江苏省名校高三英语复习专题十虚拟语气和情态动词

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
I 。

知识重点 掌握虚拟语气的概念，特别要掌握不同语境下，虚拟语气中主句与从句动词的变化形式以及掌握特殊句式中的虚拟语气。

II 。

知识呈现 虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be 动词的过去式用were ）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。

如： If I were a boy ， I would join the army. If the had time ， she should go with you 。

（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。

如： If he had taken my advice ， he would have succeeded in the competition 。

（3)表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to ） + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。

如； If it were to rain tomorrow ， the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。

如: If they had worked hard ， they would be very tired 。

(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：
条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词 与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be 用were) would/should/could/m ight + 动词原形 与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 would/should/could/m ight + 动词原形 注意：有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语"。

如： Were I a boy, I would join the army 。

Had he taken my advice ， he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain 。

注意：有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用otherwise, or ， without, but for 或分词短语、上下文来表示。

⑴、We didn ’t know his telephone number ； otherwise we would have telephoned him 。

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
⑵、Without you help，I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
⑶、But for your help, I would not have succeeded。

(4）、Having been given more money，we would have been to Hongkong instead of Dalian.
（5)、—-He would have failed in the experiment last time。

-—Luckily he followed your advice.
2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
（1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了"等。

表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来未能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”;表示过去未能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could（should) + have + 过去分词”。

如：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示命令、建议、要求等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用（should) + 动词原形或是动词原形.如：
She suggested we (should）leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated。

③would rather +宾语从句
I would rather I were a bird.（与现在情况相反,动词用过去式（be 用were））
I would rather that you hadn’t known it。

(与过去情况相反，动词用had+过去分词）
I would rather you came here tomorrow. (与将来情况相反,动词用过去式(be用were））
注意:suggest表“建议”insist 表“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，但当suggest表“暗示，表明”，insist 表“强调说”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气.如；
I suggest that we should clean our classroom。

Your pale face suggests that you are ill。

（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

作表示命令、建议、要求等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形".如：
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful。

My idea is that they （should)pay 100 dollars.
（3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用.
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形"的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等.如：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange，etc。

)that we should clean the room every day。

It was a pity (a shame，no wonder，etc。

）that you should be so careless.
It is desired（suggested，decided, ordered，requested, proposed, etc。

）that she should finish her homework this afternoon。

注意：这种从句表示的是事实.如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气。

反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气.如:
It is pity that you can't swim.
3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况,则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时.如：
He did it as if he were an expert。

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
注意：as if /as though 也可用于陈述语气，表示谈论可能或真实的事情。

如：
It looks as if I’m going to be busy.
(2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

这种从句常用于句型“It is (high/about)time (that）… ”中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were）或should + 动词原形，意思是“（现在)该……”。

如：
It’s time that I picked up my daughter.It’s high time we were going.
（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。

如：
If only I were a bird。

（现在) If only I had taken his advice。

（过去）If only the rain would stop。

（将来)
（4）虚拟语气用与“愿望、意图、打算等动词（hope、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose)的过去完成式+不定式一般式"的结构中
I'd intended to come over to see you last night，but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
（二）情态动词
I。

知识重点
熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法。

II。

情态动词的基本用法
（1)can、be able to 和could
①can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。

但can只有现在和过去时,而be able to则有更多的形式。

但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。

这时was/were able to 相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。

如：
Can you use chopsticks？
The wounded man was still able to get to the village and was saved in the end。

②can和could
can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。

但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could，回答时则用can。

如：
Could you help me carry the bag？Can I help you？
（2）may/might
①may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。

如：-Why isn’t he in class？
He may be sick。

（生病的可能性较大)
- He might be sick.（生病的可能性较小）
②may/might表示“允许"，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。

如：
He says we may leave. He said we might leave。

③may / might 表示建议或请求，但might比may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。

Yes, you can / may.
学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
-May / Might I use your bike? - No, you mustn't
（3）must
①must表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。

如:You must do everything as I do.
②must表示肯定的推测。

如：The light is still on, so he must be at home.
③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。

如：You mustn’t smoke in the office.（4）have to
have to 表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观)原因而“必须"，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。

have to的否定形式表示不必。

have to可用于多种时态中。

如：
You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.
I have to be at my office every evening.
（5）should / ought to
①should和ought to表示应当、应该，前者比后者语气轻.如: You should / ought to work hard.
②should / ought to work hard.
Since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom。

③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。

如：Children shouldn't smoke.
④should可表示陈述意见,推出建议或请求;而ought to可以表示劝告之意。

如：
You ought to respect your parents. He suggested that they should leave at once.
（6）will / would
①will 用于各种人称表示“意志"、“意愿”或“决心”等，否定式won’t + 动词.
如：I will tell you all about it。

