norman conquest诺曼征服英国
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• Harold, after defeating his brother Tostig and Harald Hardrada in the north, left much of his force there and marched the rest of his army south to deal with the threatened Norman invasion.
2.William gave his barons large estates私有土地 in England.
3.These estates were scattered far and wide over the country, so that those who held them could not easily combine to rebel造反(zào fǎn) the king.
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Process
• The Normans crossed to England on 25 September 1066.
• They landed at Pevensey in Sussex on 28 September and erected a wooden castle at Hastings , from which they raided the surrounding area. This ensured supplies for the army.
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Influence
The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-
known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated没收 almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the Saxon rule with a
精品PPT
Consequences--Governmental systems :
Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established.
1.According to this system, the King owned all the land personally.
Harold II was killed in the battle—
legend has it that he was shot through the eye with an arrow.This battle is seen as the point at which William gained control of England.
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Consequences--about Language
The most striking influence of the conquest was shown in the language. The period of Middle English began soon after 1066. Since the French-speaking Normans were the ruling class, French was used for all state affairs and for most social and cultural matters; but the masses民众;劳动(láodòng)阶层 continued to speak English. Only towards the end of the fifteenth century did English become once more the language of the whole country. However, the language that emerged at that time showed vast and significant changes in the English vocabulary———the loss of a large part of the Old English word-stock and the adoption of thousands of French words.
3. The new language and literature.
(The Norman Conquest was the last invasion of England by foreigners. Since then no foreign invaders have ever set foot no this insular country.)
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大致(dàzhì)战事图
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The result of Norman conquest
• After that, on Christmas Day,1066, William was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey, known as William 1(1066-1087) of England. Norman control was soon established through the country.
Norman conquest of Britain
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Reasons
William the Conqueror
It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne王位 to William, but the Witan盎格鲁-撒克逊 时期(shíqī)的议会议员 chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey , thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.
strong Norman government. So the feudal system
was completely established in England. It largely removed the native ruling class贵族阶层(jiēcéng), replacing it with a foreign, French-speaking monarchy 君主制度, aristocracy贵族,统治阶级, and clerical神职人 员的 hierarchy等级制度. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce贸易 were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture建筑学 were introduced. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts民 事法庭.
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对于威廉这种人来说，这样的待遇当然不能忍， 于是(yúshì)，既然谈不拢，那就 战 吧！
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而彼时的英国忏悔者爱德华（Edward the Confessor） 刚刚逝世(shìshì)，死后无继承人，王位的归属引起了 极
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ大的纷争。
这便是“贝叶挂毯” 中的忏悔者爱德华， 他被称为 征服者威廉之前 (zhīqián)，英格兰 最伟大的明君。
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征服者威廉的出生地 法国(fǎ ɡuó)诺曼底 法莱斯城 堡
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尽管是非婚生子女，他
的父亲仍指定他为诺曼
底的继承人。这一身份
身份影响了他的早期生
涯。孩童时期，他的生
命常受到来自亲属的威
胁，他们认为自己拥有
更合法的继承权。当威
廉在沃德勒夷
（Vaudreuil）的城堡要
塞睡觉时，发生
(fāshēng)了一起针对他
的刺杀，当时刺客错误
的刺中了睡在威廉旁边 的孩子。
Bayeux Tapestry William
贝叶(bèi yè)挂毯（描述黑斯
廷斯战役的挂毯）上的征服者
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威廉
按照他的父亲的遗嘱，威廉在1035年7岁时即 位成为诺曼底公爵。敌对的诺曼贵族阴谋篡夺 威廉的地位，杀死了威廉的三位监护人 。然而 威廉得到法王亨利一世的支持。他在15岁时被 亨利封为骑士。到威廉19岁时他成功的处理了 叛乱和入侵的威胁。1047年，由于亨利的援助， 威廉在卡昂于瓦尔斯沙丘战役（Val-èsDunes）中击败(jībài)了叛乱的诺曼贵族，得 到了受罗马天主教会支持的“神圣休战”，最 终巩固了诺曼底的统治。
领疲惫的部队回援(huí yuán)并占领了通往伦敦路上的有利位 置。1066年10月14日英诺两军决战（黑斯廷斯之战），结果 英格兰军队战败，哈罗德二世本人亦战死。诺曼底公爵威廉进 入伦敦加冕为英格兰国王。
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(back)
Who is this man?
