炎症

biological factors
infection
inflammation
department of pathology
inflammation
infection
≠
inflammation
infection inflammation
inflammation ≠ infection
department of pathology
slowed blood flow
cellular exudation
department of pathology
slowed blood flow
Leukocytic margination
department of pathology
Slowed blood flow
department of pathology
P72
injury
Arterial contraction
Vascular dilatation and increased blood flow
Blood flow slow-moving and stasis
Ⅰ. changes in vascular flow and calibre
Ⅱ. increased vascular permeability
Infection? Inflammation?
正确应用 抗生素
Ⅲ. Base change
1. Alteration 2. Exudation 3. proliferation
department of pathology
1. Alteration:
degeneration and
necrosis of local living
immediate sustained response delayed prolonged response
3. increased capillary permeability
department of pathology
H2O
proteins proteins
proteins
exudate
Inflammatory oedema
entrapment to the irritant by specialized cells(haemocytes); which then ingest it;
and neutralization of noxious stimuli by hypertrophy of the cell or one of its organelles.
tissue
alteration
Inflammatory factors
Living tissue
alteration inflammation
department of pathology
Acute pancreatitis
abscess
2.Exudation (acute inflammation) This is an important inflammatory process.
Move slow
department of pathology
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
•Acute inflammation •Bacterial and foreign body phagocytosis •Inflammatory mediators reactive oxygen metabolites Lysosomal granule contents
Inflammation is living creature war in body.
department of pathology
Ⅱ. Pathogenesis
(1) physiologic factors (2) chemical factors (3) biological factors (4) necrosis tissue (5) abnormal immunoreactions
department of pathology
1.monocytRee/gumlataescrophage
• inflammatory response • coagulation/fibrinolytic pathway • immune response Inflammatory mediators cytokines(IL-1,IL-6,TNF) lysosomal enzymes
Ⅲ. leukocytic exudation and phagocytosis
department of pathology
increased
P72
vascular permeability
1. contraction and transcytosis of endothelial cell
2. injury of endothelial cell
department of pathology
All these reactions have been retained in other forms of life,but what characterizes the inflammatory process in higher forms is the reaction of the blood vessels,leading to the accumulation of fluid and blood cells.
department of pathology
Ⅰ. changes in vascular flow and calibre
Ⅱ. increased vascular permeability
Ⅲ. leukocytic exudation and phagocytosis
department of pathology
department of pathology
Phagocytosis:
recognition
①
②
Digestion Killing or degradation
③ inteΒιβλιοθήκη nalisationFinal outcome:
Recover from illness
Together exist
Depravation
department of pathology
physiologic factors
inflammation
laryngeal edema →airway narrowed sulfuric acid →bum
inflammation
Tubercle bacillus
Mucor （毛霉菌）
Ascaris （蛔虫）
This is an important process of protecting itself.
department of pathology
Ⅰ. changes in vascular flow and calibre
Ⅱ. increased vascular permeability
Ⅲ. leukocytic exudation and phagocytosis
department of pathology
inflammation
with blood vessels of organism
Central link to
reaction of the blood vessels
department of pathology
The inflammatory response is closely intertwined with the process of repair.
department of pathology
Tissue injury
Category of inflammatory cells
1.monocyte/macrophage 2.polymorphonuclear leukocyte 3.eosinophil 4.basophils(mast cell) 5.lymphocyte/plasma cell
Cytokines TNF IL-1
Chemokines IL-8
E-selectin ICAM-1+VCAM-1
department of pathology
chemotaxsis
Infiltration of inflammatory cell
department of pathology
department of pathology
Ⅰ. Definition:
Inflammation is the response of living tissues to cellular injury.
‘response’ local physiological response
These include phagocytosis of the injurious agent;
department of pathology
Ⅰ. changes in vascular flow and calibre
Ⅱ. increased vascular permeability
Ⅲ. leukocytic exudation and phagocytosis
department of pathology
Chapter 4
inflammation
Section 1. General consideration
Inflammation is the reaction of a tissue and its microcirculation to a pathogenic insult.
It is characterized by the generation of inflammatory mediators and movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into extravascular tissues.
department of pathology
department of pathology
department of pathology
department of pathology
Tissue injury
Mast cell coagulation
complement C5a
P-selectin
repair
irritant factors
injury
Antiinflammatory drug
?
inflammation
department of pathology
It is not, in itself, a disease,but is usually a manifestation of disease.
Normal blood flow
department of pathology
Normal
Produce and return of water
arterial end
fluid
venous end
inflammation
arterial end
fluid
venous end
In acute inflammation, however, not only is capillary hydrostatic pressure increased, but there is also escape of plasma proteins into the extravascular space,increasing the colloid osmotic pressure there.
department of pathology
injury of endothelial
cell
Contraction and transcytosis
increased vascular permeability
Fluid exudation
department of pathology
Inflammatory edema exudate characters of exudate are… the exudate and the transudate has what different?