2018版高考英语(人教通用)大一轮复习教师用书选修八Unit2CloningWord版含答案

Ⅰ.高考单词→识记·思考·运用
1．核心词汇
①differ vi.不同；相异________adj.不同的；与众不同的________ n．差异；不同
②________ vt.着手；从事；承担(undertook；undertaken)
③________ vt.扔；投；掷________/________(过去式/过去分词)
④object vi.反对；不赞成n．物体；目标________n．不赞成；反对；异议
⑤________ vt.获得；赢得
⑥retire vi.退休；离开________n．退休
⑦bother vt.打扰vi.操心n．烦扰________adj.引起麻烦的，困扰人的
⑧________ vi.& vt.& n．打；撞击；罢工(struck/struck)
⑨________ vt.抵抗；对抗
答案①different；difference ②undertake③cast；cast；cast ④objection ⑤obtain⑥retirement⑦bothersome⑧strike ⑨resist
2．常考词汇
①attain vt.______________
②accumulate vt.& vi._________________
③procedure n．________________
④adore vt.________________
⑤forbid vt.________________(forbade/forbad，forbidden)
⑥medium n. (pl.media)________________
答案①获得；达到(水平、年龄、状况等)②积累；聚积③程序；步骤；手续④崇拜；爱慕；喜爱⑤禁止；不准⑥媒介；手段；工具
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．You may have the opportunity to make your biggest ________ (differ) when you're older.But why not start now？(2016·四川，阅读B)
2．These are ________ (exact) the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most.
3．The Thames had many islands.Miranda ________ (undertake) a review of all of them.(2015·全国Ⅰ，阅读A)
4．The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by ________ (cast) tomatoes at the crowd.(2015·福建，阅读A)
5．One of the projects was to build a clay pot，but I built mine ________(correct)，so it broke in the kiln (窑)．(2015·湖南，阅读问答)
6．I really want ________ (obtain) this precious opportunity because，by offering my service，I will be able to improve my organizational ability.
7．My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do something special for him at his ________ (retire) party.
8．Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors，we're hoping to settle something that ________ (bother) us.(2014·辽宁，短文改错)
9．Just before September，Miller ________ (strike)by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from hospital.
10．Instead，babies may form an understanding of ________ (objective)support through repeated experiments.(2016·浙江，阅读C)
答案 1.difference 2.exactly 3.has undertaken 4.casting 5.incorrectly
6．to obtain7.retirement8.bothers 9．was struck10.object
【联想·积累】
❶“完全地”全掌握
①altogether总共；完全地
②entirely彻底地，完全地
③completely完全地；圆满地，全面地
④totally完全地；总共
❷快速掌握“获得”家族
①receive收到，得到(信、命令、请帖等)；接受(欢迎，请愿等)
②get获得；赚得；赢得
③obtain得到，获得；达到(目的)
④acquire获得；招致；学得；养成(习惯等)
⑤gain获得；赢得，打胜(战争、官司)
⑥be available可以得到的，可以买到的
❸“职场经历”的高频词速记
①apply vt.& vi.申请
②appoint vt.任命；委派
③dismiss vt.免……的职；解雇；开除
④fire vt.开除；解雇
⑤interview vt.接见；采访；面试
⑥promote vt.提升；晋升
⑦resign vi.辞职vt.辞去
⑧retire vi.退休；离开
Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词(副词)
①pay ________ 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
②cast ________ 沮丧；不愉快
③object ________ 反对
④owe...________．..把……归功于……
答案①off②down③to④to
2．in＋名词(＋of)
①in favour ________ 赞成；支持
②________ vain 白费力气；枉费心机
③________ good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏答案①of②in③in
3．其他形式
①(be) bound ________ (do)．..一定或注定(做)……
②strike...________ one's heart
使……刻骨铭心
③from time ________ time 不时；偶尔
④bring back ________ life 使复生；使复活
答案①to②into③to④to
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．The doctor did all he could to ____________．
2．As an inexperienced teacher，I tried every means to get them to be quiet，but ____________，my panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly.(2015·湖南，完形)
3．We ____________ meet with difficulties in carrying out this research.
4．Frank won the first prize in the national English competition，and his efforts at last ____________．
5．I have told her about our plan，and she is ____________ it.
6．He ____________ because he was scolded.
7．Traffic accidents happen __________ on this road.
8．Mountain Tai ________ its beauty ________ and she decided to visit it again the next year.
答案 1.bring him back to life 2.in vain 3.are bound to 4.paid off 5．in favour of 6.was cast down 7．from time to time8.struck；into her heart
【联想·积累】
❶“动词＋副词”回顾再记
①break down 坏掉；分解；垮下来
②break up打碎；分解
③bring down使降低，使下降
④come out出现，出版，结果是
⑤cut down砍倒；削减
⑥get over克服
⑦make out辨认出
⑧put away收起；储存
⑨set aside拨出；置于一旁
⑩set off出发，引爆
❷“in＋名词＋of”常用搭配
①in honor of为纪念……
②in charge of负责，掌管
③in terms of依据，根据
④in praise of赞扬
⑤in favor of支持，赞同
⑥in need of需要
Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用
原句背诵感悟
1．Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就很复杂了。

