专四真题及答案详解
专四真题及答案PARTⅠ DICTIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will beread sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. Thelast reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully andthen answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of theconversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. Which of the following is NOT needed for the Lost Property Form?B.NationalityC. AddressD.Phone number2.From the conversation we know that Mark Adams comes fromA.EssexB.EdinburghC.LondonD.The US.3.What will Mark Adams do the day after tomorrow?A.To come to the office againB.To wait for the phone callC.To call the officeD.To write to the officeQuestions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of theconversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4.Members of the club are required toA.register when they arrive.B.bring up to three guests.C.register their guests.D.show membership cards on arrival.5.Which of the following details about the changing rooms is NOT correct?A.There is a change for the use of the lockerB.Showers are installed in the changing rooms.C.Lockers are located in the changing roomsD.Lockers are used to store personal belongings.6.According to the club’s rules, members can playA.for 30minutes only.B.for one hour only.C.within the booked time only.D.longer than the booked time.7.Which of the following details is NOT correct?A.Players can eat in the club room.B.Players have to leave the club by ten o’clock.C.The courts are closed earlier than the club room.D.Players can use both the club room and the courts.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of theconversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.8.At the university Mr. Robinson specialized inA.mathsB.physicsC.water managementD.geography9.Mr. Robinson worked for the Indian Government because ofA.university links.ernment agreements.pany projects.D.degree reuirements.10.After Mr. Robinson returned from India, heA.changed jobs several times.B.went to live in Manchester.C.did similar work as in India.D.became head of a research team.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and thenanswer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. ,4t the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11.According to the talk, the owner of a bike has toA.register his bike immediatelyB.put his bike on a list at onceC.have it stamped with a numberD.report to the police station12.The speaker in the talk recommendsA.two locks for all expensive bikes.B.a good lock for an expensive bike.C.cheap locks for cheap bikes.D.good locks for cheap bikes.13.What is the main idea of the talk?A.How to have the bike stamped.B.How to protect your bike.C.How to buy good locks.D.How to report your lost bike to thepolice.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14.Which course(s) runs or run for one hour each time?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All of the three courses.15.Which course(s) does or do NOT require enrolment beforehand?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All of the three courses.16.Which course(s) is(are) designed especially for students of economics and social sciences?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All if the three courses.17.Which course(s) is(are) the shortest?A.Conversation class.B.Writing skills classC.Examination Skills class.D.All language courses.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18.How old was Leonardo da Vinci when he moved to Milan?A.25.B.30.C.35.D.40.19.Throughout his life, Leonardo da Vinci worked as all the following EXCEPTA.a painterB.an engineerC.an architectD.abuilder20.Where did Leonardo da Vinci die?A.In FranceB.In MilanC.In FlorenceD.In TuscanySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 to 22are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.21.Who had to leave the Gaza Strip and the West Bank?A.The Israeli army.B.The Jewish settlers.C.The Palestinians.D.The Israeli Prime Minister.22.How many settlements would have to be removed altogrther in the Gaza Strip andthe West Bank?A.2B.4C.21D.25Questions 23 to 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.23. Which of the following in NOT mentioned in the news?A.The agreement has to be approved by Romania.B.The agreement has to be approved by Bulgaria.C.The agreement has to be approved by some EU states.D.The agreement has to be approved by all the EU states.24.Romania and Bulgaria can not join the EU in 2007 unless they carry out reformsin the following areas EXCEPTA.manufacturing.B.border control.C.adminstration.D.justice.Questions 25 to 26are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.25.What is the theme of the forum?A.Business leadership.B.Global business community.C.Economic prospects in China.D.Business and government in China.26.According to the news, the first forum was heldA.10 years ago.B.3 years ago.C.in 1999.D.in 2001.Questions 27to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.27.About ______of the 15000 visitors on the opening day of HongKong Disneyland camefrom the mainland.A.4000B.5000C.6000D. 700028.According to the news, residents in ______showed least interest in visiting the theme park.A.BeijingB.GuangzhouC.ShanghaiD.HongKongQuestions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.29.What is the news mainly about?A.Religious violence.B.Refugee issues.C.A ferry disaster.D.A rescue operation30.The ferry boat was designed to carry______passengers.A.198B.200C.290D.500PART III CLOSE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.Until I took Dr Offutt’s class in DeMatha High school , I was an underachieving student,but I left that class (31)_______never to underachieve again.He not onlyTaught me to think,he convinced me,(32)________by example as words that it was mymoral (33)_______to do so and to serve others.(34)_____of us could know how ourrelationship would(35)_______over the years .When I came back to DeMatha toteach English, I worked for Dr Offutt,the department chair.My discussions with him were like graduate seminars in adolescent(36)______,classroom management a nd school leadership.After several years,I was (37) _______department chair,and our relationship(38)________ again. I thought that it might be (39)______chairing the department ,since all of my (40)______English teachers were(41)_______there,but Dr. Offutt supported me(42)_______.He knew when to give me advice(43)_______curriculum,texts personnel ,and when to let me (44)______my own course.In 1997,I needed his (45)______about leaving DeMatha to become principal at another school.(46)_______he had asked me t o stay at DeMatha,I might have .(47)_______,he encouraged me t o seize the opportunity.Five years ago ,I became the principal of DeMatha.(48)________,Dr Offutt was there for me,letting me know that I could (49)_______him. I have learned from him thatgreat teachers have an inexhaustible(50)________of lessons to teach.31. A.concerned B.worried C.determined D.decided32. A. as much B. much as C. as such D. such as33.A. work B. job C. duty D.obligation34.A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. Each35. A. evolve B. stay C. remain D. turn36.A.process B.procedure C.development D.movement37.A.called d C.asked D.invited38.A. moved B. altered C. went D. shifted39.A.awkward B.uneasy C.unnatural D.insensitive40.A. older B.experienced C.former D. /41. A. / B.still C.even D.already42. A.through B.throughout C.at the beginning D.all the way43. A.for B.at C.over D.about44. A.chart B.head C.describe D.manage45.A.opinion B.request C.permission D.order46.A.Even if B.Although C.If D.When47.A.Naturally B.Instead C.Consequently D.Still48.A.Once again B.Repeatedly C.Unusally D.Unexpectedly49.A.count in B.count down C.count out D.count on50.A.stock B.bank C.wealth D.storePART IV GRAMMER &VOCABULARY [15MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there arefour words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Choose one word or phrase that bestcompletes the sentences.51. There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it .A.thanB.likeC.asD.so52.All the President’s Men ______one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.is remaining53.“You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics,he might still be alive now.A.had receivedB.receivedC.should receiveD.were receiving55.Linda was _____the experiment a month ago,but she changed her mind at the lastminute.A. to startB.to have startedC.to be startingD.to have been starting56.She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB.had beenC.could beD.must have been57.It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficultto understand.A.thatB.asC.soD.very58.The comminttee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.A.ariseB.will ariseC.aroseD.have arisen59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible tocomprehend.A.had foundB.findsC.has foundD.would find60.He would have finished his college education,but he _______to quit and find ajob to support his family.A.had hadB.hasC.hadD.would have61.The research requires more money than ________.A.have been put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.to be putin62.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably________a threat to the human race than enviromental destruction.A.no moreB.not moreC.even moreD.much more63.It is not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the oldand the young.A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be64.________at in his way,the situation does not seem so desperate.A.LookingB.lookedC.Being lookedD.to look65.It is absolutely essential that William________his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A.will continueB.continuedC.continueD.continues66.The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a_______forgery.A.man-madeB.naturalC.crudeD.real67.She’s always been kind to me –I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help.A.my backB.my headC.my eyeD.shoulder68.The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members.A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveprehensive69.The tutition fees are ______to students coming from low-income families.A.approachableB.payableC.reachableD.affordable70.The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the_______of the earthquake.A.consequenceB.aftermathC.resultsD.effect71.This sort of rude behaviour in public hardly ______a person in your position.A.becomesB.fitsC. supportsD.improves72.I must leave now._______,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.A.AccidentallyB.IncidentallyC.EventuallyD.Naturally73.After a long delay,she ______replying to my e-mail.A.got away withB.got back atC.got byD.got round to74.Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people;theyare________available these days.A.promptlyB.instantlyC.readilyD.quickly75.In my first year at the university I learnt the _______of journalism.A.basicsB.basicC.elementaryD.elements76.According to the new tax law,any money earned over that level is taxed at the______of 59 percentA.ratioB.percentageC.proportionD.rate77.Thousands of _______at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to anoutstanding performance.A.audienceB.participantsC.spectatorsD.observers78.We stood still ,gazing out over the limitless ______of the dessert.A.spaceB.expanseC.stretchnd79.Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with.A.smellB.hearC.senseD.tough80.Mary sat at the table, looked at the plate and ______her lips.A.smackedB.openedC.partedD.seperatedPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions orunfinished statements,each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT AIf you like the idea of staying with with a family,living in house might be the answer.Good landladies---those who are superb cooks and launderers,are figures aspopular in fiction as the bad ones who terrorize their guests and overcharge themat the slightest opportunity.The truth is probably somewhere between the two extremes.If you are lucky,the food will be adequate, some of your laundry may bedone for you and you will have a reasonable amount of comfort and companionship .For the less fortunate ,house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends tovistit,and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy and untidy guests are living under the same roof.The same disadvantages can apply to flat sharing,with the added difficultiesthat arise from deciding who pays for what,and in what proportion.One person mayspend hours on the phone,while another rarely makes calls. If you want privacy with a guest , how do you persuade the others to go out; how do you persuade them to leave you in peace,especially if you are student and want to study?Conversely,flat sharing can be cheap,there will always be someone to talkto and go out with,and the chores,in theory,can be shared.81.According to the passage ,landladies are ________ually strict.B.always mean.C.adequately competent.D.very popular with their guests.82.What is the additional disadvantage of flat sharing ?A.Problems of sharing and paying.B.Differences in living habits.C.Shared cooking and bathroom facilities.D.Restriction to invite friends to visit.83.What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of flat sharing?A.Rent is affordableB.There is companionship.C.Housework can be shared.D.There is peace and quiet.TEXT B(1) Travelling through the country a couple of weeks ago on business,I waslistening to the talk of the late UK writer Douglas Adams’ masterwork “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” on the radio and thought-I know,I’ll pick up the next hitchhikers I see and ask them what the state of real hitching is todayin Britain.(2)I drove and drove on main roads and side roads for the next few days and never saw a single one.(3)When I was in my teens and 20s ,hitchhiking was a main form of long-distance transport.The kindness or curiosity of strangers took me all over Europe,NorthAmerica,Asia and southern Africa,Some of the lift-givers became friends ,manyprovided hospitality on the road.(4)Not only did you find out much more about a country than when traveling bytrain or plane ,but there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night.Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture.It has books and songs about it .So what has happened to it?(5)A few years ago ,I asked the same question about hitching in a column ofa newspaper.Hundreds of people from all over the world responded with their viewon the state of hitchhiking .