五种基本句型和句子成分

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句子成分和简单句五个基本句型

句子成分和简单句五个基本句型

句子成分和简单句五个基本句型一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

(一)主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular。

(名词)2.We often speak English in class.(代词)3。

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure。

(不定式)5。

Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)6.The rich should help the poor。

(名词化的形容词)7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided。

(主语从句)8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(二)谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如:He practices running every morning。

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold。

(2)由系动词加表语构成。

如:We are students。

(三)表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look, grow,turn, seem等)之后。

英语句子成分和五种基本句型

英语句子成分和五种基本句型

句子成份英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如:Country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

1)简单谓语: We study for the people.2)复合谓语: I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He hasgone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。

My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)The ruler must be in your box.(介词短语)Time is up. The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,We like English.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)It began to rain.(不定式短语)I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner smells good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. Everything looks different.
一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
什么可以作谓语?
We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English.
及物动词 vt
My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. 不及物动词 vi
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾
例句 他时常弹吉他。 A
例句B 我想喝杯茶。
例句C 我不知道什么时候离开这儿。
例句 我承认伤害了你。 D
Tip 1
某些特定的动词习惯于用动词不定式作为其宾语,如: attempt,decide,expect,hope,learn,need, pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等
I’d like to have some coffee.
动词不定式
I enjoy working with you.
动名词
I think you are right.
宾语从句及复合宾语
I really don’t know what to do next.
思考: 一个句子中若可以存在宾语,其谓语动词应该具备 什么特点呢?
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾

句子成分类型及五大基本句型

句子成分类型及五大基本句型

初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习句子成分&五种基本句型I【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads Eniglish every day. (代词作主语)(3)Swimming is my favorite sport.(动名词作主语)(4)To have a bridge is their dream .(不定式作主语)(5)What we learn is very useful. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后面。

如:His parents are teachers. (系动词作谓语)We work hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

一般放在谓语之后。

She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We like listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。

初中英语五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释

初中英语五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释

初中英语五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释在学习英语的过程中,句子是我们表达思想和交流意见的基本单位。