2．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。

句型公式仿写
1．while表“对比”关系，“然而，可是”
Women usually stay at home and do all the housework ______________ (而男人们则外出工作)．
2．then引起的倒装句(Then＋谓语＋主语)
then位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。

that引导同位语从句。

________________ (传来好消息)he was admitted to Beijing University.
答案 1.while men go out to work 2.Then came the good news that
【联想·积累】
◆高频while全掌握
(1)They arrived while we were having dinner.(当……时)
(2)Would you look after the children while I go shopping? (在……的过程中)
(3)While it was a good school，I was not happy there.(虽然)
(4)Schools in the south tend to be better equipped，while those in the north are
relatively poor.(但是；反之)
[单 词 点 睛]
A 高考必备词汇——精讲精练
1．object vi.反对；不赞成 n ．物体；目标
[高考佳句]Babies then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact.(2016·浙江，阅读C)
孩子们于是形成这方面的知识，学习更多关于物体怎么互动的。

(1)object to sb/sth 反对；不赞成某人/某事
object to doing sth 反对做某事
(2)objection n ．反对；厌恶
raise an objection to sth 对……提出异议
have/make an/no objection to (doing) sth 对……表示反对/不反对
单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用
①We object to____________ (blame)for something that we haven't done.
②I no longer have any objection for your going to see her.
③____________ (如果有人反对)，we'll postpone the meeting till next week. 答案 ①being blamed ②for →to ③If anybody objects
2．forbid vt.(forbade/forbad ，forbidden )禁止；不准
[高考佳句]You are forbidden to say “one feels” or “people think”．(2015·全国Ⅰ，阅读D)
禁止你说“人们认为”或者“大家认为”。

forbid sb sth 禁止某人某事
forbid doing sth 禁止做某事
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫forbid sb to do sth
forbid sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用
①Everyone ____________ (forbid) to own a gun privately.
②We should take measures to forbid to returning illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.
③My father ________________ (禁止我去会见我的朋友)online at the Internet café！
答案①is forbidden②去掉第二个to③forbade me from meeting/to meet my friends
3．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢
[高考佳句]I think maybe we owe you an apology.
我想也许我们应该向你道歉。

(2015·北京，完形)
(1)owe sb an apology 该向某人道歉
owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情
owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb欠某人某物
(2)owe...to...把……归功于……
(3)owing to因为；由于
单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用
①These early settlers owed their survival________ hard work and determination to succeed.
②I owe to you an apology.You must have found my attitude very annoying.
③________________ (由于他不在)，we had to put off the class meeting till next week.
答案①to②去掉to③Owing to his absence
B常考必会词汇——理解辨认
1．bother vt.打扰vi.操心n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人
[教材原句]However，the problem that she later deve-loped a serious lung disease bothered scientists.然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。

(1)bother sb with/about sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人
(2)put sb to any bother给某人添乱
单句语法填空/单句阅读理解(说出黑体部分的语义)
①I don't want to put him ________ any bother，so I try doing it by myself.
②You don't bother to get dinner for me today，I'll eat out.
③—I'll go to the post office to mail this parcel to Ann.
—Why bother？I'll see her at dinner this evening.
答案①to②你不要麻烦③不必麻烦了吧
2．undertake vt.(undertook，undertaken)着手；从事；承担
undertake a task/responsibility承担任务/责任
undertake to do sth同意、答应或着手做某事
写出下列句子中黑体部分的含义
The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid.(2013·江西，阅读B)
答案承担指导
3．resist vt.抵抗；对抗；抗拒；抵制；忍住
resist (doing) sth抵制(做)某事
can't/couldn't resist doing sth/can't help doing sth忍不住做某事
写出下列句子中黑体部分的含义
The boy couldn't resist showing off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home.
答案忍不住炫耀
[短语点拨]
1．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
[高考佳句]Sacrifices pay off in the end.The separation between us has proved to be a blessing for me.(2014·天津，完形)
所有的牺牲在最后都得到了回报。

