上海市民办普陀前进高级中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析

上海市民办普陀前进高级中学2022-2023学年高三英语
上学期期末试卷含解析
一、选择题
1. They also ask the students to present their independent ideas instead of __________ memorizing the formulas and texts.
A. totally
B. merely
C. thoroughly
D. clearly
参考答案：
B
2. Examples of people____ by lightning more than five times are almost common.
A. striking
B. to be struck
C. being struck
D. struck
参考答案：
C
略
3. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than______ on the small ones.
A. one
B. this
C. that
D. it
参考答案：
C
略
4. As is recorded in history, silkworms (蚕) were first raised by a woman in _____ is today Hebei Province.
A. where
B. the place
C. which
D. what
参考答案：
D
略
5. According to the law, all foreigners have to ________ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.
A. associate
B. dispute
C. negotiate
D. register
参考答案：
D
6. —_____ he have been chosen as captain of the football team?
—Yes, he______.
A. Can; must have
B. Must; must have
C. Can; must
D. Must; must
参考答案：
A
7. Though the college entrance exam is drawing near, study shouldn’t take up all of your time. It’s important to some time for relaxation and hobbies as well.
A.put away
B.set aside
y down
D.take off
参考答案：
B
【命题立意】考查动词短语的用法。

句意：尽管高考临近了，学习也不能占用你的全部时间。

为放松和爱好流出一些时间也是很重要的。

set time aside for为……留出时间。

put away放起来；lay down放下；take off脱下。

故判断选B。

8. —Do you have enough to________all your daily expenses?
—Oh yes，enough and to spare.
A．cover B．spend C．fill D．offer
参考答案：
A
略
9. I don’t think the price of gas will go down this week, ______ ?
A. will it
B. don’t I
C. won’t it
D. do I
参考答案：
A
10. You’d better pull your car to the side of the road if you_____answer a phone call．
A．must B．will C．can D．may
参考答案：
A
11. I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ________ in the city.
A．ones B．one C．that D．those
参考答案：
C
解析：本题考查几个代词的用法。

That代替上文出现过的同类单数可数名词或不
可数名词。

One代替上文出现过的那一个单数可数名词或不可数名词。

12. ------Have you noticed____bike? I left it here this morning.
------I think I saw one. Is it ___new one?
A. a；a
B. the；the
C. a；the
D. the；a
参考答案：
A
略
13. To maintain a nice relationship, both sides are advised to focus on _______ they have in common.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
参考答案：
A
14. ——Tom hasn’t finished what he was saying
——He _______ I’ve already known what is in his mind
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
参考答案：
C
略
15. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ______ the shocking ending.
A. give out
B. give away
C. give up
D. give off
参考答案：
B
16. A harmonious society is like a symphony orchestra—each person contributes a small sound, but when ________ with other sounds, it becomes beautiful music.
A．combining B．being combined
C．combined D．to be combined
参考答案：
C考查非谓语动词。

