最新中考初中英语常用构词法归纳

中考初中英语常用构词法归纳
词汇的分类和构词法
一、复习要点阐述
我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。

每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。

单词是语言构成的最基础内容，教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。

”这句话说明了一件事，就是词汇量的重要性。

就像我们自己的国语中文，一个孩子从小到大，在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇，所以运用起来很自如。

如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法，了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。

所以在今天的专题中，我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法，使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解，并能正确的使用词汇。

二、要点复习的策略及技巧
（一）英语的词类
英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。

根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。

实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。

这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。

虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。

这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。

下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。

从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。

同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。

这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。

（二）构词法
语言的基本要素之一是词汇。

在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇，这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念，构成语言最基本的词，称为原生词，也叫基本词或词根词。

英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。

如：sun, man, head, foot, fish, see, run等，其数量是有限的。

随着社会的发展与进步，语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂，原有的原生词已不够用，人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念，按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法，就是我们所说的构词法。

在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法，了解了这些构词法，我们对词的用法就更方便一些。

1. 合成法
合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。

1)名词+名词→名词
basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店
book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动
home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业
2) 形容词+名词→名词
black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人
loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器
3)动词的-ing形式＋名词
dining room 餐厅drinking water 饮用水sewing machine 缝纫机
running water 自来水washing machine 洗衣机writing desk 写字桌
walking stick 拐杖writing paper 信纸
4)名词＋动词的-ing形式
shoe-making 制作鞋子letter-writing 写信handwriting 书法
dressmaking 做裙子story-telling 讲故事central heating 中央供暖
注意：合成词的构成方式有3种：
①词与词之间加连字符“-”；②词与词合成一个词；③词与词分开；
3) 介词+名词→名词(或形容词)
after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午under(在下面)+ground (地面) → underground地下的
4) 名词+过去分词→形容词
man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的
5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词
glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的6) 副词+名词→介词
in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下
2. 派生法
派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。