了解句子的结构和成分对于理解英语的语法规则和提升语言表达能力至关重要。

本文将解释初中英语中常见的五种基本句型和句子成分的名词。

一、陈述句(declarative sentences)陈述句是最基本的句子类型,用来陈述事实、描述情况或者进行表达。

它通常由主语、谓语和宾语组成。

1. 主语(subject):句子中表达或承受动作的人或事物。

例如:Tom is playing football.(汤姆正在踢足球)2. 谓语(predicate):句子中用来表达动作、状态或者存在的词语。

例如:The cat is sleeping.(猫咪在睡觉)3. 宾语(object):句子中接受动作的对象。

例如:Peter likes apples.(彼得喜欢苹果)二、疑问句(interrogative sentences)疑问句用于询问信息、事实或者观点。

它通常由助动词、主语和谓语组成。

1. 助动词(auxiliary verbs):用于构成疑问句的辅助动词。

例如:Do you like ice cream?(你喜欢冰淇淋吗?)2. 主语(subject):句子中用来回答问题的人或物。

例如:Who is speaking?(谁在讲话?)3. 谓语(predicate):句子中用来描述行为或状态的词语。

例如:Where do you live?(你住在哪里?)三、祈使句(imperative sentences)祈使句用于命令、请求或建议。

它通常由动词本身或者动词短语组成。

1. 动词(verb):句子中用于表示命令、请求或建议的词。

例如:Clean your room.(把你的房间打扫干净)2. 宾语(object):句子中受到命令、请求或建议的对象。

例如:Open the window.(打开窗户)四、感叹句(exclamatory sentences)感叹句用于表达强烈的情感、惊奇或者喜悦。

五大基本句型、七大句子成分、陈述句和疑问句

五大基本句型、七大句子成分、陈述句和疑问句

(二)七大句子成分 主谓宾表定状补
定语:修饰名词或代词
The boy is my brother.
The handsome boy is my brother.
I live in a house.
I live in a house close to some mountains.
状语:修饰动词
I love you.
前后的be动词、情态v.或助动词一致。
isn't.
是的,没有电脑。
(2)前后时态一致。
(3)问句的主语和前面的一致,用人称代词代替。
(4)语调:升调表示疑问,期待对方回答; 降调表示确定,不需要回答。
注:陈述部分是祈使句,疑问部分多用will you Pass me the book, will you/won’t you? Don’t do that again, will you? Let us go for a walk, won’t you? Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
③How+主语+谓语! How time flies!
三. 疑问句:有疑问语气的句子。
1.一般疑问句:疑问句的一种,是指用yes或no来回答的句子,读升调。 结构:Be动词+主语+其他? 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? 助动词+主语+动词原形+其他? 简略回答:Yes, 主语+提问词。 No, 主语+提问词+not。
二. 陈述句:用来叙述一个事实,读降调
1.肯定句:主语+be动词+名词/形容词。 主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他。 主语+行为动词+其他。

英语的句子成分和五种基本句型及therebe句型

英语的句子成分和五种基本句型及therebe句型

英语的句子‎成分和五种‎基本句型及‎t here‎be 句型一、S + V(主语+不及物动词‎)这种句型简‎称为主谓结‎构。

不及物动词‎是指那些本‎身意义已完‎整,后面不需要‎接宾语的动‎词,如come‎, go, swim, appea‎r, run, arriv‎e, fall等‎。

如:—Did you go by sea?你们走的是‎海路吗?—No, we flew. 不,我们是坐飞‎机去的。

有时,不及物动词‎后面会跟副‎词、介词短语等‎作状语。

如:Why‎don’t‎you‎come at once when I call you? 我叫你时,你为什么不‎马上来?Ⅰ. 根据汉语完‎成下列英语‎句子,每空一词。

1. 他在听。

He _____‎_____‎.2. 昨晚你睡得‎好吗?Did you _____‎_____‎last night‎?3. 这场雨持续‎了两个小时‎。

The rain _____‎_____‎two hours‎.Ⅱ. 单项选择( )6. An MP5 playe‎r of this type costs‎too much. You’d‎bette‎r _____‎_.A. waitB. waiti‎n gC. waite‎dD. to wait( )7. It _____‎outsi‎d e. I have to stay at home. A. rain B. is raini‎n g C. raine‎d D. has raine‎d( )8. —Did you watch‎the baske‎t ball‎match‎yeste‎r day? —Y es, I did. My uncle‎_____‎_in the match‎.A. is playi‎n gB. was playi‎n gC. has playe‎dD. will play( )9. —What did your fathe‎r say just now? —Sorry‎,I‎don’t‎know. I _____‎_ on the phone‎.A. am talki‎n gB. talkC. was talki‎n gD. have talke‎d( )10. You _____‎_ first‎and I _____‎_ behin‎d.A. go; was follo‎w ingB. will go; follo‎wC. will go; follo‎w edD. go; will follo‎w二、S + V + P(主语+系动词+表语)系动词通常‎与表语一起‎构成系表结‎构。

初中英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型

初中英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型

初中英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型- 主语:句子中执行动作或被动执行动作的人、动物或物体,通常作为句子的主体。

例如:"Peter runs every morning."(彼得每天早上跑步。

)这里的主语是"Peter"。

- 谓语:句子中的动词,表示主语进行的动作或状态。

例如:"They are playing soccer."(他们正在踢足球。

)这里的谓语是"are playing"。

- 宾语:句子中受动作影响的人、动物或物体,通常是动词的直接或间接对象。

例如:"She gave me a present."(她送给了我一个礼物。

)这里的宾语是"a present"。

- 定语:修饰名词或代词的词或词组,通常用来描述或限制名词或代词的特性。

例如:"The red car is mine."(那辆红色的车是我的。

)这里的定语是"red"。

- 状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词或词组,用来说明动作、状态、方式、时间、地点、原因等。

例如:"He speaks English fluently."(他流利地说英语。

)这里的状语是"fluently"。

五种基本句型:初中英语中常见的五种基本句型包括:主谓句、主谓宾句、主谓表句、主系表句和疑问句。

1. 主谓句:由主语和谓语构成的句子。

例如:"The dog barks."(那只狗叫。

2. 主谓宾句:由主语、谓语和宾语构成的句子。

例如:"She readsa book."(她读一本书。

)3. 主谓表句:由主语、谓语和表语(通常是形容词或名词)构成的句子。

例如:"The cake tastes delicious."(这块蛋糕尝起来很美味。

基本句型与句子成分

基本句型与句子成分

五大基本句型与句子成分英语句子长短不一,有简有繁,表面上看,变化万千,但分析其实质,却可发现共同的规律:这些变化万千的句子,从其结构来看,都符合五种基本句型。

1. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语例句:He is very happy. 他很高兴。

