Optimization of Low Phosphorus Steel Production With Double Slag Process in BOF
影响转炉低碳钢冶炼脱磷的因素分析
影响转炉低碳钢冶炼脱磷的因素分析卓伟伟1,雷 强1,王庆祥1,尹振芝2(1.武汉科技大学钢铁冶金及资源利用省部共建教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430081;2.涟源钢铁(集团)公司第三炼钢厂,湖南娄底410000)摘 要:对渣2钢脱磷反应影响因素进行了理论分析和试验研究。
结果表明:磷在炉渣和钢水中的分配比随炉渣氧化性的增加而增加;在一定炉渣碱度范围内随着炉渣碱度的增加而增加,当碱度高到一定程度后,则随碱度的升高而下降;在一定的温度范围内随着温度的增加而增加,当温度高到一定程度后,则随温度的升高而下降。
关键词:顶底复吹转炉;低碳钢;脱磷;影响因素中图分类号:TF704.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:100121447(2008)0520009203Analysis on factors affecting low carbon steel dephosphorizationin converter smeltingZHUO Wei 2wei 1,L EI Qiang 1,WAN G Qing 2xiang 1,YIN Zhen 2zhi 2(1.Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Reso urces Utilization of Minist ry of Education ,Wuhan U niversity of Science and Technology ,Wuhan 430081,China ; 2.No.3Steelmaking Plant ,Lianyuan Iron and Steel Corp ,Loudi 410000,China )Abstract :Theoretical analysis and experimental research on factors affecting dep hosp ho 2rization between molten steel and slag are described in t his paper.The result s show t hat t he p ho sp horus partition ratio of t he slag 2steel increases wit h t he increase of oxidability ,basicity of slag.In t he condition of higher basicity of slag ,t he ratio decreases wit h t he in 2crease of slag basicity.As regard to t he influence of temperat ure on t he ratio ,t he ratio increases wit h t he increase of temperat ure to so me extent.In t he condition of higher temperat ure ,t he ratio decreases t he increase of temperat ure.K ey w ords :top 2bottom combined blowing co nverter ;low carbon steel ;dep hosp horiza 2tion ;influencing factors作者简介:卓伟伟(1984-),男,福建莆田人,硕士生,主要从事钢铁冶金方面的研究. 磷是一般钢种中有害元素之一。
机械类英语词汇中英文对照
actuation活动，激励，动作
L
additive附加的，加成的，添加的，添加剂
lag缓缓而行，滞后,落后于,押往监狱，加上外套
adequately充分地
lagos拉各斯，尼日利亚首都
affordable提供得起的
lathe车床
aggregate合计的，集合的
layer层,层次
assembly组合,装配,部件，汇编
atmospheric大气的，空气的
machinability切削加工型，机械加工性能
augment增加，扩大
machineframe机座，机架
austenite奥氏体
machinery机器，机械
austenitize奥氏体化，使成奥氏体
machining机械加工
above all尤其是，最重要的是，首先是
J
abrasion磨损
jacket水套
abut邻接,依靠
jerky急拉的，急动的
accessory附件
journal bearing滑动轴承
accommodate使适应
K
acetylene乙炔，电石气
kerosene煤油
activity connection活动连接
predominant卓越的，支配的，主要的,突出的，有影响的
coolant冷却剂，冷冻机
preference优先选择
coolant冷却液
prehistoric史前的，很久以前的
cooperation合作,协作
preliminary预备的，初步的
coordinate坐标
pressurize增压，给……加压
cut edge剪切刃
二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的摩擦化学反应机理及其替代品研究现状
第52卷第7期表面技术2023年7月SURFACE TECHNOLOGY·103·二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的摩擦化学反应机理及其替代品研究现状王艳艳，杜雪岭，刘卜瑜，赵海鹏（中国石化润滑油有限公司北京研究院，北京 100085）摘要：二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate，ZDDP）是目前润滑油中功能最全、应用最多的添加剂，因对环境有害致使其用量受到严格限制，深入理解ZDDP的摩擦化学反应机理对于推动润滑油技术发展具有重要意义。
首先，介绍了ZDDP的基本性能及应用，商用ZDDP是一种复杂的混合物，每一种组分的类型或比例变化都会影响其使用性能。
其次，概述了ZDDP摩擦化学反应机理的研究进展，重点论述了温度、应力（接触应力、剪切应力）、湿度、ZDDP烷基结构、配副材质（金属、非金属）和形貌等因素对ZDDP摩擦化学反应过程及摩擦膜摩擦磨损性能的影响，分析了ZDDP摩擦化学反应的主要驱动因素。
此外，从开发不同于ZDDP结构的新型添加剂（纳米粒子、离子液体等）和改进分子结构与ZDDP相似的低或无硫磷添加剂两个方面总结了ZDDP替代品研制的主要成果以及实现工业化应用需要解决的问题。
最后，对ZDDP的未来发展方向进行了展望，ZDDP自身结构性能优化、与新材料或新涂层的摩擦兼容性能、与新型添加剂的复配性能以及从微纳尺度深入探究ZDDP摩擦化学反应机理将成为研究人员关注的重点。
关键词：ZDDP；抗磨损；摩擦化学反应；摩擦膜；替代品中图分类号：TH117 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2023)07-0103-14DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2023.07.008Research Status of Tribochemical Reaction Mechanism andAlternative of Zinc DialkyldithiophosphateWANG Yan-yan, DU Xue-ling, LIU Bu-yu, ZHAO Hai-peng(Beijing Research Institute, Sinopec Lubricant Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China)ABSTRACT: Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) has been successfully used for seven decades in engine oil not only because of its cost-effectiveness but also for its multifunctional behaviors acting as antioxidant, extreme pressure and antiwear additive.In recent decades, however, there is progressive reduction in the levels of permitted phosphorus and sulphur in engine oil which apparently leads to a reduction in the use of ZDDP. A thorough understanding of the tribochemical reaction mechanism of ZDDP is significant to the development of lubricating technology. The characteristics and applications of ZDDP were introduced, and the research progress on the tribochemical reaction mechanism and alternatives of ZDDP was discussed. Commercial ZDDP is a complex mixture and its performances vary with the type or proportion of each component. Therefore, the selection of suitable收稿日期：2022–05–17；修订日期：2023–02–16Received：2022-05-17；Revised：2023-02-16作者简介：王艳艳（1989—），女，博士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为润滑油。
大型转炉低硅铁水炼钢研究_杨文远
第40卷 第8期 2005年8月钢铁Iron and SteelV ol.40,No.8August 2005大型转炉低硅铁水炼钢研究杨文远1, 吴文东1, 王明林1, 石洪志2, 王 涛2(1.钢铁研究总院冶金工艺研究所,北京100081; 2.宝山钢铁股份有限公司技术中心,上海201900)摘 要:针对转炉低硅铁水炼钢成渣困难,渣量少不利于脱磷,容易产生粘枪、粘烟罩等问题,在吹炼过程中加入适量熔剂,枪位稍高于正常含硅铁水炼钢,设计化渣效果好、喷溅少的多孔喷头。
低硅铁水炼钢化学热减少,可减少矿石、废钢用量,保证熔池金属正常的升温速度。
低硅铁水炼钢可以实现少渣炼钢,有利于减少石灰消耗和提高金属收得率。
关键词:低硅铁水;成渣;脱磷;化学热中图分类号:T F 729.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0449-749X(2005)08-0022-04Study on Steelmaking with Hot Metal ContainingLow Silicon in Large ConverterYAN G Wen -yuan 1, WU Wen -dong 1, WAN G Ming -lin 1, SH I H ong -zhi 2, WANG T ao 2(1.M eta llur gical Depa rtment,Cent ral Iron and Steel Resear ch Institute,Beijing 100081,China;2.T echnical Center,Bao shan Ir on and Steel Co.,L td.,Shanghai 201900,China)Abstract:Steelmaking w ith hot metal containing low silicon in co nv erter is difficult because of sho rt of heat,slow lime melting slag fo rmatio n,less slag for depho sphor izatio n and slag adhesion on ox yg en lance and hoo d.T hus a p -pro priate flux should be added,the lance positio n should be increased slightly compar ing with that dur ing steelmak -ing w ith ho t metal containing nor mal silicon and effectiv e mult-i hole nozzle should be used fo r slag format ion and splashing elimination.In or der to keep t he nor mal heating rate,t he o re and scrap amount should be reduced due to less chemical heat input in steelmaking w ith ho t metal co ntaining low silico n.Sma ller slag vo lume in steelmaking wit h hot met al containing low silicon will benefit to reduce the consumption o f lime and incr ease metal yield.Key words:ho t metal containing low silicon;fo rmation of slag ;depho sphor ization;chemical heat作者简介:杨文远(1935-),男,大学本科,教授级高级工程师; E -mail:wang -ml@ ; 修订日期:2004-11-10由于高炉喷煤量增加、焦比降低和利用系数提高,宝山钢铁股份有限公司的铁水硅的质量分数有明显降低。
发酵优化 英语
发酵优化英语Fermentation optimizationFermentation is a process that involves the conversionof carbohydrates into alcohols, acids, and gases by using microorganisms such as yeast, bacteria, or fungi. This process is widely used in the production of variousproducts such as beer, wine, yogurt, and biofuels. Fermentation optimization is crucial in ensuring the efficiency and quality of the final product. In thisarticle, we will discuss the various factors and techniques involved in fermentation optimization.1. Selection of microorganismsThe selection of the right microorganism is crucial in fermentation optimization. Different microorganisms have different metabolic pathways and environmental requirements. For example, in beer production, Saccharomyces cerevisiaeis commonly used for its ability to efficiently ferment sugars and produce alcohol. In yogurt production, lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus are used for their ability toproduce lactic acid. Therefore, understanding the metabolic capabilities and requirements of different microorganismsis essential in selecting the most suitable strain for the desired fermentation process.2. Substrate concentrationThe concentration of the substrate, or the starting material for fermentation, plays a critical role in the efficiency of the process. In general, a higher substrate concentration can lead to higher product yields. However, high substrate concentrations can also lead to inhibitory effects on the microorganisms, as well as increased viscosity of the fermentation broth. Therefore, it is important to optimize the substrate concentration to achieve a balance between high product yields and minimal inhibitory effects.3. pH and temperature controlMaintaining the optimal pH and temperature conditions is essential for the growth and activity of the microorganisms involved in fermentation. Different microorganisms have different pH and temperature optima, and deviations from these optima can lead to reduced fermentation efficiency.Therefore, it is important to monitor and control the pH and temperature throughout the fermentation process to ensure the optimal conditions for the microorganisms.4. Aeration and agitationProper aeration and agitation of the fermentation broth are essential for providing the microorganisms with oxygen and mixing the substrate for uniform exposure to the microorganisms. Aeration provides the necessary oxygen for aerobic microorganisms, while agitation helps in maintaining a uniform distribution of nutrients and preventing the formation of localized high or low concentration zones. Therefore, optimizing the aeration and agitation conditions is crucial for maximizing the efficiency of the fermentation process.5. Nutrient supplementationMicroorganisms require various nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and vitamins for their growth and metabolism. In some cases, the substrate may not contain sufficient amounts of these nutrients, leading to suboptimal fermentation performance. Therefore, it is important to supplement the fermentation broth with thenecessary nutrients to ensure the optimal growth and activity of the microorganisms.6. Monitoring and control of fermentation parametersContinuous monitoring and control of fermentation parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and substrate concentration are essential for ensuring the stability and efficiency of the fermentation process. Various online and offline analytical techniques such as pH meters, dissolved oxygen sensors, and HPLC analysis can be used for monitoring the fermentation parameters. Based on the monitoring data, appropriate control strategies can be implemented to maintain the optimal conditions for the microorganisms.7. Scale-up considerationsWhen scaling up fermentation processes from laboratory scale to industrial scale, various factors such as mixing, heat transfer, and mass transfer become more critical. The design and operation of larger fermentation vessels need to consider these factors to ensure uniformity and efficiency of the fermentation process. Therefore, it is important to carefully evaluate and optimize the scale-up parameters toachieve consistent and reliable fermentation performance at the industrial scale.综合上述所述内容，发酵优化是确保发酵过程高效和产品质量的关键步骤。
