高中英语定语从句知识点

（一）定义及有关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先
行词以后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：指引定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系词往常有以下三个作用：A、指引定语从句；B、取代先行词； C、在定语从句中担当
一个成分。

比如：
The man who is shaking hands with myfather hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词词，取代先行词the man ，在定语从句中作主语。

is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking the man ，“who”是指引定语从句的关系
（二）关系代词指引的定语从句
1． who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，当宾语能够省略。

① The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
班的。

② Those who want to go to the museummust be at the school
正在踢足球的男孩是一gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
想去博物馆的人一定在明晨7 点到大门口会合。

③ Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路
的老人。

④ That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我们物理的老师。

2． whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略。

①Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.
刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上讨论的那个人。

② Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。

③ The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。

④ The girl (whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.
老师常常夸奖的那个女孩是我们的班长。

注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来取代，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3． Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。

① Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大部分男孩所喜爱的运动。

②The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造计算机的那家公
司离这儿很远。

③He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜爱外国作
家写的书。

④ The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖畔的那幢房屋看上去很美丽。

⑤ This is the pen( which ) he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。

⑥The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.
他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。

4． That 指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which. 。

在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

①The number of people that / who come to visit this c ity each year reaches one million.
每年来观光这座城市的人数达一百万。

② Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?
哪儿？
③ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.人很友善。

④ The season that / which comes after spring is summer.季。

我今日清晨看到的那个人在
你介绍给我的那个
春季此后的季节是夏
⑤Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.
昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。

5． Whose往常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

①I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
我拜见了一个全国著名的科学家。

② He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

③ I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我以前住在那幢屋顶已
经坍毁了的房屋里。

注意：指物时，常用以下构造来取代：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
｛The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
｛Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
6.关系代词 that 与 which 的用法差别
（1） which 可指引非限制性定语从句中， that 不可以
He didn ’t come back home on time, which made his father very angry.
他没有准时回家，这使他的父亲很生气。

（ 2） which 以前能够有介词，that以前则不可以有介词
This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.这就是鲁迅过去居住的房屋。

（3） that 和 which 都指物时，以下 4 种状况，用 that 而不用 which
①先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none
等不定代词
This is all that I want to say.
There is nothing that can terrify him.这就是我想要说的。

没有什么能吓住他。

There was little that I could do for you.我不可以为你做什么。

②先行词被形容词最高等以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very
等词修饰
This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.这是他用英语写的第一篇文章。

This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的小说。

③当人和物合做先行词时
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.他谈了他拜见过的老师和观光过的学校。

④在疑问词who, which, that开头的句子中
Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate.那个在门那处跟你发言的男人是谁？
Which is the star that is nearest to the earth？那一颗星星离地球近来。

（三）关系副词指引的定语从句
1. 关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地址或原由。

关系副词when 在从句中充任时间状语，where 充任地址状语，why 充任原由状语。

①I know the reason why he came late.我知道他迟到的原由。

②This is the place where we lived for five years.这就是我们住了五年的地
方。

③I will forget the days when I met Mr. Liu.我不会忘掉遇到刘先生的那天。

注意：定语从句先行词用关系代词仍是关系副词：指引词在句中做主语、宾语、表语就用
that, which, 不然就用 where。

①This is the house where he lived last year.
These are the houses that/which were built 10 years ago.
②I ’ll never forget the days (that/which) we spent together.
③Can you explain to us the reason why you came late?
I don ’t believe the reason which (that) he explained to us.
when/why=介词 +关系代词（ which/whom ）, 注意不行加that
This is the house where he lived last year.
｛in which
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
你昨天告诉我的那个绅士证明是个小偷。

（四）限制性和非限制性定语从句
1.限拟订语从句紧跟先行词，指引词同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，能够由
关系代词．关系副词或 that 来指引 , 去掉它意思不明确。

非限制性定语从句仅作增补或说明，用
逗号与主句分开，不行用 that 指引，去掉指引词不会影响主句的意思。

This is the house which we bought last night.
The house, which we bought last night, is very nice.
2.非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句
He seemed not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upset me.他仿佛没有
会我的意思，使我特别心。

（五） as 引的定从句
多与 such 或 the same 用，出在the same ⋯as, such ⋯as, so ⋯as, as ⋯as等构中
①This is such a difficult problem as nobody can work out.
｛that nobody can work it out.
② This is the same pen as I lost.支笔同我失的一。

③ Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.石大得没人能搬得起。

2. the same ⋯ that与the same⋯as在乎思上是不一样的
I have bought the same watch as you.我了一和你一的腕表。

（不是同一）
This is the same watch that I lost.就是我的那腕表。

（同一）
也可独使用，引非限制性定从句，作用相当于which 。

as 引的非限制性定从句地点灵巧，能够位于主句前面．中或后边，一般用逗号与主句分开，但which 所引的非限制性定从句只好放在主句以后。

The elephant ’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
As we know, smoking is harmful to the one’s health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
※注意： way 后边接定从句的状况。

①The way that
｛Which he explained to us was quite simple.
/
②The way that
｛ in which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
/
关系代词指引的定语从句练习：
()1、 -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？
-Yes ， he ‘s our headmaster.
A. he
B. who
C. which
D. whom
()2、 The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which ； is
B. whom； was
C. who； is
D. who ； was
()3、 Have you seen the film Titanic ___actors are very famous?
A who
B whose
C that
D whom
()4、A child ____parents are dead is called an orphan.
A which
B his
C whose
D with
()5 、 This is the reason ______ he told me.
A、 that
B、 why
C、 on which
D、 for that ()6 、 Do you know the scientist _______ gave us a talk just now?
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
()7 、 This is the dictionary _______ Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which
B. what
C. whose
D. whom
()8、 Shaolin Temple ________ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the
visitors both at home and abroad.
A. where
B. which
C. who
D. what
()9. Beijing is the 29th city _______ holds the Olympic Games.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. what
()10. Have you read the book _______ I gave you yesterday?
A. that
B. when
C. where
()11. The man _______ came to our party with a present is my old friend.
A. when
B. which
C. who
()12. I like writers _______ write short stories.
A. which
B. what
C. whom
D. who
()13. This is the question _______ we are talking about now.
A. that
B. who
C. where
D. when
()14.— What are you looking for?
— I am looking for the book _______ I bought yesterday.
A. who
B. which
C. whose
( )15.Jack, there is someone in the office _______ would like to speak with you.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
( )16.If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _______ works hard.
A. which
B. /
C. whom
D. who
( )17. Many young people prefer the songs _______ have great lyrics.
A. which
B. who
C. where
D. whom
( )18. Even teachers can’t understand some expressions _______their students use in daily life.
A. whose
B. who
C. that
D. whom
( )19. The book ____ is torn is mine.
A. the cover of which
B. the cover of that
C. which the cover
D. whose cover of
( )20. He talked about the classmates and the school ____ he had visited.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. about which。