征服者 威廉一世， 维京海盗的后裔。 此公手不离剑， 剑 不离脖子， 实乃英 武(yīngwǔ)非常之 像 ，及出生时曾被 称为私生子威廉 （William the Bastard)
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Who is this man?
征服者威廉William the Conqueror亦称英格兰的威 廉一世（英文：William I of England 或诺曼底的威廉二 世（英文：William II of Normandy，法文： Guillaume II de Normandie），诺曼底公爵， 1066年起成为英格兰的第一 位诺曼人国王，直至1087年 9月9日逝世。因其非婚姻出 生(chūshēng)，他的敌人称 之为“杂种威廉”
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哈罗德·葛温森
哈罗德·葛温森（1022年－1066年10月14日），有时称为哈罗德二 世，盎格鲁－萨克逊王朝之韦塞克斯王国的末代君主（1066年在位）。
忏悔者爱德华去世后，王后之兄哈罗德即位。他的王位受到维京国王 哈拉尔德三世及诺曼底公爵私生子威廉的挑战。哈拉尔德三世首先入侵 了英格兰北部，哈罗德二世率领亲兵(qīn bīnɡ)组成的精锐急行军反击， 在1066年9月25日于斯坦姆福德桥战役中击败维京人，哈拉尔德三世阵 亡。诺曼底公爵威廉乘英军北上之机入侵了英格兰南部，直指伦敦，哈 罗德二世被迫率
Although the numbers on each side were probably about equal, William had both cavalry and infantry, including many archers, while Harold had only foot soldiers and few archers.
immediate lord直接地主, but also to the king.
精品PPT
Three Chief Effects of the Conquest
1. The bringing of Roman civilization to England.
2. The growth of nationality, a strong centralized government.
4.At the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeins隶农(lì nónɡ) or serfs农 奴. 5.One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all
landowners must take the oath誓约 of allegiance拥护，not only to their
精品PPT
Battle of Hastings
The Battle of Hastings was the
decisive Norman victory in the Norman Conquest of Britain.
It began at about 9 am on 14 October
1066 and lasted all day.
2.William gave his barons large estates私有土地 in England.
3.These estates were scattered far and wide over the country, so that those who held them could not easily combine to rebel造反(zào fǎn) the king.
精品PPT
精品PPT
Process
• The Normans crossed to England on 25 September 1066.
• They landed at Pevensey in Sussex on 28 September and erected a wooden castle at Hastings , from which they raided the surrounding area. This ensured supplies for the army.
精品PPT
Influence
The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-
known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated没收 almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the Saxon rule with a
精品PPT
Consequences--Governmental systems :
Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established.
1.According to this system, the King owned all the land personally.
Harold II was killed in the battle—
legend has it that he was shot through the eye with an arrow.This battle is seen as the point at which William gained control of England.
精品PPT
Consequences--about Language
The most striking influence of the conquest was shown in the language. The period of Middle English began soon after 1066. Since the French-speaking Normans were the ruling class, French was used for all state affairs and for most social and cultural matters; but the masses民众;劳动(láodòng)阶层 continued to speak English. Only towards the end of the fifteenth century did English become once more the language of the whole country. However, the language that emerged at that time showed vast and significant changes in the English vocabulary———the loss of a large part of the Old English word-stock and the adoption of thousands of French words.
3. The new language and literature.
(The Norman Conquest was the last invasion of England by foreigners. Since then no foreign invaders have ever set foot no this insular country.)
精品PPT
大致(dàzhì)战事图
精品PPT
The result of Norman conquest
• After that, on Christmas Day,1066, William was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey, known as William 1(1066-1087) of England. Norman control was soon established through the country.
Norman conquest of Britain
精品PPT
Reasons
William the Conqueror
It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne王位 to William, but the Witan盎格鲁-撒克逊 时期(shíqī)的议会议员 chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey , thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.
strong Norman government. So the feudal system
was completely established in England. It largely removed the native ruling class贵族阶层(jiēcéng), replacing it with a foreign, French-speaking monarchy 君主制度, aristocracy贵族,统治阶级, and clerical神职人 员的 hierarchy等级制度. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce贸易 were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture建筑学 were introduced. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts民 事法庭.