我们一家的分离对我来说证明是件幸事。

pay for sth付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价
pay sb for sth因某事物给某人报酬
pay back偿还(欠款)；报复
写出下列句子中pay off的含义
①Did your plan pay off?
②Her debts were not fully paid off until last year.
③When the building was completed，he paid off the workers.
④His hard work in college paid off at last.He has become a famous scientist.
答案①取得成功②还清③(付清工资后)解雇④得到回报
2．in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏
[经典例句]The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。

out of condition 健康状况欠佳
working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境
on condition that...在……条件下；倘若……
on no condition一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)
单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用
①________ no condition can we deny that the Diaoyu Islands have been an integral part of China's territory for centuries.
②They agreed to lend us the car on the condition that we returned it before the weekend.
③I needn't buy a new car as my old one is ________________(状况还很好)．
答案①On②去掉第二个the③still in good condition
[句式透析]
※[教材原句]The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.她看来是在正常地成长着，这个事实非常令人鼓舞。

that引导的同位语从句
[高考佳句]I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.(2015·重庆，满分作文)
我写申请的原因是因为我喜欢读书，我拥有大量的书。

【名师指津】句中that引导的同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，that仅起连接词的作用，无意义，不可省略。

(1)常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有fact，news，idea，hope truth，suggestion，thought，belief，possibility等。

(2)同位语从句中表示“是否”用whether不用if。

(3)特殊疑问词引导的同位语从句用陈述语序。

单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用
①The question ________ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.
②We should consider the students' request the school library provide more books on popular science.
③Jim got to know the news ________________(整个村子都处在极度危险中)．
答案①whether②request后加that③that the whole village was in great danger
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In the United States of America，the legal voting age is 18 years.Though some Americans have expressed interest in raising the voting age，saying that these important decisions should not be left in the hands of a teenager，I disagree.I believe that those who are 18 years old are ready to take on the responsibility for voting.
We all know that in the United States，18 is the age when an individual is considered an adult by the government.Being an adult in the eyes of the law is quite different than simply being a juvenile．Punishments for illegal activities become much heavier.Additionally，at 18，an individual can join the army without receiving permission from his parents to do so.So，when a citizen turns 18，the politics of the country start affecting him in a completely different way.It is unfair to let one lead a severer lifestyle and not allow him any choice in the matter.
Furthermore，by allowing a teenager to vote，we are helping to ensure that he will become more politically minded at a younger age.I didn't care at all about the politics of my country when I couldn't vote.As I couldn't do anything about the politics at the time，I couldn't see why I should care.It wasn't until I turned 18 years of age that I started actively trying to understand who ran my government and the way in which it was governed.By allowing 18-year-olds to vote，we are getting them engaged in the world of politics much sooner.
In addition，teenagers today are much smarter than we think.Today's society is much more technologically advanced than it was in the past.Teenagers have access to all kinds of information through the Internet and their smartphones.So，teenagers have enough knowledge to make good decisions.
Therefore，I think 18 is indeed a proper age to make important political decisions and those who are 18 should be allowed to make important decisions that will affect their nation.
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。

有人认为应该提高美国的选举年龄，作者对此表示反对。

1．The underlined wor d “juvenile” in Paragraph 2 probably means________．A．child B．soldier C．teenager D．criminal
答案C[词义猜测题。

根据本句中的than可知，这里是与本句开头的adult作对比。

根据常识可知，18岁正是从“青少年”向“成年”过渡的年龄。

由此可推测，这里指成年人承担的法律责任和义务都与“青少年”大不相同。

] 2．When reaching 18，the author________．
A．loved his country more than before
B．changed his attitude towards politics
C．worked in a governmental institution
D．called for a reduction in the voting age
答案B[细节理解题。

根据第三段中的I didn't care at all about the politics of my country when I couldn't vote...It wasn't until I turned 18 years of age that I started actively trying to understand who ran my government and the way in which it was governed可以看出，作者18岁以后改变了自己对政治的态度，从漠不关心到积极参与。

