安徽省定远重点中学《任务型阅读》单元测试题

一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a Riverwalk
There are many standards that aim to rank how green cities are. But what does it actually mean for a city to be green or sustainable?
We've written about what we call the "parks, cafes and a riverwalk" model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. ________
Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.
A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. ________
Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. ________ And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.
________ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.
A. This phenomenon is often missing from development projects promoted as green or sustainable.
B. This phenomenon has variously been called environmental, eco-or green gentrification.
C. Greening and environmental cleanup do not automatically or necessarily lead to gentrification.
D. This creates pressure to rezone industrial land for residential towers or profitable commercial space, in exchange for developer-funded cleanup.
E. But it can drive up real estate prices and displace low- and middle-income residents.
F. Environmental gentrification naturalizes the disappearance of manufacturing and the working class.
【答案】 E；B；D；F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，可持续发展城市需要的不仅仅是公园、咖啡馆和河边人行道。

有许多标准旨在对绿色城市进行排名。

但是一个城市的绿色和可持续发展究竟意味着什么呢?意味着住宅高档化，生态环境更中产化，用更自然的景观取代工业的痕迹。

（1）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

根据空前“ We've written about what we call the ‘parks, cafes and a riverwalk’model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people.”我们称之为“公园、咖啡馆和河边漫步'的可持续发展模式，其重点是为高收入人群提供新的绿色空间"，及空后“ Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement.”住宅高档化'已成为描述邻里变化的一个笼统的术语，移居到这些住宅区的人比那些流离失所的居民更富有"，可知，这样的高档住宅抬高了房地产价格，并取代中低收入居民，代之的是中产阶级。

可知E项符合题意，故选E。

（2）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

根据空前"A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives."可知，"最近大量的新研究集中在环境清理和倡议绿色空间的效应上。

"由此可知，清理环境，倡议绿色空间，意味着让环境，绿化生态有了很大的改善，适合于中产阶级（即住宅高档化)，可知B项符合题意，故选B。

（3）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

根据空前“ Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities.”在许多城市，用于新开发的土地和用于大规模清理有毒场所的资源都很稀缺；及空后“ In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.”开发商不得不创造及承诺更多最终会有更多的绿化。

由此可知，为了让开发商资助清理这些有毒的场所，这就造成了将工业用地重新规划为住宅楼或有利可图的商业用地的压力。

故选D。

（4）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

根据空后“ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes.”这使得去工业化看起来既不可避免又令人向往，通常是通过用更自然的景观代替工业……当这些社区最终被清理干净时，这些倡导者往往无法留下来享受他们的努力带来的好处。

"，再快速阅读本段得出大意，F项意义与本小题一致。

其中的F项中的"disappearance of manufacturing"与文中的"disappearance of manufacturing"是同义词组。

其中的F项中的"the disappearance of the working class"即是文中所说的"清理干净社区，这些人无法留下来享受他们带来的好处的"工人阶级的消失。