南通市人民政府关于公布南通市第十二届自然科学优秀学术论文的通知
南通市人民政府关于公布南通市第十二届自然科学优秀学术论文的通知文章属性•【制定机关】南通市人民政府•【公布日期】2021.08.27•【字号】通政发〔2021〕28号•【施行日期】2021.08.27•【效力等级】地方规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】科技成果与知识产权正文市政府关于公布南通市第十二届自然科学优秀学术论文的通知各县（市、区）人民政府，市各直属园区管委会，市各委、办、局，市各直属单位：近年来，全市上下深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于科技创新的重要论述，着力构建“如鱼得水、如鸟归林”的一流创新生态，注重发挥科技人员的积极性和创造性，鼓励科技人员进行理论创新和实践创新，取得了较好成绩。
2019~2020年度，全市科技人员结合南通实际，撰写并在省级以上刊物发表了一大批基础科学和工程技术科学领域的学术论文，为推进科技创新工程作出了积极贡献。
经南通市自然科学优秀学术论文奖评审委员会认真评审，并向社会公示，共评出南通市第十二届自然科学优秀学术论文119篇，现将获奖论文名单予以公布。
希望各地、各部门、各单位和全市广大科技工作者切实担负起新时代科技创新责任与使命，自觉投身我市高质量发展生动实践，奋力谱写无愧于时代的壮丽篇章，为“强富美高”新南通建设贡献智慧和力量。
附件：南通市第十二届自然科学优秀学术论文奖获奖名单南通市人民政府2021年8月27日附件南通市第十二届自然科学优秀学术论文奖获奖名单（共119篇）一等奖（共12篇）1.紫菜番茄红素环化酶的功能研究阐明了红藻的叶黄素合成过程（Functional characterization of lycopene cyclases illustrates the metabolic pathway toward lutein in red algal seaweeds）邓银银（江苏省海洋水产研究所）、程璐、王齐2.串联式细纱机短车集落改造技术探讨及应用效果分析吉宜军（南通双弘纺织有限公司）、夏春明、吕兴明3.靶向递送siVEGF的仿病毒壳聚糖胶束和FRET技术追踪下的酸触发释药过程（Virus Mimetic Shell-Sheddable Chitosan Micelles for siVEGF Delivery and FRET-Traceable Acid-Triggered Release）张胜喻（南通市海门区人民医院）、干烨、邵兰兰4.精神应激-糖皮质激素-tsc22d3信号通路抑制肿瘤治疗诱导的抗肿瘤免疫应答（Stress–glucocorticoid–TSC22D3 axis compromises therapy-induced antitumor immunity）陈健（南通市肿瘤医院）、马瑜婷、杨衡5.1ncRNA Gm10451靶向miR-338-3p调控PTIP促进胰岛类β细胞体外分化的机制研究（1ncRNA Gm10451 regulates PTIP to facilitate iPSCs-derived β-like cell differentiation by targeting miR-338-3p as a ceRNA）黄（南通大学附属医院）、徐阳、陆玉华6.大跨度钢桥沥青混凝土面层疲劳寿命损伤演化新规律（New damage evolution law for modeling fatigue life of asphalt concrete surfacing of long-span steel bridge）徐勋倩（南通大学）、杨霄、黄卫7.元麦麸皮羧甲基β-葡聚糖的制备及其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性和机理研究（Synthesis of carboxymethylated β-glucan from naked barley bran and its antibacterial activity an d mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus）宋居易（江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所）、陈惠、魏亚凤8.基于最近邻模因组量子粒子群算法的深度神经-感知模糊属性协同约简（Deep neuro-cognitive co-evolution for fuzzy attribute reduction by quantum leaping PSO with nearest-neighbor memeplexes）丁卫平（南通大学）、Chin-Teng Lin、Zehong Cao9.血糖响应控制释放-红细胞载药平台的构建及解决肿瘤乏氧提高放疗效果研究（Overcoming Hypoxia-Restrained Radiotherapy Using an Erythrocyte-Inspired and Glucose-Activatable Platform）夏栋林（南通大学）10.激光冲击诱发镍基高温合金GH202渗铝涂层高温氧化性能的提升（Laser shock processing improving the high temperature oxidation resistanceof the aluminized coating on GH202 by pack cementation）曹将栋（江苏航运职业技术学院）11.“封城”措施遏制中国黄石市新冠疫情发展——早期流行病学发现（Lockdown Contained the Spread of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseas e in Huangshi City,China:EarlyEpidemiological Findings）秦刚（南通市第三人民医院）、纪托、陈海莲12.无单元伽辽金法在船体开孔板格弹性屈曲分析中的应用杨源（南通中远海运川崎船舶工程有限公司）、莫中华、孙启荣二等奖（共24篇）1.通过具有联合稀疏性的堆叠式深度嵌入式回归进行脑电特征选择（EEG Feature Selection via Stacked Deep Embedded Regression Wit h Joint Sparsity）蒋葵（南通大学）、唐嘉茜、王宇龙2.有序介孔五氧化二铌/氮掺杂氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及光催化性能（Structure Retentively Synthesis of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Nb 2O5/N-Doped Graphene Nanocomposite with Superior Interfacial Contacts a nd Improved Visible Photocatalysis）黄徽（南通职业大学）、周君、周杰3.聚合硅酸铁钛混凝剂的表征及其处理分散和活性印染废水的研究（Characterization and application of poly-ferric-titanium-silicate-sulfate in disperse and reactive dye wastewaters treatment）石健（南通大学）、万杨4.利用锌指介导的蛋白标记方法揭示膜蛋白复合体的亚基几何构型（Zinc-finger-mediated labeling reveals the stoichiometry of membrane proteins ）XXX盛（南通大学）、Maximilian H. Ulbrich5.用于下一代设备的功能性2D MXene纳米结构的最新进展（Recent Advances in Functional 2D MXene-Based Nanostructures for Next-Generation Devices）黄卫春（南通大学）、胡兰萍、汤艳峰6.矿物质粉尘诱导基因在肿瘤外在调节作用的新发现（New discoveries of mdig in the epigenetic regulation of cance rs）施军卫（南通市第六人民医院）7.脑卒中患者早期肌力训练的最佳证据总结陈晓艳（南通大学附属医院）、王娅、仲悦萍8.严重创伤患者谵妄发生风险预测模型的构建吉云兰（南通大学附属医院）、徐旭娟、单君9.直流电场干扰对γ-FeOOH向α-FeOOH转变的抑制作用加速碳钢在模拟工业大气环境中的腐蚀速率（The Suppression of transformation of γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH accelerating the steel corrosion in simulated industrial a tmospheric environment with a DC electric field interference）顾剑锋（南通科技职业学院）、肖轶、戴念维10.养老机构照护服务质量评价指标的构建及信效度检验耿桂灵（南通大学）、高晶、肖玉华11.低频交变电磁疗法结合计算机辅助认知训练对脑卒中患者康复的影响胡永林（南通市第二人民医院）、陈晓磊、华永萍12.代谢相关基因FDFT1和UQCR5在CLM中表达和突变的双重调控机制（Dual Regulatory Mechanisms of Expression and Mutation Involving Metabolism-Related Genes FDFT1 and UQCR5 during CLM）吴徐明（南通市第四人民医院）、刘继斌13.绿色合成具有强磁性的复合石墨烯气凝胶用于有效的水修复（Green Synthesis of Composite Graphene Aerogels with Robust Mag netism for Effective Water Remediation）刘其霞（南通大学）、胡世棋、杨智联14.响应面法优化蒲公英根多糖的提取工艺、结构表征及抗氧化活性（Optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from dandelion roo t by response surface methodology: Structural characterization an dantioxidant activity）蔡亮亮（南通大学附属医院）、陈伯华、易芳莲15.异质结和磷掺杂协同提升氮化碳光催化降解抗生素废水性能的研究（Boosting Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotic Wastewater by Synergy Effect of Heterojunction and Phosphorus Doping）周杰（南通职业大学）16.基于弹塑性减震曲线的黏滞阻尼器减震加固结构设计方法研究（Design method of structural retrofitting using viscous dampers based on elastic-plastic response reduction curve）沈华（南通职业大学）、张瑞甫、翁大根17.p-Ag2O/n-Nb2O5分级结构异质结微球制备及其光催化性能研究（Facile fabrication of hierarchical p-Ag2O/n-Nb2O5 heterojunction microspheres with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity）王璐（南通职业大学）、李亚、韩萍芳18.益气养阴方联合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的荟萃分析与系统回顾（Chinese herbal medicines of supplementing Qi and nourishing Yi n combined with chemotherapy for non–small cell lung cancer: A meta‐analysis and systematic review）沈水杰（南通市中医院）、姜水菊19.B/Bax/Caspase-3通路调控脑出血后神经元凋亡（GATA-4 regulates neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage via the NF- B/Bax/Caspase-3 pathway both in vivo and in vitro GATA-4蛋白通过NF-κ）徐辉（南通市第六人民医院）20.海马PPARα参与文拉法辛对小鼠的抗抑郁样作用（Hippocampal PPARαis involved in the antidepressant-like effects of venlafaxine in mice）陈诚（南通市第六人民医院）、吴中华、沈剑虹21.中国帕金森病患者血清SIRT1下降——一项病例对照研究（Reduced serum SIRT1 levels in patients with Parkinson’s disea se:a cross-sectional study in China）朱向阳（南通市第一人民医院）、朱羽婷、周永22.半潜式起重拆解平台重型吊机基座疲劳损伤分析陈文科〔招商局重工（江苏）有限公司〕、来海华、张时运23.高维分位数回归模型的纠偏和分布式估计（Debiasing and distributed estimation for high-dimensional quantile regression）赵为华（南通大学）、Zhang Fode、Lian Heng24.携带myocilin基因Val25lAla突变的中国青光眼大家系临床表型研究（Glaucoma phenotype in a large Chinese family with myocilin Va l25lAla mutation）陆宏（南通大学附属医院）、徐绘、陈颖三等奖（共83篇）1.低成本且价态丰富的铜-铁-硫-氧多孔纳米簇在碱性或近中性电解质中驱动出色节能的碳酰肼氧化反应（Low-cost valence-rich copper–iron–sulfur–oxygen porous nanocluster that drives an exceptional energy-saving carbohydrazide oxidization reaction in alkali and near-neutral electrolytes）王艳青（南通大学）、李岳濛、丁丽萍2.一个核糖体DNAl来源的microRNA调控斑马鱼胚胎血管新生（A ribosomal DNA-hosted microRNA regulates zebrafish embryonic angiogenesis）石运伟（南通大学）、段旭初、许广敏3.高表达的MIR106A-5p可抑制自噬并促进鼻咽癌的恶性进展（MIR106A-5p upregulation suppresses autophagy and accelerates malignant ph enotype in nasopharyngeal carcinoma）游波（南通大学附属医院）、尤易文、张启成4.可以查询肿瘤表型及免疫微环境相关性的DNA调控元件网络平台（SPACE: a web server for linking chromatin accessibility with clinical phenotypes and the immune microenvironment in pan-cancer analysis）范义辉（南通大学）、吴英成5.各向异性沟脊微结构调节雪旺细胞形态和生物功能的研究（Anisotropic ridge/groove microstructure for regulating morphology and biological function of Schwann cells）李贵才（南通大学）、赵雪莹、张鲁中6.Bi(OH)3修饰Pt纳米框架的精准构筑及其催化乙醇氧化研究（Porous Pt nanoframes decorated with Bi(OH)3 as highly efficien t and stable electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation reaction）袁小磊（南通大学）、蒋孛、曹暮寒7.BDH2通过促进Nrf2泛素化在胃癌中触发ROS诱导的细胞死亡和自噬（BDH2 triggers ROS-induced cell death and autophagy by promoting Nrf2 ubiquitinatio n in gastric cancer）刘家洲（南通大学附属医院）、毛勤生、薛万江8.LncRNA H19过表达通过miR-29b-3p靶向MCL-1诱导多发性骨髓瘤对硼替佐米耐药（LncRNA H19 overexpression induces bortezomib resistance in mult iple myeloma by targeting MCL-1 via miR-29b-3p）潘亚芳（南通大学附属医院）、丛辉、陈宏梅9.风电接入系统的低碳电力调度策略优化（Optimization of power dispatching strategies integrating managem ent attitudes with low carbon factors）金晶亮（南通大学）、李晨宇、温晴岚10.基于纳米粒修饰的中性粒细胞的高灵敏“活”探针用于精准肿瘤影像诊断（A highly sensitive living probe derived from nanoparticle-remodeled neutrophils for precision tumor imaging diagnosi）邱钱赛（南通市肿瘤医院）、冯峰、温亚11.ABHD6通过调控单酰甘油的脂解影响非小细胞肺癌的发病机制（Enhanced monoacylglycerol lipolysis by ABHD6 promotes NSCLC pat hogenesis）汤志远（南通大学附属医院）、倪松石12.