它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。

后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义)：
1)动词或形容词+er/or →名词
write (v.)写→writer (n.)作者travel (v.) 旅行→traveler (n.)旅客
foreign (adj.)外国的→foreigner( n.)外国人
invent (v.)发明→inventor (n.)发明家visit (v.) 参观→ visitor (n.)参观者
2) 动词+(t)ion/sion → 名词
invent (v.)发明→invention( n.)发明operate( v.)做手术→operation( n.)手术
decide( v.)决定→ decision( n.)决定attend (v. )注意/参加→ attention( n.)注意
3) 动词+ing/ed → 名词或形容词
build v. 建筑→building n.建筑物interest v.使感兴趣→intere sting/interested adj.有趣的
please v.使高兴→pleased adj.高兴的
4) 名词+ese →名词和形容词
China( n.)中国→Chinese ( n.)中国人(adj.)汉语的
Japan( n.) 日本→Japanese ( n.) 日本人(adj.)日语的
5) 名词或动词+ ful →形容词
help( n.) 帮助→helpful (adj)有帮助的use( n.)使用→ useful( adj.) 有用的
6) 动词+able → 形容词
enjoy( v.) 喜欢→enjoyable( adj.)有趣的forget (v.) 忘记→ forgettable( adj.) 容易被忘的
7) 名词+en →形容词
wool ( n.) 羊毛→woolen (adj.)羊毛的wood ( n.) 木材→wooden( adj.)木制的
8) 名词+y → 形容词
sun ( n.) 太阳→sunny (adj.)阳光灿烂的cloud ( n.) 云→ cloudy (adj.)多云的
luck( n.) 运气→ lucky( adj.)运气好的noise( n.) 响声→noisy( adj.)喧闹的
smell ( n.) 味道,气味→smelly (adj.) 有使人难受的气味的,臭的
9)形容词+ly →副词
happy( adj) 高兴的→happily (adv.) 高兴地wide (adj.) 宽广的→widely (adv.) 宽广地
10) 形容词+ness → 名词
good (adj.) 好的→goodness ( n.)好意kind (adj.) 善良的→k indness ( n.)和蔼
happy (adj.) 开心的→happiness (n.) 开心
11) 名词+ly →形容词
friend ( n.) 朋友→friendly (adj.)友好的love ( n.) 爱→lovely (adj.)可爱的
12) 名词+ less →形容词(词义与加ful相反)
care + less →careless (adj.) 粗心的help + less →helpless (adj.) 无助的
13) 名词+ al →形容词
nation ( n.)民族→national adj. 国家的education ( n.)教育→educational adj.教育性的
tradition ( n.) 传统→traditional adj. 传统的
14) 名词+ ist →名词
science( n.)科学→scientist ( n.)科学家piano ( n.)钢琴→pianist ( n.)钢琴家
tour ( n.) 旅游,观光旅行→tourist ( n.) 旅行者，观光客
15) 动词+ ment →名词
develop (v.)发展→development( n.)发展agree (v.)同意→agreement ( n.) 同意，一致, 协议
argue (v.) 争论，辩论→argument ( n.) 争吵;论据
16) 形容词+ ity →名词
able (adj.) 能够的→ability ( n.)能力，才能possible (adj.)可能的→possibility ( n.) 可能性
real( adj.) 真的,真实的→reality( n.) 现实,实际,真实
17) 名词+ous →形容词
danger ( n.)危险→dangerous (adj.)危险的
18) 名词+ish →形容词
fool ( n.) 愚人，傻瓜→foolish (adj.)愚蠢的，傻的child ( n.)孩子→childish (adj.)孩子气的，幼稚的book ( n.) 书→bookish( adj.)书生气的
19) 形容词或名词+en →动词
wide (adj.) 广泛的,宽阔的→widen (v.) 弄宽sharp( adj.) 锋利的,急剧的→shar pen (v.) 使...尖锐,变为锐利
fright( n.) 惊吓→frighten (v.) 使惊吓, 害怕，惊恐
20) 名词或形容词+ify →动词
beauty (n.)美丽→beautify (v.) 美化,变美,修饰simple (adj.)简单的→simplify (v.) 简化,使单纯
21) 形容词+ize →动词
real (adj.) 真的，真实的→realize (v.)了解, 实现, 察觉;领悟memory ( n.)记忆力→memorize (v.)记忆22) 动词+tive →形容词
act (v.) 行为,行动→active (adj.) 积极的,主动的
attract (v.) 吸引,有吸引力→attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的,引起注意的
23)动词+ess →名词(女性)
host (v.)主持,做东→hostess (n.) 女主人act( v.) 行动,扮演→actress (n.) 女演员
wait (v.)等待,等候→waitress( n.) 女侍者,女服务员
前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)：
1) un- (不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)
happy (高兴的) → unhappy(不高兴的)
like (像) → unlike(不像)
2) im- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p, b, m开头的单词前)
possible (可能的) → impossible(不可能的)
polite （礼貌的）→ impolite（不礼貌的）
3) in- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)
Active（活跃的）→inactive（不活跃的）
Complete（完全的）→i ncomplete 不完全的
4) dis-(不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀)
honest （诚实的）→dishonest（不诚实的）agree（同意）→disagree（不同意）
advantage优势→disadvantage不利,不利条件
5) mis- (表示错误)
understand （理解）→misunderstand (误解)
mistake (错误)→misuse (误用)
6) re- (再，重复)
tell 叙述→ retell复述build 建筑→ rebu ild 重建
write （写）→rewrite（重写）
7) bi- (两个、双边的) bicolor 双色的
8) inter- (相互、交互、在一起)
interview, international, internet
9) tele- (远) telephone, television
10) kilo- (千)
meter 米→kilometer 公里，千米
gram 克→kilogram 千克
11) micro- (微，小)
microwave oven 微波炉
microcomputer 微型电脑
12) sub- (下，次，亚，准，副)
subway 地铁，sub-zero 零度以下的，subcollege 准大学程度的，subworker 助手，副手，
suboffice 分办事处，subcompany分公司
3. 转化法
在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法——转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现词类的转化。

1) 名词→动词
rain n.雨→rain v.下雨shop n. 商店→shop v.购物
water n.水→water v.浇水land n.陆地→land v.着陆name n.名字→name v.命名
[注意] 不少动词转化为名词或名词转化为动词，词义没有什么大变化，易于推测出词义。

如：answer(回答)，change(变化), fight(打架), love(爱), rest(休息), smile(微笑), shout(喊), study(学习), talk(谈话), visit(访问), wish(希望), work(工作)等。

