冶金专业的英语精品课程
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
(2) After the year 1755，steam engines and large electric motor were used as blast momentum to force more air into the hearth increasing blast volume greatly.
Background Information
图1 平炉生产示意图
电弧炉炼钢
Text
Worldwide, the iron and steel industry is one of the most significant and, in terms of tradition, one of the oldest sectors of industry. As early as 3,000 years ago, iron was serving as a basis of human culture and civilization.
Text
In 1865, another efficient process for steelmaking was introduced, this transformed the pig iron and/or scrap into regeneratively heated hearth-type furnace. After its inventors, it was also known as the Siemens-Martin process (or open hearth process). The Siemems-Martin ‘open-hearth’ furnace was so called because the molten metal lies in a comparatively shallow pool on the furnace bottom or hearth as fig1-1 show. This rather inefficient performance of the open-hearth compared with the enormous output of the blast furnace, justified the emergence of the highly productive oxygen process for steel.
BACK
Background Information
钢铁工业是世界上最重要的工业之一， 也是传统史上最古老的工业之一。早在公 元3000年前，铁就是人类文化与文明的基 础。
Background Information
从矿石中提炼铁的历史可以追溯到史 前时期。古时候，铁矿石是在炭火中加 热的（起初无疑是偶然的），当火熄灭 时，像海绵一样的固体铁块就产生了。 海绵铁能够锤打成型制造工具和武器。 冶金前辈发现，在吹火或扇风时，火会 燃烧得更旺，铁就会更快地炼成。从此 以后人们就使用风箱来增加风量。
Text
As soon as electric energy could be supplied in sufficient quantities, electric heat was used for steelmaking. The electric-arc furnace process was first used extensively for the production of alloy steels during the 1914~1918 war. The rapid increases in demand for alloy steels during and after the Second World War led to the construction of larger furnace with lower power consumption per ton of metal. Today, Electric arc furnace has a firm footing in the industry.
The development of modern ironmaking production benefits from the application of several important techniques:
Text
Oxygen steelmaking processes are concerned mainly with the refining of a metallic charge consisting of hot metal (molten pig iron) and scrap through the use of high-purity oxygen to rapidly produce steel of the desired carbon content and temperature. Various steelmaking fluxes are added during the refining process to reduce the sulphur and phosphorus contents of the metal bath to the desired level. The oxygen top-blown process (LD or LD/AC) is currently the more common, but is gradually giving way to combined blowing process in some new plants.
Text
In August 1856, an Englishman, Henry Bessemer, made public the description of a process which eventually reduced the price of steel to about a seventh of its former cost and more important still, made it possible to produce steel in large quantities. Henry Bessemer’s process consisted in blowing air from the bottom through the hot metal so that it could burn away impurities. This process was a mainstay of the steel industry.
Text
The beginning of the extraction of iron from its ores dates back to prehistoric times. In early times, iron ore was heated in a charcoal fire (doubtless by chance at first). When the fire went out, a piece of solid iron like a sponge was left. The spongy iron could be hammered into shape to make tools and weapons. Our metallurgical forefathers found that when they blew or fanned the flames, the fire became hotter and the iron was produced more rapidly, so bellows were used to increase the supply of air.
Language Points Difficult Sentences
Translation
BACK
►翻译技巧 （一） 翻译标准及过程
BACK
Translate the following expressions into English Fill in the blanks with the words from the text Fill in the blanks by choosing the right words form the brackets Decide whether the following statements are true or false (T/F) Translate the following English into Chinese
冶金专业的英语精品课程
Unit 1
From the History of Ironmaking and Steelmaking
Text Analyses Exercises Translations Skills
Background Information Text
Words & Expressions
Text
1.Hardening
(1) In 1709, Abraham Darby, a yang man succeeded in smelting iron with coke. This innovation resulted in a steep rise in pig iron production.
(3) In 1828, Nilson adopted the regenerative hot blast stove to heat air for blast furnace , reducing the coke ratio of blast furnace greatly.
Text
Before the Industrial Revolution, steel was an expensive material, produced in only small quantities for such articles as swords and springs, while structural components were made of cast iron or wrought iron.
Text
The first Bessemer converter was lined with silica bricks .The ‘acid’ Bessemer process, as the Victorian ironmasters discovered, could not eliminate phosphor, which is harmful to steel, so low phosphoric pig irons had to be used. In 1878, two Englishmen, Sidney Thomas and Percy Gilchrist, contributed the improvement whereby they lined the converter with ‘basic’ refractory bricks, containing magnesia or dolomite. Lime was added to the bath to combine with the phosphor and silicon, and thus remove them from the iron in the form of slag containing calcium phosphate calcium silicate. The basic lining of the converter provided conditions under which the reactions with the lime could take place without destroying the furnace lining. If silica brick were used, as in the acid process, the lime would attack it chemically.