新生对比成年大鼠源性星形胶质细胞对神经干细胞的增殖影响及其机制研究（Effects and Mechanism of Action of Neonatal Versus Adult Astr ocytes on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation After Traumatic Brain Injury）戴勇（南通大学附属医院）、孙非凡、朱慧13.启东:肝癌病因学和预防研究的熔炉（Qidong: A Crucible for Studies on Liver Cancer Etiology and Prevention）陈建国（启东肝癌防治研究所）、朱健、王高仁14.长链非编码RNA ANRIL通过表观抑制ERRFI1基因的表达促进胆管癌恶性进展（Long non-coding RNA ANRIL promotes the malignant progression of cholangiocarcinoma by epigenetically repressing ERRFI1 expression）于洋（南通市肿瘤医院）、陈俏羽、张珣磊15.血清半乳糖凝集素-3可以作为胰腺癌筛查、早期诊断、预后和疗效评价的生物标记物（Serum galectin-3 as a biomarker for screening, early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic effect evaluation of pancreatic cancer）易楠（南通大学附属医院）、赵絮影、江枫16.表观遗传调控机制在丙戊酸抑制肝星状细胞激活中的交互作用：蛋白质组和miRNA表达谱的整合研究（Crosstalk between Epigenetic Modulations in Valproic Acid Deact ivated Hepatic Stellate Cells: An Integrated Protein and miRNA Profiling Study）陆鹏（南通大学）、颜民、何理17.hsa_circ_0005785通过miR-578/APRIL轴促进肝细胞癌的细胞生长和转移的研究（Upregulated hsa_circ_0005785 Facilitates Cell Growth andMetastasi s of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through the miR-578/APRIL Axis）陈琳（南通市第三人民医院）、王峰、吴安琪18.长非编码RNA NR_027471作为miRNA-8055的竞争性内源RNA通过调节TP53INP1的表达抑制骨肉瘤的生长（LncRNA NR_027471 Functions as a ceRNA for miRNA-8055 Leading to Suppression of Osteosarcoma by Regulating the E xpression of TP53INP1）陈佳佳（南通市第一人民医院）、缪吴军、杨赛帅19.第二代不可逆性表皮生长受体抑制剂——阿法替尼氧化还原敏感脂质聚合物纳米粒用于非小细胞肺癌靶向给药系统的体内外评价（Non-small cell lung cancer-targeted,redox-sensitive lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for the delivery of a second-generation irreversible epidermal growth factor inhibitor—Afatinib: In vitro and in vivo evaluation）王金丽（南通大学附属医院）、苏高星、殷晓芹20.未知控制方向下高阶非线性多智能体系统一致性分布式控制（Consensus control of higher-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with unknown control directions）张智华（江苏航运职业技术学院）、王朝立、蔡轩21.慢性吗啡诱导小鼠脊髓环磷酸腺苷的形成和超极化激活环核苷酸门控通道的表达（Chronic morphine induces cyclic adenosine monophosphate formatio n and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel expression in the spinal cord of mic）袁林（南通市通州区人民医院）、骆利敏、马霞青22.胰腺癌来源血清外泌体的特征和蛋白质组学分析（Characterization and proteomic profiling of pancreaticcancer-derived serum exosomes）江枫（南通大学附属医院）、倪温慨、朱净23.人类活动背景下江苏近岸海域（中国东部）海洋生物价值评价研究（The evaluation of marine biological value of the Jiangsu coas tal zone (east of China) under the interference of human activities）于雯雯（江苏省海洋水产研究所）、邹欣庆、张东菊24.一种新的逆转录环介导的恒温扩增方法用于快速检测SARS-CoV-2 （A Novel Reverse Tranion Loop-Mediated Isothermal Ampli？cationMethod for Rapid Detection）陆仁飞（南通市第三人民医院）、武秀明、万郑州25.刺激性干预在老年创伤性颅脑损伤昏迷患者中的应用顾宇丹（南通大学附属医院）、费雅雅、秦殊26.丙氨酸乙醛酸-丝氨酸丙酮酸氨基转移酶低表达促进肝细胞肝癌演进和预后不良（Loss of alanine-glyoxylate and serine-pyruvate aminotransferase expression accelerated the progression o f hepatocellular carcinoma and predicted poor prognosis）孙玉风（南通大学）、李文超、沈诗琪27.在非酒精性脂肪性肝中CCN1促进肝脏脂肪变性和炎症（CCN1 promotes hepatic steatosisand inflammation in non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis）居林玲（南通市第三人民医院）、孙燕、薛红28.CD14在结直肠癌中的临床和免疫特征的大样本的分析（The clinical and immune features of CD14 in colorectalcancer identified vialage-scale analysis）陈达天（南通市海门区人民医院）29.用于电池充电的谐振变换器设计及其CC-CV输出特性研究（Resonant Converter for Battery Charging Applications With CC-CV Output Profiles）王书昶〔海迪科（南通）光电科技有限公司〕、刘玉申、王雪峰30.肾母细胞瘤基因（WT1）通过调控E-cadherin和ERK1/2信号通路促进卵巢癌进展（Wilms’tumor 1 (WT1) promotes ovarian cancer progression by regulating E-cadherin and ERK1/2 signaling）韩云（南通市第一人民医院）、宋超、张婷婷31.基于共价组装的荧光探针用于活细胞中hNQO1的检测与成像（Covalent-Assembly Based Fluorescent Probes for Detection of hNQO1 and Im aging in Living Cells）韩佳玲（南通市海门区人民医院）32.黏膜相关恒定T细胞在乙肝病毒相关肝衰竭中的表达（Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in hepatitis B virus-related liver failure）卞兆连（南通市第三人民医院）、薛红、李晗33.以医院为基础的肿瘤登记系统资料收集过程中常见问题辨析潘敏侠（江苏省南通卫生高等职业技术学校）、陈海珍、沈茜34.由华北污染物区域输送引起的一次江苏污染天气分析（Cold fronts transport features of North China pollutant over Jiangsu Province, China）顾沛澍（南通市气象局）、钱俊龙、刘端阳35.一类适用于血浆浓度预测的基于自记忆算法的非线性灰色Bernoulli组合模型（A prediction method for plasma concentration by using a nonli near grey Bernoulli combined model based on a self-memory algorithm）郭晓君（南通大学）、刘思峰、Yingjie Yang36.一种去除细菌生物膜的聚酯基伤口清创材料（A textile pile debridement material consisting of polyester fi bers for in vitro removal of biofilm）付译鋆（南通大学）、安琪、成悦37.基于热刺激驻极的高过滤效率稳定性聚丙烯熔喷非织造材料（Design of Polypropylene Electret Melt Blown Nonwovens with Sup erior Filtration Efficiency Stability through Thermally Stimulated Charging）张海峰（南通大学）、刘诺、曾倩茹38.基于高通量测序的舌癌转录组学研究（Tranome analysis of tongue cancer based on high throughput se quencing）汤明明（南通市肿瘤医院）、韩靓39.玉米苞叶数目和长度的遗传解析及苞叶数目主效QTL的精细定位（Genetic dissection of husk number and length across multiple environments and fine-mapping of a major-effect QTL for husk number in maize (Zea may L.)）周广飞（江苏沿江地区农科所）、冒宇翔、薛林40.并行框架下大数据挖掘的改进K-Means聚类算法（Improved K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Big Data Mining under Hadoop Par allel Framework.Hadoop）陆维嘉（南通大学附属医院）41.木板抓取机器人手眼标定方法徐呈艺（南通职业大学）、刘英、贾民平42.考虑应力——锈胀开裂动态相互作用的钢筋混凝土构件耐久性劣（Durability of Reinforced Concrete Members Considering the Dynam ic Interaction of Stress-Corrosion Expansion and Cracking）戴丽（南通理工学院）、吴旭、刘荣桂43.超声辅助双水相萃取虎杖酶解液中的白藜芦醇（Ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of resveratrol from the enzymatic hydrolysates of Poly-gonum cuspidatum）周林芳（江苏工程职业技术学院）、江波、张涛44.Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb新型β钛合金超声冲击纳米化后的疲劳性能（Effect of Ultrasonic Surface Impact on the Fatigue Properties of Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb）曹小建（南通大学）、徐小丽45.角度可控性斜坡支架在经皮肾镜手术中的应用（Application of angle controllable slope stent in percutaneousne phrolithotomy）毛秋月（南通市第一人民医院）、陈黎敏46.南通地区住宅使用分户式地源热泵系统设计和运行分析邹丽丽（南通国能制冷空调技术有限公司）、吴志华、杨晓宏47.FGF21通过抑制神经炎症保护帕金森模型中多巴胺能神经元的研究（FGF21 Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson’s Disease Mod els Via Repression of Neuroinflammation）连博琳（南通大学）、孙诚、房星星48.基于形态联合约束的结直肠肿瘤病理图像分割研究（Multiple Morphological Constraints-Based Complex Gland Segmentation in Colorectal Cancer Pathology Image Analysis）张堃（南通大学）、付君红、华亮49.针刺配合呼吸训练在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期病人中的应用王小琴（海安市人民医院）50.卵巢切除诱导大鼠前额叶皮质小胶质细胞活化和炎症反应加速慢性应激介导的焦虑和抑郁机制研究（Ovariectomy Induces Microglial Cell Activation and Inflammatory Response in Rat Prefrontal Cortices to Accelerate the Chronic Unpredictable Stress-Mediated Anxiety and Depression）葛飞（海安市中医院）、刘丽娜、严晶51.个别差异与交通要素对儿童在虚拟交通情境中过马路行为的影响（Roles of individual differences and traffic environment factors on children’s street-crossing behaviour in a VR environment）王华容（南通大学）、高瞻、沈婷52.双面神亲／疏水锌箔制备及其气泡运输特性肖轶（南通职业大学）、孟东、徐呈艺53.中西医结合治疗急性哺乳期乳腺炎并脓肿形成临床疗效观察乔楠（南通市中医院）、丁晓雯、倪毓生54.改良腰腹肌康复锻炼对经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术后患者的影响郭玲（海安市中医院）、田春燕、邵月琴55.轴影响阿尔茨海默病的发生发展（LncRNA ZBTB20-AS1靶向miR-132-3p/MAPT）李文玲（南通大学附属医院）、陈伯华、徐新56.水稻种植对沿海滩涂土壤有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响张蛟（江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所）、崔士友、胡帅栋57.文蛤CDK1基因克隆及其在早期生长阶段中的差异表达陈素华（江苏省海洋水产研究所）、吴杨平、陈爱华58.解毒消瘿汤治疗亚急性甲状腺炎热毒壅盛证临床疗效及对血清炎性因子水平的影响张允申（南通市中医院）、方勇、丁晓雯59.C反应蛋白及降钙素原在血流细菌感染诊断中的应用价值沈旭峰（如东县中医院）60.不同形式冷空气侵入台风暴雨过程对比分析张树民（南通市气象局）、吴海英、王坤61.基于第一性原理的锰掺杂二维二硫族化物的电磁学特性研究卿晓梅（南通理工学院）、镇思琦62.污水处理厂达标尾水导流排江可行性研究——以南通市益民污水处理厂为例张云（江苏省水文水资源勘测局南通分局）、蔡彬彬63.有极小边界的非负Bakry-émery Ricci曲率流形（Manifolds with non-negative Bakry-émery Ricci curvature and minimal boundary）杨宁（南通师范高等专科学校）64.del Nido心脏停搏液在成人冠脉动脉旁路移植联合瓣膜置换手术中的安全性姜秀丽（南通市第一人民医院）、顾天玉、刘麟65.固定卡座级进模设计孟玉喜（南通开放大学）、李强66.用好河长制“金钥匙”打造农民身边“幸福河”——江苏省南通市农村治水初探吴晓春（南通市水利局）、卢建均、喻红芬67.医学科研人员科研数据管理的认知调查与分析——以江苏省某地三甲医院医学科研人员为例王玥（南通大学附属医院）、陈飞、徐水珠68.基于认知分析的急诊标准化分诊及质控软件升级与应用刘颖（南通市第一人民医院）、陈建荣、张鹏69.模块化康复训练在车祸致脑外伤偏瘫痪患者中的应用吴莉蓉（如东县人民医院）、季晓平、石利平70.不同拭子和润湿试剂对生物物证的转移释放效果研究高泽华（南通市公安局）、贾东涛、韩海军71.XDA-1大孔树脂吸附处理含苯甲酸废水李珣珣（江苏九九久科技有限公司）、周新基、葛大伟72.南通市农机化发展短板及对策研究姜广林（南通市农业农村局）、周宇、陆锦林73.黄秋葵花的采摘贮运保鲜方法初探唐明霞（江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所）、顾拥建、袁春新74.血清外泌体Annexin A11检测方法学构建及其在胰腺癌中的临床应用肖明兵（南通大学附属医院）、徐伟松、陈晓君75.胸腹部肿瘤手术患者术后重度疼痛的危险因素王迪（南通市肿瘤医院）、缪长虹、陈万坤76.长链非编码ＲＮＡＡＴＢ检测在乳腺癌诊断中的意义洪宏（南通市中医院）、喻海忠、袁建芬77.人工授精前实时三维子宫输卵管超声造影对输卵管通畅性评估的有效性彭琛（南通大学附属医院）、王迪、王霞78.基于心肺交互机制的监测技术对感染性休克患者容量反应性预测价值祁峰（南通市第一人民医院）、曹亮、张玲玲79.新型城镇化背景下土地资源节约集约利用的标准化实践与探索茆根明（海安市自然资源和规划局）、夏晶、崔晓鹏80.互联网医院发热咨询平台在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控中的应用蒋杏茂（南通市第六人民医院）、金琰斐、尹栗81.肝癌患者血清miR-493-5p检测临床应用研究蔡卫华（南通市第三人民医院）、陈琳、居林玲82.如皋市桑树主要害虫的消长规律与防控布局徐祥（如皋市蚕桑技术指导站）、王静、钱小兰83.红木家具雕刻写实手法的应用探析陈加国（江苏翎视界红木艺术品有限公司）。
薄规格16MnDR钢板冲击性能不合格原因分析与改进措施
第23卷第4期• 34 • 2017 年 8 月宽厚板WIDE AND HEAVY PLATEVol. 23, No. 4August 2017薄规格16MnDR钢板冲击性能不合格原因分析与改进措施宋绪柯(山东钢铁股份有限公司济南分公司宽厚板厂）摘要针对济钢3 500 m m中厚板生产线生产的薄规格16M nD R钢板批量冲击性能不合格问题，从成 分、夹杂物、晶粒度、带状组织以及现场工艺控制等方面与厚规格钢板进行对比，分析冲击性能不合格的关键影 响因素,制定相应的解决方案，取得了理想的改善效果。
关键词低温压力容器16M n D R带状组织低温韧性Causes Analysis and Corrective Measures for Impact Properties Nonconformity Problem of Light Gauge 16MnDR Steel PlateSong Xuke(W ide and Heavy Plate Plant of Shandong Iron and Steel Co. ,L td. Jinan Company) Abstract For the problem of impact properties nonconformity o f lig h t gauge 16MnDR steel plate in batches produced in Jigang 3 500 mm steel plate production lin e,th e paper carries out comparison on chemical com position,inclusions ,grain size, band structure and site process control w ith heavy gauge steel plate, analyzes their key influencing fac- tors, establishes corresponding solution and receives desired improvement results.Keywords Low temperature pressure vessel, 16M nDR,Band structure,Low temperature toughness〇前言16MnDR钢通常用于液化石油气、液氨、液 氧、液氮等相关生产储存容器、输送管道以及寒冷 地区服役设备制造，最低使用温度可达-40尤，在压力容器、制冷、化工设备、车辆等行业得到广 泛的应用。