(6)Rural Ireland was recommended as a friendly place for hitching,as wasQuebec,Canada-“if you don’t mind being criticized for not speaking French”.(7)But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in some places ,the general feeling was that throughtout much of the west it was doomed.(8)With so much news about crime in the media,people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger.But dowe need to be so wary both to hitch and to give a lift?(9)In Poland in the 1960s,according to a Polish woman who e-mail me ,"the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker’s Booklet.The booklet contained coupons for drivers,so each time a driver picked somebody ,he or she received a coupon.At theend of the season,drivers who h ad picked up the most hikers were rewarded with various prizes.Everyone was hitchhiking then”.(10)Surely this is a good idea for society.Hitchhiking would increase respectby breaking down barriers between strangers.It would help fight global warming bycutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels.Itwould also improve educational standards by delivering instant lessons in geography ,history,politics and sociology.(11)A century before Douglas Adams wrote his “Hitchhiker’s Guide”,another adventure story writer,Robert Louis Stevenson, gave us that what should be thehitchhiker’s motto:"To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive.” What better time than putting a holiday weekend into practice. Either put it to the test yourself, or help out someone who is trying to travel hopefully with thumb outstretched.84. In which paragraph(s) does the writer comment on his experience of hitchhiking?A. (3)B. (4)C. (3) and (4)D. (4) and (5)85. What is the current situation of hitchhiking?A. It is popular in some parts of the world.B. It is popular throughout the west.C. It is popular only in the North Amercia.D.It’s still popular in Poland.86. What is the writer’s attitude towards the practice in Poland?A. Critical.B. Unclear.C. Somewhat favourable.D. Strongly favourable.87. The writer has mentioned all the following benefits of hitchhiking EXCEPTA. promoting mutual respect between strangers.B. increasing one’s confidence in strangers.C. protecting enviroment.D. enriching one’s knowledge.88."Either put it to the test yourself…”in Paragraph (11) meansA. to experience the hopefulness.B. to read Adams’ book.C. to offer someone a lift.D.to be a hitchhiker.TEXT CI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I amso tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ;it is the realiry I took with me i nto sleep . I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts.She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Herlong black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . Inher hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me ofmy childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and ,with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.”She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one ofthose skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom tobargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with thesort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the fewwords I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We s hook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made a nother offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was beingtoo generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase.She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me w hile she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayedbehind in the marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t ,of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in thenewspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirtsup to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what Ihave. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colours. The woman in the maketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and veryhard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.89.According to the writer, the woman in the marketplaceA refused to speak to her.B was pleasant and attractive.C was selling skirts ribbons.D recognized her immediately.90. Which of the following in NOT corret?A. The writer was not used to bargaining.B. People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C. Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.91. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because thewomanA. thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.D. was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.92. Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.She was fed up with further bargainning with the woman.93.When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not becauseA. she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B. she was afraid of crying in public.C.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D. she had to show in public that she was strong.94. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?A.she suddently felt very sad.B.she liked the ribbons so much.C.she was overcome by emotion.D.she felt sorry for the woman.TEXT DThe kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, on my way to work these mornings.They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape.These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ranout on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they nowappear to be “self care”.Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family.In 19th century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months ayear.In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools arescheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months offto work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy.But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means somethingdifferent. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in thesummer, they hang out.“We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and the realisties of family life,”says Dr. Ernest Boyer ,head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancementof Teaching.Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable."School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been.”His is not popular idea. Schools are routinely burdened with the job ofsolving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our workand family lives?It may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the complaints and studies about our kids’ lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesn’t produce a well-educated。
专四往年考试题及答案
专四往年考试题及答案一、选择题(每题1分,共10分)1. The weather forecast says it will be ________ tomorrow.A. rainyB. rainy dayC. rainy weatherD. rain2. He is a ________ man who is always ready to help others.A. aloneB. lonelyC. alonenessD. loneliness3. The company has decided to ________ the new product line.A. launchB. landC. latchD. latch on4. She is ________ to her mother in appearance.A. similarB. alikeC. similar toD. alike to5. The professor gave us a ________ lecture on the history of art.A. fascinatingB. fascinatedC. fascinatinglyD. fascinatedly二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)6. The ________ of the meeting has been postponed due to the sudden illness of the speaker.7. The ________ between the two countries has been tense since the border dispute.8. The ________ of the project was completed on schedule, much to the relief of the team.9. The ________ of the book is quite engaging, making it a bestseller.10. The ________ of the company's success can be attributed to its innovative strategies.三、阅读理解(每题2分,共20分)Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In recent years, the popularity of e-books has surged, with many people opting for digital versions of their favorite novels and non-fiction works. This shift has been attributed to the convenience and portability of e-books, as well as the environmental benefits of reducing paper waste. However, some argue that the traditional paper book still holds a special place in the hearts of readers, offering a tactile experience that cannot be replicated by digital formats.11. What is the main reason for the increase in e-bookpopularity?12. What are the two benefits mentioned for e-books?13. Who believes that paper books are irreplaceable?14. What is the argument against e-books in terms of the reading experience?四、作文题(20分)15. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Traditional Book Reading."答案:一、选择题1. A2. B3. A4. C5. A二、填空题6. cancellation7. relationship8. implementation9. narrative10. success三、阅读理解11. The convenience and portability of e-books.12. Convenience, portability, and environmental benefits.13. Some readers.14. The tactile experience of paper books.四、作文题评分标准应依据内容的相关性、语言的准确性、组织结构的合理性以及观点的深度和广度。
英语专四试题及答案详解
英语专四试题及答案详解一、听力理解(共30分)1. A) 短对话理解(共10分)- 例题:What is the man going to do?A) Buy a book.B) Return a book.C) Borrow a book.- 答案:A- 解析:根据对话中男士说“Excuse me, where can I buy a book?”可知,男士打算买书。
2. B) 长对话理解(共10分)- 例题:What is the relationship between the two speakers?A) Colleagues.B) Friends.C) Teacher and student.- 答案:C- 解析:对话中出现“Remember to hand in your homework next time,” 说明其中一人为老师,另一人为学生。
3. C) 短文理解(共10分)- 例题:What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of sleep.B) The benefits of exercise.C) The effects of stress.- 答案:A- 解析:短文主要讨论了睡眠的重要性,因此选项A是正确答案。
二、词汇与语法(共20分)1. 词汇题(共10分)- 例题:Despite the heavy rain, the game continued,_______ the players' disappointment.A) to the delight ofB) to the dismay ofC) to the surprise of- 答案:B- 解析:根据句子中的“the players' disappointment”,可知球员们感到失望,因此选择B。
2. 语法题(共10分)- 例题:I don’t think he will be able to come to the meeting this afternoon, _______?A) will heB) won’t heC) isn’t he- 答案:A- 解析:在否定前移的句子中,疑问部分要与后面的主谓结构保持一致,因此选择A。
英语专四2020真题及答案解析
英语专四2020真题及答案解析IntroductionThe English Special Test (专四) is an important examination for English learners in China. It evaluates the proficiency level of candidates and is recognized by many universities and employers as a reliable measure of English language skills. In this article, we will analyze the 2020 English Special Test and provide detailed answers and explanations.Section 1 - Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section of the English Special Test aims to assess candidates' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. In the 2020 test, there were four parts, including short dialogues, long conversations, news reports, and speeches.For each question, candidates needed to listen carefully and choose the correct answer from the options provided. The questions covered a wide range of topics, from daily life situations to academic discussions. It required bothlistening skills and background knowledge.Section 2 - Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section evaluates candidates'reading skills and their ability to understand written English. In the 2020 test, there were two passages, each followed by several multiple-choice questions.The passages covered different topics, such as literature, history, science, and social issues. To answer the questions, candidates had to read the passages carefully, comprehend the main ideas, and identify supporting details. Some questions also required inference and critical thinking.Section 3 - Cloze TestThe cloze test assesses candidates' grammar and vocabulary skills. In this section, there were two texts with multiple-choice questions, and candidates had to choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blanks.The passages in the 2020 test were relatively complex, covering various themes, such as environment, technology, and education. Candidates needed to have a solid understanding of vocabulary and grammar rules to select the correct answer.Section 4 - TranslationThe translation section tests candidates' ability to translate between Chinese and English accurately. In this part, candidates had to translate a Chinese passage into English and an English passage into Chinese.The passages in the 2020 test focused on cultural, social, and environmental topics. Translating accurately andconveying the same meaning in a different language were crucial for success in this section.ConclusionIn this article, we have analyzed the structure and content of the English Special Test (专四) 2020. Thelistening comprehension section evaluated candidates' ability to understand spoken English, while the reading comprehension section tested their reading skills. The cloze test assessed grammar and vocabulary, and the translation section examined their translation proficiency.To perform well in the English Special Test, candidates need to have a strong foundation in English language skills and be familiar with various topics. Additionally, consistent practice and exposure to authentic English materials can greatly enhance their chances of success.Remember, the English Special Test is not only a measure of language proficiency but also an opportunity to demonstrate one's ability to communicate in English effectively.。
专业四级单选19套(附详细答案)
专业四级单选19套(附详细答案)一:1. Although ____ Spanish, he attended the course. A. he was knowing B. he is knowing C. having a knowledge of D. knows 2. You ____that letter to James. However, you didn’t. A. ought to write B. ought to have written C. should write D. should be writing 3. Joseph was very lucky ____ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room. A. to escape B. to have escaped C. to escaping D. to be escaping 4. Bread and butter ____liked by Westerners. A. is B. are C. were D. be 5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____very pleasant to sit on in summer.A. which isB. which it isC. it is it is6. He set up in business ____ his own and was very successful. A. in D. by7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ____ last night. A. must study14. Modern ___perhaps causes more problems than it solves. A. technique C. tactics 15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ____ when she was trying to go tosleep. A. sounding B. ringing C. ticking D. humming 16. Under this ____ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid. A. intensive17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ____ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living. A. maximum C. majorit 18. Nancy was surprised that they have ____. They seemed to be a happy couple. A. split up down C. fallen through D. knocked out beach is in an ideal ____to draw tourists. A. condition B.situation C. state D. publicity 20. Our ____ sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds. A. sensibleB. senselessC. sensitiveD. sensory21. The eldest child is thoroughly ____because they always give him whatever he wants. A. wasted B. spoiled22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ____a gas. A. give into B. give over C. give off D. give away 23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ____ with him at once. A. peace B. large C. ease D. best 24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow? —Well, I’ll have to get ____ from my boss. A. permission B. permit C. allowance D. possession 25. The ____ in Janet’s character has hindered her from advancement in her career. A. weaknessB. meritC. defectD. shortcoming 答案详解: 1. C)【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语,但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。