Background Information
图1 平炉生产示意图
电弧炉炼钢
Text
Worldwide, the iron and steel industry is one of the most significant and, in terms of tradition, one of the oldest sectors of industry. As early as 3,000 years ago, iron was serving as a basis of human culture and civilization.
Text
In 1865, another efficient process for steelmaking was introduced, this transformed the pig iron and/or scrap into regeneratively heated hearth-type furnace. After its inventors, it was also known as the Siemens-Martin process (or open hearth process). The Siemems-Martin ‘open-hearth’ furnace was so called because the molten metal lies in a comparatively shallow pool on the furnace bottom or hearth as fig1-1 show. This rather inefficient performance of the open-hearth compared with the enormous output of the blast furnace, justified the emergence of the highly productive oxygen process for steel.
BACK
Background Information
钢铁工业是世界上最重要的工业之一， 也是传统史上最古老的工业之一。早在公 元3000年前，铁就是人类文化与文明的基 础。
Background Information
从矿石中提炼铁的历史可以追溯到史 前时期。古时候，铁矿石是在炭火中加 热的（起初无疑是偶然的），当火熄灭 时，像海绵一样的固体铁块就产生了。 海绵铁能够锤打成型制造工具和武器。 冶金前辈发现，在吹火或扇风时，火会 燃烧得更旺，铁就会更快地炼成。从此 以后人们就使用风箱来增加风量。
Text
As soon as electric energy could be supplied in sufficient quantities, electric heat was used for steelmaking. The electric-arc furnace process was first used extensively for the production of alloy steels during the 1914~1918 war. The rapid increases in demand for alloy steels during and after the Second World War led to the construction of larger furnace with lower power consumption per ton of metal. Today, Electric arc furnace has a firm footing in the industry.
The development of modern ironmaking production benefits from the application of several important techniques:
Text
Oxygen steelmaking processes are concerned mainly with the refining of a metallic charge consisting of hot metal (molten pig iron) and scrap through the use of high-purity oxygen to rapidly produce steel of the desired carbon content and temperature. Various steelmaking fluxes are added during the refining process to reduce the sulphur and phosphorus contents of the metal bath to the desired level. The oxygen top-blown process (LD or LD/AC) is currently the more common, but is gradually giving way to combined blowing process in some new plants.
Text
In August 1856, an Englishman, Henry Bessemer, made public the description of a process which eventually reduced the price of steel to about a seventh of its former cost and more important still, made it possible to produce steel in large quantities. Henry Bessemer’s process consisted in blowing air from the bottom through the hot metal so that it could burn away impurities. This process was a mainstay of the steel industry.
Text
The beginning of the extraction of iron from its ores dates back to prehistoric times. In early times, iron ore was heated in a charcoal fire (doubtless by chance at first). When the fire went out, a piece of solid iron like a sponge was left. The spongy iron could be hammered into shape to make tools and weapons. Our metallurgical forefathers found that when they blew or fanned the flames, the fire became hotter and the iron was produced more rapidly, so bellows were used to increase the supply of air.
Language Points Difficult Sentences
Translation
BACK
►翻译技巧 （一） 翻译标准及过程
BACK
Translate the following expressions into English Fill in the blanks with the words from the text Fill in the blanks by choosing the right words form the brackets Decide whether the following statements are true or false (T/F) Translate the following English into Chinese
冶金专业的英语精品课程
Unit 1
From the History of Ironmaking and Steelmaking
Text Analyses Exercises Translations Skills
Background Information Text
Words & Expressions
Text
1.Hardening
(1) In 1709, Abraham Darby, a yang man succeeded in smelting iron with coke. This innovation resulted in a steep rise in pig iron production.
(3) In 1828, Nilson adopted the regenerative hot blast stove to heat air for blast furnace , reducing the coke ratio of blast furnace greatly.
Text
Before the Industrial Revolution, steel was an expensive material, produced in only small quantities for such articles as swords and springs, while structural components were made of cast iron or wrought iron.
Text
The first Bessemer converter was lined with silica bricks .The ‘acid’ Bessemer process, as the Victorian ironmasters discovered, could not eliminate phosphor, which is harmful to steel, so low phosphoric pig irons had to be used. In 1878, two Englishmen, Sidney Thomas and Percy Gilchrist, contributed the improvement whereby they lined the converter with ‘basic’ refractory bricks, containing magnesia or dolomite. Lime was added to the bath to combine with the phosphor and silicon, and thus remove them from the iron in the form of slag containing calcium phosphate calcium silicate. The basic lining of the converter provided conditions under which the reactions with the lime could take place without destroying the furnace lining. If silica brick were used, as in the acid process, the lime would attack it chemically.