低温费托合成铁基催化剂研究与应用进展
2 低温铁基催化剂2.1 催化剂制备方法低温铁基催化剂在制备的过程中，共沉淀法更为适用。
在实际的制备过程中，最为常规的制备流程为：提前准备好热硝酸铁和硝酸铜混合溶液，且这些溶液的温度要合适，达到沸腾状态，随后在这一混合溶液中添加至热的硝酸钠溶液，同样其温度应达到沸腾条件，将前期准备好的溶液与后续加热的溶液快速、均匀搅拌到混合状态，在搅拌混合的过程中伴随着化学反应的形成。
金属硝酸盐与碳酸根在热溶液下会出现复分解反应，最终的反应产物为水合氧化铁沉淀、二氧化碳气[2]。
在混合溶液的pH 值在7左右时，停止添加热硝酸铁和硝酸铜混合溶液。
在全部的反应结束以后，将最终的沉淀物收集起来，随后使用沸腾的脱盐水反复冲洗这些沉淀物，在冲洗的同时，其中的Na +和NO 3-得以去除。
将沉淀物重新打浆以后，将其与硅酸钾溶液充分搅拌并混合，在混合溶液中添加一定量的硝酸溶液，随后将该混合溶液的pH 值加以适当调整，使得其接近于中性。
在此前提下，利用过滤和浓缩的方式来处理这些混合浆液，获得催化剂前驱体[3]。
费托合成存在着多种工艺，在不同的工艺条件下，对催化剂前驱体实施相应的处理。
通常情况下，固定床反应器中所使用的催化剂可以将催化剂前驱体利用高压挤出，在成型后干燥得到；浆态床所使用的催化剂，对催化剂前驱体实施重新打浆处理，喷雾造粒和焙烧获得。
2.2 催化剂活性组分的研究催化剂的活性组分是决定催化剂活性的直接原因，为保障催化剂最佳的使用效果，在使用之前一般需进行还原活化处理，使得在经由这一处理以后可以满足费托反应的需求。
低温铁基催化剂是一类比较特殊的催化剂，其中的活性组分更多地源自催化剂产品中的α-Fe 2O 3。
催化剂的活化反应开0 引言费托合成反应最早诞生于20世纪二十年代，基于其反应原理的特殊性，有效实现了铁基催化剂向液体烃燃料的转化，有效扩宽了燃料的获取渠道，保持了燃料获取路径的多样性。
现阶段，低温费托合成铁基催化剂已然在很多领域得到了应用，费托合成转化效率、产物种类均与催化剂的整体性能有着直接的关系，因此，为有效创造更高的价值，专业人员需进行费托合成反应催化剂种类的选择、工艺条件的确定。
磷酸-维基百科
磷酸密度 1.885 g/mL （液态）1.685 g/mL （85%水溶液）2.030 g/mL （25°C晶体）磷酸（英语：phosphoric acid）或称为正磷酸（orthophosphoric acid），化学式H3PO4，是一种常见的无机酸，不易挥发，不易分解，几乎没有氧化性。
具有酸的通性，是三元中强酸，其酸性比盐酸、硫酸、硝酸弱，但比醋酸、硼酸等强。
由五氧化二磷溶于热水中即可得到。
正磷酸工业上用硫酸处理磷灰石即得。
用硝酸使磷氧化，可以得到较纯的磷酸；一般是83%－98%的稠厚溶液，如果再浓缩，可以得到无色晶体。
磷酸在空气中容易潮解；加热会逐渐失水得到焦磷酸，进一步失水得到偏磷酸。
磷酸容易自行结合成多种化合物如焦磷酸（pyrophosphoric acid）或三聚磷酸（triphosphoric acid）等。
除了用作化学试剂之外，磷酸也可主要用于制药、铁銹转化剂、食品添加物、溶剂、电解液、肥料、冶金、饲料等，也有在医学美容及牙科的用途。
磷酸为三元酸，可解离出三个氢离子，因此可形成三种不同的酸根，分别是：磷酸二氢根、磷酸氢根以及磷酸根。
结构以磷为中心、四个氧环绕其周围，其中包括一个双键氧和三个羟基。
三个可解离的氢原子分别与三个氧原子结合。
化学性质纯磷酸的无水化合物在室温下为白色晶体，熔点42.35 °C，溶化后为黏稠液体。
正磷酸具有极大的极性，因此磷酸极易溶于水。
正磷酸的中心磷（P）的氧化数为+5，而周围氧原子（O）的氧化数为-2，氢离子为+1。
磷酸为无毒性的无机物，是一种三元弱酸。
三元酸的意思是可在水中解离出三颗H+的酸性物质，磷酸的解离过程如下：Ka1、Ka2和Ka3为化学式在25°C下的解离常数H3PO4（s）+ H2O（l）——H3O+（aq）+ H2PO4−（aq）Ka1= 7.25×10−3 H2PO4（aq）+ H2O（l）——H3O+（aq）+ HPO42−（aq）Ka2= 6.31×10−8HPO42（aq）+ H2O（l）——H3O+（aq）+ PO43−（aq）Ka3= 4.80×10−13 由于磷酸的多元酸性质，使他的pH值幅度较大，造成它的缓冲现象。
低品质烧结铁料配矿优化实践
低品质烧结铁料配矿优化实践狄明军，王雪超(新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司制造管理部)摘要：根据新疆区域铁料资源分布，进行了含锌、硫、磷铁料的烧结配矿生产试验，为烧结料场管理、配矿方案、工艺过程管控提供了依据。
在烧结工序最大能力消耗疆内高锌、高硫、高磷铁料,降低烧结配矿成本。
关键词：烧结；配矿；锌；硫中图分类号:TF046.4文献标识码:B文章编号：1672-4224(2021)01-0012-04 Optimization Practice of Sinter Blending with Low Quality IronDI Ming-jun,WANG Xue-chao(Manufacturing Management Department,Xinjiang Bayi Iron&Steel Co.,L td.) Abstract：According to the regional distribution of iron resources in Xinjiang,the production test of sintering ore blending with zinc,sulfur and phosphorus iron materials was carried out,which provided the basis for the management of sintering yard,ore blending scheme and process control.In the sintering process,high zinc,high sulfur and high phosphorus iron materials are consumed to reduce the cost of ore blending.Key words：sintering；ores matching；zinc；sulfur八钢炼铁系统装备2x265m2烧结机、1x 430m2烧结机、4x6m顶装焦炉、3x2500m3高炉、1座欧冶炉、1座430m3全氧高炉，并建有烧结料场、焦化煤场、高炉料场3大料场及11座大型圆形料仓等储供料设施。
Phosphorus steel powder and a method of manufactur
专利名称：Phosphorus steel powder and a method of manufacturing the same发明人：Lars-Erik Svensson,Jan RobertTengzelius,Per Folke Lindskog申请号：US05/735207申请日：19761026公开号：US04093449A公开日：19780606专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：A phosphorus steel powder for manufacturing sintered details having an extremely small tendency to brittleness ruptures consists of iron or steel powder substantially free from phosphorus, mixed with a phosphorus powder characterized by a maximum particle size of 20 &mgr;m, preferably a maximum particle size of 10 &mgr;m. The phosphorus content of the ferrophosphorus powder shall exceed 2.8% and in order to reduce the wearing of the tools the phosphorus content shall be less than 17%. If the ferrophosphorus powder is manufactured by grinding piece goods the phosphorus content shall exceed 12% and shall preferably be between 14 and 16%. The phosphorus content of the preferred mixture is between 0.2 and 1.5%. The iron-ferrophosphorus mixture is heated with or without the addition of oil in reducing atmosphere to a temperature of between 650. degree. and 900° C for a period of 15 minutes to 2 hours to improve the protection against segregation.申请人：HOGANAS AB, FACK代理人：Albert L. Jeffers更多信息请下载全文后查看。
改良AAO工艺处理低浓度碳源废水的优化分析
改良AAO工艺处理低浓度碳源废水的优化分析*柯浪文1，陈轩2，周伟2，周少奇2，3▲（1广州市沥滘污水处理厂，广东广州510290；2贵州科学院，贵州贵阳550001；3华南理工大学环境与能源学院，广东广州510641）摘要：以广州某污水处理厂的低碳源废水运行为例，探讨了位于北回归线以南气候为亚热带季风气候区域的改良AAO工艺在低碳源进水条件下的优化条件，在尽量避免另加碳源的情况下，通过工艺优化，可以确保正常处理效果。
采用多点进水改良的A2/O工艺取得了较好的脱氮除磷效果，说明了在传统A2/O工艺厌氧池前增加预缺氧池，而且经过预处理的污水多点分配进入生化池，可以在低碳源条件下，优化生物脱氮除磷效果。
研究结果表明，在利用内碳源条件下改良AAO工艺的污泥龄取19天，内回流率取130%，外回流率取80%，出水能稳定达标。
试验结果为采用改良AAO工艺的污水处理厂在高原环境下运行提供了参考数据，也可为低碳源情况下污水厂升级改造设计时进行参考。
关键词：低碳源废水，改良AAO，内碳源中图分类号：X703文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-6563（2020）03-0083-04Optimization of treatment of low carbon source wastewater by improved AAO process*KE Langwen1，CHEN Xuan2，ZHOU Wei2，ZHOU Shaoqi2，3▲（1Guangzhou Lijiao Sewage Treatment Plant，Guangzhou510290，China；2Guizhou Academy of Sciences，Guiyang 550001，China；3School of Environment and Energy，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou510641，China）Abstract：Taking the treatment of low carbon source wastewater in a wastewater treatment plant in Guangzhou as an example，the optimum conditions of the improved AAO process in the sub－tropical monsoon climate area south of the Tropic of Cancer under the condition of low carbon source water inflow were discussed．On the premise of avoi-ding additional carbon source as far as possible，the normal treatment effect could be ensured by optimizing the process．The improved A2/O process with multi－point water inflow had achieved good nitrogen and phosphorus re-moval effect，which showed that adding a pre－anoxic tank in front of the traditional A2/O anaerobic tank，and multi －point inflow of pretreated wastewater into the biochemical tank could optimize the biological nitrogen and phos-phorus removal effect under low carbon source conditions．The results showed that when the sludge age was19 days，the internal reflux rate was130%，and the external reflux rate was80%，the effluent could reach the standard stably．The test results has provided reference for the operation of wastewater treatment plants using improved AAO process in plateau environment，and for the upgrading design of wastewater treatment plants with low carbon source．Keywords：low carbon source wastewater，improved AAO，internal carbon source0引言AAO工艺是生活污水的常规处理工艺，所研究的污水厂地处北回归线以南，属亚热带季风气候，污水管网系统主要采取合流制，导致进水碳源偏低，碳氮比较低容易导致脱氮效果低下及污泥浓度下降，进而影响传统AAO工艺的脱氮除磷效果［1－2］。
低合金高强度钢板分层缺陷简析
第25卷第2期2019年4月Vol.25,No.2April2019・5-宽厚板WIDE AND HEAVY PLATE低合金高强度钢板分层缺陷简析王晓书张伟军袁平(河钢集团舞钢公司)摘要对某钢厂低合金高强度钢板的分层情况进行工艺调查，从生产过程、成分及低倍、高倍显微组织等方面进行研究和分析，找出钢板产生分层的主要原因。
结果表明:造成此次分层问题的主要原因是钢板中存在数量较多、尺寸较大的硫化物夹杂，破坏了基体的连续性。
通过冶炼工艺调整、改进,提高钢水纯净度,可以有效降低钢板分层缺陷产生几率。
关键字分层缺陷硫化物夹杂组织应力Brief Analysis on Lamination Defect of LowAlloy High Strength Steel PlateWang Xiaoshu,Zhang Weijun and Yuan Ping(HBIS Group Wusteel Company)Abstract Process investigation is performed on the lamination phenomenon of low alloy high strength steel plate produced by a steel works.Research and analysis are implemented from various aspects of production,chemical composition,macrostructure and microstructure in order to find out the major causes of laminar crack defect.The results show that the laminar crack defects are mainly caused by sulfide inclusions in large quantity and size destroying the continuity of matrix structure.By adjusting and improving metallurgical process,increasing steel cleanliness,the possibility of laminar crack defects is effectively reduced.Keywords Lamination defect,Sulfide inclusion,Microstructural stresso前言目前，各种规格和级别的钢板在建筑、造船、容器、桥梁等领域以及海底管线、机器加工制造等方面均得到广泛应用，用户对钢板质量的要求也越来越高。
锯齿波纹板对挥发性有机物低温脱除过程强化模拟分析
化工进展Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress2023 年第 42 卷第 S1 期锯齿波纹板对挥发性有机物低温脱除过程强化模拟分析邵博识，谭宏博（西安交通大学制冷与低温工程系，陕西 西安 710049）摘要：针对可挥发性有机物（VOCs ）的低温脱除，采用波纹通道可破坏不凝气（NCG ）层积聚、减小低温相变脱除传质阻力。
本文建立了针对锯齿波纹板通道内少量R134a 与氮气混合气的低温相变脱除的二维模型，揭示了锯齿齿板底角角度对R134a 相变脱除效果的影响特性。
结果表明，与平板通道相比，本文采用的对照组等腰三角锯齿波纹板可显著提升单位面积冷壁面上R134a 的脱除效率，在本研究条件下R134a 时空平均相变速率（α）为0.1268g/(m 2·s)，提高了144.6%；锯齿波纹板底角（θ）增加时，NCG 层在近冷壁面处会依次发生贴壁流动、脱壁掺混，最终形成稳定漩涡的流动阻滞区。
当θ为13.30°~35.45°时，NCG 层发生显著的脱壁掺混，α在0.082~0.1268g/(m 2·s)之间；当θ=17.46°时，α达到最大值0.1268g/(m 2·s)。
当θ过大或过小时，脱壁掺混效果都将衰减，α在较低的水平。
本文对用于低浓度VOCs 的冷凝-冻结脱除的锯齿波纹板结构设计具有参考意义。