2024英语专四真题及参考答案
2024英语专四真题及参考答案Introduction:The 2024 English Proficiency Test for University Students (also known as the English Proficiency Test for College Students) is an official examination conducted annually in China. It serves as a measure of English language proficiency for Chinese college students seeking to pursue further studies or employment opportunities in English-speaking countries. This article will provide an overview of the 2024 English Proficiency Test for University Students, as well as sample questions and reference answers for each section of the exam.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionIn this section, candidates are required to listen to a series of audio recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on the information provided. The audio recordings cover a range of topics, including academic lectures, conversations, and news reports. The purpose of this section is to assess the candidates' ability to comprehend spoken English in various contexts. Here is a sample question:Question:What is the main topic of the conversation?A. Travel destinationsB. Environmental issuesC. Health and fitnessD. Job opportunitiesReference answer: C. Health and fitnessSection 2: Reading ComprehensionIn the reading comprehension section, candidates are presented with a series of passages and required to answer multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, or provide short answers based on the information provided in the passages. The passages cover a variety of topics, such as social issues, science, literature, and culture. The purpose of this section is to assess the candidates' ability to understand written English and extract relevant information. Here is a sample question:Question:According to the passage, what is the main cause of climate change?A. DeforestationB. Industrial pollutionC. Natural disastersD. Population growthReference answer: B. Industrial pollutionSection 3: Cloze TestIn the cloze test section, candidates are presented with a passage containing several gaps. They are required to choose the most appropriate word or phrase from the options provided to fill in the gaps. The purpose ofthis section is to assess the candidates' vocabulary knowledge and ability to use context clues to determine the correct answer. Here is a sample question:Question:I can't believe how much technology has (1) __________ our lives in recent years. From smartphones to social media, we are constantly connected to the (2) __________ world. However, this (3) __________ of technology also brings about some challenges. People are becoming more reliant on their devices and less (4) __________ in face-to-face interactions.1. A. improvedB. transformedC. complicatedD. influenced2. A. physicalB. digitalC. virtualD. imaginary3. A. advancementB. intrusionC. adaptationD. avoidance4. A. proficientB. proficientC. engagedD. anomalousReference answers: 1. B. transformed2. B. digital3. B. intrusion4. C. engagedSection 4: WritingThe writing section requires candidates to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time limit. The purpose of this section is to assess the candidates' ability to express themselves in written English, as well as their critical thinking and organization skills. Here is a sample essay topic:Essay topic: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.Reference answer:Studying abroad has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, studying in a foreign country allows students to immerse themselves in a different culture and gain a global perspective. They have the opportunity to learn a new language, meet people from different backgrounds, and develop important life skills such as independence and adaptability. On the other hand, studying abroad can be expensive andchallenging. Students may face language barriers, cultural differences, and homesickness. It can also be difficult to find a balance between academic responsibilities and personal life. In conclusion, while studying abroad offers numerous benefits, it is important for students to carefully consider the potential challenges and make an informed decision.Conclusion:The 2024 English Proficiency Test for University Students is an important examination for Chinese college students aiming to enhance their English language proficiency. By providing an overview of the test structure and sample questions with reference answers, this article offers valuable insights for candidates preparing for the exam.。
2022专四真题及答案解析详解
2022专四真题及答案解析详解在备考英语专业四级考试的过程中,对于很多同学来说,了解真题及答案解析是非常重要的。
因此,本文将对2022专四真题及其答案进行详细解析,希望能够帮助同学们更好地应对考试。
首先,让我们来看一下2022专四考试的真题:阅读理解:Passage OneThe more than 800 billion emails sent each day in 2022 travel (though undersea cables) at a speed of about 60 mph—the equivalent of a commercial jet airplane. But that is at the bottom of the sea; the first computers can only pass them along as fast as an ox pulling a cart.A new UK project called Sea-ME-We-5—short for Southeast Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 5—is expected to help increase the speed and capacity of the internet to one of the fastest speeds ever. The submarine (潜水) cable project runs almost 20,000 kilometers from Singapore to France.In recent years, the internet has become increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few corporations whose control over the internet'score infrastructure has the power to shape the future ofthe medium. Governments are trying to get back some of that control.Sea-ME-We-5 is funded by a consortium(财团) of about 20 telecommunications companies—each having an equal sharing of the ownership of the project. These 20 companies are from 17 different countries.1. The traffic flow of emails on the Internet is limited by _______.A. the new UK projectB. the cables in the seaC. the first computersD. the speed of an ox答案分析: 从第一段可以得知,由于第一代电脑传输速度缓慢,因此电子邮件的流量受到限制。
专四试题及答案2024
专四试题及答案2024一、听力理解(共20分)1. 短对话理解(共5分)- 根据所听对话,选择正确答案。
- 例:What is the man going to do?- A. Go to the library.- B. Go to the cinema.- C. Go to the concert.- 答案:A2. 长对话理解(共5分)- 根据所听对话,回答以下问题。
- 例:What is the main topic of the conversation?- 答案:The main topic is the upcoming holiday plans.3. 新闻听力(共5分)- 根据所听新闻,选择正确答案。
- 例:What is the news report mainly about?- A. A new policy.- B. A natural disaster.- C. A sports event.- 答案:B4. 听力填空(共5分)- 根据所听短文,填写空缺的单词或短语。
- 例:The project was completed on _______.- 答案:schedule二、阅读理解(共30分)1. 快速阅读(共10分)- 阅读文章,判断下列句子是否正确。
- 例:The article mainly discusses the benefits of exercise.- 答案:True2. 深度阅读(共20分)- 阅读文章,回答以下问题。
- 例:What is the author's opinion on the issue?- 答案:The author believes that the issue requires a balanced approach.三、词汇与语法(共20分)1. 词汇选择题(共10分)- 选择最合适的词填空。
- 例:The _______ of the new policy was met with mixed reactions.- A. introduction- B. conclusion- C. exclusion- 答案:A2. 语法填空(共10分)- 根据句子结构,填写正确的语法形式。
专四语法真题答案及解析
专四语法真题答案及解析专四语法部分一直是考生备考的难点,许多考生对于语法规则和解题技巧掌握不够。
下面将结合专四语法真题,给大家提供一些答案及解析,希望对大家备考专四语法有所帮助。
一、选择题部分1. He is competent in a variety of fields and _____ anyone I know.A. is experienced thanB. is more experienced asC. has more experience thanD. has been more experienced than答案:C解析:本题考查比较级的运用。
comparative sentence比较级句中要使用more与比较级连用,故排除A和D。
as不可与比较级连用,故排除B。
因此,答案为C。
2. The fact that she has managed to succeed _____ her poor background is really impressive.A. in front ofB. regardless ofC. in terms ofD. by means of答案:B解析:本题考查介词的用法。
根据句意,选B。
in front of表示在...面前;regardless of意为不顾,无论;in terms of表示根据,依据;by means of表示通过,借助。
3. Beauty ____ only skin-deep.A. isB. areC. amD. be答案:A解析:本题考查主谓一致。
根据句意,beauty是单数名词,所以谓语动词要用单数形式,故选A。
二、填空题部分1. He has been working for this company _____ four yearsand I think he deserves a promotion.答案:for解析:本题考查介词的用法。
专四选择题真题答案及解析
专四选择题真题答案及解析近年来,我国高等教育竞争日益激烈,很多学生为了增加就业竞争力和提升自己的学历水平,纷纷报考专业四级考试(简称专四)。
专四作为国家统一的英语水平考试,对考生的英语综合能力提出了较高要求。
在考试过程中,选择题是其中一个重要的部分。
本文将针对专四选择题进行真题解析,帮助考生更好地备考。
第一部分:听力(共15小题)在专四听力部分共有15小题。
听力是考察考生对英语听力的理解能力和语言应用能力。
以下是一道典型的专四选择题:Question1: What is the speaker mainly talking about?A. The history of the Internet.B. The development of technology.C. The impact of television on society.正确答案为B选项,即"技术的发展"。
解析如下:从听力材料可以得知,说话的人先提到了工业革命给人们带来的改变,然后讲到了现代技术对人类的影响,最后提到了电视的兴起。
根据上下文的逻辑关系,可以推断出说话的人主要是在谈论技术的发展。
第二部分:阅读(共40小题)专四阅读部分旨在考察考生的阅读理解能力和词汇运用能力。
以下是一道典型的专四阅读选择题:Question2: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT recommended to avoid air pollution?A. Using alternative transportation methods.B. Planting more trees in urban areas.C. Burning trash in an incinerator.正确答案为C选项,即"在焚烧炉中燃烧垃圾"。
解析如下:从文章中可以得知,作者在谈到减少空气污染的方法时提到了使用替代交通方式、在城市地区种植更多的树木,并且对焚烧炉中燃烧垃圾表示否认。
2023年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题及解析
英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题参照答案与解析11.Ho.ca..concentrat.i.yo.________.continuall._____.m.wit.sill. questions?A.have.interruptedB.are.interruptedC.had.interruptingD.were.interrupting选A。
虽然我觉得更应当说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。
不过这里用目前完毕时表达旳是一种动作发生过成为过去经历, 有也许多次发生, 也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不停反复到目前。
12.Amon.th.fou.sentence.below.Sentenc.__.expresse.th.highes.d egre.o.possibility?A.I.ma.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.B.I.migh.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.C.I.coul.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.D.I.shoul.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.选D。
四个里把握度最高旳是should, 另一方面是may, 最终是might和could。
13.Sh.i..bette.speake.tha.____.i.th.class.A.an.boyB.th.othe.boysC.othe.an.girlD.al.th.girls选A。
主语是she, 女旳, 因此不能选B。
C旳对旳说法是any other girl。
14.Nobod.hear.hi.sing.______?A.di.oneB.di.heC.didn’.theyD.di.they选B。
(完整版)专四真题及答案详解
专四真题及答案PARTⅠ DICTIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. Which of the following is NOT needed for the Lost Property Form?B.NationalityC. AddressD.Phone number2.From the conversation we know that Mark Adams comes fromA.EssexB.EdinburghC.LondonD.The US.3.What will Mark Adams do the day after tomorrow?A.To come to the office againB.To wait for the phone callC.To call the officeD.To write to the officeQuestions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4.Members of the club are required toA.register when they arrive.B.bring up to three guests.C.register their guests.D.show membership cards on arrival.5.Which of the following details about the changing rooms is NOT correct?A.There is a change for the use of the lockerB.Showers are installed in the changing rooms.C.Lockers are located in the changing roomsD.Lockers are used to store personal belongings.6.According to the club’s rules, members can playA.for 30minutes only.B.for one hour only.C.within the booked time only.D.longer than the booked time.7.Which of the following details is NOT correct?A.Players can eat in the club room.B.Players have to leave the club by ten o’clock.C.The courts are closed earlier than the club room.D.Players can use both the club room and the courts.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.8.At the university Mr. Robinson specialized inA.mathsB.physicsC.water managementD.geography9.Mr. Robinson worked for the Indian Government because ofA.university links.ernment agreements.pany projects.D.degree reuirements.10.After Mr. Robinson returned from India, heA.changed jobs several times.B.went to live in Manchester.C.did similar work as in India.D.became head of a research team.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and thenanswer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. ,4t the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11.According to the talk, the owner of a bike has toA.register his bike immediatelyB.put his bike on a list at onceC.have it stamped with a numberD.report to the police station12.The speaker in the talk recommendsA.two locks for all expensive bikes.B.a good lock for an expensive bike.C.cheap locks for cheap bikes.D.good locks for cheap bikes.13.What is the main idea of the talk?A.How to have the bike stamped.B.How to protect your bike.C.How to buy good locks.D.How to report your lost bike to the police.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14.Which course(s) runs or run for one hour each time?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All of the three courses.15.Which course(s) does or do NOT require enrolment beforehand?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All of the three courses.16.Which course(s) is(are) designed especially for students of economics and social sciences?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All if the three courses.17.Which course(s) is(are) the shortest?A.Conversation class.B.Writing skills classC.Examination Skills class.D.All language courses.