2)形容词→动词
last adj.最后的last v.持续tidy adj.整洁的tidy v.使整洁own adj.自己的own v.拥有
3) 形容词→名词
back adj.后面的back n.背部，后面light adj.明亮的light n.灯
4) 动词→名词
stop v.停止stop n.车站lift v.举起lift n.电梯
[注意]
①词形不变，读音的差别(字母s读[z]为动词，读[s]为名词或形容词)
use v.使用use n.用途
excuse v.原谅excuse n.借口
②词形改变的转化：
live v.生活life n.生活fill v.装满full adj.满的save v.救safe adj.安全的
enter v.进入entrance n.入口处different adj.不同的difference n.不同之处
注意：形容词---名词
important—importance different—difference
4．缩写和简写
缩略法是把原有的词汇通过缩短，在读音和写法方面呈现新的形式。

这种构词方式用得很普遍，特别是近几年来，随着科学技术的飞速发展，产生了很多新的缩略词。

缩略法主要有如下几种。

（1）剪切法：剪切法是指从某个词的完整形式中删除一个或更多音节，由此构成新词的方法。

①剪切原词的开始部分
bicycle—cycle 自行车taxicab—cab 出租车
airplane/aeroplane—plane 飞机telephone—phone 电话
②剪切原词的中间部分
examination—exam 考试taxicab—taxi 出租车
photograph—photo 图片laboratory—lab 实验室
（2）混成法
混成法是指由两个词混合或紧缩而成为一个复合词的方法。

这种复合词都保留了原来两个词的一部分，其后半部分表示主体，前半部分表示属性。

breakfast＋lunch→brunch早晨和中午之间的饭
smoke＋fog→smog浓烟
motor＋hotel→motel汽车旅馆
boat＋motor→botor电动船
news＋broadcast→newscast新闻广播
television＋broadcast→telecast电视广播
cheese＋hamburger→cheeseburger放有干酪的肉饼
beef＋hamburger→beefburger煎牛肉饼
European＋television→Eurovision欧洲电视网
词汇的分类和构词法专项练习
根据句子的意义，用所给单词的正确形式填空。

1．It is one of the highest _______(build) in this city.
2．Liu Yutian is the first person to walk the whole _______(long) of the Great Wall.
3．I don’t know how to make the problem much _______(easy).
4．This baby just has three _______(tooth).
5．He was one of the _______(run) who won the race.
6．Look at the sun. Today is a _______(sun) day.
7．The students are enjoying _______(them) on the beach.
8．I’m afraid he’s made the wrong _______(decide) on that matter.
9．Mrs Brown became _______(worry) when she heard the news about her son.
10．Tony got the _______(two) place in the maths exam last month.
11．There is a _______(cut) machine in the middle of the workshop.
12．The wind blew _______(heavy) on the evening of Christmas Day.
13．Let’s have ten _______(minute) rest first, then we’ll go on collecting the litter.
14．Li Hua won the first place in the sports meet. He is the _______(proud) of our class.
15．Three Japanese _______(climber) were trapped on the mountain last Tuesday.
16．The TV play is so _______(interest) that I want to see it again.
17．Look! How _______(happy) the children are dancing!
18．The room next to mine is always _______(noise).
19．Don’t open your books. Please keep them _______(close).
20．The dictionary is very _______(help) to my study.
21．I’m going to give my sister some _______(beauty) flowers for her graduation.
22．The weather here is very fine. We have a lot of _______(sun) every day.
23．Among all his _______(invent), that is the most important one in his life.
24．A form was given Maggie to fill in her _______(person) information.
25．China is a _______country while America is a _______ country.(develop)
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
Happiness is for everyone. You don't need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.
In fact happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you. When you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health. When you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you. When you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy too. All these are your happiness. If you notice them you can see that happiness is always around you.
Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy because you have something else that can't be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy because you have more chances to challenge yourselves. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. If you take every chance you get, you will be a happy and lucky person.
（1）Happiness is for .
A. all people
B. those who have a lot money
C. those who have large and beautiful houses
D. those who have cars
（2）When you do something wrong, .
A. you have no chance to challenge you
B. people around you will help you
C. your classmates will laugh at you
D. you will be happy
（3）"Happiness is not the same as money" means .
A. money doesn't always bring happiness
B. money always brings happiness
C. everything can always bring happiness
D. only rich people have happiness
（4）Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Life and Success
B. Happiness and Luck
C. Do Something Good to Others
D. Happiness
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要论述了快乐无处不在，只要你抓住你的每一次机会，你就会快乐。

（1）细节理解题，根据Happiness is for everyone.可知，快乐是每一个人的，也就是所有人的，故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据When you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it.可知，当你做错了事，你身边的人不帮助你改正。

