《美英报刊文章阅读》复习

《美英报刊文章阅读》复习
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力
《美英报刊文章阅读》复习
第一题:将15个英语名词短语翻译成中文(15×1)
不好说，不难，自己看书。

最好把书上的单词弄懂意思。

第二题:用英语写出5所著名大学或政府机构名字(5×2)
美国大学:Yale University:耶鲁大学 Harvard University:哈佛大学Princeton University:普林斯顿大学 Stanford University:斯坦福大学Brown University:布朗大学 University of Pennsylvania:宾夕法尼亚大Columbia University:哥伦比亚大学……
美国政府机构:白宫(The White House) 农业部(ministry of Agriculture) 商务部(Commerce Department) 国防部(Ministry of
National Defense)
联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation) 教育部(Ministry of Education)
国防部(Department of Defense Administration) ……
第三题:写出5个英语缩写的全称(5×2)
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力
FOR EXAM:UN=United Nations
第四题:翻译15个报刊杂志或出版社名字成中文(15×1)
美国
The New York Times 《纽约时报》 Fortune .《财富》 The Washington Post 《华盛顿邮Business Week .《商业周刊》报》 Far Eastern Economic Review .《远东经济Los Angeles Times 《洛杉矶时评论》
报》
USA Today 《今日美国英国
报》 The Times . 《泰晤士The Wall Street Journal .《华尔街日报》报》 Financial Times 《金融时International Herald Tribune .《国际先驱论报》
坛报》 The Guardian 《卫报》 The Christian Science Monitor..《基督教科学The Daily Telegraphy .《每日电箴言报》讯报》
Time ...《时代》周刊 The Independent .《独立报》Newsweek …《新闻周刊》 The Economist 《经济学U.S. News & World Report ..《美国新闻家》与世界报道》 The Spectator 《旁观者》Reader’s Digest ..《读者文摘》 New Statesman 《新政治
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力家》
The Associated Press (AP):美国联合通讯社 Reuters:英国路透社
United Press International(UPI):美国合众国际社
第五题:回答与课文相关的5个问题(5×3)
答案见下页。

第六题:翻译段落成中文(35)
课后习题答案
，时间有限,没有将问题一并列出，
Lesson Two
1. Not only had China changed dramatically since most of them had
left but also the nation could offer more personal freedoms and economic opportunities than ever before. 2. Most of them like to go in for ecommerce.
3. Because IT is the leading industry now.
4. They want to gain experience in the States before they come back.
5. It is the complicated relationship and the uncertainty of our human resource management system.
6. It means some of the HBS elite have made their final decision to return to China to serve their country.
Lesson Three
1. The writer thinks that the best way to appreciate how much changed in China has is to
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力 examine the people themselves: what they eat and drink now and how dangerously overweight more than one-fifth of adults are.
2. Traditional Chinese lifestyle emphasizes restraint while the Western lifestyle emphasizes indulgence. The change from Traditional lifestyle to Western indulgence will affect public health strongly: deaths from diet-related illnesses are expected to increase 10 times faster than population growth. And the increase in health care costs could slow down the economic development.
3. Less exercise and more fat in the diet. Because people have more money than before.
4. YES. He believes that increased supplies of
alcohol, together with the rising disposable income, have stimulated drinking.
5. YES. Unhealthy eating and drinking may cause diseases like heart attack, stroke and adult-onset diabetes, and the government will have to spend more money to treat these diseases.
Lesson Five
1. in the late fall. Thi s is a challenge to Darwin’s theory which
is widely regarded as one of the
best-supported ideas in science since it comes from decades of study and objective evidence. Till now Darwin’s theory is the only explanation for the rich variety of life forms on Earth, so scientists fell horrible.
2. Bush supports the idea of introducing both evolutionism and intelligent design in biology class. His attitude will further provoke battles on the topic and even bring more political and competitive pressure on science.
3. NO. Because Darwin’s theory has conflicted with people’s religious convictions. The
“monkey trial” was a famous case, in which Tennessee school
teacher was convicted of
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力 violating the ban of teaching evolution in 1925. That was a big war between creationism and evolutionism.
4. Living things are too exquisitely complex to have evolved by a combination of chance mutations and natural selection. Some pieces in the fossil record that may prove the evolution process are missing.
5. NO. The earlier anti-Darwinists, mostly creationists, regarded evolution as a heresy and they openly claimed the role of God. But the proponents of intelligent design accept some role of evolution and they avoid bringing God into the discussion.
6. They think the intelligent design is faith-based, so the debate about evolution is not a real scientific argument.
7. Because it is difficult for people to argue over such benign and earnest language. This can even make people feel the theory a scientific one and avoid violation against the Constitution. 8. 开放性问题。