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18.How old was Leonardo da Vinci when he moved to Milan?A.25.B.30.C.35.D.40.19.Throughout his life, Leonardo da Vinci worked as all the following EXCEPTA.a painterB.an engineerC.an architectD.a builder20.Where did Leonardo da Vinci die?A.In FranceB.In MilanC.In FlorenceD.In TuscanySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 to 22are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.21.Who had to leave the Gaza Strip and the West Bank?A.The Israeli army.B.The Jewish settlers.C.The Palestinians.D.The Israeli Prime Minister.22.How many settlements would have to be removed altogrther in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank?A.2B.4C.21D.25Questions 23 to 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.23. Which of the following in NOT mentioned in the news?A.The agreement has to be approved by Romania.B.The agreement has to be approved by Bulgaria.C.The agreement has to be approved by some EU states.D.The agreement has to be approved by all the EU states.24.Romania and Bulgaria can not join the EU in 2007 unless they carry out reforms in the following areas EXCEPTA.manufacturing.B.border control.C.adminstration.D.justice.Questions 25 to 26are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.25.What is the theme of the forum?A.Business leadership.B.Global business community.C.Economic prospects in China.D.Business and government in China.26.According to the news, the first forum was heldA.10 years ago.B.3 years ago.C.in 1999.D.in 2001.Questions 27to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.27.About ______of the 15000 visitors on the opening day of HongKong Disneyland camefrom the mainland.A.4000B.5000C.6000D. 700028.According to the news, residents in ______showed least interest in visiting the theme park.A.BeijingB.GuangzhouC.ShanghaiD.HongKongQuestions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.29.What is the news mainly about?A.Religious violence.B.Refugee issues.C.A ferry disaster.D.A rescue operation30.The ferry boat was designed to carry______passengers.A.198B.200C.290D.500PART III CLOSE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.Until I took Dr Offutt’s class in DeMatha High school , I was an underachieving student,but I left that class (31)_______never to underachieve again.He not only Taught me to think,he convinced me,(32)________by example as words that it was my moral (33)_______to do so and to serve others.(34)_____of us could know how our relationship would(35)_______over the years .When I came back to DeMatha to teach English, I worked for Dr Offutt,the department chair.My discussions with him were like graduate seminars in adolescent(36)______,classroom management and school leadership.After several years,I was (37) _______department chair,and our relationship (38)________ again. I thought that it might be (39)______chairing the department ,since all of my (40)______English teachers were(41)_______there,but Dr. Offutt supported me(42)_______.He knew when to give me advice(43)_______curriculum,texts personnel ,and when to let me (44)______my own course.In 1997,I needed his (45)______about leaving DeMatha to become principal at another school.(46)_______he had asked me to stay at DeMatha,I might have .(47)_______,he encouraged me to seize the opportunity.Five years ago ,I became the principal of DeMatha.(48)________,Dr Offutt was there for me,letting me know that I could (49)_______him. I have learned from him that great teachers have an inexhaustible(50)________of lessons to teach.31. A.concerned B.worried C.determined D.decided32. A. as much B. much as C. as such D. such as33.A. work B. job C. duty D.obligation34.A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. Each35. A. evolve B. stay C. remain D. turn36.A.process B.procedure C.development D.movement37.A.called d C.asked D.invited38.A. moved B. altered C. went D. shifted39.A.awkward B.uneasy C.unnatural D.insensitive40.A. older B.experienced C.former D. /41. A. / B.still C.even D.already42. A.through B.throughout C.at the beginning D.all the way43. A.for B.at C.over D.about44. A.chart B.head C.describe D.manage45.A.opinion B.request C.permission D.order46.A.Even if B.Although C.If D.When47.A.Naturally B.Instead C.Consequently D.Still48.A.Once again B.Repeatedly C.Unusally D.Unexpectedly49.A.count in B.count down C.count out D.count on50.A.stock B.bank C.wealth D.storePART IV GRAMMER &VOCABULARY [15MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.51. There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it .A.thanB.likeC.asD.so52.All the President’s Men ______one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.is remaining53.“You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A.had receivedB.receivedC.should receiveD.were receiving55.Linda was _____the experiment a month ago,but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to startB.to have startedC.to be startingD.to have been starting56.She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB.had beenC.could beD.must have been57.It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.A.thatB.asC.soD.very58.The comminttee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.A.ariseB.will ariseC.aroseD.have arisen59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible to comprehend.A.had foundB.findsC.has foundD.would find60.He would have finished his college education,but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family.A.had hadB.hasC.hadD.would have61.The research requires more money than ________.A.have been put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.to be put in62.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than enviromental destruction.A.no moreB.not moreC.even moreD.much more63.It is not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the old and the young.A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be64.________at in his way,the situation does not seem so desperate.A.LookingB.lookedC.Being lookedD.to look65.It is absolutely essential that William________his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A.will continueB.continuedC.continueD.continues66.The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a_______forgery.A.man-madeB.naturalC.crudeD.real67.She’s always been kind to me –I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help.A.my backB.my headC.my eyeD.shoulder68.The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members.A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveprehensive69.The tutition fees are ______to students coming from low-income families.A.approachableB.payableC.reachableD.affordable70.The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______of the earthquake.A.consequenceB.aftermathC.resultsD.effect71.This sort of rude behaviour in public hardly ______a person in your position.A.becomesB.fitsC. supportsD.improves72.I must leave now._______,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.A.AccidentallyB.IncidentallyC.EventuallyD.Naturally73.After a long delay,she ______replying to my e-mail.A.got away withB.got back atC.got byD.got round to74.Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people;they are________available these days.A.promptlyB.instantlyC.readilyD.quickly75.In my first year at the university I learnt the _______of journalism.A.basicsB.basicC.elementaryD.elements76.According to the new tax law,any money earned over that level is taxed at the ______of 59 percentA.ratioB.percentageC.proportionD.rate77.Thousands of _______at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance.A.audienceB.participantsC.spectatorsD.observers78.We stood still ,gazing out over the limitless ______of the dessert.A.spaceB.expanseC.stretchnd79.Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with.A.smellB.hearC.senseD.tough80.Mary sat at the table, looked at the plate and ______her lips.A.smackedB.openedC.partedD.seperated PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT AIf you like the idea of staying with with a family,living in house might be the answer.Good landladies---those who are superb cooks and launderers,are figures as popular in fiction as the bad ones who terrorize their guests and overcharge them at the slightest opportunity.The truth is probably somewhere between the two extremes.If you are lucky,the food will be adequate, some of your laundry may be done for you and you will have a reasonable amount of comfort and companionship .For the less fortunate ,house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends to vistit,and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy and untidy guests are living under the same roof.The same disadvantages can apply to flat sharing,with the added difficulties that arise from deciding who pays for what,and in what proportion.One person may spend hours on the phone,while another rarely makes calls. If you want privacy with a guest , how do you persuade the others to go out; how do you persuade them to leave you in peace,especially if you are student and want to study?Conversely,flat sharing can be cheap,there will always be someone to talk to and go out with,and the chores,in theory,can be shared.81.According to the passage ,landladies are ________ually strict.B.always mean.C.adequately competent.D.very popular with their guests.82.What is the additional disadvantage of flat sharing ?A.Problems of sharing and paying.B.Differences in living habits.C.Shared cooking and bathroom facilities.D.Restriction to invite friends to visit.83.What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of flat sharing?A.Rent is affordableB.There is companionship.C.Housework can be shared.D.There is peace and quiet.TEXT B(1) Travelling through the country a couple of weeks ago on business,I waslistening to the talk of the late UK writer Douglas Adams’ masterwork “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” on the radio and thought-I know,I’ll pick up the next hitchhikers I see and ask them what the state of real hitching is today in Britain.(2)I drove and drove on main roads and side roads for the next few days and never saw a single one.(3)When I was in my teens and 20s ,hitchhiking was a main form of long-distance transport.The kindness or curiosity of strangers took me all over Europe,North America,Asia and southern Africa,Some of the lift-givers became friends ,many provided hospitality on the road.(4)Not only did you find out much more about a country than when traveling by train or plane ,but there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night.Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture.It has books and songs about it .So what has happened to it?(5)A few years ago ,I asked the same question about hitching in a column ofa newspaper.Hundreds of people from all over the world responded with their view on the state of hitchhiking .(6)Rural Ireland was recommended as a friendly place for hitching,as was Quebec,Canada-“if you don’t mind being criticized for not speaking French”.(7)But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in some places ,the general feeling was that throughtout much of the west it was doomed.(8)With so much news about crime in the media,people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger.But do we need to be so wary both to hitch and to give a lift?(9)In Poland in the 1960s,according to a Polish woman who e-mail me ,"the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker’s Booklet.The booklet contained coupons for drivers,so each time a driver picked somebody ,he or she received a coupon.At the end of the season,drivers who had picked up the most hikers were rewarded with various prizes.Everyone was hitchhiking then”.(10)Surely this is a good idea for society.Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down barriers between strangers.It would help fight global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels.It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant lessons in geography ,history,politics and sociology.(11)A century before Douglas Adams wrote his “Hitchhiker’s Guide”,another adventure story writer,Robert Louis Stevenson, gave us that what should be the hitchhiker’s motto:"To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive.” What better time than putting a holiday weekend into practice. Either put it to the test yourself, or help out someone who is trying to travel hopefully with thumb outstretched.84. In which paragraph(s) does the writer comment on his experience of hitchhiking?A. (3)B. (4)C. (3) and (4)D. (4) and (5)85. What is the current situation of hitchhiking?A. It is popular in some parts of the world.B. It is popular throughout the west.C. It is popular only in the North Amercia.D.It’s still popular in Poland.86. What is the writer’s attitude towards the practice in Poland?A. Critical.B. Unclear.C. Somewhat favourable.D. Strongly favourable.87. The writer has mentioned all the following benefits of hitchhiking EXCEPTA. promoting mutual respect between strangers.B. increasing one’s confidence in strangers.C. protecting enviroment.D. enriching one’s knowledge.88."Either put it to the test yourself…”in Paragraph (11) meansA. to experience the hopefulness.B. to read Adams’ book.C. to offer someone a lift.D.to be a hitchhiker.TEXT CI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the realiry I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.”She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the fewwords I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in the marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colours. The woman in the maketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.89.According to the writer, the woman in the marketplaceA refused to speak to her.B was pleasant and attractive.C was selling skirts ribbons.D recognized her immediately.90. Which of the following in NOT corret?A. The writer was not used to bargaining.B. People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C. Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.91. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because the womanA. thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.D. was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.92. Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.She was fed up with further bargainning with the woman.93.When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not becauseA. she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B. she was afraid of crying in public.C.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D. she had to show in public that she was strong.94. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?A.she suddently felt very sad.B.she liked the ribbons so much.C.she was overcome by emotion.D.she felt sorry for the woman.TEXT DThe kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, on my way to work these mornings.They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape.These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be “self care”.Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year.In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out.“We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and the realisties of family life,”says Dr. Ernest Boyer ,head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable."School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been.”His is not popular idea. Schools are routinely burdened with the job of solving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our work and family lives?It may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the complaints and studies about our kids’ lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesn’t produce a well-educated。
2023年新版英语专四单选及答案详解