精品PPT
对于威廉这种人来说，这样的待遇当然不能忍， 于是(yúshì)，既然谈不拢，那就 战 吧！
精品PPT
而彼时的英国忏悔者爱德华（Edward the Confessor） 刚刚逝世(shìshì)，死后无继承人，王位的归属引起了 极
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ大的纷争。
这便是“贝叶挂毯” 中的忏悔者爱德华， 他被称为 征服者威廉之前 (zhīqián)，英格兰 最伟大的明君。
精品PPT
征服者威廉的出生地 法国(fǎ ɡuó)诺曼底 法莱斯城 堡
精品PPT
尽管是非婚生子女，他
的父亲仍指定他为诺曼
底的继承人。这一身份
身份影响了他的早期生
涯。孩童时期，他的生
命常受到来自亲属的威
胁，他们认为自己拥有
更合法的继承权。当威
廉在沃德勒夷
（Vaudreuil）的城堡要
塞睡觉时，发生
(fāshēng)了一起针对他
的刺杀，当时刺客错误
的刺中了睡在威廉旁边 的孩子。
Bayeux Tapestry William
贝叶(bèi yè)挂毯（描述黑斯
廷斯战役的挂毯）上的征服者
精品PPT
威廉
按照他的父亲的遗嘱，威廉在1035年7岁时即 位成为诺曼底公爵。敌对的诺曼贵族阴谋篡夺 威廉的地位，杀死了威廉的三位监护人 。然而 威廉得到法王亨利一世的支持。他在15岁时被 亨利封为骑士。到威廉19岁时他成功的处理了 叛乱和入侵的威胁。1047年，由于亨利的援助， 威廉在卡昂于瓦尔斯沙丘战役（Val-èsDunes）中击败(jībài)了叛乱的诺曼贵族，得 到了受罗马天主教会支持的“神圣休战”，最 终巩固了诺曼底的统治。
领疲惫的部队回援(huí yuán)并占领了通往伦敦路上的有利位 置。1066年10月14日英诺两军决战（黑斯廷斯之战），结果 英格兰军队战败，哈罗德二世本人亦战死。诺曼底公爵威廉进 入伦敦加冕为英格兰国王。
精品PPT
(back)
Who is this man?
征服者 威廉一世， 维京海盗的后裔。 此公手不离剑， 剑 不离脖子， 实乃英 武(yīngwǔ)非常之 像 ，及出生时曾被 称为私生子威廉 （William the Bastard)
精品PPT
Who is this man?
征服者威廉William the Conqueror亦称英格兰的威 廉一世（英文：William I of England 或诺曼底的威廉二 世（英文：William II of Normandy，法文： Guillaume II de Normandie），诺曼底公爵， 1066年起成为英格兰的第一 位诺曼人国王，直至1087年 9月9日逝世。因其非婚姻出 生(chūshēng)，他的敌人称 之为“杂种威廉”
精品PPT
哈罗德·葛温森
哈罗德·葛温森（1022年－1066年10月14日），有时称为哈罗德二 世，盎格鲁－萨克逊王朝之韦塞克斯王国的末代君主（1066年在位）。
忏悔者爱德华去世后，王后之兄哈罗德即位。他的王位受到维京国王 哈拉尔德三世及诺曼底公爵私生子威廉的挑战。哈拉尔德三世首先入侵 了英格兰北部，哈罗德二世率领亲兵(qīn bīnɡ)组成的精锐急行军反击， 在1066年9月25日于斯坦姆福德桥战役中击败维京人，哈拉尔德三世阵 亡。诺曼底公爵威廉乘英军北上之机入侵了英格兰南部，直指伦敦，哈 罗德二世被迫率
Although the numbers on each side were probably about equal, William had both cavalry and infantry, including many archers, while Harold had only foot soldiers and few archers.
immediate lord直接地主, but also to the king.
精品PPT
Three Chief Effects of the Conquest
1. The bringing of Roman civilization to England.
2. The growth of nationality, a strong centralized government.
4.At the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeins隶农(lì nónɡ) or serfs农 奴. 5.One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all
landowners must take the oath誓约 of allegiance拥护，not only to their
精品PPT
Battle of Hastings
The Battle of Hastings was the
decisive Norman victory in the Norman Conquest of Britain.
It began at about 9 am on 14 October
1066 and lasted all day.