中考英语语法复习教案讲义第十一讲：非谓语动词

非谓语动词
一、什么是非谓语动词？
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

它不受人称和数的限制。

二、非谓语动词分为三种形式：
✧不定式：to+动词原形
✧动名词：动词原形+ing
✧分词（现在分词和过去分词）
三、考点分析
非谓语动词是每年中考的必考内容，主要集中在对动词不定式和动名词的考查。

非谓语动词
考点一：动名词
1、动词+doing
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
spend...(in) doing sth. 花费……做某事
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
imagine sb. doing sth. 想象某人做某事
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习
错过建议保持介意值得考虑
2、介词+doing
常考介词: at, in, on, of, off, for, from, up, about, without, to 等等。

be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事
be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣
insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事
be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事
thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事
be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
without doing sth. 没有做某事
think about doing sth. 考虑做某事
What ∕ How about doing sth.?做某事怎么样?
此to非彼to
look forward to doing sth. （期望）
pay attention to doing sth. （注意）
be used to doing sth. （习惯于）
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. （更喜欢）
devote to doing sth. （致力于）
make a contribution to doing sth. （做贡献）
考点二：动词不定式:
❖肯定式: to do
❖否定式: not to do
❖省略to的: do
1、基本形式：
to+动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to）
2、特点：
A. 没有人称和数的变化
B. 可以有自己的宾语和状语
C. 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为to
be+动词的过去分词）
3、用法：
A、作主语，如
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
= It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.
注意：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。

除动词be外，动词take, cost也常用于上述结构。

B、作表语，如
The important thing is to finish the work on time.
C、作宾语
①动词+ to do 常见动词有agree, decide, fail, hope, wish , want, plan 等
e.g.They decided to visit the Great Lakes.
②动词+疑问词+ to do I don’t know what to do.
e.g.Could you tell me how to get to the train station?
③动词+ it(形式宾语）+宾补+to do I find it important to learn English.
D、作宾补
①动词+ 宾语+to do
Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary.
注：有以上结构的常用动词有tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, warn, allow, encourage, advise 等。

②动词+ 宾语+ do(不带to 的不定式)
注：常用的动词是：感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice；使役动词have, make, let。

E、作状语
可以表目的、表结果、表原因
e.g.如To catch the train, we had to get up early.
F、作定语（必须后置）
e.g.I have a lot of books to read.
动词不定式的特殊句型
1. too…to表示“太……而不能……”。

如：
The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。

2. enough to表示“足够做什么”。

如：
He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。

3. Why don't you 加不带to的不定式?等于Why not 加不带to的不定式?
如：Why don't you get her a photo album?
等于Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢?
4. had better(not)加不带to的不定式表示“最好(不要)”。

如：
You had better not stay there today. 你今天最好别待在那儿。

5. Will you please加不带to的不定式?表示“你能怎么样吗?”如：
Will you please close the door?你能把门关上吗?
6. prefer to do something rather than do something 表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。

如：
She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。

注意：
在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意：
1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式要省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to, 如：
I always saw her play violin.
He was made to work 12 hours a day.
2、动词不定式的否定形式为：not + to do
Mr. Smith asked the boy _________(not play) this kind of game.
Please have him ______(not do) so much housework.
只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：
决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
want ∕ would like to do sth.想做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
afford to do sth. 支付得起做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事
make up one’s mind to do sth.下决心做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：
请求与告诉
想要邀请期待鼓励与建议
答应告诫允许提醒和帮助
ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
promise sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事
warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人不要做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
省略to的情况:
◆使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看
◆feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have/ look at, see, watch, notice had better （not）do sth. 最好(不)做……
Why not /Why don’t you do sth.? 为什么不做……?
help sb.（to）do sth. 帮助某人做某事
would rather do... 宁愿做……
Would you please do sth.？能请你做某事吗？
情态动词+do
助动词+do
区分下列词组:
see sb. doing/ do sth.
hear sb. doing/ do sth.
watch sb. doing/ do sth.
notice sb. doing/ do sth.
感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel
+do 表示动作的完整性，
+doing 表示动作的进行性。

