高一英语上册语法复习

高一英语上册语法复习
The Attributive Clause
定语从句
1.定义：在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。

3.关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的词
关系代词：Who, whom, whose, which, that等
关系副词：When, where, why等
关系代词和关系副词的作用：
1、引导作用
2、替代作用
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
Eg: 1.Those who want to go please sign your names here.
2.This is the house where he was born.
判断下列引导词在句中的用法指代、所作成分、是否可省略.
Eg: 1.He is such a man who never tells a lie.
2. He is the model worker whom/who we should learn from.
3. A dictionary is a book which often helps us to know the meanings of the words.
4. This is the film which I like best.
5. The boy whose father is a professor is one of my best friends.
6. The house whose roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon.
7. It was 11 o’clock when the accident happened last night.
8. This is the village where I was brought up.
关系代词which和that的区别：
A.关系代词必须用that的情形：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
The first man arrived at the class was our headteacher.
This is the only ticket that I got yesterday.
This is the very book that I’m looking for.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
All that you have to do is to press the button.
There is no time that we can waste.
The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station. Summarize: 只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况
1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。

2）先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。

3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.
4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。

5）先行词既有人又有物时。

B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用which
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
Practice:
1.They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
2.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______ she could turn for help. (1992)
A.that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
3. I don’t like __________ you speak to her. (1993上海)
A.the way
B.the way in that
C.the way which
D.the way of which
（BDA）
Correct the following sentences:
1.This is the best film which I have seen.
2.That’s all which want to say.
（This is the best film that I have seen.
That’s all that I want to say.）
3.Is there anything which you want in this shop?
4.He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.
5.The room in that she lives is a large one.
(Is there anything that you want in this shop?
He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.
The room in which she lives is a large one. )
关系副词when, where, why的用法
1.Do you still remember the day when we went to visit the museum together?
Do you still remember the day on which we went to visit the museum together?
2.This is the factory where my father once worked.
This is the factory in which my father once worked.
3.This is the reason why he was late.
This is the reason for which he was late.
Summarize:
在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/…+which;
Where=in/at/on/…+which;
Why=for /…+which
Practice:
1.---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. (1999)
--- Is that the reason_______ you had a few days off?
A.why
B. when
C. what
D. where
2.I’m going to visit the school _________ my mother taught physics ten years ago.
A.where
B. that
C. which
D. what
3.Do you still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing?
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
(AAC)
关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分
同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；
同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which
主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。

请比较以下句子：
This is the park that we visited last year.(从句意思不完整需要加宾语)
This is the park where we held a birthday party.（从句完整，只需加上特定的关系副词）That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever.
That’s the date when we went to the college.
I like the time that we had together.
I like the time when we lived together.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
定义：限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，否则主句的意思不完整或不成立。

非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后主句的意思照样完整。

Compare the following sentences:
A man who does not try to learn from others can’t achieve much.
There’re many plays (that) I’d like to see.
This note was left by Xiao Wu, who was just here.
Yesterday Mr Brown paid a visit to Hangzhou, which is famous for its West Lake.
They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
Summarize:
1. 限制性定语从句常和先行词紧密相连；非限制
性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开。

2.非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。

3.非限制性定语从句有时可以用来修饰整个句子。

*关系代词和人称代词/指示代词的选择
①He has three sons, none of _____ is a doctor.
②He has three sons, but none of ____ is a doctor.
③He has three sons, _______ are doctors.
④He has three sons; ____ are doctors.
A. whom
B. them
C. they
D. who
(ADBC)
Practice:
1.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001)
A.It
B. As
C. That
D. What
2.He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science. (1998)
A. which I think is
B.which I think it is
C. which I think it
D. I think which is
3.I shall never forget those years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers, __________ has a great effect on my life. (1994 上海)
A. that; which
B.when; which
C.which; that
D.when; who
(BAB)
Correct mistakes for the following sentences.
1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.
2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.
3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?
4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths.
5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.
6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?
7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.
8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick.
（whom、whose、that、are、likes、去掉her、去掉it、who）
主动表示被动：
某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等
The flower smells sweet.
The dish tastes delicious.
The cloth feels very soft.
The stones have worn smooth.
更多资源
2. 某些及物动词后加副词（有些可不加副词）表示事物固有的属性或特征,也可以表示被动意义，如wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, lock, peel, pack, play, shut, spot, split, strike, record, act, clean, draw, iron, keep, photograph等
This type of recorder sells well.
That kind of shirt washes very well.
Ripe apples peel easily.
The plays won’t act.
Nylon dries quickly.
6) The novel reads well.
7) The door opens with difficulty.
8) The wood won’t burn.
9) Water heats rapidly.
10) This kind of shirt cleans easily.
11) Her coat caught in the door/ on the nail.
比较：
1. The box doesn’t lock.
这个箱子锁不上。

（箱子本身的性质）
2. The box was not locked.
这个箱子没有上锁。

（箱子当时的状态）
3. The theory proved to be correct.
那个理论证明是正确的。

（含有自身证明的特征）
4. The theory was proved to be correct.
那个理论被证明是正确的。

（被人证明）
3. want, need, require,和be worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

