虚拟语气用法详解与例题解析
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而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过拟语气通过谓语动词的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
:主句中的should 通常用于第一人称,would 可用于任何人称,注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was , 即在从句中be 用were 代替
If fewer cash crops (经济作物)
If you c ame came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it w ere to/should were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
If it s hould should rain , the crops would be saved.
4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
例如:If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now. (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。
)
5)以上句型可以转换成下列形式:
①从句省略if,用倒装句式"were, had, should+主语"。
例如:Were I in school again, I would work harder.
Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.
②用介词短语代替条件状语从句。
例如:Without air (without air= if there were no air ), there would be no living things.
I would not have succeeded but for your help.
2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1)"1)"wish+wish+宾语从句"表示表示不能实现的愿望不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为"可惜……"、"……就好了"、"悔不该……"、"但愿……"等。
表示表示现在现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示表示将来将来不能实现的愿望,用"would(could)+动词原形";表示表示过去过去不能实现的愿望,用"had+过去分词"或"(could)would have+过去分词"。
例如:
:insist作"力言"、"强调"解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
只有当insist作"坚持(应该)"解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。
例如
advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request
等名词的表语从
但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的(重要)。
例如
,should意为可以省去,但不可换用
注意:这种从句表示的是事实。
如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。
反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。
例如
过去式, "should+动词原形(should不能省略),be用were"
. (主语相应时态变化)
may须置于句首。
例如
要是你拒绝他的建议,就太傻了。
就太傻了。
2)通过介词短语表达条件。
例如:
But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier. =If it had not been for the storm ,I would have arrived much earlier.
要不是那场暴雨,我早就到达了。
我早就到达了。
3)通过通过连连词otherwise , , or or , , but but , , that that , , though though , , once once 等表达条件。
例如。
例如
She came to town yesterday, otherwise/or I would not have met her.
昨天她到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见她了。
不然我就不会遇见她了。
注释:otherwise/or=if she hadn't come
I would have attended the meeting, but I have been too busy.
我本来要参加会议的,只是太忙了。
只是太忙了。
注释:but=...if I had not been too busy
4)通过Were it not for...或Had it not been for...等句式表达条件。
例如:
Were it not for (If it were not for) the leadership of the Party, we could not live a happy life. (与现在事实相反)
要不是党的领导,我们不可能过幸福生活。
我们不可能过幸福生活。
Had it not been for (If it had not been for) the leadership of the Party, we should have failed. (与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)
若不是有党的领导,我们早就失败了。
我们早就失败了。
5)通过分词短语表达条件。
例如:
(If they had been given more attention...), the trees could have Given more attention (If they had been given more attention...), the trees could have grown better.倘若给予更多的关心, 这些树本来可以生长得更好的。
6)无词句暗示条件。
(特别注意)例如:
Such mistakes could have been avoided.这种错误本来可以避免的。
)
(暗含条件从句if we had been more careful
It was so quiet that you could have heard a pin drop.
是那样的安静,掉根针你都听得
见。
见。
(暗含条件从句if it had dropped to the ground)。