注意：被动语态中不能省去to。

重难点：
1.非谓在初中的概念以及用法。

2.非谓在写作和口语表达中的运用。

动词不定式
()1.We have worked for so long.Shall we stop ________ a rest？(2016年青岛)
A．have B．to having C．having D．to have
()2.I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered ________ me to watch an opera.(2016年天津)
A．took B．takes C．to take D．taking
()3.This weekend our class will go to a mountain near our city ________ trees.(2016年资阳)
A．plant B．planted C．to plant D．planting
()4.These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits.They tell people ________ shark fins in order to protect sharks.(2016年临沂)
A．eat B．to eat C．not eat D．not to eat
疑问词＋不定式
()5.—I'll have a ten­day holiday.But I don't know ________.
—How about Paris？(2016年成都)
A．what to do B．where to go C．when to go
()6.How kind you are! You always do what you can ________ others.(2016年绵阳)
A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help
动名词
()7.After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.(2016年上海)
A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
()8.Bruce practices ________ basketball every day so that he can be a better player.(2016年海南)
A．play B．to play C．playing
()9.I tried to make the baby ________ by singing, and that worked well at last.(2016年随州)
A．to stop to cry B．to stop crying
C．stop to cry D．stop crying
()10.—I think you should stop ________ him in English.
—I see.He can't understand English at all.Let me try in French.(2016年襄阳)
A．talking to B．to talk to C．talk to D．to talking to
()1.The group found it hard ________ the job on time.
A．finishing B．finished C．to finish D．finish
()2.It's raining heavily.You'd better ________ now.
A．don't go B．don't to go C．not leave D．not to leave
()3.I'm allowed ________ on Saturday.
A.go to the movies
B.going to the movies
C．went to the movies D.to go to the movies
()4.We mix the water and flour ________ bread.
A．to make B．making C．make D．makes
()5.Linda would rather ________ than stay here.
A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．leave
()6.Did you watch the actor ________ the whole play yesterday?
A．performing B．to perform C．perform D．performed
()7.Why not ________ it as soon as possible?
A．finish B．to finish C．finishes D．finishing
()8.It's really a wonderful trip.I have many things ________ you.
A．telling B．to tell C．tells D．tell
()9.No one wants to tell me ________.
A．when do it B.when doing it
C．where to buy the book D.where do they buy the book
()10.My mum had me ________ a bottle of oil for her.
A．to buy B．buy C．buying D．buys
()11.The baby was made ________ by his naughty brother.
A．crying B．cry C．to cry D．cries
()12.My family invite you ________ next Friday for the party.
A．come B．to come C．coming D．came
()13.Can you see the girl ________ outside the classroom? She is Miss Li's daughter.
A．stands B．standing C．stand D．to stand
()14.—It's too hot.Would you mind my ________ the window?
—________.Do it as you like, please.
A.to open; OK B．opening; Certainly not
C．opening; Of course D．open; Good idea
()15.—The doctor told me ________ too much, but I find it difficult.
—The doctor is right.The less you drink, ________ you will be.
A．don't drink; the healthier B．not to drink; the healthier
C．not to drink; the more healthier D．don't drink; healthier
()16.—What he enjoys ________ great and interesting.
—Yes, but it's dangerous.
A．sounds B．sounding C．sounded D．is sounded
()17.The girl prefers ______ to music to ________ games.
A．listen; play B．listening; playing C．listening; play D．listen; playing
()18.The shoes were worn out, what's more, they aren't worth ________.
A．to mend B．mending C．mended D．for mending
()19.He likes ________，but he doesn't like ________ today because it is too cold.
A．to swim; to swim B．swimming; swimming C．to swim; swimming D．swimming; to swim
()20.Jackie warned me ________ anything.He said it was very dangerous.
A．not touch B．not touched C．not touching D．not to touch
()21.—Can I borrow your bike？I promise ________ your bicycle on good condition.
—Of course.
A．return B．to return C．returning D．returned
()22.I prefer ________ to music to ________ the guitar when I am free on holidays.
A．listen; play B．listening; play
C．listen; playing D．listening; playing
()23.It's very kind of you________me the way to the post office.
A．show B．showing C．shows D．to show
()24.Smoking is harmful to your health, so you should try not ________.
A．smoke B．to smoke C．smoking D．smoked
()25.We organized two talent shows ________ money for the people in trouble in Yingjiang.
A．to give B．give C．to raise D．raise
()26.—Do you enjoy ________ novels?
—Yes.I often read novels when I am free.
A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read
()27.Chinese athletes did a great job in the Winter Olympics in Sochi.It can encourage post­00s (00后) ________.
A．work harder B．worked harder
C．working harder D．to work harder
()28.How careless you are! You'd better ________ your homework on time.
A．hand in B．handing in C．hands in D．to hand in
()29.She couldn't help ________ when she heard the bad news.
A．cry B．crying C．to do D．did
()30.My brother Jack would rather ________ story books than watch TV on Sundays.
A．reads B．to read C．read D．reading
核心·考点集训
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演练·巩固提升
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