关键词：废物处理；传质；低温脱除；数值模拟；波纹板中图分类号：TE85 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6613（2023）S1-0084-10Simulation on the enhancement of cryogenic removal of volatile organiccompounds by sawtooth plateSHAO Boshi ，TAN Hongbo(Department of Refrigeration and Eryogenic Engineering, Xi an Jiaotong University, Xi an 710049, Shaanxi, China)Abstract: The corrugated channel can be used to break the accumulation of non-condensable gas (NCG) layers and reduce the resistance to mass transfer in the cryogenic removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, a two-dimensional model for the cryogenic removal of low concentration R134a from nitrogen on a sawtooth corrugated plate channel was established, and the impact of the sawtooth bottom angle on the removal performance of R134a were revealed. The results showed that the isosceles triangular sawtooth corrugated plate can significantly improve the removal efficiency of R134a on the cold wall surface per unit area compared with the flat plate channel. The spatio-temporal average phase change rate (α) of R134a on the sawtooth plate under the conditions of present study was 0.1268g/(m 2·s), which increased by 144.6% compared with flat surface. The NCG flow near the cold wall surface will convert from the flowing adjacent to the wall, to off-wall mixing with the bulk flow, and finally to forming the flow blocking zone with stable vortex with the increase in the bottom angle (θ) of the sawtooth corrugated plate. Significant off-wall mixing with the bulk flow of the NCG layer occurred when θ was 13.30°—35.45°, with α ranged from 0.082—0.1268g/(m 2·s). The α reached the maximum value of 0.1268g/(m 2·s) when θ was 17.46°. The effect of the off-wall mixing with the bulk flow of the NCG layer研究开发DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0591收稿日期：2023-04-13；修改稿日期：2023-06-25。
转炉冶炼高温低磷抗酸管线钢工艺实践
转炉冶炼高温低磷抗酸管线钢工艺实践徐伟冲张小伟(第一炼钢厂)摘要：结合转炉冶炼高温低磷抗酸管线钢工艺实践，通过成分设计、理论依据支持、原料准备、底吹模式选择、冶炼过程操作、出钢过程控制和溅渣控制环节等，实现具有高纯净度和连续生产的抗酸管线转炉冶炼生产。
关键词：高温低磷管线钢成分设计工艺实践Technical Practice of Converter Smelting High TemperatureLow Phosphorus Acid Resistant Pipeline SteelXU Weichong ZHANG Xiaowei(Steel-making Plant1#)Abstract:Combined with the process practice of high temperature low phosphorus acid resistant pipeline steel smelting by converter,the acid resistant pipeline steel with high purity and continuous production is realized,through composition design，theoretical basis support，raw material preparation，bottom blowing mode selection，smelting process operation，tapping process control，slag splashing control and other technics.Keywords:High Temperature Low Phosphorus，Pipeline Steel，Chemical Composition Design，Technical Practice引言管道输送是长距离输送石油和天然气最经济、最合理的运输方式，具有高效、经济、安全等特点［1］。
超低温度下催化脱销工艺分析
总第191期2021年第1期山西化工SHANXI CHEMICAL INDUSTRYTotal191No.1,2021奏题讨谑DOI：10.16525/l4-1109/tq.2021.01.24超低温度下催化脱销工艺分析王燕(山西焦化股份有限公司，山西临汾041600)摘要：针对目前选择性催化还原脱硝技术在使用过程中需要对废气进行高温加热、成本高、在应用过程中催化剂极易出现中毒失活、可靠性差的问题，提出了一种新的超低温催化脱硝技术，以碳基材料催化剂为核心，实现了在“超低温度”下的催化还原。
实际应用表明，新的催化技术能够实现在200°C下的高效率脱硝，脱硝率达到了73.8%,对降低脱硝成本、减少环境污染具有十分重要的意义。
关键词：超低温；催化脱硝；碳材料中图分类号:X78文献标识码:A文章编号:1004-7050(2021)01-0068-03引言随着人类社会工业化进程的不断加快，氮氧化物的产量剧增，导致了严重的大气污染，随着全球对大气保护重视程度的日益提升，如何在加快推进工业化的过程中减少氮氧化物的排放成了科学家竞相研究的课题。
据统计，大气中的氮氧化物一半以上来源于石化燃料的燃烧，目前主要采用在排放前通过选择性催化还原脱硝技术对其进行脱硝处理，所使用的催化剂主要是飢钛系催化剂，在使用过程中需要在排气烟道内设置加热炉，对排出的废气进行加热，直到满足350。
以上的最佳催化反应温度。
但由于废气中还含有大量的硫化物，因此也极易与催化剂反应，使催化剂“中毒”失效，实际脱硝率不足50%,严重影响了脱硝率和脱硝经济性。
本文提出了一种新的超低温催化脱硝技术，以碳材料催化剂为核心，有效地降低了催化脱硝时的反应温度，根据实际应用表明，新的催化技术能够实现在200C下的高效率脱硝，脱硝率达到了 73.8%,对提高脱硝率、降低脱硝成本，具有十分重要的意义。
1超低温催化反应原理对气体中氮氧化物的作用过程实际上是利用催化剂和氮氧化物相结合，通过E-R机理发生置换反应，将N元素过滤出来的一种技术⑴。
210979001_电解槽石墨化阴极磷生铁浇铸研究应用
世界有色金属 2022年 12月下8冶金冶炼M etallurgical smelting电解槽石墨化阴极磷生铁浇铸研究应用金 岭（黄河鑫业有限公司，青海 西宁 ８１００００）摘 要：电解铝行业年度用电量超过５０００亿千瓦时，约占全社会用电总量的６．７％，耗电量巨大；因此，在当前“双碳”形势下，电解铝行业备受关注。
电解铝生产铝液综合交流电耗成为最重要的生存指标，电解槽石墨化阴极磷生铁浇铸技术做为最有效的技术方案在行业内大面积推广使用，取得良好的效果。
关键词：电解铝；铝液综合交流电耗；磷生铁浇铸 中图分类号：ＴＦ８２１ 文献标识码：Ａ 文章编号：１００２－５０６５（２０２２）２４－０００８－３Research and Application of Graphite Cathode Phosphorus Pig Iron Casting in Electrolytic CellJIN Ling（Ｈｕａｎｇｈｅ Ｘｉｎｙｅ Ｃｏ．， Ｌｔｄ．， Ｘｉｎｉｎｇ， Ｑｉｎｇｈａｉ ８１００００）Abstract: Ｔｈｅ ａｎｎｕａｌ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｉｔｙ ｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃ ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ ｉｓ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ５００ ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎ ＫＷＨ， ａｃｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ ｆｏｒ ａｂｏｕｔ ６．７％ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｔｏｔａｌ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｉｔｙ ｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｗｈｏｌｅ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ａ ｈｕｇｅ ｐｏｗｅｒ ｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ． Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ， ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ ＂ｄｏｕｂｌｅ ｃａｒｂｏｎ＂ ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎ， ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃ ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ ｈａｓ ａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄ ｍｕｃｈ ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ． Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃ ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｌｉｑｕｉｄ ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅ ＡＣ ｐｏｗｅｒ ｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ ｈａｓ ｂｅｃｏｍｅ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ ｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌ ｉｎｄｅｘ， ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃ ｃｅｌｌ ｇｒａｐｈｉｔｉｚｅｄ ｃａｔｈｏｄｅ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｕｓ ｐｉｇ ｉｒｏｎ ｃａｓｔｉｎｇ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌ ｓｃｈｅｍｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ｗｉｄｅｌｙ ｕｓｅｄ， ａｎｄ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄ ｇｏｏｄ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ．Keywords: ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃ ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ； Ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ ｌｉｑｕｉｄ ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅ ＡＣ ｐｏｗｅｒ ｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ； Ｃａｓｔ ｗｉｔｈ ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓ ｐｉｇ ｉｒｏ收稿日期：２０２２－１０作者简介：刘金良，生于１９７５年，青海湟中人，本科，工程师，研究方向：机械制造工艺及焊接工艺电解铝行业年度用电量超过5000亿千瓦时，约占全社会用电总量的6.7%，耗电量巨大；因此，在当前“双碳”形势下，电解铝行业备受关注。
磷素缺乏对好氧污泥颗粒化系统的胁迫影响
摘要：为了考查磷素回收方法出水中的磷素残留量对后续生物脱氮系统的影响，选用序批式反应器（SBR ），以畜禽养殖沼液为处理对象，探究水质磷素缺乏情况下对好氧颗粒污泥系统运行效果及稳定性的响应情况。
结果表明，对于稳态的好氧颗粒污泥系统，在进水磷素缺乏和充足两种情况下MLVSS/MLSS 比值分别为94%±4%和92%±2%，表明两个系统均具有较好的生物活性。
但是磷缺乏会导致颗粒污泥的微生物聚集稳定性降低，在磷充足情况下Zeta 电位为（-7.37±1.23）mV ，在磷缺乏情况下Zeta 电位为（-10.5±1.27）mV 。
此外，在进水磷素缺乏和充足两种情况下，系统的氨氮和化学需氧量（COD ）的比降解速率分别为（110.03±0.48）、（132.23±0.31）mg NH +4-N ·g -1VSS ·c -1和（117.64±0.08）、（150.43±0.13）mg COD ·g -1VSS ·c -1，即在磷充足的情况下颗粒化系统具有较好的有机污染物与氮素去除效果。
由此可见，好氧颗粒污泥在处理畜禽养殖沼液时，化学除磷方法优化设定应考虑其出水磷素含量对后续生物法稳定性的作用影响，才可保证处理过程中集成工艺对有机质与氮素的处理效率及系统的稳定性。
关键词：序批式反应器；好氧颗粒污泥；畜禽养殖；沼液；磷素中图分类号：X713文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-2043（2016）11-2202-08doi:10.11654/jaes.2016-0425磷素缺乏对好氧污泥颗粒化系统的胁迫影响郭硕1，2，高大文1*，刘琳2，刘超翔2*，黄凌波3（1.东北林业大学林学院，哈尔滨150040；2.中国科学院城市环境研究所，福建厦门361021；3.厦门史帝福环保科技有限公司，福建厦门361000）Effect of phosphorus deficiency stress on aerobic sludge granulation systemGUO Shuo 1,2,GAO Da-wen 1*,LIU Lin 2,LIU Chao-xiang 2*,HUANG Ling-bo 3（1.School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;2.Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;3.The Ltd of Xiamen Steve Ecotechnology,Xiamen 361000,China ）Abstract ：In order to evaluate the effect of phosphorus residues from phosphorus recycle system outlet on further biological nitrogen removal system,this study focused on the influence of phosphorus deficiency on aerobic granular system （Sequencing Batch Reactor ）operation effi -ciency and stability,by using livestock slurries as influent.During the stable system of the aerobic granular system,the results showed that the ratio of MLVSS/MLSS under the conditions of deficient phosphorus and sufficient phosphorus in influent are 94%±4%and 92%±2%,it indicated that microorganisms in these two system had good biological activity.However,phosphorus deficiency may result in low stability of microorganism aggregation,The Zeta potential is （-7.37±1.23）mV with the phosphorus sufficient reactor and （-10.5±1.27）mV with the phosphorus deficient reactor.In addition,the specific removal rates of ammonia and COD in phosphorus deficient reactor and sufficientphosphorus reactor are （110.03±0.48）mg NH +4-N ·g -1VSS ·c -1and （132.23±0.31）mg NH +4-N ·g -1VSS ·c -1,117.64±0.08mg COD ·g -1VSS ·c -1and 150.43±0.13mg COD ·g -1VSS ·c -1,respectively,it indicates that granular system had high removal rate of organic matter and nitro -gen under phosphorus sufficient situation.Therefore,during the process of livestock slurries treatment utilizing aerobic granular sludge tech -nology,optimization settings of chemical phosphorus removal should take the influence of outlet concentration of phosphorus on subsequent stability of biological treatment into consideration,making sure the removal efficiency of organic matter and nitrogen and stability of system by utilizing integration process.Keywords ：sequencing batch reactor;aerobic granular sludge;livestock;slurries;phosphorus收稿日期：2016-03-29基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51308523）；福建省自然科学基金项目（2014J01214）；厦门科技计划项目（3502Z20162001，3502Z20161157）作者简介：郭硕（1988—），男，黑龙江五常人，硕士研究生，研究方向为污水处理与回用工程。