当状语中的主语与句子中的主语保持一致的时候，可以省略状语中的主语和be动词，补全应为状语从句when it is combined，故选C项。

二、完型填空
17. 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
A screen door (纱门) allows for an open view while at the same time affording a degree of privacy. 36 , communication between parents and their child away at college should have 37 in expressing viewpoints but, at the same time, it should demonstrate a respect for privacy. Staying in touch with each other is important because without 38 , there is no connection and worry can take over. All involved should try to be 39 in listening to, understanding and dealing with special concerns or needs that arise whether they may be from the student, parents or friends.
For the 40 student adjusting well at school, calls to home can be infrequent. This is not necessarily a cause for parents to 41 . While parents are
naturally 42 about what their child is up to, the majority of students are busy getting 43 to their new home, making new friends and 44 to new schedules and activities. The fact is that without any ill intention on purpose, they can spend little time thinking about home and they may not appreciate the degree of their
parents' 45 curiosity.
For the student who is not adjusting well at school, calls to home will probably be made more 46 . This circumstance can bring a 47 period for both parent and child. For the parents at home, it can be terribly 48 to sense. their child is unhappy. It is difficult to judge how we should react to this challenge: as 49 , we want to bring our children home to the safety of our 50 ; in our parent-teacher role, we want
to 51 the ties and allow our child the opportunity to 52 it on his/her own. For the student away at school, unhappiness can be lonely and frightening and in some cases, it can lead to depression and illness. There is a sense of 53 for some homesick students who fear that Mom and Dad will 54 their inability to cope with the new environment. This is especially true when the homesick one sees classmates adjusting somewhat effortlessly. No matter what the circumstances are that have created 55 , communication between parent and child must remain open, honest and in balance.
36. A. Relatively B. Contrarily C. Typically D. Similarly
37. A. openness B. happiness C. carelessness D. homesickness
38. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. communication
39. A. sensitive B. confident C. casual D. modest
40. A. happy B. unppy C. depressed D. frightened
41. A. worry B. regret C. cheer D. wonder
42. A. uninformed B. curious C. happy D. sensible
43. A. accustomed B. married C. contributed D. appealed
44. A. adding B. referring C. adjusting D. leading
45. A. strange B. increasing C. awakened D. normal
46. A. formally B. frequently C. sincerely D. patiently
47. A. disappointing B. recovering C. challenging D. training
48. A. damaging B. disturbing C. demanding D. exhausting
49. A. protectors B. reminders C. inspectors D. individuals
50. A. nest B.bed C.yard D. family
51. A. maintain B. establish C. restore D. cut
52. A. make B. put C. get D. forget
53. A. relief B. responsibility C. achievement D. embarrassment
54. A. get bored with B. get upset with C. be ignorant of D. be honest with
55. A. opportunity B. uncertainty C. unhappiness D. nervousness
参考答案：
36—45 D A D A A A B A C D B C B A A D A DBC
略
三、阅读理解
18. No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing the order of the words and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs (助动词) and suffixes (后缀), we can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey different meanings. However, the question which many language experts can’t understand and explain is—who created grammar?
Some recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. Sin ce the slaves didn’t know each other’s languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too many words to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children didn’t simply copy the strings of words used by their elders. They adapted their words to create an expressive language. In this way complex grammar systems which come from pidgins were invented.
Further evidence can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a group of gestures; they use the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in
Nicaragua. Previously, although deaf children were taught speech and lip reading in the classrooms, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures they used at home. It was basically a pidgin and there was no consistent grammar. However, a new system was born when children who joined the school later developed a quite different sign language. It was based on the signs of the older children, but it was shorter and easier to understand, and it had a large range of special use of grammar to clarify the meaning. What’s more, they all used the signs in the same way. So the original pidgin was greatly improved.
Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first. They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system. The English past tense—“ed” ending—may have evolved from the verb “do”. “It ended” may once have been “It end-did”. It seems that children have grammatical machinery in their brains. Their minds can serve to create logical and complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
43. What can be inferred about the slaves’ pidgin language?
A. It was difficult to understand.
B. It came from different languages.
C. It was created by the landowners.
D. It contained highly complex grammar.
44. What is the characteristic of the new Nicaraguan sign language?
A. No consistent signs were used for communication.
B. Most of the gestures were made for everyday activities.
C. The hand movements were smoother and more attractive.
D. The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language.
45. Which idea does the author present in the last paragraph?
A. English grammar of past tense system is inaccurate.
B. Children say English past tense differently from adults.
C. The thought that English was once a pidgin is acceptable.
D. Experts have proven that English was created by children.
46. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Creators of Grammar
B. The History of Languages
C. Why Pidgins Came into Being
D. How Grammar Systems Are Used
参考答案：
43. A 44. D 45. C 46. A
本文是说明文，通过专家们的观点和证据，说明了许多语言的起源，回答了谁创造了语法这个问题。

【43题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第二段Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too many words to make their meaning understood.可知Pidgins是从许多语言中复制出来的，没有语法，需要用很多词表达才能让别人明白。

由此可知这种语言很难懂，故选A.
【44题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段it was shorter and easier to understand, and it had a large range of special use of grammar to clarify the meaning. What’s more, they all used the si gns in the same way. So the original pidgin was greatly improved.可知新Nicaraguan手势语比以前的手势语更简单易懂，有大量的特殊语法来阐明意义。

故选D.
【45题详解】
推理判断题。

最后一段Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first. They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system.介绍专家们认为许多语言都起源于pidgins，后来逐渐演变成一个被广泛接受的系统。