注解:is 为连系动词,没有具体动作,只是起连接主语(He)和后边成分(very happy)的作用,系动词后面所接的成分是用来说明主语的特点,表明主语的性质特征,因此我们把系动词后面的成分叫做主语补足语,也叫做表语。

系动词的主要分类:1)状态系动词:be2)持续系动词:keep, remain, stay, lie, stand3)表像系动词:seem, appear, look4)感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste,5)变化系动词:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.6)终止系动词:prove, turn out, 表达"证实","结果…"2. 主语+ 谓语(+ 状语:表明时间、地点、方式、原因等)例句:They differ widely in the taste. 他们的品味非常不同。

注解:这类动词为不及物动词,这种动词所表示的动作完整,不能带宾语。

动词后面可接副词或介词短语来说明动作的程度,原因,时间等,作状语。

3. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语例句:I can't stand him. 我对他忍无可忍。

注解:这类动词为单宾动词,即只能接一个宾语的及物动词。

4. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语例句:He bought me a car. 他给我买了一辆车。

注解:这类动词为双宾动词,即可以接两个宾语的动词。

其中物(a car)是动作的承受者,作直接宾语,而人(me)是动作的接受者,作间接宾语。

5. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语例句:I find him a good guy. 我发现他是个好人。

句子结构,句子成分,五种基本句型

句子结构,句子成分,五种基本句型

英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。

一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。

句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。

句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分.1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首.如:Students study. (学生学习)We are friends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。

2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。

如:Students study. (学生学习.)We are friends。

(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。

3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。

放在及物动词或者介词之后。

如:They are teachers。

( 他们是老师。

)I play with him. (我和他一起玩。

)这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。

4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。

形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。

如:This is a red sun。

(这是个红太阳。

)He is a tall boy。

(他是个高个子男孩。

)这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语。

5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分.常由副词担任.修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。

如:The students study hard。

(这些学生学习努力。

)I often write to him. (我常给他写信.)The bag is too heavy。

句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型

句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型

8. He bought you
nothing.
5. I showed her
my pictures.
6. I gave him
a hand.
7. I told
him
how to run the
machine.
8. He showed me
that the bus was late.
基本句型5 S +V +O +C
简单句的五种句型
4)SVOiOd 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.
5) SVOC 主语+谓语+宾语+补语
eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep.
❖I saw him last week. ❖We heard the bad news yesterday. ❖They eat bread every day. ❖He drank a glass of milk just now.
❖ 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的 动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …
S V(实义动

词)
1. Who knows
the answer?
2. She laugh at her.
3. He undeHe made
cakes.
5. They ate
some apples.
6. Danny likes
donuts.
7. I

句子成分及五种基本句型

句子成分及五种基本句型

句子成分及五种基本句型一、句子成分组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分:主、谓、表、宾、定、状、补1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”,“什么事通常由名词,代词, 动词不定式,动名词来充当.1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.Ve work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.2 •谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。

通常由动词充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.1.thev work verv hard.2.Tom likes reading.△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well. They are playing over there.3.表语:跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.My sister becomes a nurse. The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful •To see is to believe •4.宾语:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。

一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词, 数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.LWe study English.2.1saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen.4・She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.△双宾语:指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。

He gave me two books. She teaches me English・5.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.充当定语的有:形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,从句等.K This is a red car.2.The building is their teaching building.3.The woman doctor is my wife.4- I have something to tell you.5.The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li.6.Every student has an English book.7x I know the boy who is playing basketball on the playground.6.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句作状语•R You are quite right. 2> Tliey often draw in the park.We came here in order to learn English・4> If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 7.宾补:补充说明宾语。