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B i o g r a p h y:Y A N G X i a o (１９８２ ),M a l e ,D o c t o r ;㊀E Ｇm a i l :y a n g x i a o Ｇi r i s ＠s h a s t e e l c n ;㊀R e c e i v e dD a t e :M a y ４,２０１２ J O U R N A LO F I R O NA N DS T E E LR E S E A R C H ,I N T E R N A T I O N A L ２０１３,２０(８):４１Ｇ４７O p t i m i z a t i o no fL o wP h o s ph o r u s S t e e l P r o d u c t i o n W i t h D o u b l e S l a g Pr o c e s s i nB O F Y A N G X i a o １,㊀S U NF e n gＧm e i １,㊀Y A N GJ i n Ｇl i １,㊀L I U F e i １,C H E N G K u i Ｇs h e n g ２,㊀WA N GJi a n Ｇh u a ２[１．I n s t i t u t e o fR e s e a r c ho f I r o na n dS t e e l (I R I S ),S h a s t e e l ,Z h a n g j i a g a n g ２１５６２５,J i a n gs u ,C h i n a ;２．H o n g f aS t e e l m a k i n g P l a n t ,S h a s t e e l ,Z h a n g j i a g a n g ２１５６２５,J i a n gs u ,C h i n a ]A b s t r a c t :T o p r o d u c e t h e s t e e lw i t h p h o s p h o r u s l e s s t h a n ０ ００７％(m a s s p e r c e n t ),t h e d o u b l e s l a gpr o c e s s h a s b e e n o p t i m i z e d i nb a s i co x y g e nf u r n a c e (B O F )．D e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o na n dd e c a r b u r i z a t i o na r e p e r f o r m e d i ns e qu e n c e i nt h e s a m e c o n v e r t e r ．D e s l a g g i n g i s c o n d u c t e d t w i c e ,e a c ha t t h e e n do f d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o na n dd e c a r b u r i z a t i o n ,b y t i l t i n gt h eB O F ．P r o d u c t i o nw a s t e s t e d i n a １８０t B O F ．M a s s p e r c e n t o f p h o s p h o r u s i n s t e e l a t B O Fb l o we n d h a s b e e nm a d e t o a s l o wa s ０ ００４２％a f t e r o p t i m i z i n g o p e r a t i o n a l p a r a m e t e r s ．F a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g d e p h o s ph o r i z a t i o n p e r f o r m a n c ew e r e s t u d i e d ．B e f o r e i n t e r m e d i a t ed e s l a g g i n g ,d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i sd e t e r m i n e db y t h em a s s t r a n s f e ro f p h o s ph o r u s f r o m m e t a l /s l a g i n t e r f a c e t ob u l k s l a gp h a s e r a t h e r t h a n e q u i l i b r i u mt h e r m o d y n a m i c c o n d i t i o n s ．A f t e r i n t e r m e d i a t e d e s l a g Ｇg i n g ,d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i sd e t e r m i n e db y t h ee q u i l i b r i u mt h e r m o d y n a m i cc o n d i t i o n ss u c ha ss l a g c o m p o s i t i o na n d t e m pe r a t u r e ．K e y wo r d s :d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n ;d o u b l e s l a g ;B O F ㊀㊀P h o s ph o r u s i s h a r m f u l i n s t e e l e v e na t l o wc o n Ｇc e n t r a t i o n a s i t c a u s e s e m b r i t t l e m e n t l a r g e l y i n d u c e d b y s e g r e g a t i o na t g r a i nb o u n d a r i e s ．M a n y a t t e m p t s h a v eb e e nd o n e t o r e d u c e p h o s p h o r u s a s l o wa s p o s Ｇs i b l e i ns t e e l m a k i n gp r o c e s s ．㊀㊀H o n g f a W o r k so fS h a s t e e l p r o d u c e sa b o u t１２M t /a s l a bv i ab l a s t f u r n a c e (B F )Ｇb a s i co x y ge nf u r Ｇn a c e (B O F )r o u t ef o r p l a t e s ,s h e e t s ,t u b e s ,a n ds t r u c t u r a l s t e e l s ．T h es t e e l m a k i n gpl a n tc o n s i s t so f s i x１８０tB O F s ,s e v e r a l r e f i n i n g un i t sa n ds l a bc a s t Ｇe r s ．F o rm o s t p r o d u c t s ,m a s s p e r c e n t o f p h o s ph o r u s i s r e q u i r e d t ob e l o w e r t h a n ０ ０１５％．R e c e n t l y,t h e r e Ｇq u i r e m e n t s o f c u s t o m e r sa r eb e c o m i n g m o r es t r i n g e n t a n d m a s s p e r c e n t o f p h o s p h o r u si s a s k e d t o b e ０ ００７％o r e v e n l e s s ．㊀㊀H o tm e t a l t r e a t m e n t i nt o r pe d oc a r ,h o tm e t a l t r a n sf e r l a d l e o r c o n v e r t e r h a sb e e nd e v e l o p e d i nJ a Ｇp a n w i t hr e m a r k a b l ea d v a n t ag e s i n ph o s ph o r u sr e Ｇm o v a l [１]．H o w e v e r ,t h e g r e a t i n v e s t m e n tc o s ta n dd e m a n do nn e we q u i p m e n t s i n s t a l l a t i o n l i m i t t h e i m Ｇp l e m e n t a t i o n o fs u c h p r o c e s s e s u n d e rt h e p r e s e n t c i r c u m s t a n c e s ．F o r t h es t e e l m a k e r sw h o s eo r d e r f o r l o w p h o s p h o r u s s t e e l i sav e r y sm a l l f r a c t i o no f t h e m a i no u t p u t ,d o u b l es l a gpr o c e s s i sa ne c o n o m i c a l a l t e r n a t i v e t o p r o d u c e l o w p h o s p h o r u s s t e e lw i t h o u t a n y a d d i t i o n a l i n v e s t m e n t ．I tw a s r e p o r t e d t h a tm a s s p e r c e n to f p h o s p h o r u si n s t e e la t B O F b l o w e n d c o u l db e r e d u c e d t o l e s s t h a n ０ ００７％b y d o u b l e s l a gp r o c e s s [２－３],d e s p i t e t h eo b v i o u sd r a w b a c k s s u c ha s l o n g e r r e f i n i n g ti m ea n dl o w e r m e t a l y i e l d ．T h e r e Ｇf o r e ,d o u b l e s l a g p r o c e s s i s u t i l i z e db y s o m eC h i n e s e s t e e l m a k e r s t o p r o d u c e l o w p h o s p h o r u s s t e e l t e m po Ｇr a r i l y[４－７]．㊀㊀P r e v i o u s l y ,d o u b l es l a gp r o c e s sh a db e e na pＧpl i e d t o r e f i n e h o tm e t a l w i t hm a s s p e r c e n t o f s i l i c o n l a r g e r t h a n０ ８％．I n i t i a l l y,t h e p r o c e s s p a r a m e t e r s t o p r o d u c e l o w p h o s p h o r u s s t e e l w e r e d e s i gn e d b a s e do n t h e p r e v i o u s e x pe r i e n c e ．H o w e v e r ,t h e r e Ｇs u l t i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e o b j e c t i v e o fm a k i n g p h o s ph o r Ｇu s (m a s s p e r c e n t )i ns t e e la tB O Fb l o w e n dt oa sl o wa s ０ ００７％w a s d i f f i c u l t t o a c h i e v e ．㊀㊀I n p r e s e n ts t u d y ,t h ea u t h o r sh a v eo pt i m i z e d d o u b l e s l a gp r o c e s s i nB O Ff o r s t e e lw i t h m a s s p e r Ｇc e n t o f p h o s p h o r u s l e s s t h a n ０ ００７％．T h e o u t l i n e o f t h eo p t i m i z e dd o u b l e s l a gp r o c e s s a n d t h e r e s u l t so f t h e p r o d u c t i o n t r i a l s i na１８０tB O Fa r e i n t r o d u c e d ．F a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g t h ed e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n p e r f o r m a n c e i n t h e p r o c e s s a r ed i s c u s s e d ．１㊀O u t l i n e o fD o u b l e S l a g Pr o c e s s ㊀㊀T h es c h e m a t i c f l o wd i a g r a m o f t h ed o u b l es l a gp r o c e s s i ss h o w ni nF i g １．B l o w i n g o fo x y g e ni n t o t h e c o n v e r t e r f r o mt h e t o p l a n c e i sd i v i d e d i n t o t w o p e r i o d s ．D e p h o s ph o r i z a t i o n (a n ds i m u l t a n e o u sd e s i l Ｇi c o n i z a t i o n )i nb l o w Ｇ１a n dd e c a r b u r i z a t i o n i nb l o w Ｇ２a r e p e r f o r m e di no n ec o n v e r t e r ．D e s l a g g i n g isc o n Ｇd u c t e d t w i c e ,e a c h a t t h e e n do f b l o w Ｇ１(d e s l a g g i n gＧ１)a n db l o w Ｇ２(d e s l a g g i n g Ｇ２),b y t i l t i n g t h eB O F ．㊀㊀B y d e s l a g g i n g Ｇ１,P ２O ５r i c hs l a g i s p a r t l y r e Ｇm o v e do u t o f t h eB O F ．R e p h o s ph o r i z a t i o n i s i n h i b i Ｇt e di nt h ef o l l o w i n gpe r i o d ．T h e r ef o r e ,l o w p h o s Ｇp h o r u s s t e e l p r o d u c t i o n i sa c h i e v e de a s i l y c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e t r a d i t i o n a l s i ng l e s l a gpr o c e s s ．F i g １㊀O u t l i n e o f d o u b l e s l a gpr o c e s s ２㊀P r o d u c t i o nT r i a l㊀㊀T h e p r o d u c t i o n w a st e s t e d w i t ha１８０tB O F ．W i t ha b o u t ５－８t h o t r e c y c l e ds l a g re m a i n e d i n t h ef u r n a c e f r o mt h e p r e v i o u sh e a t ,２７－３８t s c r a p an d １６２th o tm e t a lw e r ec h a r g e di n t ot h ec o n v e r t e r i n s e q u e n c e ．T h ec o m p o s i t i o na n dt e m p e r a t u r eo ft h e h o tm e t a l a r e s h o w n i nT a b l e １．㊀㊀T h e o p e r a t i o n a l p a r a m e t e r s o f t h e t r i a l h e a t s a r e l i s t e d i nT a b l e ２．F i g ２s h o w s t h e l a n c eh e i g h t c o n Ｇt r o l a n d f l u xc h a r g e s c h e m e s f o r a t y pi c a l t r i a l h e a t ．D u r i n g b l o w Ｇ１f o rd e s p h o p h o r i z a t i o n ,o x y ge n w a s b l o w ns of t l y w i t hl o w e rf l o wr a t ea n dl a rg e r l a n c eh ei g h tc o m p a r e d w i t h b l o w Ｇ２f o r d e c a r b u r i z a t i o n ．L i m ew a s u s e d t oa dj u s t t h e s l a g b a s i c i t y w h i l e i r o n o r ew a sc h a r g e dt o i m p r o v et h ed i s s o l u t i o no f l i m e i n t o s l a g a n d t o s i m u l t a n e o u s l y c o n t r o l t h e t e m p e r a Ｇt u r e ．D o l o m i t ew a s n o t u s e d i nb l o w Ｇ１p e r i o d f o r t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h a t d o l o m i t ew i l l n o t d i s s o l v e i n t o t h e s l a g i ns h o r tt i m e ．T h ea p p a r e n tv i s c o s i t y o fs l a g w i l l i n c r e a s e d u e t o t h e r e d u c t i o no f t h e r a t i oo f l i qＧu i d p h a s e ,n e i t h e rf a v o r a b l ef o rh i g h Ｇr a t ed e ph o s Ｇp h o r i z a t i o nn o r f o r s m o o t h i n t e r m e d i a t ed e s l a g g i n g．T a b l e １㊀R a w m a t e r i a l c o n d i t i o n s o f p r o d u c t i o n t r i a l u s i n g a １８０t B O F H o tm e t a l c o m po s i t i o n w [C ]/％w [S i]/％w [P ]/％w [M n]/％T e m p e r t u r e /ħ４ ２－４ ７０ ２３－０ ５４０ ０７－０ ０９０ １６－０ ２４１３２１－１４３０㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀N o t e :M a s s o f h o tm e t a l i s １６２t ;M a s s o f s c r a pi s ２７－３８t ．T a b l e ２㊀O pe r a t i o n a l p a r a m e t e r s of p r o d u c t i o n t r i a l u s i ng a １８０t B O F B l o w Ｇ１B l o w Ｇ２T o p b l o w i n g O ２/(m ３ h －１)３５０００３９０００B o t t o mb l o w i n g Ar /(m ３ h －１)６５０３６０R e f i n i n g ti m e /m i n ３ ７－５ １８ ８－９ ８F l u x /(k gt －１)L i m e８－１６１０－２６I r o no r e０－１００－１５D o l o m i t e０９－１４F i g ２㊀T y p i c a l l a n c e h e i g h t c o n t r o l a n d f l u x c h a r ge s c h e m e s ３㊀R e s u l t s㊀㊀I n t o t a l ,２０p r o d u c t i o n t r i a l h e a t sw e r e c o n d u c Ｇt e db y t h e d o u b l e s l a g p r o c e s s ．