Tom won't do such a thing.
②will用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问"如：
Will you please tell her the news when you see her？
③will 表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。

如：Fish will die out of water。

④would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。

如：
Would you please be quiet？Would you like coffee?
⑤would 表示过去反复发生的动作.如：
When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago。

（7)need
need 作“必要”讲,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。

作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to,其变化与一般动词相同。

如：
I need to think it over. -Need you go now？-Yes, I must./No, I needn’t
（8）dare
dare表示“敢”的意思.作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中.dare若作实义动词，后面可带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略.dare与need的用法相似。

如：
How dare you say that？She doesn’t date（to)ask her father。

（9）used to
used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。

如:
He used to smoke。

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
（10）shall
①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“承诺”、“命令"、“规定”、“警告”、“决心"等意思。

如: We shall do as our teacher says。

You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.
Each citizen shall carry his certification identification card when travelling.
②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。

如:
Where shall he wait for us? Shall we go out for a walk？
2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法
下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：
例如：Array It must have
rained last night.
She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home。

She can't be at home。

= It is impossible that she is at home.
They should be there right now。

注意：must表示推测的反意疑问句
当陈述部分为must+动词原形，表示对现在的推测时，附加疑问部分的谓语动词用一般现在时，如：
He must be in the classroom now, isn’t he？You must be from the south, aren’t you?
当陈述部分为must+have done，表示对过去的推测时，附加疑问部分的谓语要根据情况而定。

如:
He must have seen the film last night, didn't he？
He must have waited for a long time，hasn't he？
He must have been there yesterday, wasn’t he？
3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：(1)should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”,而shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”.如:
You should have told me about it earlier。

You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.
You ought to have told me about it earlier。

You ought not to have said such words to your parents.
(2)needn't have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。

如：
学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
You nee dn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough。

（3）could have done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。

如：
I could have come on time，but my car broke on the way.
III.高考真题
1。

(06江苏)-——I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
——— You _______。

You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.
A. will B。

may C. have to D。

should
2。

（07 全国）-How's your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
—It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A。

will B。

would C。

should D。

must
3. （07 上海）—Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.
—Great！You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it。

A。

must B. should C. must have D. should have
4。

（07 安徽)The teacher _______have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose. A。

should B. can C。

would D。

must
5。

(07 北京)In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you___take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C。

must D. will
6. （07 福建)My MP4 player isn’t in my ba g。

Where I have put it?
A。

can B.must C.should D。

would
7. (07 湖南)The biggest problem for most plants, which ________ just
get up and run away when threatened，is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t
B. can’t C。

needn’t D。

mustn't
8。

(07 江苏)—She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam。

—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all。

A. should B。

could C。

must D. might
9。

（07 江西）—Where is my dictionary？I remember I put it here yesterday。

—You it in the wrong place。

A。

must put B。

should have put C.might put D.might have put
10. （07 陕西）As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings
in the area 。

A。

need rcpairing B.needs to repair C.needs repairing D.need to repair
11。

(07 陕西)I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps I have driven her there.
A。

could B.must C.night D。

should 12. (07 上海春）The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow。

A．can’t B．mustn't C．needn't D．shouldn’t 13。

(07 四川）一What does the sign over there read?
一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or
pipe in this area．”
A．will B．may C．shall D。

must
14。

（07 浙江）—My cat’s really fat。

—You ______ have given her so much food.
A. wouldn’t B。

couldn’t C. shouldn’t
D. mustn’t
15. (07重庆)—What do you think we can do for our aged parents？
-You ___ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don’t have to
B. oughtn’t to C。

mustn’t D。

can’t
16. （07辽宁卷）—Turn off the TV，Jack. ____ your homework now?
—Mum, just ten more minutes, please.
A.Should you be doing B。

Shouldn't you be doing
C. Couldn't you be doing
D. Will you be doing
17.(08全国II) Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip —-- she hates traveling.
A。

will B. can C. must D。

may
18.(08上海春）When I was young，I was told that I ______ play with
matches
A。

wouldn’t B。

needn’t C。

mustn’t D. daren’t
19。

（08上海）According to the air traffic rules, you ______ switch off your mobile phone before boarding。