2023年51. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish ____ proposals in the near future.A. theirB. ourC. hisD. its答案:D. 考察物主代词。
逗号与逗号之间旳是作为插入语,是association旳定语从句,在此association作为一种整体概念出现,且其定语从句中也是用单数谓语动词has pressed,背面对应旳物主代词也应当是单数概念旳,故选D。
句意:我们旳协会一直在敦促给残疾人更多旳就业机会,并且讲在近来公布提议书。
publish公布,proposal提议;提议,press for敦促;迫切规定。
52. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get答案:D.考察虚拟语气(错综时间虚拟语气)。
从句部分是对过去旳虚拟,省略了if,因此出现倒装,但主句部分出现了明显旳时间标志词now,可见是对目前旳虚拟,故应当是would/could/should/might do旳形式,而get为瞬间动词,不用进行时,故选D。
句意:假如朱迪数学考试时更认真某些,她目前成绩就会好多了。
53. Nine is to three _____ three is to one.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what答案:D。
这是专四考试频考知识点了:A is to B what C is to D,由what引导旳方式状语从句。
英语专四语言知识考试题及答案
英语专四语言知识考试题及答案1. __B__ racial problems have not been solved and full equality has not been attained yet, progress in these directions has been quite remarkable. A. Since B. Although C. Now that D. Before1. B)【句意】虽然种族问题还没有得到彻底解决,完全的平等还没有得到实现,但这些方面所取得的进步是值得称道的。
【难点】although意为“尽管,虽然”,引导让步状语从句;since 意为“因为;既然”;now that意为“现在已经…;既然已…”;before long意为“不久”,不是连词,不能带从句。
2. __C__ they are alarmed at the interference with the natural balance of the environment, and its possible consequences.A. All in allB. After allC. Above allD. In all2. C)【句意】更重要的是,他们对人们干扰生态平衡的行为以及可能产生的后果表示震惊。
【难点】above all 意为“更重要的是,尤其”;all in all 意为“总而言之,总的说来”;after all意为“毕竟,终究”; in all 意为“全部,总共,总计”。
3. Rumor __A__it that the man has been nominated many times for the Nobel Prize. A. has B. spreads C. carries D. learns3. A)【句意】传说那个人多次得到诺贝尔奖提名。
【难点】rumor has it that …是一个固定句式,意为“传言…,传说…”,其中it为无人称代词。
2023年英语专四真题及答案解析
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2023)PART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A CONVERSATIONSQuestions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. According to the conversation, an example of “Christmas trimmings” could beA. presents.B. fruitsC. sauceD. meat2. A Christmas lunch would include all the following EXCECTA. roast turkeyB. sweet potatoesC. meatD. carrots3. Why did Helen come to Rob’s house?A. She wanted to talk to Bob.B. She had come to help Bob.C. She had been invited to lunch.D. She was interested in cooking.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.4. Why did the woman phone the club?A. She wanted to know more about it.B. She was a new comer and felt lonely.C. She wanted to learn a new language.D. She was interested in social activities.5. We learn from the conversation that the clubA. mainly organize language activities.B. accepts members from local students.C. has been set up for a long time.D. is increasing its membership.6. According to the conversation, the woman might come to practice German onA. Wednesday.B. Tuesday.C. Monday.D. Friday.7. What is the man going to do after the conversation?A. Call up the woman for her address.B. Wait for the woman to call him again.C. Mail the woman some information.D. Wait for the woman to pick up a form.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.8. According to the woman, what actually makes her job difficult?A. Difficult questions from interviewees.B. Embarrassing requests from interviewees.C. Lack of professional background.D. Lack of interviewing skills.9. The woman uses all the following adjectives when talking about attending job fairs EXCEPTA. prospective.B. useful.C. important.D. tiring.10. We learn from the conversation that the womanA. works better at job fairs.B. prefers honest people.C. often works on her own.D. is experienced in her work.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.11. According to today’s weather forecast, which part of Europe has dry weather?A. Scandinavian mountain.B. Northwestern Europe.C. Northern Europe.D. Southern Europe.12. In which part of Europe does the weather stay both fine and cool?A. Southern Europe.B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D.Northwestern Europe.13. In which region will the weather change tomorrow?A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C. Central parts of the Mediterranean.D. Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 2014. According to the passage, what benefit can technology bring to people?A. Closer contact with modern devices.B. Greater changes in social organization.C. Better understanding of mass media.D. More useful information to better their life.15. The speaker questions about everybody’s access to technological advances. The main reason isA. illiteracy.B. poverty.C. food shortage.D. ignorance.16. According to the UN plan, all the following will be achieved within ten years EXCEPTA. giving everyone a radio or TV.B. starting to carry out the scheme in ten years.C. offering internet service to more people.D. providing more job opportunities.17. What could be topic of the passage?A. Growth in telecommunications.B. Technology and the developing world.C. Education and medical care.D. Building an information society.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.18. People in Latin America wear something ______ to express their hopes for wealth in the New Year.A. newB. redC. whiteD. yellow19. Which of the following New Year’s traditions signals friendship?A. Throwing old dishes.B. Wearing something red.C. Wearing something white.D. Eating round fruits.20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one’s own New Year’s tradition?A. Watching TV at home.B. Going to bed early.C. Visiting friends.D. Running and shouting outside.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.21. What is happening to the schools in Fairfax County this school year?A. 15 schools have started social studies.B. 15 schools have used digital textbooks.C. Students are ready to use electronic resources.D. Digital textbooks are used for social studies.22. With digital textbooks, schools have saved about ______ million dollars.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4Questions 23 to 24 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.23. Who found the suspicious item at the airport?A. TSA agents.B. FBI agents.C. The police.D. Passengers.24. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?A. The terminal was closed temporarily afterwards.B. There was a thorough search inside the airport.C. Passengers at the airport were safe and sound.D. The security authorities identified the explosives.Questions 25 to 26 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.25. According to the news item, doctors use art therapy to treat the following problems EXCEPTA. alcohol abuse.B. smoking.C. depression.D. schizophrenia.26. Why did doctors introduce art therapy in the first place?A. To prevent patients from smoking.B. To better understand patients.C. To get patients occupied.D. To teach patients some skills.Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.27. What is the main purpose of the new rules?A. To reduce the number of pilots on duty.B. To prevent pilots from working overtime.C. To ensure an adequate amount of sleep.D. To fix the amount of work for each pilot.28. The Independent Pilots Association was unhappy about the new rules because theyA. had only covered cargo plane pilots.B. had failed to cover all the pilots.C. would be put into effect in two years.D. would be too costly if implemented.Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.29. Why is increase in livestock production necessary?A. Because livestock production is highly efficient.B. Because more people will become wealthier.C. Because it may help double food production.D. Because it has fewer ecological risks.30. What does the word “challenge” mean in the news item?A. Balance between human survival and ecology.B. Conflict between less land and more production.C. Difference between present and future needs.D. Calls by environmental critics to consume less meat.PART 3 CLOZE 15 MINEveryone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state:without it,it(31)____ _not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us;(32)_____the workers in government offices who(33)_____our health,our food,our water,and all the other things th at we cannot do for ourselves.(34)_____taxation,we pay for things that we need just(35)_ ____we need somewhere to live and something to eat.But(36)_____everyone knows that taxation is necessary,different people have different ideas about(37)____taxation should be arranged.In most countries,a direct tax on(38)_____,which is called income tax,(39)_____.It is arranged in such(40)______that the poorest people pay nothing,and the percentage of tax gro ws(41)____as the taxpayer's income grows.In some countries,for example,the tax on the r ichest people(42)______as high as ninety-five per cent!(43)_____countries with taxation nearly(44)_____have indirect taxation too.Many things imported into the country have to p ay taxes or“duties.”Of course,it is the men and women who buy these imported things in th e shops(45)______really have to pay the duties,in the(46)______of higher prices.In some countries,(47)_____,there is a tax on things sold in the shops.If the most necessary things a re taxed,a lot of money is(48)____but the poor people suffer most.If unnecessary things (49)___jewels and fur coats are taxed,less money is obtained but the tax is(50) ______a s the rich pay it.Probably this last kind of indirect tax,together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for t he poor and high for the rich,is the best arrangement.31. A. can B. may C. could D. would32. A. nor B. neither C. never D. not33.A. look into B. look over C. look over D. look through34.A. In accordance with B. By means of C. With reference to D. On account of 35. A. as well as B. as good as C. as such as D. as much as36. A. if B. when C. though D. as37. A. when B. how C. why D. which38. A. personst B. sectors C. communities D. classes39.A. remains B. stays C. exists D. happens40.A. form B. way C. measure D. method41. A. quicker B. speedier C. more D. larger42. A. grows up B. increases up C. goes up D. lifts up43. A. But B. Consequently C. Similarly D. And44.A. periodically B. almost C. often D. always45. A. which B. who C. what D. whom46. A. manner B. form C. means D. way47.A. either B. also C. too D. often48. A. lent B. saved C. borrowed D. collected49. A. alike B. like C. as D. for50.A. heavier B. fairer C. finer D. betterPART4GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY15MINThere are thirty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or p hrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51.Facing the board of directors,he didn‟t deny________breaking the agreement.A.himB.itC.hisD.its52.Xinchun returned from aboard a different man.The italicized part functions as a(n)____ __.A.appositive(同位语)B.objectC.adverbialplement.53.Which of the following is a compound word(复合词)? ______.A.Nonsmoker.B.Deadline.C.Meanness.D.Misfit.54.Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? ______.A.Lucy insisted that her son get home before5o’clock?B.She used to drive to work,but now she takes the city metro.C.Walk straight ahead,and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D.Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.55.The following determiners(限定词)can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT______.A.moreB.enough.C.many.D.such.56.Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?______.A.She opened the door and quietly went in.B.Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports.C.Think it over again and you‟ll get an answer.D.He is somewhat arrogant,and I don't like this.57.Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute(名词替代词)? ______.A.Much.B.Neither.C.One.D.Quarter.58.All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPT______.A.Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B.The President is coming to the UN next week.C.The school pupils will be home by now.D.He is going to email me the necessary information.59.Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?______.A.Politics are the art or science of government.B.Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.C.Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.D.All the furniture has arrived undamaged.60.Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship? ______.A.The arrival of the touristsB.The law of NewtonC.The occupation of the islandD.The plays of Oscar Wilde61.Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? ______.A.He is not the man to draw back.B.Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie.rry has a large family to support.D.There is really nothing to fear.62.Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence? ______.A.Let me drive you home,shall I?B.You will mind your own business!e and have dinner with us.D.I wish you could stay behind.‘63.If it______tomorrow,the match would be put off.A.were to rainB.was to rainC.was rainingD.had rained64.Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?______.A.Mary and her son must be home by now.B.Careless reading must give poor results.C.It‟s getting late,and I must leave now.D.He must be working late at the office.65.The following are all dynamic verbs(动态动词)EXCEPT______.A.remain.B.turn.C.write.D.knock.66.____to school life was less difficult than the pupil had expected.A.AdheringB.AdoptingC.AdjustingD.Acquainting67.He is fed up with the same old dreary routine,and wants to quit his job.The underlined p art means_________.A.dullB.boringC.longD.hard68.At last night‟s party Larry said something that I though was beyond me.The underlined p art means________.A.I was unable to do C.I was unable to stopB.I couldn’t understand D.I couldn’t tolerate69.The couple______their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A.did forB.did inC.did withD.did up70.Sally contributed a lot to the project,but she never once accepted all the____for herself.A.creditB.attentionC.focusD.award71.The child nodded,apparently content with his mother‟s promise.The underlined part me ans_________.A.as far as one has learntB.as far as one is concernedC.as far as one can seeD.as far as one is told72.The________that sport builds character is well accepted by people nowadays.A.issueB.argumentC.pointD.sentence73.Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takes infinite care over her work.The underlined part means________.A.limitedB.unnecessaryC.overdueD.much74.The new measure will reduce the chance of serious injury in the event of an accident.The underlined part means_________.A.if an accident happensB.if an accident can be preventedC.before an accidentD.during an accident75.Traditionally,local midwives would________all the babies in the area.A.handleB.produceC.deliverD.help76.No food or drink is allowed on the premises.The underlined part means________A.prop osition B.advertisement C.building D.street77.The court would not accept his appeal unless________evidence is provided.A.conclusiveB.definiteC.eventualD.concluding78.As soon as he opened the door,a________of cold air swept through the house.A.flowB.movementC.rushD.blast79.She really wanted to say something at the meeting,but eventually________from it.A.preventedB.refrainedC.limitedD.restricted80.The couple told the decorator that they wanted their bedroom gaily painted.The underlin ed part means_________.A.brightlyB.light-heartedlyC.cheerfullyD.lightlyPART V READING COMPREHENSION25MINIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements,eac h with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AThe art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over2,000years ago.Now,twitter,instan t messaging,e-mail,blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication - but non e can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions:persuading or inspiring,informing,payi ng tribute,entertaining,or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something. Over the past year,the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what wa s certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view.When the leaders m et inCopenhagen in December2023,persuasive words from activists encouraged them to com mit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions.They focus on topics and matters that are close to people's hearts.During wars,generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us.The informatio n must be clear,accurate,and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way.(流行病)announced,the idea of“swine flu”many rmative speeches from World Health Or ganization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensibl e precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved on e and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting.Madonna's speech about Michael Jackson,after his death,highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his musi c.It's not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role.It can also be sur prisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you‟re taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your a rgument.In sports,athletes know the importance of a pep talk(鼓舞士气旳发言)before a match to inspire teammates.You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level,a friend may be upset and need comforting.Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding,where your language will b e needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we're born with.Even Barack Obama works hard to p erfect every speech.For a brilliant speech,there are rules that you can put to good use.To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.81.The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because______.A.it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.B.it has a big role to play in the entertainment business.C.it plays important roles in human communication.D.it is of great use in everyday-life context.82.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking? __ ___A.Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problems.B.Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemics.C.The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers'speeches.D.Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.83.Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPT______.A.to convince people in a debate.B.to inform people at a presentation.C.to advise people at work.D.to entertain people at a wedding.84.According to the passage,which of the following best explains the author's view on____ __ “great speaking ability”?A.It comes from observing rules.B.It can be perfected with easy effort.C.It can be acquired from birth.D.It comes from learning and practice.85.What is the main idea of the passage?______.A.Public speaking in international forums.B.The many uses of public speaking.C.Public speaking in daily life context.D.The rules of public speaking.TEXT BEvery business needs two things,says Skullcandy CEO Rick Alden:inspiration and desperat ion.In2023,Alden had both.He'd sold two snowboarding businesses,and he was desperatel y bored.But he had an idea:He wanted to make a new kind of headphone.“I kept seeing pe ople missing their cell phone calls because they were listening to music,”he explains.Then I' m in a chairlift,I've got my headphones on,and I realize my phone is ringing.As1take my g loves off and reach for my phone,I think,“It can't be that tough to make headphones with tw o plugs,one for music and one for your cell phone.”Alden described what he wanted to a des igner,perfected a prototype,and outsourced(外包)manufacturing overseas.Alden then started designing headphones into helmets,backpacks - anywhere that would mak e it easy to listen to music while snowboarding.“Selling into board and skate shops wasn't a big research effort,”he explains.“Those were the only guys I knew!”Alden didn‟t want to b e a manufacturer.And by outsourcing,he'd hoped he could get the business off the ground without debt.But he was wrong.So he asked his wife,“Can I put a(抵押贷款)on the house?She said,…What is the worst thing that can happen?We lose the house,w e sell our cars,and we start all over again.‟I definitely married the right woman!”For the next two years,Alden juggled mortgage payments and payments to his manufacturers .“Factories won't ship your product till they get paid,”he says.“But it takes four or five mon ths to get a mortgage company so upset that they knock on your door.So we paid the factory first.”Gradually,non-snowboarders began to notice the colorful headphones.In2023,the company started selling them in1,400FYE(For Your Entertainment)stores.“We knew that nine out of ten people walking into that store would be learning about Skullcandy for the first time.Why would they look at brands they knew and take home a new brand instead?We had agreed to buy back anything we didn’t sell,but we were dealing with huge numbers.It’d kill us to take back all the productsAlden‟s fears faded as Skullcandy became the No.1headphone seller in those stores and tri pled its revenue to$120million in one year.His key insight was that headphones weren’t ga dgets;they were a fashion accessory.“In the beginning,”he says,“that little white wire that s aid you had an iPod ---that was cool.But now wearing the white bud means you’re just like everyone else.Headphones occupy this critical piece of cranial real estate and are highly visi ble.”Today,Skullcandy is America's second-largest headphone supplier,after Sony.With79emplo yees,the company is bigger than Alden ever imagined.86.Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone because he______.A.was no longer in snowboarding business.B.had no other business opportunities.C.was very fond of modern music.D.saw an inconvenience among mobile users.87.The new headphone was originally designed for______.A.snowboarders.B.motorcyclists.C.mountain hikers.D.marathon runners.88.Did Alden solve the money problem?______.A.He sold his house and his cars.B.Factories could ship products before being paid.C.He borrowed money from a mortgage company.D.He borrowed money from his wife's family.89.What did Alden do to promote sales in FYE stores?______.A.He spent more money on product advertising.B.He promised to buy back products not sold.C.He agreed to sell products at a discount.D.He improved the colour design of the product.90.Alden sees headphones as______.A.a sign of self-confidence.B.a symbol of status.C.part of fashion.D.a kind of device.TEXT CI was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my friend Taj called.“Sit down,”she said.I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the haircut from h ell.I laughed and said,“It can't be that bad.”But it was.Before the phone call,I had30years of retirement saving in a“safe”fund with a brilliant financial guru(金融大亨).When I put down the phone,my savings were gone.I felt as if I had died and,for some unknown reason,was still breathing.Since Bernie Madoff‟s arrest on charges of running a$65million Ponzi scheme,I'veread many articles about how we investors should have known what was going on.I wish I c ould say I had reservations about Madoff before“the Call”,but I did not.On New Year's Eve,three weeks after we lost our savings,six of us Madoff people gathered at Taj's house for dinner.As we were sitting around the table,someone asked,“If you could h ave your money back right now,but it would mean giving up what you have learned by losin g it,would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you?”My husband was still in financial shock.He said,“I just want the money back.”I wasn't cert ain where I stood.I knew that losing our money had cracked me wide open.I’d been walking around like what the Buddhists call a hungry ghost:always focused on the bite that was yet t o come,not the one in my mouth.No matter how much I ate or had or experienced,it didn’t satisfy me,because I wasn’t really taking it in,wasn't absorbing it.Now I was forced to payattention.Still,I couldn't honestly say that if someone had offered me the money back,I wou ld turn it down.But the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable,and they didn’t think it would have become apparent without the ground of financial stability bei ngripped out from underneath them.My friend Michael said,I’d started to get complacent.It’s as if the muscles of my heart starte d to atroph(萎缩).Now they‟re awake,alive—and I don‟t want to go back.”These weren’t just empty words.Michael and his wife needed to take in boarders to meet their expenses.Taj was so broke that she was moving into someone’s garage apartment in three weeks.Three fri ends had declared bankruptcy and weren't sure where or how they were going to live.91.What did the author learn from Taj‟s call?A.had got an awful haircut.B.They had lost their retirement savings.C.Taj had just retired from work.D.They were going to meet for lunch.92.How did the author feel in the following weeks?A.Angry.B.Disappointed.C.Indifferent.D.Desperate.93.According to the passage,to which was she“forced to pay attention”?A.Her friends.B.Her husband.C.Her lost savings.D.Her experience.94.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about her friends?A.Her friends valued their experience more.B.Her friends felt the same as she did.C.Her friends were in a better financial situation.D Her friends were more optimistic than she.95.What is the message of the passage?A.Desire for money is human nature.B.One has to be decisive during crises.C.Understanding gained is more important than money lost.D.It is natural to see varied responses to financial crises.TEXT DIn the19th century,there used to be a model of how to be a good person.There are all these to rrents of passion flowing through you.Your job,as captain of your soul,is to erect dams to k eep these passions in check.Your job is to just say no to laziness,lust,greed,drug use and th e other sins.These days that model is out of fashion.You usually can’t change your behaviour by simply resolving to do something.Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it.Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence.It's more like a。
专业四级英语试题及答案
专业四级英语试题及答案一、听力理解(共20分)1. 根据所听对话或短文,选择正确答案。
A. 选项AB. 选项BC. 选项CD. 选项D[样例题目]根据对话内容,下列哪项是正确的?A. 他们计划去看电影。
B. 他们决定去图书馆。
C. 他们正在讨论作业。
D. 他们打算去公园。
[样例答案]B2. 根据所听短文,完成下列信息填空。
[样例题目]根据短文内容,填写以下信息:- 短文中提到的主要人物是________。
- 事件发生的时间是________。
[样例答案]- 主要人物:John Smith- 事件发生时间:2023年3月15日二、阅读理解(共30分)1. 阅读下列短文,回答后面的问题。
[短文内容][此处为短文正文][样例问题]根据短文内容,以下哪项是正确的?A. 选项AB. 选项BC. 选项CD. 选项D[样例答案]C2. 阅读下列短文,选择最佳标题。
A. 选项AB. 选项BC. 选项CD. 选项D[样例答案]B三、词汇与语法(共20分)1. 选择适当的单词或短语填空。
[样例题目]In the _______ of the meeting, he made an important announcement.A. presenceB. absenceC. silenceD. chaos[样例答案]A2. 根据句子结构,选择正确的语法形式。
[样例题目]If she _______ earlier, she would have caught the train.A. leavesB. leftC. is leavingD. had left[样例答案]D四、完形填空(共15分)[样例题目]阅读下面的短文,从所给选项中选择最佳答案填空。
[此处为短文正文][样例选项]A. 选项AB. 选项BC. 选项CD. 选项D[样例答案]1. B2. A3. D...10. C五、翻译(共15分)1. 将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。
英语专四试题及答案解析
英语专四试题及答案解析一、听力理解(共20分)1. A) 短对话理解根据所听对话内容,选择正确答案。
(1) What is the man going to do this afternoon?A. Go to the library.B. Attend a meeting.C. Go to the cinema.D. Visit a friend.答案:A2. B) 长对话理解根据所听对话内容,回答下列问题。
(2) Why did the woman decide to quit her job?答案:Because she found a better job opportunity.3. C) 短文理解根据所听短文内容,选择正确答案。
(3) What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of environmental protection.B. The benefits of technology.C. The impact of globalization.D. The role of education.答案:C二、词汇与语法(共20分)4. 根据句子意思,选择正确的选项填空。
(4) The company is in the process of _______ its newproduct.A. launchingB. landingC. brandingD. founding答案:A5. 根据句子结构,选择正确的选项填空。
(5) _______ the heavy rain, the match was postponed.A. Owing toB. In spite ofC. Because ofD. As a result of答案:A三、阅读理解(共30分)6. 阅读下列短文,选择正确答案。
(6) What is the author's opinion about the new policy?A. It is beneficial.B. It is controversial.C. It is ineffective.D. It is unnecessary.答案:B7. 阅读下列短文,回答问题。
专四真题及标准答案解析(高清详细版)
PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导:由题目可以判定,文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开,第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色,而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。
2023年英语专业四级考试真题