F i g ３s h o w s t h e t y p i Ｇc a l r e s u l t s o f f o u r t r i a l h e a t s a f t e r o p t i m i z i n g t h e o p Ｇe r a t i o n a l p a r a m e t e r s ．T h ev a r i a t i o n o f p h o s p h o r u s c o n t e n t f r o mh o tm e t a l t o p r o d u c t i s p r e s e n t e d ．T h e i n t e r m e d i a t e a n df i n a l s l a g c o m p o s i t i o na r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e ３．㊀㊀A s s h o w n i nF i g ３,m a s s p e r c e n t o f p h o s p h o r u s a t b l o w Ｇ１e n dw e r e l o w e r e d t o ０ ０１５１％－０ ０２０８％f r o m ０ ０７４％－０ ０７９％i n h o t m e t a l ．A tb l o w Ｇ２e n d ,m a s s p e r c e n tof p h o s p h o r u sf u r t h e rd e c r e a s e d t o０ ００４２％－０ ００５２％．A f t e r p o s t ＧB O F p r o c e s s e sw i t h a s m a l l a m o u n t o f r e p h o s ph o r i z a t i o n ,f i n a l m a s s p e r c e n to f p h o s p h o r u si n p r o d u c tf e l lw i t h i n t h e r a n g e o f ０ ００４８％－０ ００６７％．㊀㊀T h e a v e r a g e dm e t a l l u r g i c a l i n d e x e s o f l o w p h o s Ｇp h o r u ss t e e l p r o d u c t i o ni n B O F b y t h eo p t i m i z e d d o u b l e s l a g p r o c e s s a r e c o m pa r e dw i t h t h e t r a d i t i o n a l ２４ ㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀J o u r n a l o f I r o na n dS t e e lR e s e a r c h ,I n t e r n a t i o n a l ㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀V o l ２０㊀(a)N o Ⅰ;㊀(b)N o Ⅱ;㊀(c)N o Ⅲ;㊀(d)N o Ⅳ．F i g ３㊀T y p i c a l r e s u l t s o f p r o d u c t i o n t r i a l s b y d o u b l e s l a gp r o c e s s a f t e r o p t i m i z i n g o p e r a t i o n a l p a r a m e t e r sT a b l e３㊀I n t e r m e d i a t e a n d f i n a l s l a g c o m p o s i t i o no f t r i a l h e a t s a f t e r o p t i m i z i n g o p e r a t i o n a l p a r a m e t e r s N o S l a g t y p e w C a O/％w S i O２/％w M g O/％w P２O５/％w M n O/％w T F e/％R ⅠI n t e r m e d i a t e２６ ７１７ ８５ ０２ ３５ ５２４ ２１ ５F i n a l４１ ３９ ０７ ９１ ５２ ０２４ ５４ ６ⅡI n t e r m e d i a t e３６ ０１７ ９６ ６２ ４４ ４１７ ７２ ０F i n a l３６ ３８ ５７ １１ ３１ ９２９ ０４ ３ⅢI n t e r m e d i a t e３１ ９２０ ７４ ８２ ２５ ６１８ ８１ ５F i n a l４０ ４７ ６１１ ２１ ２１ ６２５ １５ ３ⅣI n t e r m e d i a t e３９ ９１８ ５７ ９２ ７４ ４１３ ９２ ２F i n a l４２ １９ ４９ ７１ ４１ ９２２ ８４ ５s i n g l e s l a g p r o c e s s．A s l i s t e d i nT a b l e４,d e p h o s p h oＧr i z a t i o ni so b v i o u s l y i m p r o v e d w i t hl e s sl i m ec o nＧs u m p t i o n,d e s p i t et h a tr e f i n i n g t i m ei s p r o l o n g e d a n dm e t a l y i e l d i s d e c r e a s e d．㊀㊀I nT a b l e４,r e f i n i n g t i m e i sd e f i n e da s t h e t i m e i n t e r v a l b e t w e e nb l o ws t a r t a n d t a p p i n g;m e t a l y i e l dT a b l e４㊀M e t a l l u r g i c a l i n d e x e s o f p r o d u c t i o nb ys i n g l e a n dd o u b l e s l a gp r o c e s s e sS i n g l e s l a g D o u b l e s l a g w[P]a tB O Fb l o we n d/％０ ００７２０ ００４７L i m e c o n s u m p t i o n/(k g t－１)３９ ９３９ ４R e f i n i n g t i m e/m i n２０ ０２２ ５M e t a l y i e l d/％９３ ２９１ ２i s d e f i n e d a s W s t e e lW HM＋W s c r a p＋W o r eˑ１００％,w h e r e W s t e e l i s t h em a s so f s t e e l t a p p e d i n t ot h e l a d l e,a n d W HM,W s c r a p a n d W o r e a r et h e m a s so fh o t m e t a l, s c r a p a n d i r o no r e c h a r g e d i n t oB O F,r e s p e c t i v e l y．４㊀D i s c u s s i o n４ １㊀O p t i m u mt i m i n g f o r d e s l a g g i n gＧ１㊀㊀T h eb e h a v i o ro f p h o s p h o r u sa t t h e i n i t i a l s t a g e o f b l o w w a ss t u d i e db y m e a n so f i n t e r m e d i a t es a mＧp l i n g e x p e r i m e n t i n s e v e r a l h e a t s．T h e s a m p l i n g w a s c o n d u c t e do n c eb y i n t e r r u p t i n g b l o wa td i f f e r e n tO２c o n s u m p t i o n f o r e a c hh e a t．㊀㊀T h e r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e d t h a t s i l i c o n i s o x i d i z e d v e r y３４I s s u e８㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀O p t i m i z a t i o no fL o wP h o s p h o r u sS t e e l P r o d u c t i o n W i t hD o u b l eS l a g P r o c e s s i nB O F㊀f a s t,a n dc a r b o nd e c r e a s e ss t e a d i l y,w h i l e t e m p e r aＧt u r e i n c r e a s e s l i n e a r l y．T h ev a r i a t i o no f p h o s p h o r u s i nm e t a l b a t hw i t h p r og r e s s o fO２b l o wc a nb e d i v i dＧe d i n t ot w os t a g e s,a ssh o w ni nF i g ４．B e f o r eb l oＧw i n g O２f o r１４m３/t(h o t m e t a l),p h o s p h o r u sd eＧc r e a s e sr a p i d l y w i t hi n c r e a s e o f O２c o n s u m p t i o n．T h i s s t a g e i s r e g a r d e da s t h e f a s td e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n p e r i o d．A f t e r t h e n,t h e d e p e n d e n c e o f p h o s p h o r u s o n O２c o n s u m p t i o n t u r n s t ob eu n n o t i c e a b l e．P h o s p h o rＧu s i sr e m o v e df r o m m e t a l p h a s et os l a gp h a s eb y a m e t a lＧs l a g r e a c t i o na n d m a s st r a n s f e r i n m e t a la n d s l a gp h a s e s．I nt h e f i r s ts t a g e,t h es l a g a m o u n t i nＧc r e a s e s s h a r p l y w i t h t h e p r o g r e s s o fO２b l o wb yg a iＧn i n g C a Of r o m a d d e dl i m ea n dS i O２o x i d i z e df r o m m e t a l b a t h．A c t i v i t yg r a d i e n t o f p h o s p h o r u s b e t w e e n m e t a l a n d s l a g p h a s e i s l a r g ew h i l e t h e b a t h t e m p e r aＧt u r e i s s t i l l a t l o wl e v e l．T h e r e f o r e,p h o s p h o r u sd eＧc r e a s e s r a p i d l y w i t ht h e s eb e n e f i t e dt h e r m o d y n a m i c c o n d i t i o n s f o rd e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n．A f t e rb l o w i n g O２f o r ac e r t a i nv a l u ew h e na l l s i l i c o ni n m e t a lb a t hi s o x i d i z e d,s l a g a m o u n t i sa l m o s t i n d e p e n d e n to fO２b l o w．M o r e o v e r,a c t i v i t yg r a d i e n t o f p h o s p h o r u s b eＧt w e e n m e t a la n d s l a g p h a s e d e c r e a s e s w h i l e b a t h t e m p e r a t u r e c l i m e su p．A sar e s u l t,d e p h o s p h o r i z aＧt i o nr a t es l o w sd o w na n dt h ed e p e n d e n c eo f p h o sＧp h o r u s o nO２c o n s u m p t i o n i su n n o t i c e a b l e ．F i g ４㊀V a r i a t i o no f p h o s p h o r u s i nm e t a l b a t h㊀㊀A c c o r d i n g l y,a t t h ee n do f f a s td e p h o s p h o r i z aＧt i o n p e r i o d,b l o w i n g O２f o r１４m３/t(h o tm e t a l)i n t h e p r e s e n t s t u d y i s r e g a r d e d a s t h e o p t i m u mt i m i n g f o r d e s l a g g i n gＧ１．H o w e v e r,i t i sm e r e l y a ne m p i r i c a l v a l u ed e r i v e df r o m t h el i m i t e de x p e r i m e n t a ld a t a, s i n c e t h e i n t e r m e d i a t es a m p l i n g sw e r en o td o n ef o r t h e s a m eh e a t a n d t h e i n f l u e n c e o f h o tm e t a l c o m p oＧs i t i o na n d t e m p e r a t u r ew e r en o t c o n s i d e r e d．㊀㊀D e s l a g g i n gＧ１i s c o n d u c t e d b y t i l t i n g t h e B O F f o r t h e t o p s l a g t of l o wi n t ot h es l a gp o t．B O Fi sr eＧt u r n e d t ot h eu p r i g h t p o s i t i o na ss o o na s l a r g ev o lＧu m e o f b l a c k s m o k e,t h e i n d i c a t i o no f t h e o u t f l o wo f m o l t e nm e t a l,i s g e n e r a t e d i nt h es l a gp o t．D e s l a gＧg i n g r a t i o i s r o u g h l y c a l c u l a t e d t o５８％－６９％f o r t h e t r i a l h e a t sa c c o r d i n g t ot h e m a s sb a l a n c e．S i n c et h e d e s l a g g i n g r a t i o i sd i f f i c u l t t oc o n t r o l a n dd e t e r m i n e p r e c i s e l y,t h ei n f l u e n c eo fd e s l a g g i n g r a t i oo n d eＧp h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i s n o t d i s c u s s e d i n t h i s p a p e r．４ ２㊀D e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ１㊀㊀F i g ５s h o w s t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n p h o s p h o rＧu s c o n t e n t i nm e t a l b a t h a t b l o wＧ２e n d a n d a t b l o wＧ１e n d．T h e i m p o r t a n c eo f d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ１i so b v i o u s．T o p r o d u c el o w p h o s p h o r u s s t e e l b y d o u b l e s l a gp r o c e s s,i t i sn e c e s s a r y t or e d u c e p h o sＧp h o r u s i nb l o wＧ１a s l o wa s p o s s i b l e ．F i g ５㊀R e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n p h o s p h o r u s c o n t e n t i ns t e e l a t b l o wＧ２e n da n da t b l o wＧ１e n d㊀㊀T h e i n f l u e n c e o fO２c o n s u m p t i o n o nd e p h o s p h oＧr i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ１h a s b e e nd i s c u s s e d i n t h e p r e v i o u s s e c t i o n．A f t e r t h e f a s td e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n p e r i o d,n o r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n p h o s p h o r u sa n d O２c o n s u m pＧt i o nc a nb e c l e a r l y o b s e r v e d．㊀㊀F i g ６s h o w s t h e i n f l u e n c eo f i n t e r m e d i a t es l a g c o m p o s i t i o n i n c l u d i n g b a s i c i t y a n d t o t a l i r o nc o n t e n t (T F e)o n p h o s p h o r u s i nm e t a l b a t ha n d p h o s p h o r u s d i s t r i b u t i o nr a t i ob e t w e e ns l a g a n d m e t a lb a t h,L P (w(P)/w[P]),a tb l o wＧ１e n d．I t i sr o u g h l y i n d i c a t e d t h a td e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n s h o w sa ni n c r e a s eＧd e c r e a s e t e n d e n c y b o t hw i t h i n c r e a s e o f b a s i c i t y a n d t o t a l i r o n c o n t e n t．