分析选项可知F项符合题意，故选F。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

2．阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。

After we all came to the conclusion that our family could responsibly care for dog; my husband and I started our search at a local animal shelter.
We discovered a medium-sized male dog named Duke. This dog was a approximately only two years old and seemed to have the sweetest character. He looked at us through intelligent eyes and already knew how to fetch a ball. My husband and I immediately adopted him Duke quickly
fit into our family's lifestyle. And he quickly learned the tricks like "sit", and "come".
But there was one skill that Duke could not seem to grasp---that of a watchdog. My husband was trying to teach him to remind us by giving a single warning bark when someone came into the yard. Duke would listen carefully to my husband's commands, but would cock （竖起）his head to one side in confusion and disappointment as if to tell his master that he just didn't understand what my husband was asking him to do. My husband would give his "watch" command. Duke would stand up---muscles tightened in readiness, but would not have a clue as to what he was in readiness for.
One morning we heard the garbage collectors come up the driveway to get our garbage.
My husband went to the open bedroom window so Duke could hear and see the men through the screen.
"Watch" my husband commanded. Duke rose in readiness, looked at my husband as sudden comprehension dawned on him, gave a quick tail wave, and leaped through the window screen jumping happily out to greet the garbage men.
Seeing that, I couldn't help laughing. My laughter did nothing for my husbands mood when he found what was happening and he just went away to repair the screen with no expression on his face.
Duke brought our family so much fun. We never scolded or beat him. He was one of our family members.
（1）What was Duke like when the author adopted him? (no more than 10 words)
（2）What did the author's husband expect Duke to do as a watchdog? (no more than 15 words) （3）What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 5? (no more than 10 words) （4）How did the author and her husband feel about Duke's leaping through the window? (no more than 10 words)
（5）How do you think people should treat their pets? (no more than 20 words)
【答案】（1）It was medium-sized, young, sweet and intelligent.
（2）To remind them by giving a single warning bark when someone came into the yard.
（3）Suddenly Duke understood his master's command/intention/thoughts.
（4）The author was amused while her husband feet calm about it.
（5）I think people should love their pets and have fun with them instead of abusing them.
Or: I think people should love their pets and treat them as the family members.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者收养宠物狗Duke以后所发生的故事。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“We discovered a med ium-sized male dog named Duke. This dog was approximately only two years old and seemed to have the sweetest character. He looked at us through intelligent eyes and already knew how to fetch a ball.”可知，当作者收养Duke时，他中等大小的身材、年轻、可爱且聪明。

故答案为It was medium-sized，young， sweet and intelligent.
（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“And he quickly learned the tricks like ‘sit’，‘stay’，and ‘come’”.和第三段中的“But there was one skill that Duke could not seem to grasp — that of a watchdog.”可知，Duke被作者的家庭收养后学会了“sit”，“stay”，“come” 和“be a
watchdog”，故答案为Duke learned how to “sit”，“stay”，“come” and “be a watchdog”.
（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的“gave a quick tail wave, and leaped through the window screen, jumping happily out to greet the garbage men.”它很快地摇了摇尾巴，从窗玻璃里跳出来，高兴地跳出来迎接收垃圾的人。

可知，Duke突然明白了主人的命令/意图/想法。

故答案为Suddenly Duke understood his master's command/intention/thoughts.
（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Seeing that, I couldn't help laughing. My laughter did nothing for my husband's mood when he found what was happening and he just went away to repair the screen with no ex pression on his face.”看到这，我忍不住笑了。

当我丈夫发现发生的事情时，我的笑声并没有影响他的情绪，他只是离开去修理屏幕，脸上没有任何表情。

可知，Duke从窗户跳出来时作者被逗乐了，而她的丈夫对此却感到很平静。

故答案为The author was amused while her husband felt calm about it.
（5）开放性试题。

如何对待宠物？我认为人们应该爱他们的宠物，和他们一起玩，而不是虐待他们。

或者:我认为人们应该爱他们的宠物，把他们当作家庭成员。

故答案为I think people should love their pets and have fun with them, instead of abusing them.Or: I think people should love their pets and treat them as the family members.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和开放试题四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

3．Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
In business, there is a speed difference: It's the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. ________
In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What's more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% hi gher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.
________ They thought differently about what "slower" and "faster" mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.
In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. ________ And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.
Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. ________ That kind of strategy must come from
the top.
A. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better?
B. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.
C. More haste, less speed, which in the study proves wrong.
D. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.
E. They valued efficiency rather than consideration.
F. They encouraged new ways of thinking.
【答案】 D；A；F；B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，围绕速度展开，否定了一味强调速度的盲目性，区分了operational speed”操作速度“与strategic speed”战略速度“，强调了适当时间采取战略速度的重要性。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前”The difference is important regardless of industry and company size.“可知，无论行业和公司规模如何，那些担心失去竞争优势的公司会花费大量的时间和金钱来寻找加快速度的方法。

panies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.符合此处语境。

故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前”What's more, the firms that‘slowed down to speed up ’improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.“可知，那些“放慢速度以加快速度”的公司改善了他们的最高和最低收入，在三年内平均销售额提高了40%，营业收入提高了52%。

A.How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better?”他们是如何违反商业物理定律的，他们比竞争对手花费了更多的时间，却表现得更好的呢？“符合语境。