故答案是B。

（3）句意猜测题，一般而言，金钱可以买到一切物质性的东西，但是快乐是内心的一种感受，是不能够用金钱买到的，因此说金钱并不能够总是买到一切。

故答案是A。

（4）标题判断题，从文章的第一句Happiness is for everyone.到文章的最后一句you will be a happy and lucky person.都是围绕着快乐展开论述的，故答案是D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题主要涉及到了细节理解题、句意猜测题和标题判断题，细节理解题一般可以直接从文中找到答案，句意猜测则需要根据其字面意思或者该句的前后句进行合理的想象和推理，而标题判断题则需要在从分理解文章的基础上，提炼中心，凝练句式。

2．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。

While watching the Olympics the other night, I came across an unbelievable sight. It was not a gold medal, nor a world record broken, but a show of someone’s strong determination to win.
The event was a swimming and started with only three men on the blocks. For one reason or another, two of them made mistake when they started, so they were kicked out. That would have been difficult enough, not having anyone to race against, even though the time on the clock is what’s important.
I watch the man jump into the water and knew right away that something was wrong. Now I’m not an expert swimmer but I do know a good jump from a poor one, and this was not exactly medal quality. When he was swimming, the crowd started to laugh. Clearly this man was not a medal competitor.
I listened to the crowd begin to laugh at this poor man that was clearly having a hard time. Finally he made his turn to start back. He tried his best, but clearly he was exhausted.
But when they saw the man keeping on trying , they stopped laughing and beginning to cheer. Some even to stand and say: “Come , you can do it!” and “ Go for it！”
A few minutes later ,this young man finally finished his race. The crowd went wild. You would have thought
that he had won the gold, and he should have. Even though he recorded one of the slowest times in Olympic history, this man gave more heart than any of the other competitors.
Just a short year ago, he had never swam, let alone raced. His country had been asked to Sydney as manners.
In a competition where players remove their silver medals feeling they have somehow been cheated out of gold, or when they act so proudly in front of their competitors, it is nice to watch this game.
A man that gave his all-knowing that he had no chance, but competed because of the spirit of the games.（1）When did the event happen?
A. in the evening
B. in the afternoon
C. in the morning
D. one night
（2）The underlined word “exhausted” in paragraph 4 in closest in meaning to _______.
A. confident
B. very tired
C. happy
D. very angry
（3）When did the man in the article learn to swim?
A. When he was a child
B. Three years ago
C. About one year ago
D. Many years ago
（4）Why did the crowd laugh at the man at first?
A. Because they thought his swimming skill is bad.
B. Because they didn’t like him.
C. Because the man was funny.
D. Because the man was stupid.
（5）What can we learn from the passage?
A. The writer is an expert in swimming
B. There are many swimmers in the competition.
C. The man is hard-working
D. The man was well trained for swimming.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
（5）C
【解析】【分析】
⑴细节理解。

根据第一段第一句While watching the Olympics the other night, I came across an unbelievable sight可知是一天晚上在看奥运比赛的时候，故选D。

⑵词义猜测。

根据第四段句意：最后他转身往回游，他尽了最大努力，但是明显精疲力尽了。

confident自信的；very tired非常疲劳的；happy高兴的；very angry非常生气的。

故选B。

⑶细节理解。

根据倒数第三段Just a short year ago, he had never swam, let alone raced.可知一年前还不会游泳，更不用说比赛，故选C。

⑷推理判断。

根据第三段Now I’m not an expert swimmer but I do know a good jump from a poor one, and this was not exactly medal quality可知我虽然不是专业的但是还能分得出跳跃的好坏，他不具备奖牌的实力。

故选A。

⑸细节理解。

根据文章第四段He tried his best, but clearly he was exhausted.可知他尽最大的努力，倒数第三段的Just a short year ago, he had never swam, let alone raced可知他一年前还不会游泳，所以他是一个勤奋的人。

故选C。

【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。

3．阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.
Venice is in the north-east of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.
Even so, travel isn't difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 177 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat. They like to enjoy the scenery and the cool summer night while taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along.
Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1, 500 years ago, and built homes there.
Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special but when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.
Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimetres. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean (北冰洋) melt (融化).
Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.
Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be built under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.
（1）According to the passage, Venice is ________ of Italy.
A. in the north-east
B. in the west
C. in the south-west
D. in the south
（2）________ have always been the best way to go here and there in the city.
A. Taxis and cars
B. The waterways
C. 400 bridges
D. Boats and rain shoes
（3）Venice ________ small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1, 500 years ago.
A. changed into
B. turned into
C. became
D. developed from
（4）Which is NOT the reason why the city gets lower and lower?
A. The higher temperature.
B. Overused underground water.
C. Too many waterways.
D. The rising seawater.
（5）The passage is mainly about ________ of Venice.
A. the waterways and bridges
B. the MOST project and problems
C. the features and problems
D. the history and scenery
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
（5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了威尼斯是一座水上城市，还有它的地理位置，近况以及面临的问题。

