终止性动词的用法(学生用)

延续性动词和终止性动词
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。

如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。

如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。

表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。

如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。

如：It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。

如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。

上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。

如：
The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。

因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。

如：
(1)他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years.（×）
正：
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：
(2)他来这儿五天了。

误：He has come here for five days.（×）
正：He has been here for five days.
正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here.
正：Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。

那么，应如何正确表达呢？
可以采用下面的四种方法：
如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。

下面列举几例：
leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, m ove to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of,
open sth.→keep sth. open,fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。

如：
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。

5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。

when
表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。

而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。

如：
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。

如：
误：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?
延继性动词和终止性动词巩固练习
1. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours.
A. has left
B. had left
C. has been away
D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for five years so far.
A. joined
B. have joined
C. have been in
D. join
3. The factory ______ since the February of 1995.
A. has been open
B. has opened
C. was open
D. opened
4. Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998.
A. have made
B. have been
C. made
D. have become
5. You mustn't ______ until he comes back.
A. be away
B. leave
C. be left
D. have been
6. The meeting ______ for a week now.
A. has finished
B. has ended
C. has been over
D. has been in
7. Miss Gao______ this school since 1996.
A. has come to
B. came to
C. has taught
D. has been in
8. Ben ______ a teacher for nearly three years.
A. has been
B. has become
C. was
D. became
9. I ______ home for a week up to now.
A. have returned
B. have been back
C. returned
D. were
10. How long ________ Mr Smith ________?
A. did; die
B. was; dead
C. was; dying
D. has; been dead
11. When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard.
A. got
B. reached
C. arrived
D. was
12. Tom ______ the car for two months.
A. has had
B. bought
C. has bought
D. had got
13. -How long ______ you ______?-Two weeks.
A. did; all ill
B. have; fallen ill
C. were; ill
D. have; been ill
14. Since 1942 he ______ his hometown.
A. has left
B. has moved away from
C. has been away from
D. moved away from
15. I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days.
A. borrow
B. lend
C. keep
D. take
16. The bus ______ on the road for an hour.
A. has stopped
B. stopped
C. is stopping
D. has been
17. Are you ______ the jacket these days?
A. wearing
B. putting on
C. dressing
D. pulling on。