五种基本句型+划分句子成分

五种基本句型+划分句子成分
一,句子的种类(按结构)
(一),简单句 S+V+O (即主语+谓语+宾语) (二),并列句
S1+V1+O1+but/yet/however/so/therefore/ and+S2+V2+O2 (三),主从并列句 S1+V1+O1+conj(主从复合句的连词) +S2+V2+O2
二,简单句的各种成 分:
4. She doesn’t mind being laughed at.
She is a beautiful girl. I like fishing. It turns out to be good. She sent me a letter. It seems so nice. Your brother has gone home.. The sun rises in the east.
Your brother has gone home. 主语,谓语,状语 The sun rises in the east. 主语,谓语,状语
划分句子成分
1.The girl under the tree is Kate . 2.I bought a new dictionary. 3.The boy is in this room. 4.Your watch is not the same as mine. 5.The poor boy was my son. 6.When he came in, she smiled.
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补 足语
They study French. Tom gives me a pen-box. He found the old man

句子成分和五种基本句型

句子成分和五种基本句型

Exercises:
1.Don’t leave the water______ while you brush your teeth. (2004年天津) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it______ often enough. (2005年天津) A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
三、祈使句: Be sure to get here before nine. You do it right now. 四、感叹句: ① what + 感叹句: What a noble-hearted man he was! What good news it is! ② how + 感叹句: How well she dances! How fast they are working!
They found her happy that day.
2.主语+不及物动词 来自 S + Vi. )The telephone rang. His father might have died. We all breathe, drink and eat.
注:这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词,状语并非结构 上不可缺少的成分。但在某种情况下,不加状语便不能表 达完整的意思,这就引出了下列句型:
A great deal of water is used by people in that city. (被动语态)
She is reading a novel. You may have seen each other. He is doing morning exercises. This factory makes machine tools. Mary has ordered a new dress. I have had my lunch. 注:这种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词,后面只跟一个宾语,因 此称单宾及物动词,一般不需状语即可表达完整的意思。但在某些 情况下,状语必不可少,这就引出了下列句型: △ 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语: He put the vase on the table. Jim brought his suitcases upstairs. I’ll take Mary to the station. They treated him kindly.

初中英语五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释

初中英语五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释

1五种简单句基本句型1.“主语+谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。

例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。

2.“主语+谓语+宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。

例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。

3.“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。

例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。

4.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。

例:He asked her to go there.分析:“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。

5.“主语+系动词+表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。

汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。

常用的系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go,grow, turn, look, feel, seem,smell, sound, taste,等。

句子成份及五种基本句型

句子成份及五种基本句型

句子成份及五种基本句型湖北黄石三中:李毓missliyu@一. 句子成份:句子的组成部分叫句子成份。

英语的基本成分有八种:主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、表语(Predicative)、宾语(Object)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。

句子的直接成分是由主语和谓语构成。

主语:是一个句子叙述的主体,说的是“什么人即who”或“什么事物即what”。

一般位于句首。

是由名词(词组)、主格代词(词组)、动名词(词组)、不定式(短语)、名词性从句构成。

谓语:说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

是由动词或动词短语构成。

一般放在主语之后。

在结构上变化多样。

可分为简单谓语(由一个动词或动词短语构成)和复合谓语(1.由情态动词或其它助动词+动词原形或动词的某种形式构成2.由系动词+表语构成)。

动词可分为及物动词vt、不及物动词vi、连系动词link. v、助动词aux.v.(协助主要动词构成时态、语态,是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,必须和其他实义动词一起构成谓语。

没有对应的汉译)、情态动词mod.v. (本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,只能和实义动词原形构成谓语。

不能单独作谓语)及物动词:有的vt后必须带宾语(叫单宾及物动词)如:like ,hate等;有的及物动词后带双宾(叫双宾及物动词)如give, lend等;有的及物动词后带复合宾语即宾语和宾补(叫复合宾语及物动词)如find, see, consider等. 当其宾语作主语,可变被动语态不及物动词:其后不能直接接宾语,可单独作谓语,无被动语态;有的不及物动词后可接相应的介词,其功能相当于vt,后可接宾语,若当其宾语作主语,可变被动语态。

连系动词:后接表语或补语。

※不同谓语结构决定着不同的句型。

某些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。

五种基本句型和句子成分

五种基本句型和句子成分

英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如:Country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been d ecided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

We study for the people.I can speak a little English.We are reading books.He has gone to Beijing.3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。

My sister is a nurse. (名词)Is it yours?(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)His hobby is playing football.(动名词)The ruler must be in your box.(介词短语)Time is up. The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后。