2023年英语专业四级考试真题2023 English Major TEM-4 ExamPart I. Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 15 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on the screen, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. She already has enough paper.B. She has a lot of paper to carry.C. She has no paper in her purse.D. She will buy some paper later.2. A. Go to the bookstore together.B. Study at the library.C. Share the book with the man.D. Borrow the book from the library.3. A. A man is washing his car.B. A man is reading a newspaper.C. A man is walking his dog.D. A man is fixing his bike.4. A. The man cannot believe the news.B. The man is excited about the news.C. The man is not interested in the news.D. The man is uncertain about the news.5. A. At the post office.B. At the airport.C. At the bus station.D. At the hotel.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, a summer question will be asked. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only twice. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on the screen, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.6. A. The man was in the army.B. The man was a doctor.C. The man was a teacher.D. The man was a musician.7. A. A movie ticket.B. A concert ticket.C. A theater ticket.D. A train ticketSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, a summer question will be asked. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only twice. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on the screen, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.8. What did the woman ask the man to do?A. Go to the movie with her.B. Help her with the dinner.C. Cook the dinner for her.D. Buy a ticket for her.9. What will the man do before he meets the woman?A. Take a shower.B. Change his clothes.C. Make a phone call.D. Meet a friend.Part II. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a Passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one suitable word for each blank from the list of choices given in your answer sheet. Fill in each blank with the word that best fits the context.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with questions or incomplete statements. For each question or statement, there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers thequestion and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your answer sheet.Section CDirections: In this section, you are going to read some short passages. In each passage, there are several blanks. Each blank indicates that something has been omitted. For each blank, four choices are given below the passage. You should choose the best answer from the four choices and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your answer sheet.Part III. Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet.Part IV. Writing (20 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write an essay on the following topic. The Effects of Social Media. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考答案参考答案Listening Comprehension1-5 CDCDA 6-9 BCDDReading Comprehension10-14 ABDCC 15-19 CBADA 20-24 DCBAC25-27 DCB28-31 DBACTranslation社交媒体的影响社交媒体在当今社会发挥着重要作用,它不仅改变了人们互动的方式,而且对人们的生活产生了深远影响。
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TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2013)PARTIDICTATION[15MIN] PleasewritethewholepassageonANSWERSHEETONE. PARTIILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION[20MIN]SECTIONACONVERSATIONSQuestions1to3arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,yo uwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.Now,listentotheconversation.1.Accordingtotheconversation,anexampleof“Christmastrimmings”couldbeA.presents.B.fruitsC.sauceD.meat2.AChristmaslunchwouldincludeallthefollowingEXCECTA.roastturkeyB.sweetpotatoesC.meatD.carrots3.WhydidHelencometoRob’shouseA.ShewantedtotalktoBob.B.ShehadcometohelpBob.C.Shehadbeeninvitedtolunch.D.Shewasinterestedincooking.Questions4to7arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversatio nyouwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.4.WhydidthewomanphonetheclubA.Shewantedtoknowmoreaboutit.B.Shewasanewcomerandfeltlonely.C.Shewantedtolearnanewlanguage.D.Shewasinterestedinsocialactivities.5.WelearnfromtheconversationthattheclubA.mainlyorganizelanguageactivities.B.acceptsmembersfromlocalstudents.C.hasbeensetupforalongtime.D.isincreasingitsmembership.6.Accordingtotheconversation,thewomanmightcometopracticeGermanonA.Wednesday.B.Tuesday.C.Monday.D.Friday.7.WhatisthemangoingtodoaftertheconversationA.Callupthewomanforheraddress.B.Waitforthewomantocallhimagain.C.Mailthewomansomeinformation.D.Waitforthewomantopickupaform.Questions8to10arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversatio8.Accordingtothewoman,whatactuallymakesherjobdifficultA.Difficultquestionsfrominterviewees.B.Embarrassingrequestsfrominterviewees.ckofprofessionalbackground.ckofinterviewingskills.9.ThewomanusesallthefollowingadjectiveswhentalkingaboutattendingjobfairsEXCEP TA.prospective.eful.C.important.D.tiring.10.WelearnfromtheconversationthatthewomanA.worksbetteratjobfairs.B.prefershonestpeople.C.oftenworksonherown.D.isexperiencedinherwork. SECTIONBPASSAGESInthissection,youwillhearseveralpassages.Listentothepassagescarefullyan dthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyouwil11.Accordingtotoday’sweatherforecast,whichpartofEuropehasdryweatherA.Scandinavianmountain.B.NorthwesternEurope.C.NorthernEurope.D.SouthernEurope.12.InwhichpartofEuropedoestheweatherstaybothfineandcoolA.SouthernEurope.B.NorthernEurope.NorthwesternEurope.13.InwhichregionwilltheweatherchangetomorrowA.NorthernpartsoftheMediterranean.B.EasternpartsoftheMediterranean.C.CentralpartsoftheMediterranean.D.SouthernpartsoftheMediterranean.Questions14to17arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyouwil lbegiven2014.Accordingtothepassage,whatbenefitcantechnologybringtopeopleA.Closercontactwithmoderndevices.B.Greaterchangesinsocialorganization.C.Betterunderstandingofmassmedia.D.Moreusefulinformationtobettertheirlife.15.Thespeakerquestionsabouteverybody’saccesstotechnologicaladvances.Themainr easonisA.illiteracy.B.poverty.C.foodshortage.D.ignorance.16.AccordingtotheUNplan,allthefollowingwillbeachievedwithintenyearsEXCEPTA.givingeveryonearadioorTV.B.startingtocarryouttheschemeintenyears.C.offeringinternetservicetomorepeople.D.providingmorejobopportunities.17.WhatcouldbetopicofthepassageA.Growthintelecommunications.B.Technologyandthedevelopingworld.cationandmedicalcare.D.Buildinganinformationsociety.Questions18to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyouwil18.PeopleinLatinAmericawearsomething______toexpresstheirhopesforwealthintheNe wYear.A.newB.redC.whiteD.yellow19.WhichofthefollowingNewYear’straditionssignalsfriendshipA.Throwingolddishes.B.Wearingsomethingred.C.Wearingsomethingwhite.D.Eatingroundfruits.20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasone’sownNewYear’straditionA.WatchingTVathome.B.Goingtobedearly.C.Visitingfriends.D.Runningandshoutingoutside. SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissection,youwillhearseveralnewsitems.Listentothepassagescarefullya ndthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions21to22arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwil lbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.21.WhatishappeningtotheschoolsinFairfaxCountythisschoolyearA.15schoolshavestartedsocialstudies.B.15schoolshaveuseddigitaltextbooks.C.Studentsarereadytouseelectronicresources.D.Digitaltextbooksareusedforsocialstudies.22.Withdigitaltextbooks,schoolshavesavedabout______milliondollars.A.1B.2C.3D.4Questions23to24arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwil23.WhofoundthesuspiciousitemattheairportA.TSAagents.B.FBIagents.C.Thepolice.D.Passengers.24.WhichofthefollowingstatementisINCORRECTA.Theterminalwasclosedtemporarilyafterwards.B.Therewasathoroughsearchinsidetheairport.C.Passengersattheairportweresafeandsound.D.Thesecurityauthoritiesidentifiedtheexplosives.Questions25to26arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwillb25.Accordingtothenewsitem,doctorsusearttherapytotreatthefollowingproblemsEXCE PTA.alcoholabuse.B.smoking.C.depression.D.schizophrenia.26.WhydiddoctorsintroducearttherapyinthefirstplaceA.Topreventpatientsfromsmoking.B.Tobetterunderstandpatients.C.Togetpatientsoccupied.D.Toteachpatientssomeskills.Questions27to28arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwillb27.WhatisthemainpurposeofthenewrulesA.Toreducethenumberofpilotsonduty.B.Topreventpilotsfromworkingovertime.C.Toensureanadequateamountofsleep.D.Tofixtheamountofworkforeachpilot.28.TheIndependentPilotsAssociationwasunhappyaboutthenewrulesbecausetheyA.hadonlycoveredcargoplanepilots.B.hadfailedtocoverallthepilots.C.wouldbeputintoeffectintwoyears.D.wouldbetoocostlyifimplemented.Questions29to30arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,youwillb29.WhyisincreaseinlivestockproductionnecessaryA.Becauselivestockproductionishighlyefficient.B.Becausemorepeoplewillbecomewealthier.C.Becauseitmayhelpdoublefoodproduction.D.Becauseithasfewerecologicalrisks.30.Whatdoestheword“challenge”meaninthenewsitemA.Balancebetweenhumansurvivalandecology.B.Conflictbetweenlesslandandmoreproduction.C.Differencebetweenpresentandfutureneeds.D.Callsbyenvironmentalcriticstoconsumelessmeat.PART3CLOZE15MIN?Everyone?knows?that?taxation?is?necessary?in?a?modern?state:?without?? it,?it?(31)?_____?not?be?possible?to?pay?the?soldiers?and?policemen?who??prot ect?us;?(32)?_____?the?workers?in?government?offices?who?(33)?_____?our?healt h,?our?food,?our?water,?and?all?the?other?things?that?we?cannot?do?for?oursel ves.?(34)?_____?taxation,?we?pay?for?things?that?we??need?just?(35)?_____?we? need?somewhere?to?live?and?something?to?eat.???But?(36)?_____?everyone?knows? that?taxation?is?necessary,?different???people?have?different?ideas?about?(37 )____?taxation?should?be?arranged.?In?most?countries,?a?direct?tax?on?(38)?_____,?which?is?called??income?tax,?(39)?_____.?It?is?arranged?in?such?(40)______?that?the??poorest?people?pay?no thing,?and?the?percentage?of?tax?grows?(41)?____?as?the?taxpayer's?income?gro ws.?In?some?countries,?for?example,?the?tax?on??the?richest?people?(42)______ ?as?high?as?ninety-five?per?cent!??(43)?_____?countries?with?taxation?nearly?(44)?_____?have?indirect??taxation?too.?Many?things?imported?into?the?country ?have?to?pay?taxes?or?“duties.”?Of?course,?it?is?the?men?and?women?who?buy? these?imported??things?in?the?shops?(45)______?really?have?to?pay?the?duties, ?in?the?(46)?______?of?higher?prices.?In?some?countries,?(47)?_____,?there?is ?a?tax?on??things?sold?in?the?shops.?If?the?most?necessary?things?are?taxed,? a?lot???of?money?is?(48)?____?but?the?poor?people?suffer?most.?If?unnecessary ???things?(49)___?jewels?and?fur?coats?are?taxed,?less?money?is?obtained??but ?the?tax?is?(50)?______????as?the?rich?pay?it.??Probably?this?last?kind?of?indirect?tax,?together?with?a?direct?tax?on?income s?which?is?low?for?the?poor?and?high?for?the?rich,?is?the?best?arrangement.?? PART?4?GRAMMAR?&?VOCABULARY?????15?MINThere?are?thirty?sentences?in?this?section.?Beneath?each?sentence?there?are? four?words?or??phrases?marked?A,?B,?C?and?D.?Choose?one?word?or?phrase?that? best?completes?the?sentence.?Mark?your?answers?on?Answer?Sheet?Two.??51.?Facing?the?board?of?directors,?he?didn?t?deny?________?breaking?the?agree ment.??A.?himB.?itC.?his?D.?its???52.?Xinchun?returned?from?aboard?a?different?man.?The?italicized?part?functi ons?as?a?(n)??______.??A.?appositive?(同位语)B.?object?C.?adverbial?D.?complement.??53.?Which?of?the?following?is?a?compound?word?(复合词)?______.??A.?Nonsmoker.??B.?Deadline.???C.?Meanness.???D.?Misfit.??54.?Which?of?the?following?sentences?contains?subjunctive?mood?______.??A.?Lucy?insisted?that?her?son?get?home?before?5?o’clock??B.?She?used?to?drive?to?work,?but?now?she?takes?the?city?metro.???C.?Walk?straight?ahead,?and?don't?turn?till?the?second?traffic?lights.???D.?Paul?will?cancel?his?flight?if?he?cannot?get?his?visa?by?Friday.????55.?The?following?determiners(限定词)?can?be?used?with?both?plural?and?uncountable?nouns??EXCEPT???______.??? ?A.?moreB.?enough.C.?many.?D.?such.??56.?Which?of?the?italicized?parts?indicates?CONTRAST??______.??A.?She?opened?the?door?and?quietly?went?in.??B.?Victoria?likes?music?and?Sam?is?fond?of?sports.??C.?Think?it?over?again?and?you?ll?get?an?answer.???D.?He?is?somewhat?arrogant,?and?I?don't?like?this.57.?Which?of?the?following?CANNOT?be?used?as?a?nominal?substitute(名词替代词)?______.??A.?Much.??B.?Neither.?C.?One.?D.?Quarter.???58.?All?the?following?sentences?definitely?indicate?future?time?EXCEPT??____ __.??A.?Mother?is?to?have?tea?with?Aunt?Betty?at?four.??B.?The?President?is?coming?to?the?UN?next?week.?C.?The?school?pupils?will?be?home?by?now.??D.?He?is?going?to?email?me?the?necessary?information.??59.?Which?of?the?following?sentences?is?grammatically?INCORRECT??______.??A.?Politics?are?the?art?or?science?of?government.??B.?Ten?miles?seems?like?a?long?walk?to?me.??C.?Mumps?is?a?kind?of?infectious?disease.?D.?All?the?furniture?has?arrived?undamaged.??60.?Which?of?in?the?following?phrases?indicates?a?subject-predicate?relations hip?______.??A.?The?arrival?of?the?tourists??B.?The?law?of?Newton??C.?The?occupation?of?the?island??D.?The?plays?of?Oscar?Wilde??61.?Which?of?the?following?italicized?parts?serves?as?an?appositive?______.??A.?He?is?not?the?man?to?draw?back.??B.?Tony?hit?back?the?urge?to?tell?a?lie.? ?C.?Larry?has?a?large?family?to?support.??D.?There?is?really?nothing?to?fear.? ?62.?Which?of?the?following?is?NOT?an?imperative?sentence?______.??A.Let?me?drive?you?home,?shall?I?B.You?will?mind?your?own?business!??e?and?have?dinner?with?us.??D.I?wish?you?could?stay?behind.??‘63.?If?it?______?tomorrow,?the?match?would?be?put?off.??A.?were?to?rain??B.?was?to?rain???C.?was?raining???D.?had?rained??64.?Which?of?the?following?sentences?expresses?a?fact??______.??A.?Mary?and?her?son?must?be?home?by?now.??B.Careless?reading?must?give?poor?results.???C.?It?s?getting?late,?and?I?must?leave?now.???D.?He?must?be?working?late?at?the?office.??65.?The?following?are?all?dynamic?verbs(动态动词)?EXCEPT??______.???A.?remain.?B.?turn.?C.?write.????D.?knock.??66.?____?to?school?life?was?less?difficult?than?the?pupil?had?expected.???A.AdheringB.?Adopting?C.Adjusting?D.?Acquainting???67.?He?is?fed?up?with?the?same?old?dreary?routine,?and?wants?to?quit?his?job .?The?underlined??part?means?_________.???A.?dull?B.?boring?C.?long?D.?hard??68.?At?last?night?s?party?Larry?said?something?that?I?though?was?beyond?me.?T he?underlined??part?means?________.???A.?I?was?unable?to?do??C.?I?was?unable?to?stop??B.?I?couldn’t?understand??D.?I?couldn’t?tolerate??69.?The?couple?______their?old?house?and?sold?it?for?a?vast?profit.???A.?did?forB.?did?inC.did?with?D.?did?up?70.?Sally?contributed?a?lot?to?the?project,?but?she?never?once?accepted?all?t he?____?for??herself.??A.?credit?B.?attention??C.?focus?D.?award?71.?The?child?nodded,?apparently?content?with?his?mother?s?promise.?The?under lined?part??means?_________.??A.?as?far?as?one?has?learnt??B.?as?far?as?one?is?concerned??C.?as?far?as?one?can?see??D.?as?far?as?one?is?told??72.?The?________?that?sport?builds?character?is?well?accepted?by?people?nowad ays.??A.?issue?B.?argument?C.?point?D.?sentence???73.?Everyone?in?the?office?knows?that?Melinda?takes?infinite?care?over?her?w ork.?The??underlined?part?means?________.??A.?limited?B.?unnecessary?C.?overdue?D.?much??74.?The?new?measure?will?reduce?the?chance?of?serious?injury?in?the?event?of? an?accident.??The?underlined?part?means?_________.??A.?if?an?accident?happens??B.?if?an?accident?can?be?prevented?C.?before?an?accident??D.?during?an?accident??75.?Traditionally,?local?midwives?would?