Lesson Six
1. It is a riff on classic territorial conquest board game. It more closely resembles an intramural or interscholastic sport than the
typical online video game.
2. This game provides players for the possibility of team work, and discussion on strategy and ways to win the hegemony.
3. The game enables players to gather together in the real world to elect commanders, recruit other players and discuss strategy and ways of spying on opponents as they formulate their battle plans.
4. The company will inevitably face challenges if the game continues to show signs of promise. Deep-pockets video companies might start amassing on GXC’s borders with their own
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力 versions.
5. GXC creates really intense and enthusiastic groups of online gamers, essentially out of people who have often never played an online game before in their lives. The game also exploits up the social networking to a great extent.
Lesson seven
1.Do researchers agree with each other on the correlation between college selectivity and future income of the graduates?
No. according to Alan Krueger and Stacy Berg Dale, college
selectivity does not affect future earnings of the students very much, e specially students with affluent backgrounds. But Caroline Hoxby’s research shows that the choice of different colleges makes a great difference to the
students’ future income.
2. Are all state-run universities less competitive than private universities? Please give examples.
No. some state-run universities are more competitive than the
private ones, such as the University of Michigan, Ohio’s Miami University and the University of North Carolina.
3. If a candidate is admitted to Harvard University, but decides to go to a state university, will his future earnings be affected?
According to the research of Krueger and Dale, a candidate’s future earning will not be
affected. His good qualities will be carried to the workplace and he will be duly paid. 4. For students from poor backgrounds, does it affect their future earning to choose an elite university? Why?
Yes. That’ because at an elite university they will have better access to the network of affluent students and alumni, and this will influence their future job hunting.
5. Where do most top companies go to recruit their employees? Why?
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力 The top universities,
because that is where the majority of talented students graduate. 6.
What has influenced the old pattern of employee recruiting for companiee?
The introduction of the dot-com world has changed the old pattern of employee recruiting for companies. Old companies began to employ
students further down the educational food chain, as they can’t hire enough MBAs from Wharton, Harvard and other elite schools.
7. What is the attitude of the author toward the issue of college selectivity? He keeps a fairly objective point of view. In regard to the correlation between college selectivity and future income, he makes
three points:
(1) An elite education gives students – especially less affluent
ones – better access to certain
kinds of elite jobs;
(2)There is no economic advantage to choosing an expensive, mediocre private school over a top public one;
(3) Talented students rise to the top everywhere.
Lesson Eight
1. Both elections took place when economy was in recession and the candidates talked about economy most in their campaign.
2. Policymakers are reluctant to admit the economic recession and remain optimistic about the economic prospect.
3. The trouble started with housing.
4. Fiscal policy and monetary policy. As the primaries roll into economically depressed Michigan, the need for the government to stimulate the economy has become a hot political issue.
5. Because rich people account for a disproportionate share of consumer purchase. As long as
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力 they keep buying things, the economy can keep growing.
6. Banks have to set aside money for bad loans because of higher write offs of auto and credit-card loans.
7. We still don’t know. Banks recovering from poor lending decisions are less willing to make mortgage loans. And, unlike the argument that the rich will spend anyway, even rich people are struggling and behind in card payment.
Lesson nine
1. What are the most important factors that contributed to Obama’s victory in the
presidential election?
1. American people were dissatisfied with Bush’s administration because of its failure in
handling of the economy, Hurricane Katrina and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. McCain, the Republican candidate, could not overcome his connections to the increasingly unpopular administration. Though he promised some reform, his proposals, however, largely echoed Bush’s policies. Obama’s reformist messa ge of change, therefore, could inspire people,
especially people living at the bottom of the society, the black and the Hispanic for example. Besides, his ability to raise money, his organizational strength and his ability to appeal to white voters also played a very important role in the Presidential election.
2. Has the Democratic Party won a majority of seats in Congress? What does that mean to Democrats?
Yes. The Democrats already dominated Congress two years earlier,but it was a thin majority. Therefore they want to earn more seats in Congress. Only by so doing could they use their legislative muscle to advance an economic and foreign police agenda that Bush largely blocked for eight years without fearing the Republicans hindering their efforts by fi libustering. 3. What are McCain’s and Bush’s attitudes towards Obama’s victory?
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力
McCain congratulated Obama in a phone call and then delivered a gracious concession speech before his supporters. He said,”This is an
historic election, and I recognize the special significance it has for African Americans and the specia pride that must be theirs to night.”
Bush called Obama to offer his congratulations. And he promised a smooth transition. He siad, “You are about to go on one of the great journeys of life. Congrratulations, and go enjoy yourself.”
4. Has Obama accomplished his promise to transform the electoral map? How was that map changed?
Yes, he has. The electoral map turned blue in places where
Republicans had labored for a decade to cultivate a permanent
conservative voter base that would ensure their presidential victories. Obama appeared to have made huge gains among Hispaic voters,earning
about two- thirds of their votes. He also captured 95 percent of black voters. Obama won a majority of women and took the support of 49% of men.
5. Why does the writer say Obama made history?
He was the first African American to ascend to the White House. He
is the fifth youngest man
thelected to a first presidential term. He is the 16 senator to
ascend to the office and the first
since Nixon’s election in 1968..
6, 开放性问题
Lesson Ten
1. More and more people are deciding not to come to and settle in United States because of tougher enforcement and border control, the slowing US economy and the impressive growth in developing countries.
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力 2. The government enforced a strict control along the US-Mexico border by employing enough Border Patrol agents and National Guard members to prosecute immigrants for illegal entry and inland egregious employers as well as illegal aliens.
3. Less work for immigrants.
4. It means that people no longer want to migrate to the US because it is not their ideal place to make money any more.
Lesson Eleven
1. The latest report f oresees “a world in which the US plays a prominent role in global events, but the US is seen as one among many global actors”. The report issued four years ago had
projected “continuing US dominance”.
2. It means that Americans, especially the intellectuals, think that America is in decline.
3. The war in Iraq and Afghanistan; the rise of China and India; the financial crisis.
4. He pointed out that America may recover from the new decline just like before and there may be a resurgence of American confidence.
5. Because he thinks that China may pose more challenge to the US than the Soviet Union and Japan since it has a large size and a record of sustained and dynamic economic growth.
6. 开放性问题。