（1）细节理解题。

根据Venice is in the northeast of Italy．可知威尼斯位于意大利的东北部。

故选A。

（2）细节理解题。

根据The waterways have always been the best way to get around．可知水路是最好的出行方式。

故选B。

（3）细节理解题。

根据Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1，500 years ago，and built homes there．可知威尼斯从咸水湖小岛发展而成。

故选D。

（4）细节理解题。

根据Once，people used too much underground water．This made the city get lower little by little．Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters．Another problem is the rising seawater．The temperature has risen over the years．This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean （北冰洋）melt．可知太多的水路与城市变得越来越低没有关系。

故选C。

（5）主旨归纳题。

根据语境Even so，travel isn't difficult．The waterways have always been the best way to get around．和Anyway，this project is helping solve theproblem．可知文章主要说的是威尼斯的特色和问题。

故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。

4．根据短文理解选择正确答案。

D
In Paris, one freezing winter evening, I was having dinner with my friend, Mr. Dupin, the famous detective. We had just finished our meal, when there was a loud knocking at the door. Dupin opened it. There stood Mr. Germain, the chief警长）of the Paris Police.
We welcomed him warmly, for he was an old acquaintance（熟人）whom we hadn't seen for a great time.
"I need your assistance," said Germain. "I met a case（案件）that has been giving me a great deal of trouble. It is very simple but very strange."
“Also, please keep this secret. If anyone found out that I told you this. I would certainly lose my job.”
“Well, then,” said the Chief,” I have learned that a very important letter has been stolen from the king. We are sure who stole it and that the letter is in his house."
"But who would dare do such a thing" I cried.
"The thief," said Germain softly, "He's a man who darers do many dangerous things. He is one of the most powerful and important ministers in the government. He is Minister Danton.”
"A lot of times, while Minister Danton was out, a lot of well-trained police officers carefully searched the entire h ouse, room by room. In fact, we examined everything in the house but found nothing."…
A month later, Dupin asked Germain and me to his house. There he took out a letter and handed it to the Chief. We were both very surprised.
Dupin explained, "I know Minister Danton very well. He could not hide the letter in any of the usual hiding places. I realized that he might have left the letter out in the open, right under everyone's nose, where no one would search for it."
"Then I visited him with my dark glasses on to help me observe（观察）better. While we were chatting, a dirty, torn letter in the letter holder suddenly caught my eyes-unusual for the Minister, who is careful and neat."
"I was sure it was the letter."
"Then I purposely left my gloves behind so I could come back again."
"The next morning, I hired a man to fire a gun on the street, while the Minister went to see what happened, I stole the letter by replacing it with a similar one, On it Dupin wrote these words:
Your plan was good, but mine was better
As you can see, I took the letter.
----Based on a story by Edgar Allan Poe
（1）The underlined word "assistance" in the third paragraph probably meanshere.
A. hobby
B. help
C. habit
D. holiday
（2）Who is the best at solving difficult cases according to the passage?
A. The writer.
B. Mr. Germain.
C. Mr. Dupin.
D. Minister Danton.
（3）Dupin did all the following things to help get the letter back EXCEPT .
A. wearing his dark glasses when visiting Danton's house
B. leaving his gloves purposely behind in Danton's house
C. hiring a man to fire a gun on the street the next morning
D. writing some words on the letter he put into the letter holder
（4）From the passage we can infer that .
A. Dupin and Danton are also acquaintances
B. Dupin and the writer are both detectives
C. Danton and the writer are new friends
D. Germain and Danton are dangerous enemies
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文讲述法国巴黎的著名侦探杜宾先生的故事。

警长因为一个棘手的案子请杜宾帮忙找回国王丢失的一封信，他知道信在部长那里，但是就是找不到。

杜宾先生去了部长家里，凭着敏锐的眼睛发现了那封信的所在，然后巧妙的将信调包，帮助了警长。

（1）词义猜测。

根据I met a case（案件）that has been giving me a great deal of trouble可知警长遇到了很麻烦的案子请杜宾先生帮忙。

hobby爱好；help帮助；habit习惯；holiday假期。

故选B。

（2）推理判断。

根据文章内容In fact, we examined everything in the house but found nothing.和A month later, Dupin asked Germain and me to his house. There he took out a letter and handed it to the Chief. 可知没人找到那封信在哪里，但是一个月后杜宾先生找到了，故选C。