]
3．The author believes “teenagers today are much smarter than we think” becau se they________．
A．are quick-minded
B．are well-informed
C．can use modern technologies on their own
D．can act according to changing circumstances
答案B[推理判断题。

根据本句后的内容，尤其是Teenagers have access to all kinds of information及teenagers have enough knowledge可知，作者说“如今的青少年比我们想象中聪明得多”是说他们消息灵通、知识广博。

]
4．Which of the following shows the structure of the text?
CP：Central Point P：Point
Sp：Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion
答案C[篇章结构题。

通读全文可知，作者在第一段提出了自己的观点：I believe that those who are 18 years old are ready to take on the responsibility for voting，随后在第二、三、四段证明自己的观点，这三段的结尾It is unfair to let one lead a severer lifestyle and not allow him any choice in the matter，By allowing 18-year-olds to vote，we are getting them engaged in the world of politics much sooner和So，teenagers have enough knowledge to make good decisions就是作者的三个论据。

最后一段是作者得出的结论。

故选C项。

]
B
According to a recent investigation，35% of unemployed Americans ages 25 to 54 believed that they'd been replaced by technology.That is to say，technology threatens traditional work.Is that a bad thing?
Many economists associate the middle class's shrinking partly with the fact that technology is replacing people.Increasingly，there are jobs for people with higher degrees and hands-on laborers like home health care aides，but more and more of what's in between can be automated.Self-driving cars are coming; mini planes will be operated by radio to deliver goods.It is even said that software developers themselves might someday be replaced by the very programs they create.
It's true that software can do more work than human beings used to do.But historically，technological progress has brought more benefits than losses.If you look at the change from an agrarian (农业的) to an industrial society，that's certainly true.From 1900 to 2000，the proportion (比例) of people working on farms
fell from 41% to 2%，yet agricultural output increased and farmers eventually found jobs in factories.
There is a strong argument that the jobs and value technology creates just aren't being counted properly.People like Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky couldn't agree more.Founded in 2008 and based in San Francisco，California，Airbnb is a trusted community marketplace for people to list，discover，and book unique accommodations around the world—online or from a mobile phone.His company may have 30 million users and only 1，600 employees，but Chesky says it creates many more “21st century jobs” by helping make extra i ncome for hosts who rent their homes and for local businesses and such service providers as cleaners who benefit from the arrival of vacationers.For New York City alone，Chesky puts the value of that additional income at $257 million annually，which the company claims supports 6，600 jobs.
Facing the new economy，people who are smart and well educated may do better.But what about those who aren't as well positioned? The obvious answer is for government to provide more help through a reformed educational system，workforce training and a social safety net.Some companies are making big private contributions to educational reform，but more will be needed.
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。

有人认为科技的进步造成很多人失业，作者却认为科技带来的利大于弊，并呼吁政府和更多的公司参与到教育改革中，帮人们做好准备应对科技对传统工作的冲击。

5．According to Paragraph 2，who are most likely to find a job in the future? A．Deliverers. B．Caregivers.
C．Professional drivers. D．Software developers.
答案B[细节理解题。

根据第二段中的Increasingly，there are jobs for...home health care aides...Self-driving cars are coming; mini planes will be operated by radio to deliver goods...software developers themselves might someday be replaced by the very programs they create 可知，无人驾驶技术会使司机失业；遥控投递飞机会使投递员失业；软件开发员可能会被自己开发的程序替代，只有护工需要身体力行，
有市场需求。

]
6．What's the author's opinion on technological progress?
A．It creates new jobs while replacing people.
B．It forces farmers to work in factories.
C．It encourages educational reform.
D．It leads to huge unemployment.
答案A[细节理解题。

根据第三段中的technological progress has brought more benefits than losses及随后举的例子可以看出，科技的进步虽然会造成一部分人失业，但最终会带来更大的利，创造更多的工作岗位。

]
7．The author develops Paragraph 4 mainly by________．
A．providing explanations
B．making comparisons
C．using examples
D．telling stories
答案C[写作手法题。

作者以Airbnb为例说明科技创造的工作和价值往往被低估。

故选C项。

]
8．Which of the following shows the structure of the text?
CP：Central Point P：Point
Sp：Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion
答案A[篇章结构题。