五种基本句型 划分句子成分解读

五种基本句型 划分句子成分解读

阅读下面的句子并且找出每句话的谓语。
1. English plays an important role in many fields.
2. Mary was late for school today. 3. They couldn’t be at home yesterday. 4. Jack must be sleeping at the moment. 5. I have finished all the work by myself. 6. All the kids are cleaning their dormitories. 7. He doesn’t study hard and he will feel sorry later.
She is a beautiful girl
主语,系动词,表语
I like fishing.
主语,谓语,宾语 It turns out to be good. 主语,系动词,表语
She sent me a letter. 主语,谓语,间宾,直宾
It seems so nice. 主语,系动词,表语 Your brother has gone home. 主语,谓语,状语 The sun rises in the east. 主语,谓语,状语
3.主语+动词+宾语+宾补(n./adj/adv/介词短语/to do sth- )
We asked him to come back.
She thought him a good partner.
We elected him our headteacher.
4.主语+动词+间宾+直宾 直接宾语:动作的具体内容是什么 间接宾语:动作的对象--为谁,给谁 Mum bought me a new toy. I will pass you some papers. She lend me some money.

高考英语复习语法知识讲解讲义(5种基本句型+4种句子成分)

高考英语复习语法知识讲解讲义(5种基本句型+4种句子成分)

高考英语基本句型英语中常见的句型有以下五种:1、主语 + 谓语2、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语3、主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语4、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语5、主语 + 谓语(系动词)+ 表语一、主谓结构I write、(我写字)You smile、(你微笑)He leaves、(他离开了)She dances、(她跳舞)The river floods、(河水泛滥)The accident happened、(那场事故发生了)某人(或事物)做某事,其中某人(或事物)是动作或行为的发起者,我们称其为主语,后面的动作或行为我们称之为谓语。

二、主谓宾结构I write a letter.You leave your home.He goes to school.She beats me.The flood destroys many houses.The accident causes 2 deaths.上述句子的共同点在于除了表示某人(或事物)做某事之外,还牵涉了另一个人(或事物),这个人(或事物)作为动作或行为的承受者,我们称其为宾语。

三、主谓+双宾结构I write you a letter.His father left him a lot of money.He bought me a new phone.She told me the truth.The government gave him a new mission.在主谓宾结构之外,上述句子又增加了一个人(或事物)作为动作的承受者,也就是又一个宾语。

也可以改写为:I wrote a letter to you.His father left a lot of money to him.He bought a new phone for me.She told the truth to me.The government gave a new mission to him.可以看到,这样调整之后句子的前半部分仍然是完整的主谓宾结构。

句子结构,句子成分,五种基本句型

句子结构,句子成分,五种基本句型

英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。

一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。

句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。

句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。

1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。

如:Students study. (学生学习)We are friends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。

2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。

如:Students study. (学生学习。

)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。

3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。

放在及物动词或者介词之后。

如:They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。

)I play with him. (我和他一起玩。

)这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。

4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。

形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。

如:This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。

)这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语。

5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。

常由副词担任。

修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。

如:The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。

)I often write to him. (我常给他写信。

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句子成分英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如:Country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

We study for the people.I can speak a little English.We are reading books.He has gone to Beijing.3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。

My sister is a nurse. (名词)Is it yours?(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)His hobby is playing football.(动名词)The ruler must be in your box.(介词短语)Time is up. The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后。

We like English. (名词)How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)It began to rain.(不定式短语)I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的。

His father named him David.(名词)They painted their boat white.(形容词)Let the fresh air in.(副词)We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。

Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)There are thirty women teachers in our school.(名词)His progress(进步)in English made us surprised.(代词)Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)7、状语: 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。

状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。

副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

He lives in London.Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.(不定式短语)He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)Once(一旦) you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)状语种类如下:How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)I am taller than he is.(比较状语)指出下列句子斜体部分是什么句子成分:1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. He wants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice(建议).9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14. He noticed(注意到) a man entereing the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.判断类型和句子成分:She came.She likes English.She is happy.The teacher asked me to read the passage.She bought a book for me.She gave John a book.My head aches.She makes her mother angry.The sun was shining.He enjoys reading.I want to have a cup of tea.She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。

I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。

He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。

What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想?The children are playing happily.The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。

The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。

基本句型一: S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词:appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise, 如:学生们学习很努力。

_____________________________________基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有:be(是); get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)A. 表示状态的连系动词。

这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。

1) We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。

2) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。

_________________________________________________.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。

这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。

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