英语专业四级_青松

If I were not to do the work, she should do it some other day. = Were I not to do the work,…...
If you had come earlier, you would have met him. = Had you come earlier, …… If it should / were to rain, the crops would be saved. = Should it rain / Were it to rain, ……
虚拟语气
二. 从句中的(should) do 句型类
1. 动 词 suggest, propose, ask, command, demand, require, urge, order, recommend, insist 等表示“建议”、 “决定”、 “命令”、和“要求”的动词 + that引导的宾 语从句中使用(should) do 句型。(suggest, recommend和 insist 分别当“表明”、“推荐”和“坚持认为”讲时不用 虚拟语气。) E.g. He proposed that the girl (should) be the first to leave.(提议) E.g. She insisted that Mary come to help her. (坚持要求)
4.用于if, though, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether…or…, lest, in case , for fear that, so long as等引导的状语从句中,表示推 测、让步、忧虑等。 If he break the regulation, he will be fined. whoever you be, you have no right to do such a thing. Whichever be the case, her sister’s situation remained the same. Whether he succeed or fail, it will not matter to me. Be he friend or enemy, the law regards him as a criminal. (= Whether he be friend or enemy,….) Though we be poor, we will still be happy. I’ll be kind to her lest she decide to leave me. The young driver looked over the engine carefully in case it (should) go wrong on the road.
3. If only “要是…就好了”
If only I were twenty years old. If only the weather would change. If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you. If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
5. wish + that 从句结构的虚拟语气。
1）表示与目前事实相反的愿望时，用动词的一般过去时。
I wish I were/was ten years younger. I wish it were/ was spring all the year round. I wish I knew the strange foreign language. 2) 表达与过去的事实相反的愿望，即对过去的既定事实表示后悔、 可惜、遗憾等， 用动词的过去完成时。 I wish she had not left. I wish that John had agreed. I wish you hadn’t spent so much money. 3) 表达与预料的将来情况相反的愿望，用 would, could + 动词原 型表示虚拟。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more. I wish I could be of some use. I wish you would be more respectful to your father.
2. 由上述动词派生来的名词后加that引导的同位 语从句或表语从句中用(should) do 句型。 E.g. It is my suggestion that he be our monitor. E.g. The manager’s command was that all the new employees have the physical check first.
虚拟语气
三. Were型
以下单词或短语后所引出的从句用虚拟语气，如 果是表示与现在事实相反的情况，要用一般过去 时；如果是表示与过去事实相反的情况，要用过 去完成时。 1. it is time/ about time/ high time (that) “是…时间 了” E.g. It„s about time that we had dinner. 2. would rather “宁愿……” (A宁愿B做某事); E.g. I would rather he had not invited me.
3.当上述动词的过去分词及下列形容词strange, important, necessary, essential, urgent, natural, unusual, advisable, desirable, vital等用于句型 It is ……that 中时,that 引导的从句中用(should) do 句型。 E.g. It is required that the new law be enforced at once. E.g. It is necessary that he make good preparations for the examination.
虚拟语气 四：其他情况下的虚拟语气
1. should / ought to have done “本该做却没做” You should have arrived there earlier. 2. Should not / ought not to have done
……+ have + 过去分词
should+ 动词原形 3.与将来事实相反 were to+ 动词原形 [一般过去时(be动词用were)]
……+ 动词原形
1. 与 现 在 事 实 相 反 ： If I were you, I should/would/could take an umbrella with me. 2.与过去事实相反：If I had known it / Had I known it, I should/would/could have reported you. 3.与将来事实相反：If it rained / were to / should rain tomorrow, I should/would/could stay at home.
4. as if “仿佛，好像” (be动词用were,第一，第三人称 单数可以用was)。 He talked about Egypt as if he had been there. The electric current flows through a conductor as though it were/was a fluid. She feels as though John were/ was a member of her family. 注意：当句子谓语为sound, look, smell, taste, seem,而 且as if从句中所述情况可能符合实际时，从句中可用陈 述语气的谓语动词。 It looks as if the are all in a terrible hurry. It seems as if we shall have to walk. This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. It sounds as if the music is African.
If he breaks,…/ Whoever you are,…/ Though we are poor,…/ …lest she should decide to leave me.
5.用于某些表示祝愿、诅咒、让步、禁止、命令 等 语句中。
Long live the People’s Republic of China! God bless you! God damn you! Heaven forbid! Devil take him. Come / Happen what may (=Whatever may come/happen), we will go ahead. Home is home, be it ever so homely. Everybody leave the room!
5.虚拟条件句的倒装：该类虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含 有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
If they were here now, they could help us. = Were they here now, ……
虚拟语气
1. 非真实条件句 2. 从句中的(should) do 句型类 3. Were型 4. 其他情况下的虚拟语气
虚拟语气
一 非真实条件句
条件状语从句 1.与现在事实相反 2.与过去事实相反 从句 一般过去时(be动词用were) had + 过去分词 主句
would/should(第一人 称)/could/might + 动词原 形

4. 错综时间(混合时态)条件句： 1) 过去----现在 If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would feel better now. 2) 现在----过去 If I were you, I would have finished the work tow hours ago. 3) 过去----将来 If he had begun this work last week, he would finish it tomorrow. 4) 将来----过去 If he should get there tomorrow, he would have started a week ago. 5) 现在----将来 If you didn‟t make up your mind now, you might be regretful in future.
?动词ing形式和动词ed形式在充当定语时选前者还是后者是由定语和被修饰词的关系如果定语与被修饰词是主动关系则用动词ing形式被动关系则用动词ed形式
英语专业四级讲义
英语专业四级讲义
• Grammar and Vocabulary • Writing
Grammar and Vocabulary
• • • • • • • • • 1. 虚拟语气 2. 非谓语动词 3. 情态助动词某些用法 4. 独立主格结构 5. 动词时态与语态 6. 主从复合句和其他连接用语的用法 7. 冠词及其他限定词的某些用法 8. 倒装 9. 强调 10.否定 11. 省略 12. 反意疑问句