Lesson Thirteen
1. The “three-word mantra” is “war on terror”. The author’s attitude toward it is basically
negative. He says that the mantra has had a very bad impact on America, causing a mentality of fear in the US undermining US’s
standing in the world, and greatly undermining US’s
strength against terrorism actually.
BETA 2 2011/7/2 您的支持就是我最大的动力 2. The major objective for
the Bush Administration to refer to “war on terror” constantly, according to the author, is to create a “culture of fear”, so that the public could be misled to
follow the policies the politicians want to pursue, to vote for them.
3. The endless increase of the sites as potentially important
national targets for would-be terrorists.
4. The discrimination against Arabs, such as drivers in turbans
taken as suspicious terrorists, films produced with evil characters with recognizable Arab features, and animus towards Muslim travelers, has stimulated a strong Islam phobia.
5. The rough treatment of Iraqi civilians by the US military has prompted a widespread sense of hostility toward the US in general.
Lesson Fourteen
1. Iraq was in possession of weapons of mass destruction and biochemical weapons and Saddam’s regime had links with the Al-Qaida terrorists.
2. Because the evidence of Iraq’s possession of WMD and biochemical weapons have not been
found and people in the world have become suspicious of US’s claim that North Korea is
trying to produce nuclear weapons.
3. Because thousands of Iraqi people have died and they had to leave their hometowns and could not live a normal life.
4. Private contractors or companies working in Iraq such as Blackwater.
5. Iraq is one of the oil-producing countries. During the war, the
oil production was ceased, the cut of the oil production led to the rise in the price of oil.
6. The relationship is mutually beneficial.
其他课文出题可能性小,不提供答案,感谢您的使用。