________?all?the?babies?in?the?area.? ?A.?handle?B.?produce?C.?deliver?D.?help??76.?No?food?or?drink?is?allowed?on?the?premises.?The?underlined?part?means?__ ______A.?proposition?B.?advertisement?C.?building?D.?street?77.?The?court?would?not?accept?his?appeal?unless?________?evidence?is?provided.??A.?conclusive?B.?definite?C.?eventual?D.?concluding???78.?As?soon?as?he?opened?the?door,?a?________?of?cold?air?swept?through?the? house.??A.?flow?B.?movement?C.?rush?D.?blast???79.?She?really?wanted?to?say?something?at?the?meeting,?but?eventually?______ __?from?it.??A.?prevented?B.?refrained?C.?limited?D.?restricted??80.?The?couple?told?the?decorator?that?they?wanted?their?bedroom?gaily?painted.?The??underlined?part?means?_________.??A.?brightly?B.?light-heartedly?C.?cheerfully?D.?lightly?PART?V?READING?COMPREHENSION????25?MIN?In?this?section?there?are?four?passages?followed?by?questions?or?unfinished ?statements,??each?with?four?suggested?answers?marked?A,?B,?C?and?D.?Choose? the?one?that?you?think?is?the??best?answer.?Mark?your?answers?on?Answer?Shee t?Two.??TEXT?A??The?art?of?public?speaking?began?in?ancient?Greece?over?2,000?years?ago.?Now, ?twitter,??instant?messaging,?e-mail,?blogs?and?chat?forums?offer?rival?appro aches?to?communication?-?but?none?can?replace?the?role?of?a?great?speech.?? ?The?spoken?word?can?handle?various?vital?functions:?persuading?or?inspiring, ?informing,??paying?tribute,?entertaining,?or?simply?introducing?someone?or?s omething?or?accepting??something.??Over?the?past?year,?the?human?voice?has?he lped?guide?us?over?the?ups?and?downs?of?what??was?certainly?a?stormy?time.?? Persuasion?is?used?in?dealing?with?or?reconciling?different?points?of?view.?W hen?the??leaders?met?inCopenhagen?in?December?2009,?persuasive?words?from?act ivists?encouraged?them?to?commit?themselves?to?firmer?action.??Inspirational? speeches?confront?the?emotions.?They?focus?on?topics?and?matters?that?are??cl ose?to?people's?hearts.?During?wars,?generals?used?inspiring?speeches?to?prep are?the?troops??for?battle.??A?speech?that?conveys?knowledge?and?enhances?understanding?can?inform?us.?The ??information?must?be?clear,?accurate,?and?expressed?in?a?meaningful?and?inte resting?way.(流行病)announced,?the?idea?of?“swine?flu”?many?people.?Informative?speeches?from?W orld?Health?Organization?officials?helped?people??to?keep?their?panic?under?c ontrol?so?they?could?take?sensible?precautions.???Sad?events?are?never?easy?to?deal?with?but?a?speech?that?pays?tribute?to?the ?loss?of?a?loved??one?and?gives?praise?for?their?contribution?can?be?comforti ng.?Madonna's?speech?about???Michael?Jackson,after?his?death,?highlighted?the ?fact?that?he?will?continue?to?live?on?through???his?music.??It's?not?only?in?world?forums?where?public?speaking?plays?an?important?role.? It?can?also??be?surprisingly?helpful?in?the?course?of?our?own?lives.??If?you?re?taking?part?in?a?debate?you?need?to?persuade?the?listeners?of?the?s oundness?of??your?argument.?In?sports,?athletes?know?the?importance?of?a?pep? talk(鼓舞士气的讲话)?before?a?match?to?inspire?teammates.?You?yourself?may?be?asked?to?do?a?p resentation?at??college?or?work?to?inform?the?others?about?an?area?of?vital?i mportance.??On?a?more?personal?level,?a?friend?may?be?upset?and?need?comforting.?Or?you?m ight?be??asked?to?introduce?a?speaker?at?a?family?event?or?to?speak?at?a?wedd ing,?where?your?language??will?be?needed?to?move?people?or?make?them?laugh.?? Great?speaking?ability?is?not?something?we're?born?with.?Even?Barack?Obama?wo rks?hard??to?perfect?every?speech.?For?a?brilliant?speech,?there?are?rules?th at?you?can?put?to?good?use.?To??learn?those?rules?you?have?to?practice?and?le arn?from?some?outstanding?speeches?in?the?past.??81.?The?author?thinks?the?spoken?word?is?still?irreplaceable?because?______.? ?A.?it?has?always?been?used?to?inspire?or?persuade?people.??B.?it?has?a?big?role?to?play?in?the?entertainment?business.??C.?it?plays?important?roles?in?human?communication.??D.?it?is?of?great?use?in?everyday-life?context.??82.?Which?of?the?following?statements?is?INCORRECT?about?the?role?of?public?s peaking?_____A.?Speeches?at?world?forums?can?lead?to?effective?solutions?to?world?problems .??B.?Speeches?from?medical?authorities?can?calm?people?down?in?times?of?pandemi cs.??C.?The?morale?of?soldiers?before?a?battle?can?be?boosted?by?senior?officers'? speeches.??D.?Speeches?paying?tribute?to?the?dead?can?comfort?the?mourners.??83.?Public?speaking?can?play?all?the?following?roles?EXCEPT???______.??A.?to?convince?people?in?a?debate.??B.?to?inform?people?at?a?presentation.??C.?to?advise?people?at?work.??D.?to?entertain?people?at?a?wedding.???84.?According?to?the?passage,?which?of?the?following?best?explains?the?autho r's?view?on??______“great?speaking?ability”??A.?It?comes?from?observing?rules.??B.?It?can?be?perfected?with?easy?effort.??C.?It?can?be?acquired?from?birth.??D.?It?comes?from?learning?and?practice.85.?What?is?the?main?idea?of?the?passage??______.???A.?Public?speaking?in?international?forums.??B.?The?many?uses?of?public?speaking.???C.?Public?speaking?in?daily?life?context.???D.?The?rules?of?public?speaking.????TEXT?B??Every?business?needs?two?things,?says?Skullcandy?CEO?Rick?Alden:?inspiration? and???desperation.?In?2001,?Alden?had?both.?He'd?sold?two?snowboarding?busine sses,?and?he?was??desperately?bored.?But?he?had?an?idea:?He?wanted?to?make?a? new?kind?of?headphone.???“I?kept?seeing?people?missing?their?cell?phone?call s?because?they?were?listening?to??music,”?he?explains.?Then?I'm?in?a?chair li ft,?I've?got?my?headphones?on,?and?I?realize??my?phone?is?ringing.?As?1?take? my?gloves?off?and?reach?for?my?phone,?I?think,?“It?can't?be??that?tough?to?m ake?headphones?with?two?plugs,?one?for?music?and?one?for?your?cell?phone.”?? Alden?described?what?he?wanted?to?a?designer,?perfected?a?prototype,?and?outs ourced(外包)manufacturing?overseas.??Alden?then?started?designing?headphones?into?helmets,?backpacks?-?anywhere?th at?would??make?it?easy?to?listen?to?music?while?snowboarding.?“Selling?into? board?and?skate?shops???wasn't?a?big?research?effort,”?he?explains.?“Those? were?the?only?guys?I?knew!”?Alden?didn?t?want?to?be?a?manufacturer.?And?by?o utsourcing,?he'd?hoped?he?could?get?the??business?off?the?ground?without?debt .?But?he?was?wrong.?So?h e?asked?his?wife,?“Can?I?puta(抵押贷款)?on?the?house?She?said,??What?is?the?worst?thing?that?can?happen?We??lose?the?house,?we?sell?our?cars,?and?we?start?all?over?again.??I?definitely?marr ied?the?right??woman!”??For?the?next?two?years,?Alden?juggled?mortgage?payments?and?payments?to?his?? manufacturers.?“Factories?won't?ship?your?product?till?they?get?paid,”?he?s ays.?“But?it?takes??four?or?five?months?to?get?a?mortgage?company?so?upset?t hat?they?knock?on?your?door.?So?we???paid?the?factory?first.”?? Gradually,?non-snowboarders?began?to?notice?the?colorful?headphones.?In?2006, ?the??company?started?selling?them?in?1,400?FYE?(For?Your?Entertainment)?stor es.?“We?knew?that??nine?out?often?people?walking?into?that?store?would?be?le arning?about?Skullcandy?for?the?first???time.?Why?would?they?look?at?brands?t hey?knew?and?take?home?a?new?brand?instead?We?had??agreed?to?buy?back?anythin g?we?didn’t?sell,?but?we?were?dealing?with?huge?numbers.?It’d?kill?us?to?ta ke?back?all?the?products?Alden?s?fears?faded?as?Skullcandy?became?the?No.?1?headphone?seller?in?those ?stores?and??tripled?its?revenue?to?$120?million?in?one?year.?His?key?insight ?was?that?headphones?weren’t???gadgets;?they?were?a?fashion?accessory.?“In? the?beginning,”?he?says,?“that?little?white?wire???that?said?you?had?an?iPo d?---that?was?cool.?But?now?wearing?the?white?bud?means?you’re?just???like?e veryone?else.?Headphones?occupy?this?critical?piece?of?cranial?real?estate?an d?are?highly??visible.”??Today,?Skullcandy?is?America's?second-largest?headphone?supplier,?after?Sony. ?With?79?employees,?the?company?is?bigger?than?Alden?ever?imagined.??86.?Alden?came?up?with?the?idea?of?a?new?kind?of?headphone?because?he??______ .???A.?was?no?longer?in?snowboarding?business.??B.?had?no?other?business?opportunities.?C.?was?very?fond?of?modern?music.???D.?saw?an?inconvenience?among?mobile?users.??87.?The?new?headphone?was?originally?designed?for?______.??A.?snowboarders.??B.?motorcyclists.???C.?mountain?hikers.???D.?marathon?runners.??88.?Did?Alden?solve?the?money?problem??______.??A.?He?sold?his?house?and?his?cars.??B.?Factories?could?ship?products?before?being?paid.???C.?He?borrowed?money?from?a?mortgage?company.???D.?He?borrowed?money?from?his?wife's?family.???89.?What?did?Alden?do?to?promote?sales?in?FYE?stores??______.??A.?He?spent?more?money?on?product?advertising.??B.?He?promised?to?buy?back?products?not?sold.???C.?He?agreed?to?sell?products?at?a?discount.D.?He?improved?the?colour?design?of?the?product.??90.?Alden?sees?headphones?as??______.A.?a?sign?of?self-confidence.?B.?a?symbol?of?status.???C.?part?of?fashion.???D.?a?kind?of?device.??TEXT?C??I?was?standing?in?my?kitchen?wondering?what?to?have?for?lunch?when?my?friend? Taj???called.??“Sit?down,”?she?said.???I?thought?she?was?going?to?tel l?me?s he?had?just?gotten?the?haircut?from?hell.?I?laughed???and?said,?“It?can't?be ?that?bad.”???But?it?was.?Before?the?phone?call,?I?had?30?years?of?retirement?saving?in?a?“safe”?fund??with?a?brilliant?financial?guru(金融大亨).When?I?put?down?the?phone,?my?savings?were??gone.?I?felt?as?if?I?had?die d?and,?for?some?unknown?reason,?was?still?breathing.???Since?Bernie?Madoff?s?arrest?on?charges?of?running?a?$65?million?Ponzi?scheme ,?I've??read?many?articles?about?how?we?investors?should?have?known?what?was?going?on .?I?wish?I???could?say?I?had?reservations?about?Madoff?before?“the?Call”,?b ut?I?did?not.???On?New?Year's?Eve,?three?weeks?after?we?lost?our?savings,?six?of?us?Madoff?p eople??gathered?at?Taj's?house?for?dinner.?As?we?were?sitting?around?the?tabl e,?someo ne?asked,?“If??you?could?have?your?money?back?right?now,?but?it?woul d?mean?giving?up?what?you?have???learned?by?losing?it,?would?you?take?the?mon ey?or?would?you?take?what?losing?the?money???has?given?you”???My?husband?was?still?in?financial?shock.?He?said,?“I?just?want?the?money?ba ck.”?I?wasn't??certain?where?I?stood.?I?knew?that?losing?our?money?had?crack ed?me?wide?open.?I’d?been??walking?around?like?what?the?Buddhists?call?a?hun gry?ghost:?always?focused?on?the?bite?that???was?yet?to?come,?not?the?one?in? my?mouth.?No?matter?how?much?I?ate?or?had?or?experienced,???it?didn’t?satisf y?me,?because?I?wasn’t?really?taking?it?in,?wasn't?absorbing?it.?Now?I?was?? ?forced?to?pay?attention.?Still,?I?couldn't?honestly?say?that?if?someone?had? offered?me?the???money?back,?I?would?turn?it?down.???But?the?other?four?all?said?that?what?they?were?seeing?about?themselves?was? incalculable,??and?they?didn’t?think?it?would?have?become?apparent?without?t he?ground?of?financial??stability?being?ripped?out?from?underneath?them.??M y?friend?Michael?said,I’d?started?to?get?complacent.?It’s?as?if?the?muscle s?of?my?heart??started?to?atroph(萎缩).?Now?they?re?awake,?alive—and?I?don?t?want?to?go?back.”?? Theseweren’t just?empty?words.?Michael?and?his?wife?needed?to?take?in?boarder s?to??meet?their?expenses.?Taj?was?so?broke?that?she?was?moving?into?someone ’s?garage??apartment?in?three?weeks.?Three?friends?had?declared?bankruptcy?a nd?weren't?sure?where?or???how?they?were?going?to?live.??91.?What?did?the?author?learn?from?Taj?s?call??A.?had?got?an?awful?haircut.??B.?They?had?lost?their?retirement?savings.???C.?Taj?had?just?retired?from?work.???D.?They?were?going?to?meet?for?lunch.??92.?How?did?the?author?feel?in?the?following?weeks??A.?Angry.?B.?Disappointed.???C.?Indifferent.??D.?Desperate.??93.?According?to?the?passage,?to?which?was?she?“forced?to?pay?attention”?A.?Her?friends.??B.?Her?husband.???C.?Her?lost?savings.???D.?Her?experience.???94.?Which?of?the?following?statements?is?CORRECT?about?her?friendsA.?Her?friends?valued?their?experience?more.??B.?Her?friends?felt?the?same?as?she?did.???C.?Her?friends?were?in?a?better?financial?situation.???D?Her?friends?were?more?optimistic?than?she.???95.?What?is?the?message?of?the?passage??A.?Desire?for?money?is?human?nature.???B.?One?has?to?be?decisive?during?crises.??C.?Understanding?gained?is?more?important?than?money?lost.??D.?It?is?natural?to?see?varied?responses?to?financial?crises.??TEXT?D??In?the?19th?century,?there?used?to?be?a?model?of?how?to?be?a?good?person.?The re?are?all?these?torrents?of?passion?flowing?through?you.?Your?job,?as?captai n?of?your?soul,?is?to?erect??dams?to?keep?these?passions?in?check.?Your?job?i s?to?just?say?no?to?laziness,?lust,?greed,?drug???use?and?the?other?sins.?? ?These?days?that?model?is?o ut?of?fashion.?You?usually?can’t?change?your?beha viour?by??simply?resolving?to?do?something.?Knowing?what?to?do?is?not?the?sam e?as?being?able?to?do?it.???Your?willpower?is?not?like?a?dam?that?can?block?the?torrent?of?self-indulgen ce.?It's?more?like?a???muscle,?which?tires?easily.?Moreover,?you're?a?social? being.?If?everybody?around?you?is???overeating,?you?ll?probably?do?so,?too.?? ?The?19th-century?character?model?was?based?on?an?understanding?of?free?will. ?Today,?we???know?that?free?will?is?bounded.?People?can?change?their?lives,?b ut?ordering?change?is?not??simple?because?many?things,?even?within?ourselves, ?are?beyond?our?direct?control.???Much?of?our?behaviour,?for?example,?is?guided?by?unconscious?habits.?Researc hers?at??Duke?University?calculated?that?more?than?40?percent?of?the?actions? we?take?are?governed?by???habit,?not?actual?decisions.?Researchers?have?also? come?to?understand?the?structure?of???habits—cue,?routine,?reward.???You?can?change?your?own?personal?habits.?If?you?leave?running?shorts?on?the? floor?at???night,?that'll?be?a?cue?to?go?running?in?the?morning.?Don?t?try?to?ignore?yo ur?afternoon?snack???craving.?Every?time?you?feel?the?cue?for?a?snack,?insert ?another?routine.?Take?a?walk.???Their?research?thus?implies?a?different?character?model,?which?is?supposed?t o?manipulate?the?neural(神经系统的)networks?inside.???To?be?an?effective?person,?under?this?model,?you?are?supposed?to?coolly?exam ine?your?own?unconscious?habits,?and?the?habits?of?those?under?your?care.?You ?are?supposed?to?devise???strategies?to?alter?the?cues?and?routines.?Every?re lationship?becomes?slightly?manipulative,???including?your?relationship?with? yourself.?You're?trying?to?arouse?certain?responses?by???implanting?certain?c ues.???This?is?a?bit?disturbing,?because?the?important?habitual?neural?networks?are ?not?formed??by?mere?routine,?nor?can?they?be?reversed?by?clever?cues.?They?a re?burned?in?by?emotion?and??strengthened?by?strong?yearnings,?like?the?yearn。