故选A。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前”They became more open to ideas and discussion.及下文And they allowed time to look back and learn.“可知，他们对思想和讨论变得更加开放，允许时间回顾和学习。

F.They encouraged new ways of thinking”他们鼓励新的思维方式“符合语境。

故选F。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前”Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.“；以及及空后”That kind of strategy must come from the top.“可知，战略速度是一种领导力，而这种战略必须来自最高层。

B.Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.”那些经常花时间把事情做好，而不是埋头苦干的人，更能成功地实现他们的商业目标“符合语境。

故选B。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

4．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

The Bigger Sleep
School starting times in America vary from an average of 7:48 am in go-getting Mississippi to 8:31am in late-rising Connecticut. According to a survey by the National Centre for Education Statistics in 2017-18, only in two states - Alaska and Connecticut---do schools start after 8:30 am, the earliest recommended time by a number of medical organisations.
On October 13th Gavin Newsom, California's governor, signed legislation setting a limit on starting times of half past eight for high-schoolers , in the hope that they will benefit from the extra time in bed.
There is plenty of reason to think they will. Adolescents require more sleep in the morning which will keep them energetic the whole day. A research review by scientists at the Centres for Disease Control finds that later school starting times correspond with improved attendance, less falling asleep in class, and better grades. The Rand Corporation estimates that moving to a half-past-eight start across the country would boost the economy by more than $80bn within a decade.
In response to the evidence, school districts across the country have begun to move starting times back, but California is the first state to take the leap. Parents and unions are often bitterly opposed. The California Teachers Association resisted the change, citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours, as well as the burden on parents who work as laborers or in the service industry, and cannot start work later. Last year Mr Newsom's predecessor, Jerry Brown, vetoed similar legislation, saying the decision should be left to school districts. Supporters argue that it is appropriate for the state to set a minimum health-and-welfare standard, as it does in other areas. It will be up to school districts to decide whether to end the day later, or cut its length. Anthony Portantino, the democratic state senator who introduced the legislation, believes evidence of the change's benefits will soon win over opponents in rural areas. "There really is no significant reason not to do this," he says, "other than an overwhelming resistance to change from adults."
estimated；opponents；finance；fail；exist
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。

关于美国学校早上上学时间推后，有些人支持也有些人反对，双方分别提出了各自支持和反对的理由。

（1）考查形容词。

根据第一段中的“School starting times in America vary from an average of 7:48 am in go-getting Mississippi to 8:31am in late-rising Connecticut.” 可知，在美国上学时间从早上7:48到早上8:31不等，美国学校有不同的上学时间，故填various/different/diverse。

（2）考查动词。

根据第一段中的“only in two states - Alaska and Connecticut 一do schools start after 8:30 am, the earliest recommended time by a number of medical organisations.”可知，只有两个州，阿拉斯加州和康涅狄格州的学校在早上8:30之后上学，这是很多医疗机构建议的最早上学时间，只有阿拉斯加州和康涅狄格州的学校遵守了建议的上学时间，故填obey/follow/observe。

（3）考查形容词。

根据第二段中的“signed legislation setting a limit on starting times of half past eight for high-schoolers , in the hope that they will benefit from the extra time in bed.”可知，立法规定中学生八点半上学，希望他们早上能多睡一会，可推断中生上学时间不应早于8:30，故填earlier。

（4）考查形容词。

根据第三段中的“Adolescents require more sleep in the morning which will keep them energetic the whole day.”可知，青少年早上需要更多的睡眠，这将使他们一整天都精力充沛，energetic是形容词精力旺盛的，故填energetic。

（5）考查名词。

根据第三段中的“ter school starting times correspond with improved attendance, less f alling asleep in class, and better grades.”可知，早上晚些去上学与缺勤率下降、课堂睡眠减少和成绩提高有关，故填absence。

（6）考查语态。

根据第三段中的“The Rand Corporation estimates that moving to a half-past-eight start across the country would boost the economy...”可知，The Rand Corporation预测，如果在全国范围八点半上学，可以给经济带来增长，填空的句子用的是表语从句“It+be+过去分词+that 从句”，所以用estimate的过去分词形式，故填estimated。