The book is worth reading.
The coat requires mending.
The children needs looking after.
The table wants cleaning.
某些作表语(expensive, cheap, difficult, fit, hard, light, heavy, easy, 的形容词后，用不定式形式表示被动意义。

⑴The box is too heavy to lift.
⑵She is easy to approach.
⑶The fish is not fit to eat.
⑷He is hard to please.
⑸The passage is difficult to read.
⑹The jewel is too expensive to buy.
There are a lot of work to do/ to be done.
There are a lot of work for us to do.
被动语态The Passive Voice
1、了解被动语态
被动语态构成：be+P.P
2、形式:
1）一般现在时：am/is/are+P.P
1.英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态
2) 一般过去时：was/were+P.P
3) 情态动词+be+P.P
4) 一般将来时：will +be +p.p
5) 现在完成时：have/has+been+P.P
6) 现在进行时态：is/am/are+being+P.P
1.Bananas are grown in Hainan.(海南种植香焦。

）
2.Many more trees will be planted in our school next year.（我们学校明年将种更多的树。

）
3.Were the trees planted by him.这些树是他种的吗？
4.Young trees must be looked after.
(必须照看好小树）
5. The building is being built.
(那栋楼房正在建设中。

）
6.The homework has been finished yet.
（家作已经做完了。

）
语态转换
1.He teaches English in our school.
English is taught in our school by him.
宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动
2.We planted many trees last years.
Many trees were planted by us last year.
过去时的被动语态：was/were+P.P
3.We should plant many more trees.
Many more trees should be planted by us.
含情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词+be +PP
4.She will teach Class 6.
Class 6 will be taught by her.
将来时的被动语态：Will/shall+be +PP
5. Many countries have sent up satellites into space.
Satellites have been sent up into space by many countries .
完成时的被动语:Have/has+been +PP
6.She is teaching Class 6.
Class 6 is being taught by her.
现在进行时的被动语态：is+being+pp
7.She gave me a book.
I was given a book by her.
A book was given to me by her.
如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring, show,tell…）
8.He made me do the work.
I was made to do the work by him.
这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回来。

（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch…)
9.They take good care of the baby.
The baby is taken good care of by them.
注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个
整体，不可把它们分隔开来。

1Stamps______by people for sending letters.
e
ing
ed
D.are used.
2.Must old people_____to politely?
A.speak
B.spoken
C.be spoke
D.be spoken
3. Bike mustn’t_____everywhere.
A.be up
B.be put
C.put C.putting
4.The woman fell off the bike and ____on the road.
y
B.was lain
C.lied
D.has lain （DDBA）
5.The old man and the children_____in our country.
A.must take good care .
B.must be take good care of
C.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of
6.All trees must_____well when it is dry.
A.be water
B.watering
C.water
D.be watered
7.__I think the shop_____________.
__No,it’s open. It_____________at six.
close, close B closed, closed
C.closed;closes
D. is closed ,closes （DDD）
将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1. We can finish the work in two days.
The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.
2. They produce silk in Suzhou.
Silk __ _________ in Suzhou.
3. The children will sing an English song.
An English song ____ ____ _______ by the children.
4. You needn't do it now.
It _________ _____ _____ by you now.
5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.
A New Year Card ____ ____ ____ me by Lucy last week.
6.He made me do that for him.
I ____ ____ ____ ______that for him.
7. I have given this book to the library.
This book _____ ______ ______ to the library.
can be finished
is produced
will be sung
needn’t be done
was sent to
was made to do
has been given
A traffic accident ________(happen) just now.
happened
2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become…Peking Opera ________ (sound) beautiful.
sounds
3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:
The pen _________ (write) very fast.
writes
This kind of sweater _______ (sell) well.
sells
1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, …
不用被动语态的动词：
1. Large numbers of plastic bags _________ (use) in the supermarkets every day.
2. _____ our country ____(send) up another man-made satellite last year?
3. Must the old people ___________ (speak) to politely?
4. Her grandma was still alive when he _________ (take) to the hospital.
5. English __________(speak) in many counties.
are used、Did、send、be spoken、was taken、is spoken
6. Three quarters of the world’s books ____________ (write) in English.
7. This kind of sweater __________ (sell) well.
8. _________ Lesson 50 ___________ (teach) next week?
are written、sells、Will、be taught
Fill in the blanks using right forms:
1. All the students __________(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.
2. Are many ways _______(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?
3. —What are on show in the museum?
—Some photos _________(take) by American children.
4. This coat _________(wash) well.
5. Must the old people ____________(speak) to politely?
6. I’m often _________(警告）not to copy others’homework.
7. He couldn’t explain why dinosaurs ___________ (消失).
8. I’ll have my bike __________________(修理) tomorrow.
9. Have you found your necklace ________(偷) last week?
10. The PRC was _________(成立) on October 1, 1949.
（were asked 、tried、taken、washes、be spoken、warned、disappeared、mended／repaired、Stolen、founded）。