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第十三章:干燥
通过本章的学习，应熟练掌握表示湿空气性质的参数，正确应用空气的H–I
图确定空气的状态点及其性质参数;熟练应用物料衡算及热量衡算解决干燥过程中的计算问题;了解干燥过程的平衡关系和速率特征及干燥时间的计算;了解干燥器的类型及强化干燥操作的基本方法。

二、本章思考题
1、工业上常用的去湿方法有哪几种,
态参数,
11、当湿空气的总压变化时，湿空气H–I图上的各线将如何变化? 在t、H相同的条件下，提高压力对干燥操作是否有利? 为什么?
12、作为干燥介质的湿空气为什么要先经预热后再送入干燥器,
13、采用一定湿度的热空气干燥湿物料，被除去的水分是结合水还是非结合水,为什么,
14、干燥过程分哪几种阶段,它们有什么特征,
15、什么叫临界含水量和平衡含水量,
16、干燥时间包括几个部分,怎样计算,
17、干燥哪一类物料用部分废气循环,废气的作用是什么,
18、影响干燥操作的主要因素是什么,调节、控制时应注意哪些问题,
三、例题
2o例题13-1:已知湿空气的总压为101.3kN/m ,相对湿度为50%，干球温度为
20 C。

试用I-H图求解:
(a)水蒸汽分压p;
(b)湿度,;
BETA 2 2011/7/2
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(c)热焓，;
(d)露点t ; d
(e)湿球温度tw ;
o(f)如将含500kg/h干空气的湿空气预热至117C，求所需热量,。

解 :
2o由已知条件:,,101.3kN/m，Ψ,50%，t=20 C在I-H图上定出湿空气00
的状态点,点。

(a)水蒸汽分压p
过预热器气所获得的热量为
每小时含500kg干空气的湿空气通过预热所获得的热量为
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例题13-2:在一连续干燥器中干燥盐类结晶，每小时处理湿物料为1000kg，经干燥后物料的含水量由40%减至5%(均为湿基)，以热空气为干燥介质，初始-1-1湿度H为0.009kg水•kg绝干气，离开干燥器时湿度H为0.039kg水•kg 绝干12
气，假定干燥过程中无物料损失，试求:
-1(1) 水分蒸发是q (kg水•h); m,W
-1(2) 空气消耗q(kg绝干气•h); m,L
-1原湿空气消耗量q(kg原空气•h); m,L’
-1(3)干燥产品量q(kg•h)。

m,G2
解:
q=1000kg/h, w=40?, w=5% mG112
H=0.009, H=0.039 12
q=q(1-w)=1000(1-0.4)=600kg/h mGCmG11
x=0.4/0.6=0.67, x=5/95=0.053 12
q=q(x-x)=600(0.67-0.053)=368.6kg/h mwmGC12
q(H-H)=q mL21mw
q368.6mwq,,,12286.7 mLH,H0.039,0.00921
q=q(1+H)=12286.7(1+0.009)=12397.3kg/h mL’mL1
q=q(1-w) mGCmG22
q600mGCq,,,631.6kg/h? mG21,w1,0.052
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