（7）考查名词。

根据第四段中的“Parents and unions are often bitterly opposed.”和第三句“The California Teachers Association resisted the change, citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours,”可知，父母和工会经常强烈反对，加州教师协会抵制这种变化，理由是学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着沉重的经济负担，这也呼应了第8空的句意“Schools may bear the burden of ___8___when they adjust to the new hours.” 学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着负担，这是反对者观点，故填opponents。

（8）考查名词。

根据第四段中的“citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours”可知，学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着沉重的经济负担，finance是financial
的名词在填空句中做宾语，故填finance。

（9）考查动词。

根据第四段中的“...burden on parents who work as laborers or in the service industry, and cannot start work later.”可知，推迟早上上学时间对于从事劳动服务行业和不能推迟早上上班时间的家长是一个负担，会导致这些家长不能准时上班，fail to do sth.意为没能做成某事，故填fail。

（10）考查动词。

根据倒数第一段最后一行“There really is no significant reason not to do this...other than an overwhelming resistance to change from adults”可知, 除了来自成年人对变革压倒性的抵制，真的没有什么重要的理由不这样做，也就是说，尽管在成年人中确实存在着压倒性的抵制，但做出改变是合理的，故填exist。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，名词，动词，语态等知识点的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

5．Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Traffic Regulation and Accident Prevention
We live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. ________
Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. ________ There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.
________ It's all for his own convenience. Due to a serious tragedy, the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makes the town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough.
Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers. ________ These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars.
A. There are five reason for the accident and you are guilty.
B. Every year thousands of people are horribly killed, and we sit still and let it happen.
C. Surprisingly, society should smile at the driver and forgive him.
D. Someone has rightly said that when a person is sitting behind the steering wheel, his car becomes an extension of his personality.
E. All advertisements that emphasize power and performance should be banned.
F. It is time to develop a universal norm to reduce this senseless waste of human life.
【答案】 B；D；C；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些关于交通管制与事故预防措施，从而减少交通事故的发生。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.” 人与汽车搏斗，这是一场人类正在输掉的永无休止的战斗，因此可知每年都有成千上万的人惨死，我们却坐视不理，听之任之。

故选B。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“There is no doubt th at the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities.”毫无疑问，汽车经常暴露出一个人最坏的品质，可知，汽车是一个人个性的延伸。

故选D。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“It's all for his own convenience.”一切都是为了他自己的方便，可知，社会对司机微笑并原谅是令人惊讶的。

故选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers”.政府应该为制造商制定安全守则；再根据空后“These measures may sound cruel.”这些措施听起来可能很残酷，可知，作者建议所有强调汽车力量和性能的广告都应该被禁止。

故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

6．根据短文内容，从短文后的7个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Social Phobia
It is natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to. ________ It's probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel uncomfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxiety).
________ It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunch time, joining an after-school club, or going to a party. Sometimes, they even feel too nervous to ask a question in class or go to a teacher for help. Social phobia not only prevents people from trying new things. It also prevents them from making the normal, everyday mistakes that may help people improve their skills even further
It is really sad, isn't it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and communicating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course it's not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes the willingness patience and courage to face fears. ________
Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overcome it. And family or friends are especially important for them. ________They can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged.
Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable. ________ As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel uncomfortable and more about what might be fun.
A. Friends can overcome their fears easily.
B. But for someone, the anxiety can be extreme.
C. They are not able to make eye contact with classmates.
D. Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities.
E. Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step.
F. It also takes an action to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy.
G. The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new.
【答案】 B；D；F；G；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何处理社交恐惧的几点建议。

（1）根据本空后的“It's probably more than shyness.”可知，它可能不仅仅是害羞，此处是说焦虑对有些人有很不好的影响，故B项（但是对某些人来说，焦虑可能是极端的）符合语境。

（2）根据本空后的“It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunch time, joining an after-school club, or going to a party.”可知，它阻止他们在午餐时间和朋友聊天、参加课外俱乐部或聚会，此处应该提到一种社交障碍，故D项（社交恐惧症让人对错过的机会感到孤独或失望）符合语境。