下面列举了英语的例子，说明英语也起源于pidgins.故选C.【46题详解】
主旨大意题。

第一段最后However, the question which many language experts can’t understand and explain is—who created grammar?提出问题，谁创造了语法？下文列举了专家们的观点和证据，说明了许多语言的起源。

The Creators of Grammar是全文的主题，适合作为标题，故选A.
【点睛】
本文推理判断题的考法：
推测文章的观点或结论。

小题1要求推断pidgin语的特点，根据第二段Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too many words to make their meaning understood.可知Pidgins是从许多语言中复制出来的，没有语法，需要用很多词表达才能让别人明白。

由此可知这种语言很难懂。

小题3考查作者在最后一段表达的观点，根据Most experts believe that many of
the languages were pidgins at first. They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system.介绍专家们认为许多语言都起源于pidgins，后来逐渐演变成一个被广泛接受的系统。

下面列举了英语的例子，说明英语也起源于pidgins.
19. Like infectious diseases, ideas in the academic world are epidemic (传染的). But why some travel far and wide while equally good ones has been a mystery? Now a team of computer scientists has used an epidemiological model to simulate (模仿) how ideas move from one academic institution to another. The model showed that ideas originating at famous institutions caused bigger “epidemics” than equally good ideas from less famous places, explains Allison Morgan, a computer scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder.
“This implies that where an idea is born shapes how far it spreads,” says se nior author Aaron Clauset.
Not only is this unfair—“it reveals a big weakness in how we’re doing science,” says Simon DeDeo, a professor of social and decision sciences at Carnegie Mellon university, who was not involved in the study. “There are many high ly trained people with good ideas who do not end up at top institutions. They are producing good ideas, and we know those ideas are getting lost,” DeDeo says. “Our science, our scholarships, is not as good because of this.”
The Colorado researchers first looked at how five big ideas in computer science spread to new institutions. They found that hiring a new faculty member accounted for this movement a little more than a third of the time--and in 81 percent of those cases, transmissions took place from higher – to lower-prestige (声望) universities. Then the team simulated the spread of ideas using an infectious disease model and found that the size of an idea “epidemic” depended on the prestige of the originating institution.
The researchers’ model suggests that there “may be a number of quite good ideas that originate in the middle of the pack, in terms of universities.” Clauset says. There is a lot of good work coming out of less famous places. he says: “You can learn a huge amount from it, and you can learn things that other people don’t know because they’re not even paying attention.”
12. How did the scientists carry out their research?
A. By making use of a model.
B. By analyzing previous data.
C. By comparing different results.
D. By interviewing different people.
13. According to Simon DeDeo, What can we infer in Paragraph 3?
A. All the people with higher education have good ideas.
B. Some scholarships aren’t given to the right people.
C. Most good ideas come from not-so-great institutions.
D. People with higher education should work in top institutions.
14. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A. The causes of the results.
B. The importance of the research.
C. The findings of the research.
D. The characteristics of big ideas.
15. What may be the best title for the passage?
A. Spread good ideas as far as possible.
B. Best ideas come from top institutions.
C. Save good ideas from less famous places.
D. Ideas from top institutions travel farther.
参考答案：
12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
本文为说明文。

文章介绍了一种社会现象——顶级机构的想法传播得更远。

【12题详解】
细节理解题。

依据第一段a team of computer scientists has used an epidemiological model to simulate…可知，科学家们利用模型进行研究。

故A选项正确。

【13题详解】
推理判断题。

第三段Simon Dedeo说：“这揭示了我们在科学方面的巨大弱点。

”“很多受过高等教育的人都有很好的想法，但最终却没有进入顶尖机构。

他们正在产生好的想法，我们知道这些想法正在消失，”；“由于这一点，我们的科学，我们的奖学金没有那么好。

”由此可推断，有些奖学金并没有给对的人。

故B选项正确。

【14题详解】
段落大意题。

依据第四段They found thatThen the team simulated the spread of ideasand found that。

由两处found that可知，该段主要呈现研究的结果。

故C选项正确。

【15题详解】
主旨大意题。

文章第一段提出一种社会现象，学术思想像传染病一样会流行，但为什么一些传播的远而另一些却不？后文通过流行病学建模实验来说明，来自名家机构的思想要比来自不太著名地方的同样好的思想更加的“流行”。

因此D项“顶级机构的想法传播得更远”适合做最佳标题。

故D选项正确。