（3）细节理解。

注意题目：为了得到那封信，杜宾先生做了以下事情，除了哪一个。

根据 "Then I visited him with my dark glasses on to help me observe（观察）better.可知A项正确；根据Then I purposely left my gloves behind so I could come back again可知B项正确；根据The next morning, I hired a man to fire a gun on the street可知C正确；根据I stole the letter by replacing it with a similar one, On it Dupin wrote these words……可知D项虽然也是文章内容，但是并不是杜宾为了取得信而做的事情。

所以选D。

（4）推理判断。

根据I know Minister Danton very well. 和I visited him with my dark glasses on以及While we were chatting,可知杜宾与丹顿部长是熟人。

故选A。

【点评】故事类阅读要紧扣故事的时间线索，人物间的关系，故事的发展和结局，点明的主旨等信息。

答
题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据关键词查找信息，切忌主观臆断，凭感觉做题
5．阅读理解
Abdul Sadiq, an Afghanistan's only professional cyclist, began by training his daughter. And when she competed successfully abroad, he set up the team. It is the world's most unlikely sporting team, because the sport breaks taboos in a country where in many traditional communities, women are not allowed out of the house.
The head coach faces frequent threats and the girls' families do not always approve "If it's not their fathers trying to stop them, it's a brother or uncle."
Two members of the team, Massouma, 18, and Zarab, 17, are sisters. Their father and their brothers approve, but they know that their uncles complain to their father. "They will never come in front of us to say ‘Why are you cycling?', but they say bad words to our father," she said. His team have, however, competed and won regionally against Bangladesh and Pakistan.
"We want to go cycling because we want to be heroes one day," said 16-year-old Jella, one of the latest riders. In one of the mildest and driest winters for many years, training has gone on without stopping. And next spring, the girls will go up into the mountains. "We say that women should not sit at home, they need to come out and do sports," said Abdul Sadiq, And 18- year-old Zainab said she wished that she could just go cycling alone on the street one day. "It's my ambition, and I hope that one day girls will be allowed to go cycling on the streets, not having a coach, or anyone with them, and they will not have problems," she said.
（1）What does Abdul Sadiq do?
A. A teacher.
B. A cyclist.
C. A reporter.
D. A driver.
（2）What does the underlined word "taboos" mean in Chinese?
A. 禁忌
B. 警告
C. 符号
D. 风俗
（3）From the third paragraph, we can know
A. Massouma and Zarab's parents approve of their joining the team
B. Massouma and Zarab's uncles are against their cycling
C. Massouma and Zarab don't want to join the team
D. Massouma and Zarab are both very old
（4）What was Zainab's dream?
A. Her mother approving her cycling.
B. Going cycling alone on the street.
C. Joining the team.
D. Winning against Bangladesh and Pakistan.
（5）Where may you see the passage?
A. In a storybook.
B. In a fashion magazine.
C. In a travel guide book.
D. In a sports newspaper.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）B
（5）D
【解析】【分析】主要讲了阿卜杜勒·萨迪克是阿富汗唯一的职业自行车手，他从训练女儿开始。

当她在国外比赛成功时，他组建了这个队。

这是世界上最不可能的运动队，因为这项运动打破了许多传统社区禁止妇女出门的禁忌。

（1）细节题。

根据Abdul Sadiq, an Afghanistan's only professional cyclist可知阿卜杜勒·萨迪克是阿富汗唯一的职业自行车手，故选B。

（2）细节题。

根据where in many traditional communities, women are not allowed out of the house.可知许多传统社区禁止妇女出门，所以是打破了禁忌，故选A。

（3）细节题。

根据Two members of the team, Massouma, 18, and Zarab, 17, are sisters. Their father and their brothers approve, but they know that their uncles complain to their father.可知Massouma和Zarab的叔叔反对他们骑自行车，故选B。

（4）细节题。

根据And 18- year-old Zainab said she wished that she could just go cycling alone on the street one day.可知Zainab希望一天独自在街上骑自行车，故选B。

（5）细节题。

根据全文可知与骑自行车有关，所以在体育报纸上看到，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。