（3）根据本空前的“Dealing with social phobia takes the willingness patience and courage to face fears.”可知，处理社交恐惧需要有意志力、耐心和勇气去面对恐惧，此处承接上文，故F项（当感到害羞时，也要采取行动往前走而不是后退）符合语境。

（4）上文提到了治疗师、家人和朋友能够帮助你处理社交恐惧，此处承接上文，说的是这些人对你的帮助，故G项（这些关键人物的支持帮助他们鼓起勇气尝试新事物）符合语境。

（5）根据本空前的“Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable.”可知，渐渐地，一个决定克服嫉妒害羞的人会变得更自在，此处是说小进步的意义，故E项（每向前迈出一小步有助于建立足够的信心迈出下一小步）符合语境。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤
1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。

2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。

3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

7．请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

A fresh-faced batch of teenagers just began a new school year, but will they get the most out of it? In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early. And at night, screens are a temptation that's hard to resist. This double whammy (双重灾难) is a perfect lesson in sleep deprivation (剥夺).
Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group. In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced attention, preventing students' progress and lowering grades. More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and emotional problems.
It is important to understand why teenagers have a particularly hard time getting enough sleep, and what adults need to do to help. First, a reminder of the basic biology: Adolescents are no longer the morning larks of their younger years. They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in. This is mostly driven by changes in the way the brain responds to light.
New technology habits aren't helping. More teenagers now turn to activities involving screens at night. The growth in screen time is particularly problematic for sleep. The blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the body's secretion (分泌) of melatonin, the hormone that signals it's time to sleep. Overdosing on screens at night effectively tells the brain it's still daytime, delaying the body's cues to sleep even further.
Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens, and praise children who show signs of regulating their own media consumption. In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and bathrooms.
In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8: 30 a. m., a policy now backed by the American Medical Association and many other health organizations.
Parents also need to join forces with community leaders, sleep scientists, health professionals and educators to put school start times on the local, then state agendas.
Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents.
limits /restrictions；free；delay /postpone；benefit /profit
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了大多数学生都存在睡眠不足的现象，并分析了睡眠不足所产生的后果、原因、以及解决措施。

（1）考查信息提取能力。

根据第一段中的"In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early"以及第二段"Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group"可知，在早晨，许多人被迫提前上学。

九年级至十二年级的学生中，有四分之三的人睡眠不足的时间达不到美国医学研究院建议的八小时的睡眠时间。

所以通过"many ,Three out of every four students"可知，大多数学生睡眠不足。

故填majority。

（2）考查信息提取能力。

根据第二段中的"In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced attention"可知，在大多数情况下，睡眠不足会导致注意力下降。

所以通过"reduced attention"可知，由于缺乏睡眠，学生们不能集中精力学习。

故填focus /concentrate。

（3）考查信息提取能力。

根据第二段中的"More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and emotional problems."可知，更令人担忧的是，睡眠不足可能导致身体和情感问题。

所以通过"may"可知，学生缺乏睡眠，学生很可能遭受身体和情感问题。

故填likely。

（4）考查信息提取能力。

根据第三段中的"They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in."可知，他们变得像夜猫子一样，熬夜，然后睡懒觉。

所以通过"sleeping in"可知，青少年起的很晚。

故填late。

（5）考查信息提取能力。

根据第四段"The blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the body's secretion (分泌) of melatonin, the hormone that signals it's time to sleep."可知，LED、电视、平板电脑和智能手机发出的蓝光会抑制人体的褪黑激素分泌，这种激素是一种向睡眠时间发出信号的激素。

所以通过"emitted"可知，长时间暴露在屏幕上的蓝光中，可以防止人体分泌激素发出睡眠信号。

故填exposure。

（6）考查信息提取能力。

根据倒数第四段和第三段以及第二段的内容可知，这三段主要在讨论对孩子睡眠不足的具体解决措施。

故填Solutions /Approaches。

（7）考查信息提取能力。

根据倒数第四段"Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens,"可知，家长应该告知孩子们可以在屏幕上花费的时间。

所以通过"inform"可知，家长应该对孩子可以在屏幕上花费的时间设定真正的限制。

故填limits /restrictions。

（8）考查信息提取能力。

根据倒数第四段"In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and。