S l a g sw i t hb a s i c i t y o f１ ５t o２ ２a n d m a s s p e r c e n t o f t o t a l i r o no fa b o u t１０％t o１５％e x h i b i t b e t t e r d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n p e r f o r m a n c e．D e p h o s p h o r iＧz a t i o n i n b l o wＧ１w a s a l s o c o r r e l a t e dw i t h t h e t e m p e rＧa t u r eo f m e t a lb a t h a tb l o wＧ１e n d．H o w e v e r,n o c l e a r t e n d e n c y c a nb e o b s e r v e d．㊀㊀D e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nB O F c a nb e e x p r e s s e db y t h e４４ ㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀J o u r n a l o f I r o na n dS t e e lR e s e a r c h,I n t e r n a t i o n a l㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀V o l ２０㊀F i g ６㊀I n f l u e n c e o f i n t e r m e d i a t e s l a g c o m p o s i t i o no nd e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ１e x o t h e r m i c r e a c t i o na tm e t a l/s l a g i n t e rf a c e:㊀㊀[P]＋５２[O]＋３２(O２－)＝(P O３－４)(１)㊀㊀F r o m t h e p e r s p e c t i v eo ft h e r m o d y n a m i c s,i nＧc r e a s e o f s l a g b a s i c i t y i s f a v o r a b l e f o r p h o s p h o r u s r eＧm o v a l b y i n c r e a s i n g O２－i nE q n (１)．H o w e v e r,t h e m a s s t r a n s f e r i ns l a gp h a s ew i l l b e r e s t r a i n e dd u e t o i n c r e a s e da p p a r e n tv i s c o s i t y b y c o n s i d e r i n g k i n e t i c i s s u e s．I n c r e a s e o f t o t a l i r o n c o n t e n t i n s l a g i m p r o v e sd e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n b y e n l a r g i n g o x y g e n p o t e n t i a l,e n h a n c i n g l i q u i d p h a s er a t i oa n dd e c r e a s i n g s l a g v i sＧc o s i t y．Y e t t o om u c hT F e i n s l a g r e s u l t s i n a d e c r e a s e of O２－i n s l a g,w h i c h b r i ng s n e g a t i v e i n f l u e n c e s o n d e ph o sＧp h o ri z a t i o n．T h e s e a n a l y s e s e x p l a i n t h e i n c r e a s eＧd e c r e a s e t e n d e n c i e s a s p r e s e n t e d i nF i g ６．㊀㊀B a s e do nt h es l a g c o m p o s i t i o na n dt e m p e r a t u r e o fm e t a lb a t ha tb l o wＧ１e n d,t h ee q u i l i b r i u m L P i s c a l c u l a t e db y S u i t oᶄs e q u a t i o n[８]:㊀㊀l g L P＝２ ５l g w T F e＋０ ０７２(w C a O＋０ ３w M g O＋０ ６w P２O５＋０ ６w M n O)＋１１５７０T－１０ ５２(２)㊀㊀T h ec a l c u l a t e de q u i l i b r i u m L P w a sc o m p a r e d w i t h t h e o b s e r v e d i n s t a n t L P a t b l o wＧ１e n d i nF i g ７．A s c a nb e s e e n,t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e nt w o p h o sＧp h o r u sd i s t r i b u t i o nr a t i o si sn o tc l e a r．T h ei n s t a n t v a l u e i sm u c h l o w e r t h a n i t s e q u i l i b r i u mo n e i nm o s t c a s e s,i n d i c a t i n g t h a t d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ１i s f a rb e y o n de q u i l i b r i u m．T h e r e f o r e,i t i sc o n s i d e r e d t h a te q u i l i b r i u m t h e r m o d y n a m i cc o n d i t i o n sa r en o t d e c i s i v e f a c t o r s t o i m p r o v e d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i n b l o wＧ１．㊀㊀A s s u m i n g t h a t d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n r a t e i nb l o wＧ１i sd e t e r m i n e db y a f i r s t o r d e r r e a c t i o no rm a s s t r a n sＧf e r a s e x p r e s s e d i nE q n (２)．㊀㊀d w[P]d t＝－k P w[P](３)F i g ７㊀C o m p a r i s o no f c a l c u l a t e d e q u i l i b r i u m L P a n do b s e r v e d i n s t a n t L P a t b l o wＧ１e n d㊀㊀T h e a p p a r e n t r a t e c o n s t a n t o f d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n (k P)i n c r e a s e s w i t ht h ei n c r e a s eo fa v e r a g ed e c a rＧb u r i z a t i o nr a t ea n di n b l o wＧ１,a ss h o w ni n F i g ８．S i m i l a r f i n d i n g sw e r e r e p o r t e db y e x p e r i m e n t s i na n ８t c o n v e r t e r[９]．A d d i t i o no f i r o no r e i nb l o wＧ１a l s o i m p r o v e sd e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n,a s s h o w n i nF i g ９．H o wＧe v e r,n o c o r r e l a t i o n i s o b s e r v e db e t w e e n t h e r a t e o fF i g ８㊀I n f l u e n c e o f a v e r a g e d e c a r b u r i z a t i o n r a t e o na p p a r e n t r a t e c o n s t a n t o f d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ１F i g ９㊀I n f l u e n c e o f i r o no r e a d d i t i o no na p p a r e n tr a t e c o n s t a n t o f d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ１５４I s s u e８㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀O p t i m i z a t i o no fL o wP h o s p h o r u sS t e e l P r o d u c t i o n W i t hD o u b l eS l a g P r o c e s s i nB O F㊀d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o na n d t h e t e m p e r a t u r eo r s l a g c o mＧp o s i t i o n．A c c o r d i n g l y,d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n r a t e i n b l o wＧ１i s b e l i e v e dt o b e d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e m a s s t r a n s f e r o f p h o s p h o r u s f r o m m e t a l/s l a g i n t e r f a c et ob u l ks l a gp h a s e i n t h e p r e s e n t s t u d y．P r o g r e s s o f d eＧc a r b u r i z a t i o n g e n e r a t e s l a r g e v o l u m e o f C O g a s w h i c hs t r o n g l y a g i t a t e s t h es l a g l a y e ra nd i m p r o ve s t h em a s s t r a n sf e r o f p h o s p h o r u s f r o m m e t a l/s l ag i nＧt e r f a c et ob u l ks l a gph a s e,t h u si m p r o v i n g t h ed eＧp h o s p h o r i z a t i o nr a t e．O p t i m u m a d d i t i o no f i r o no r e o r o t h e r i r o no x i d ec o n t a i n i n g m a t e r i a l s i sr e g a r d e d a s a s i m p l e a n d e f f e c t i v e o p e r a t i o n t o o b t a i n g o o d d eＧp h o s p h o r i z a t i o n p e r f o r m a n c ei n b l o wＧ１d u et oi mＧp r o v e dd e c a r b u r i z a t i o n,a s p r o v e d i nF i g ８．４ ３㊀D e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ２㊀㊀A ss h o w ni n F i g ４,m o s t p h o s p h o r u si n h o t m e t a l i s r e m o v e d i nb l o wＧ１,y e t p h o s p h o r u s r e m o v a l i s s t i l l i n p r o g r e s s i nb l o wＧ２．F i g １０p r e s e n t s t h e d eＧp e n d e n c e o f p h o s p h o r u s i nm e t a l b a t h a n d p h o s p h o rＧu s d i s t r i b u t i o nr a t i ob e t w e e ns l a g a n d m e t a l b a t ha t b l o wＧ２e n do ns l a g c o m p o s i t i o n．I t i s c l e a r l y i n d i c aＧt e d t h a td e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i s i m p r o v e d w i t ht h e i nＧc r e a s eo fb a s i c i t y o fs l a g．F o rh e a t sw i t hf i n a ls l a g b a s i c i t y l a r g e r t h a n４ ０,m a s s p e r c e n t o f p h o s p h o r u s i ns t e e l d o e sn o t e x c e e d０ ００６％．I n c r e a s eo f t o t a l i r o n c o n t e n t i ns l a g a l s or e s u l t s i nt h ed e c r e a s eo f p h o sＧp h o r u s c o n t e n t a n d i n c r e a s e o f L P ．F i g １０㊀I n f l u e n c e o f f i n a l s l a g c o m p o s i t i o no nd e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ２㊀㊀T a p p i n g t e m p e r a t u r e i sa n o t h e r f a c t o r t h a t i nＧf l u e n c e sd e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o ni nb l o wＧ２．A ss h o w ni n F i g １１,p h o s p h o r u s c o n t e n t i n c r e a s e s a n d L P d e c r e aＧs e sw i t ht h e i n c r e a s eo f t a p p i n g t e m p e r a t u r e．B o t h s l a g c o m p o s i t i o na n d t e m p e r a t u r e t h e r m o d y n a m i c a lＧl y i n f l u e n c e t h ed e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ２a c c o r dＧi n g t oE q n (１)．㊀㊀B a s e do n t h e s l a g c o m p o s i t i o n s a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t b l o wＧ２e n d,t h ee q u i l i b r i u m L P i sa l s oc a l c u l a t e d i nE q n (２)a n dc o m p a r e d w i t ht h e i n s t a n t L P,a s s h o w n i nF i g １２．T h ed i f f e r e n c eb e t w e e nt w o p h o sＧp h o r u s d i s t r i b u t i o n r a t i o s i sn o t a s l a r g e a s t h e c a s e sF i g １１㊀I n f l u e n c e o f t e m p e r a t u r e o nd e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ２a tb l o wＧ１e n d．C o m p a r e d w i t hb l o wＧ１,t h ek i n e t ic c o nd i t i o n s a r em u c hbe t t e r i nb l o wＧ２a sw e l l a s l o nＧg e r r e a c t i o nt i m e．D e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o na tb l o wＧ２e n d i s c l o s e r t o e q u i l i b r i u ms t a t e t h a n t h a t a t b l o wＧ１e n d．I t c a na l s ob en o t i c e d t h a t i n s t a n t L P i n c r e a s e sw i t h t h e i n c r e a s e of i t s e q u i l i b r i u mv a l u e．T h e r e f o r e,d eＧp h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i nb l o wＧ２i s c o n s i d e r e d t ob ed e t e rＧm i n e db y t h e e q u i l i b r i u mt h e r m o d y n a m i c c o n d i t i o n s s u c ha s s l ag c o m p o s i t i o na n d t e m p e r a t u r e．５㊀C o n c l u s i o n s㊀㊀１)B l o w i n g O２f o r１４m３/t(h o tm e t a l)i s r e g a rＧd e da s t h e o p t i m u mt i m i n g f o r d e s l a g g i n gＧ１．㊀㊀２)I nb l o wＧ１,d e p h o s p h o r i z a t i o n i sd e t e r m i n e d b y t h em a s s t r a n s f e r o f p h o s p h o r u s f r o m m e t a l/s l a g i n t e r f a c e t o b u l k s l a gp h a s e r a t h e r t h a n e q u i l i b r i u m６４ ㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀J o u r n a l o f I r o na n dS t e e lR e s e a r c h,I n t e r n a t i o n a l㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀V o l ２０㊀。