作者首先在第一段提出了本文的论点：科技威胁传统工作。

第二段支持该论点，认为科技会取代一部分人的工作；第三、四段则反对该论点，认为科技创造的利大于弊并且科技创造的工作和价值往往被低估。

面对科技威胁传统工作的形势，作者在最后一段给出了建议：教育改革。

故选A项。

] Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Five Facts about Goal Setting
These practical tips on goal setting can help make it easier to set and reach goals.
__1__When it comes to making a change，the people who succeed are those who set realistic and specific goals.“I'm going to recycle all my plastic bottles，soda cans
and magazines.”is a much more doable (可做的) goal than “I'm going to do something for the environment.” And the former one is easy to realize.
It takes time for a change to become a fixed habit.It will probably take a couple of months before any changes—like getting up half an hour early to exercise—become a routine in your life.__2__
__3__Speak out your goal each morning to remind yourself of what you want and what you're working for.Every time you remind yourself of your goal，you're training your brain to make it happen.Writing it down also works.
Pleasing others doesn't work.__4__You have to do it because you want it，not because someone else wants you to.It is hard to keep motivated if you're doing something out of obligation (义务)．
Roadblocks (障碍)don't mean failure.Mistakes are part of the learning process.__5__But that's OK—it's normal to give up several times when you try to make a change.So remember that everyone makes mistakes and don't beat yourself up.Just remind yourself to keep going.
A．Keep track of your progress.
B．Repeat your goal every day.
C．Specific and realistic goals work best.
D．It may take a few tries to reach a goal.
E．Find the desire within yourself when you set a goal.
F．That's because your brain needs time to get used to the idea.
G．Make your goals smaller steps that move you towards larger ones.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文，题材为日常生活类。

本文说明了树立目标的一些情况。

1．C[本段通过举例说明设定具体的、切合实际的目标效果最好，并且段落中set realistic and specific goals有提示，故选C。

]
2．F[本选项用来解释说明原因，选项中的That指代前面提到的内容，故选F。

] 3．B[根据本段内容可以概括出本段的主旨，即每天重复你的目标，故选B。

] 4．E[本选项承上启下，说明树立目标时要找到你内心真正渴望的东西，故选
E。

]
5．D[本选项承接上一句，继续说明实现目标要经过多次尝试，也为下一句做了铺垫，故选D。

]
Ⅲ.短文改错
I really think the way most young people use modern technology are almost st week my cousin came over for the dinner.She's seventeen and addicting to her mobile phone.All through dinner she was on her phone，send messages and chatting online.We were both there having a conversation，but she was in her own little world.It was quite strange and annoyed.When I asked her about it，her reply was “Well，I need to stay touch with my friends”．However，I'm really not convinced that this way of using technological really does this.After all，there had lots of us there together but he wasn't in touch with us at all!
答案
I really think the way most young people use modern technology are
is almost
st week my cousin came over for the dinner.She's seventeen and
addicting
addicted to her mobile phone.All through dinner she was on her phone，
send sending
messages and chatting online.We were both
all there having a conversation，but she was
in her own little world.It was quite strange and annoyed
annoying.When I asked her about it，
her reply was “Well，I need to stay touch with my friends”．However，I'm really
not convinced that this way of using technological
technology really does this.After all，there
had
were lots of us there together but he
she wasn't in touch with us at all!
Ⅳ.书面表达
假如你是李华，你的家乡将于8月5日到8月15日举办“草莓采摘节(Strawberry Picking Festival)”。

你的美国笔友汤姆正在你市某中学作交换生。

请给他写封电子邮件，邀请他参加采摘活动，要点如下：
·提出邀请并简述原因；
·采摘节的时间、活动安排以及注意事项。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。

Dear Tom，
I have a piece of good news for you！
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua 【参考范文】
Dear__Tom，
I__have__a__piece__of__good__news__for__you！ A local festival—the Strawberry Picking Festival—is to be held in my hometown to celebrate the strawberry harvest.It's a good chance for you to enjoy fresh strawberries，meet new friends and practice your spoken Chinese.
The festival will last from August fifth to fifteenth and is open to anyone who's over ten years old.If you are interested in the festival，we could take a bus to get there.You are allowed to eat as many strawberries as you can as long as you pay fifty yuan in advance.But remember not to waste them！I'm sure you'll have a good time there.
Looking__forward__to__your__reply.
Yours，
Li__Hua。