十四行诗与中国古诗的对比研究

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十四行诗与中国古诗的对比研究
第一首
From fairest creatures we desire increase,
That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
But as the riper should by time decrease
His tender heir might bear his memory:
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,
Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies --
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.
Thou that art now the wold's fresh ornament
And only herald to the gaudy spring
Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
And tender churl mak'st waste in niggarding.
Pity the world, or else this glutton be --
To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.
第1-14首,第16、17首,主旨都是劝一位美貌的青年朋友娶妻生子。

1、increse:reproduction,procretion;繁殖,繁衍。

2、That:So that.rose:有两解:(1)prime;(2)example;莎士比亚常用rose比喻“青春”或“典范”。

3、But as:And that though.the riper:the riper rose.by time:in time,in due course.decease:die。

4、His...his:Its...its,i.e. of the riper rose;莎士比亚时仍常用his 作中性第三人称单数代词的所有格。

tender:young,娇嫩的。

bear:carry on;注意此字含双关义,使人既联想到baer fruit,双联想到bear a child。

5、thou...thine:you...your;伊丽莎白时代,第二人称单数代词常用thou(主),其变格形式为thee(宾),thy(所有),
thine(所有,用于以元音或h开始的词前;物主),对亲爱都或熟悉的朋友常以此相呼。

contracted:betrothed.此行意为:而你却与自己明媚的眼睛定了新,比喻抱独身。

6、Feed'st:Feed;与thou 搭配的第二人称单数动词词尾形式为-est,-st或-t;又见第9行art=are,tx 11tf buriest=bury,第12行mak'st=make.light's flame:眼中的光焰;当时人们认为眼睛同太阳一样能射出光焰,参见33.2(第33首第2行)。

self-substantial fuel:fuel of you own substance,(象蜡烛一样)以自身作燃料。

7、Making:Causing.lies:exists.
8、Thyself:Yourself。

9、that:who。

10、only:chief,peerless.gaudy:bright。

11、bud:喻“自身”,与第2行驶rose的比喻连贯。

thy content:what you contain,指你做父亲的可能性;content重音在第二个音节。

12、tender churl:gentle miser;以此称呼对方,意在表现其矛盾的两个方面,这在修辞上
叫oxymoron.in niggarding:by hoarding,sparing;因吝啬,节俭。

13、or else this glutton be:otherwise you would be such a glutton as。

14、T o eat the world's due:To devour what is due to the world.by the grave and thee:by your dying without a child。

第七首
Lo! in the orient when the gracious light
Lifts up his burning head, each under eye
Doth homage to his new-appearing sight,
Serving with looks his sacred majesty;
And having climb'd the steep-up heavenly hill,
Resembling strong youth in his middle age,
yet mortal looks adore his beauty still,
Attending on his golden pilgrimage;
But when from highmost pitch, with weary car,
Like feeble age, he reeleth from the day,
The eyes, 'fore duteous, now converted are
From his low tract and look another way:
So thou, thyself out-going in thy noon,
Unlook'd on diest, unless thou get a son.
1、Lo:Look.orient:East.the gracious light:the sun.
2、his:its,i.e. of the sun(但也可理解为将太阳神人格化);下同。

under(adj.):earthly.尘世的。

4、Serving:Worshippng.looks(n.):仰望;象look 这样的抽象名词,在伊丽莎白时代也可用复数;下同。

majesty:king-like glory.
5、steep-up:precipious,陡峭的。

heav'nly(读两个音节):(1)of the sky;(2)divine.
7、Yet:Now as before.mortal:numan,凡人的。

still:重复Yet的意思。

8、Attending:Following.
9、highmost pitch:the highest point.car:chariot,希腊神话中太阳神Phoebus(Apollo)驾的车。

10、he:i.e. the sun,参见第2行注。

reeleth:reels伊丽莎白时代第三人称单数动词词尾有-s 和-th两种形式,-th代表南方音,-s代表北方音,诗中二者常混用。

11、'fore:before,previously.duteous:dutiful.converted:averted,turned away.
12、tract:track,path.
13、So:likewise.thyself outgoing in thy noon:的两解:(1)yourself now going forward at your prime;(2)going beyond yourself at noon.
14、Unlooked on diest:Will die without being looked up to .get a son:beget a son;son 与此首未曾直接用到的中心词sun 恰为同音异义词。

第十八首
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date;
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
第18、19首着重描写友人的美貌,同时重申要用自己的诗使他与天地共存。

1,2、thee,Thou:又开始用thou 称呼对方,是另一组诗的标志。

3、shake:shake off.May:英国1751年历法改革以前的五月相当于今天的五月中旬至六月中旬,时间晚半个月,故而属夏季。

4、lease:allotted time:期限,租赁使用期,系法律用语。

date:duration,持续时间,亦是法律用语。

5、Sometime:Sometimes.the eye of heaven:i.e. the sun,参见33.2注。

6、his:its;但亦可理解为将太阳人格化,参见7.2注。

complexion:colour and appearance.dimmed:clouded.
7、fair from fair:(1)beautiful thing from beauty;(2)beautiful
face from being beautiful.注意此处两个fair 意义不同。

8、chance:fortune,good of ill;时缘,时运。

course:order or process.untrimmed:stripped of its beauty(trimmed-adorned).此行系倒装句。

10、lose:Q 作“loose",当时为lose 的又一拼法。

fair thou ow'st:beauty you own;莎士比亚时owe 与own 通用,意为“享有”。

11、brag 后面省略that.his shade:the shadow of death.
12、eternal lines:lines of immortal verse.to time thou grow'st:you grow as long as time lasts(grow to =be incorporated with).
14、this:i.e. my poetry.life:immortality.
《莎士比亚十四行诗(精装珍藏本)》内容简介:威廉·莎士比亚被许多人认为是英国文学史和戏剧史上最杰出的诗人和剧作家,也是西方文艺史上最杰出的作家之一,全世界卓越的剧作家之一。

他被誉为英国的民族诗人和“艾芬河的吟游诗人”(或直接称为“吟游诗人”)。

他流传下来的作品包括38部剧本、154首十四行诗、两首长叙事诗和其他诗作。

他的剧本被翻译成所有主要使用着的语言,并且表演次数远远超过其他任何剧作家的作品。

莎士比亚在雅芳河畔斯特拉特福出生长大,18岁时与安妮·哈瑟维结婚,两人共生育了三个孩子:苏珊娜、双胞胎哈姆内特和朱迪思。

1585年到1592年期间莎士比亚在伦敦开始了成功的职业生涯,他不仅是演员、剧作家,还是宫内大臣剧团(后改名为国王剧团)的合伙人之一。

1613年左右,莎士比亚似乎退休,回到雅芳河畔斯特拉特福,3年后逝世。

有关莎士比亚私人生活的记录流传下来的很少,关于他的性取向、宗教信仰,以及他的著作是否出自他人之手都依然是谜。

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