A. may B. can C。

would D. should
20。

（08天津)She ______ have left school，for her bike is still here。

A. can't
B. wouldn’t
C. shouldn’t D。

needn’t
21.（08重庆）——-I can’t find my purse anywhere。

—-—You have lost it while shopping。

A. may B。

can C。

should D. would
22。

(08辽宁)Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall
B. should C。

can D。

must
23。

（08山东）Thank you for all your hard work last week。

I don’t think we ______ it without you.
A。

can manage B。

could have managed C。

could manage D。

can have managed
24.(08江苏) -I’m sorry. I ___at you the other day。

—Forget it。

I was a bit out of control myself。

A。

shouldn’t shout B。

shouldn't have shouted
C。

mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
25.（08江西)What a pity。

Considering his ability and experience，he ____ better。

A。

need have done B. must have done C。

can have done D。

might have done
26。

(08浙江)You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two
hours ago！
A. wouldn’t B。

can't C。

mustn’t D。

needn't
27。

(08湖南）You don't have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ___ find the book by the title. A.must B. need C。

can D. would
28.(08陕西）--What sort of house do you want to have？Something big?
——Well，it be big-—that’s not important。

A。

mustn’t B. needn’t C. can't D. won't
29。

(08四川)Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed。

A。

must B。

may C. shall D. should
30.(08福建）It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it____be
rather cold sometimes.
A. must B。

can C。

should D。

would
31。

（09四川）—I don’t care what people think。

—Well，you _______
A. could B。

would C。

should D. might 32。

（09江苏)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.
A. could express B。

would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
33。

（09全国I )What do you mean, there are only ten tickets？There be twelve.
A。

should B. would C。

will D。

shall
34。

（09湖南）—It’s the office！So you __know eating is not allowed here. - Oh，sorry。

A。

must B. will C. may D. need
35.(09辽宁)The traffic is heavy these days. I arrive a bit late，so
could you save me a place？
A can
B must
C need
D might
36.（09全国II ）I can’t leave。

She told me that I _____ stay here until she comes back.
A。

can B. must C。

will D。

may
37。

(09浙江）The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
A wouldn’t
B couldn’t
C needn’t
D shouldn’t 38。

（09重庆）—Hi，Tom 。

Any idea where Jane is?
—She _____in the classroom 。

I saw her there just now.
A。

shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been
39。

（09北京）One of the few things you ___ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather。

A。

need B。

must C. should D。

can
40。

(09天津）This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense. A. would
学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
B. should C。

could D。

might
41. （05江苏）—Don’t you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami
but to New York?
—I agree, but the problem is ____ he has refused to。

A. will not be sent; that B。

not be sent; that
C. should not be sent；what D。

should not send; what
42。

(06湖北）_______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immedieately cut off.
A。

Would you be B。

Might you be C。

Could you be D。

Should you be
43。

（06 全国I）—There's no light on.—They___ be at home。

A.can’t B。

mustn’t C. needn't D。

shouldn’t
44.（06 全国II）We hope that as many people as possible ___ join us for the picnic tomorrow.
A. need B。

must C. should D. can 45。

(06 北京）-—-What’s the name？--— Khulaifi。

____ I spell that for you？
A.Shall
B. Would
C.Can D。

Might
46。

(06 天津)We ____ have proved great adventures, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years。

A. needn’t
B. may not C。

shouldn’t D. mustn’t
47.（06 上海）Black holes ___ not be seen directly，so determining the
number of them is a tough task. A。

can B. should C.
must D.need
48.(06 江苏）---I think I'll give Bob a ring.
—--You ____. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.
A.will B。

may C。

have to D.should 49。

(06 浙江）—Could I have a word with you，mum? —Oh, dear,if you ____。

A。

can B。

must C.may D.should 50.（06 福建）If it were not for the fact that she_____ sing, I would invite her to the party。

A。

couldn't B.shouldn't C.can't D。

might not 51。

（06 湖南）Some aspects of a pilot's job___ be boring, and pilots often ___ work at inconvenient hours。

A.can；have to B. may;can
C.have to；may
D.ought to；must
52.（06 广东）—Must he come to sign this paper himself? —Yes，he ______.
A。

need B。

must C.may D。

will
53.（06 山东）—May I smoke here？—If you____，choose a seat in the smoking section。

A.should B。

could C。

may D.must
54。

（06 江西）The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ___ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B。

could have taken C。

needn’t have taken
D. mustn’t have taken
55.(06 四川）—Is Jack on duty today？—It ______ be him. It’s his turn tomorrow.
A。

must n’t B.won’t C.can’t D。

needn't
56。

（06 陕西) As you worked late yesterday，you___ have come this morning.
学必求其心得，业必贵于专精
A. needn’t B。

mayn’t C. can’t D.mustn't
57。

（06 上海春季)You know he is not going to let us leave early if we ___ get the work done.
A. can’t B。

may not C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
58(05江苏）—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild
animals for 13 years before she returned. -Oh,dear！
She ____ a lot of difficulties！
A。

may go through B.might go through
C.ought to have gone through
D.must have gone through。